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Sweetwater and Loveland Reservoirs Watershed Sanitary Survey First Update

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Sweetwater and Loveland Reservoirs Watershed Sanitary Survey First Update SWEETWATER AND LOVELAND RESERVOIRS WATERSHED SANITARY SURVEY FIRST UPDATE Final Report August 2007 ARCHIBALD CONSULTING Sweetwater and Loveland Reservoirs Watershed Sanitary Survey First Update FINAL REPORT August 2007 Technical Committee: Sweetwater Authority Pete Baranov Jane Davies Mark Hatcher George Silva Don Thomson Prepared By: Leslie Palencia, Palencia Consulting Engineers Bonny Starr, Starr Consulting PREPARED BY TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Number Executive Summary Introduction ............................................................................................................... ES-1 Objectives of the Update........................................................................................... ES-1 Key Findings and Conclusions .................................................................................. ES-1 Source Water Quality ..................................................................................... ES-1 Turbidity ............................................................................................ ES-2 Coliform............................................................................................. ES-2 Giardia/Cryptosporidium ................................................................... ES-2 Disinfection By-Product Precursors................................................... ES-2 Volatile and Synthetic Organic Compounds (VOCs and SOCs)........ ES-2 Nitrate ............................................................................................... ES-3 Selected Metals................................................................................. ES-3 Selected Minerals.............................................................................. ES-3 Plankton and Related Constituents................................................... ES-3 Arsenic/Hexavalent Chromium.......................................................... ES-4 Intake Evaluation ............................................................................................ ES-4 Robert A. Perdue Water Treatment Plant ......................................... ES-4 Turbidity............................................................................... ES-4 Microbiological Constituent Review .................................... ES-4 Disinfection By-Products...................................................... ES-5 VOCs and SOCs.................................................................. ES-6 Inorganics ............................................................................ ES-6 Giardia/Virus/Cryptosporidium Reduction Requirements..... ES-7 Watershed Contaminant Sources................................................................... ES-7 Spills ................................................................................................. ES-7 Landfills............................................................................................. ES-8 Recreation......................................................................................... ES-9 Urban Runoff................................................................................... ES-10 Wastewater ..................................................................................... ES-11 Proposed Highways and Other Developments ............................... ES-11 Homeless Encampments ................................................................ ES-12 Agriculture....................................................................................... ES-12 Fires ................................................................................................ ES-13 Topics to Consider for the 2012 Update.................................................................. ES-13 Recommendations .................................................................................................. ES-13 Section 1 – Introduction Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1-1 Objectives of the Update.............................................................................................. 1-1 Constituents and Potential Contaminating Activities Covered in the First Update........ 1-2 Description of How the First Update was Conducted ................................................... 1-4 Report Organization ..................................................................................................... 1-5 Sweetwater and Loveland Reservoirs Watershed Sanitary Survey Page i First Update – Final Report Section 2 – Watershed and Water Supply Systems Watershed Description ................................................................................................. 2-1 Precipitation....................................................................................................... 2-1 Flow................................................................................................................... 2-2 Land Use ........................................................................................................... 2-3 Population ......................................................................................................... 2-3 Land Ownership ................................................................................................ 2-4 Water Supply System................................................................................................... 2-5 Background ....................................................................................................... 2-5 Sweetwater and Loveland Reservoirs ............................................................... 2-6 Robert A. Perdue Water Treatment Plant.......................................................... 2-6 Section 3 – Source Water Quality Review Overall Water Quality Summary .................................................................................. 3-2 Selected Constituent Review ....................................................................................... 3-2 Turbidity............................................................................................................. 3-4 General Characteristics and Background ............................................... 3-4 Evaluation ............................................................................................... 3-4 Summary of Results................................................................................ 3-5 Microbial Constituents ....................................................................................... 3-6 General Characteristics and Background ............................................... 3-6 Evaluations ............................................................................................. 3-7 Total Coliform ................................................................................. 3-7 E. coli.............................................................................................. 3-9 Giardia and Cryptosporidium ........................................................ 3-11 Summary of Results.............................................................................. 3-12 Disinfection By-Product Precursors ................................................................. 3-12 General Characteristics and Background ............................................. 3-12 Evaluation ............................................................................................. 3-13 Organic Carbon ............................................................................ 3-13 Bromide ........................................................................................ 3-16 Summary of Results.............................................................................. 3-16 Volatile and Synthetic Organic Chemicals....................................................... 3-17 General Characteristics and Background ............................................. 3-17 Evaluation ............................................................................................. 3-17 Summary of Results.............................................................................. 3-19 Nitrate.............................................................................................................. 3-19 General Characteristics and Background ............................................. 3-19 Evaluation ............................................................................................. 3-20 Summary of Results.............................................................................. 3-20 Selected Metals............................................................................................... 3-21 General Characteristics and Background ............................................. 3-21 Evaluation ............................................................................................. 3-21 Sweetwater and Loveland Reservoirs Watershed Sanitary Survey Page ii First Update – Final Report Summary of Results.............................................................................. 3-23 Selected Minerals ............................................................................................ 3-24 General Characteristics and Background ............................................. 3-24 Evaluation ............................................................................................. 3-24 Summary of Results.............................................................................. 3-27 Plankton and Related Constituents
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