DOCSLIB.ORG

Beneficial Effects of Hydnocarpus Laurifolia Seed on Lipid Profile Status in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats *P Sailaja Rao1, G

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Beneficial Effects of Hydnocarpus Laurifolia Seed on Lipid Profile Status in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats *P Sailaja Rao1, G P Sailaja Rao et al. / Journal of Pharmacy Research 2014,8(9),1274-1278 Research Article Available online through ISSN: 0974-6943 http://jprsolutions.info Beneficial effects of Hydnocarpus laurifolia seed on lipid profile status in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats *P Sailaja Rao1, G. Krishna Mohan2 1*Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, SriVenkateshwara College of Pharmacy & Research Centre, Madhapur, Hyderabad-81, Telangana, India. 2Professor, Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences, JNTUH, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. Received on:21-05-2014; Revised on: 17-06-2014; Accepted on:25-07-2014 ABSTRACT Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is one of the widespread and severe metabolic disorders in human all over the world. The effect of the disease on lipid metabolism is very well established. The association of hyperglycaemia with altered lipid parameters presents a major risk for all cardiovascular diseases. Various medicinal plants have effectively been used to conquer this health problem. Objective:The present study was designed to evaluate the potential anti- hyperlipidemic efficacy of Hydnocarpus laurifolia seeds in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Diabetes was induced by giving Streptozotocin intraperitoneally, rats which showed blood glucose levels >250 mg/dl were selected for the study. The petroleum ether and ethylacetate extracts of Hydnocarpuslaurifolia seeds were prepared and administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg each orally. Metformin was given as a standard drug at a dose of 50 mg/kg orally. Results: The fasting and post-prandial blood glucose levels were estimated by glucose-oxidase method. The plasma levels of cholesterol (CH), triglycerides (TG) low density lipoproteins (LDL) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) were estimated and found to be signifi- cantly (p<0.0001) lowered in extract treated diabetic rats. The results showed that the present study provided a rationale for the use of Hydnocarpus laurifolia seed extract as an anti-diabetic agent and anti-hyperlipidemic agent. KEY WORDS: Diabetes mellitus, Hydnocarpus laurifolia, Streptozotocin, anti-hyperlipidemic agent. INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most major metabolic diseases and defence mechanism which promote the development of late complica- cause of death in modern society. Diabetes is a group of chronic tions. To reduce the late complications and negative outcomes of the disorders characterised by disarrangement in carbohydrates, proteins disease, it is necessary to control the blood glucose levels and lipid and fat metabolism caused by hyperglycemia (or) reduced insulin levels 2. Therefore, successful management depends upon diminished secretion (or) both. There are various severe diabetic complications glucose levels in the blood and lipid homeostasis, which combats such as retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular com- with the cardiovascular obstacles. plications and ulceration. Apart from the above complications, car- diovascular risk is most important with altered lipid profile. It is Many side effects have been reported with oral synthetic hypoglyce- characterised by increased levels of Cholesterol (CH), triglycerides mic agents and they were not successful in maintaining euglycemia (TG), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and very low density lipopro- and controlling long-term microvascular and macrovascular compli- teins (VLDL) 1. An unusual deposition of fat in the liver and muscle is cations. According to W.H.O, 300 million people will have diabetes by observed which elicits the insulin resistance that terminates in ß-cell the year 2025 3. The use of herbal medicines for the treatment of reduction in type 2 diabetes. In Diabetes, biochemical alterations of diabetes has gained importance throughout the world. Hence, there glucose and lipid metabolism occur which leads to an elevated pro- is an increased demand to use natural products with anti-diabetic duction of Reactive oxygen species (ROS), a decline in anti-oxidative activity due to the side effects associated with the use of insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents. Hypercholesterolemia and *Corresponding author. hypertriglyceridemia are common complications of diabetes in addi- P Sailaja Rao, tion to hyperglycemia. Hyperlipidemia contributes significantly in Assistant Professor, the manifestation and development of atherosclerosis and coronary Department of Pharmacology, heart disease 4. SriVenkateshwara College of Pharmacy & Research Centre, Madhapur, Hyderabad-81, Telangana, India. India is a country with rich natural resources with a wide variety of Journal of Pharmacy Research Vol.8 Issue 9. September 2014 1274-1278 P Sailaja Rao et al. / Journal of Pharmacy Research 2014,8(9),1274-1278 medicinal plants. The plants which show significant pharmacological Animals which did not develop more than 250 mg/100 ml of blood activity and low toxicity need extensive screening. The plants which glucose levels were rejected 8. show significant pharmacological activity and low toxicity need ex- Experimental groups: The animals were divided into eleven groups tensive screening.Hydnocarpus laurifolia belongs to family; of 6 animals each. Achariaceae (Flacourtiaceae) is one of the ancient plants in the world, Group I: Normal untreated rats (Control) which is used in the traditional system for Diabetes. It is a tree found Group II:Normal rats given with Petroleum ether seed extract (PESE) in tropical forestsand Western Ghatsof south India. It is useful in the (100mg/kg) (o) treatment of Intestinal worms, Helminthiasis, infected wounds, skin Group III: Normal rats given with Petroleum ether seed extract (PESE) diseases, fever, bloating, piles and wounds with inflammation 5,6. The (300mg/kg) (o) chemical constituents contain Hydnocarpic acid and its homologues. Group IV:Normal rats given with Ethylacetate seed extract (EASE) It also contains oleic acid and palmitic acid. Chalmoogra oil obtained (100mg/kg) (o) from this plant is used in the treatment of skin diseases including Group V: Normal rats given with Ethlyacetate seed extract (EASE) leprosy 7. The preliminary phytochemical screening of Hydnocarpus laurifolia was done and revealed the presence of alkaloids, pheno- (300mg/kg) (o) lics, flavonoids, carbohydrates, saponins and glycosides. Group VI: Diabetic rats Group VII:Diabetic rats given with Metformin 50 mg/kg (o) MATERIALS AND METHODS: Group VIII: Diabetic rats given with Petroleum ether seed extract(PESE) (100mg/kg) (o) Collection of Plant Material: Group IX :Diabetic rats given with Petroleum ether seed extract (PESE) Hydnocarpus laurifolia seeds (5 kg) were collected from Tirumala (300mg/kg) (o) Hills, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh during July-Aug 2011. The Authen- Group X :Diabetic rats given with Ethylacetate seed extract (EASE) tication was done by S.V. Univerisity, Botany Department, Tirupathi. (100mg/kg) (o) Group XI: Diabetic rats given with Ethylacetate seed extract (EASE) Preparation of Extract: (300mg/kg) (o) The seeds obtained were powdered in electric grinder, placed in closed vessels; the selected solvents petroleum ether and ethylacetate were Animals of group I were given with 0.9% saline and served as control added and allowed to stand for seven days shaking occasionally. and groups II, III, IV and V were given with petroleum ether and ethyl The liquid was strained off; solid residue was pressed, clarified by acetate extract of doses of 100 & 300 mg/kg dissolved in 0.25% Carboxy filtration and then subjected to evaporation. Methyl Cellulose orally. Group VI were diabetic control rats. Group VII was given with Metformin, a standard oral hypoglycaemic agent Animals: at a dose of 50mg/kg. Diabetes induced groups VIII, IX, X and XI Animal Protocol was approved by IAEC (Institutional Animal Ethical were given with the Petroleum ether and ethylacetate extracts at dose Committee) of CPCSEA (Committee for Purpose of Control and Su- of 100 and 300 mg/kg dissolved in 0.25% Carboxy Methyl Cellulose pervision of Experimentation on Animals) through its reference no: orally. Petroleum ether and ethylacetate seed extract of Hydnocarpus IAEC/SVCP/2011/006, dated: 26/7/11. laurifolia were administered to groups II to V and VIII to XI for a period of 15 days, and on 16th day blood was collected byretro-orbital Male Wistar rats, weighing (180-250 gms) were obtained from NIN sinus puncture. Blood withdrawn was centrifuged and serum was (National Institute of Nutrition), Hyderabad. The animals were housed separated for biochemical study. Serum lipid profile (total cholesterol, with free access to food and water for at least one week in an air triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and VLDL-choles- conditioned room (250C) under a 12 hr light:dark cycle prior to the experiment. They were fed with standard diet (Hindustan Lever) and terol), was measured by using ERBA reagents and ERBA kit in Semi- water ad libitum. Auto Analyser. Antidiabetic activity: The Fasting blood glucose (FBS) and Post-Prandial glucose (PLBS) 9 Induction of Experimental Diabetes: Diabetes was induced by a single levels were estimated by Glucose-oxidase method . intraperitoneal injection of a freshly prepared Streptozotocin (STZ) solution (Sisco Research laboratories pvt ltd. Mumbai-93, India. Batch Statistical Analysis: No: T-835796) (Dose: 30-50mg/kg) in citrate buffer 0.1 M, pH 4.5 to The results of the estimation were reported as Mean ± SEM. Student’s overnight fasted rats. Diabetes was identified by polydipsia, polyuria t-test was applied
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Towards an Understanding of the Evolution of Violaceae from an Anatomical and Morphological Perspective Saul Ernesto Hoyos University of Missouri-St
    University of Missouri, St. Louis IRL @ UMSL Theses Graduate Works 8-7-2011 Towards an understanding of the evolution of Violaceae from an anatomical and morphological perspective Saul Ernesto Hoyos University of Missouri-St. Louis, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://irl.umsl.edu/thesis Recommended Citation Hoyos, Saul Ernesto, "Towards an understanding of the evolution of Violaceae from an anatomical and morphological perspective" (2011). Theses. 50. http://irl.umsl.edu/thesis/50 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Works at IRL @ UMSL. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of IRL @ UMSL. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Saul E. Hoyos Gomez MSc. Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, University of Missouri-Saint Louis, 2011 Thesis Submitted to The Graduate School at the University of Missouri – St. Louis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science July 2011 Advisory Committee Peter Stevens, Ph.D. Chairperson Peter Jorgensen, Ph.D. Richard Keating, Ph.D. TOWARDS AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE BASAL EVOLUTION OF VIOLACEAE FROM AN ANATOMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE Saul Hoyos Introduction The violet family, Violaceae, are predominantly tropical and contains 23 genera and upwards of 900 species (Feng 2005, Tukuoka 2008, Wahlert and Ballard 2010 in press). The family is monophyletic (Feng 2005, Tukuoka 2008, Wahlert & Ballard 2010 in press), even though phylogenetic relationships within Violaceae are still unclear (Feng 2005, Tukuoka 2008). The family embrace a great diversity of vegetative and floral morphologies. Members are herbs, lianas or trees, with flowers ranging from strongly spurred to unspurred.
    [Show full text]
  • Alphabetical Lists of the Vascular Plant Families with Their Phylogenetic
    Colligo 2 (1) : 3-10 BOTANIQUE Alphabetical lists of the vascular plant families with their phylogenetic classification numbers Listes alphabétiques des familles de plantes vasculaires avec leurs numéros de classement phylogénétique FRÉDÉRIC DANET* *Mairie de Lyon, Espaces verts, Jardin botanique, Herbier, 69205 Lyon cedex 01, France - [email protected] Citation : Danet F., 2019. Alphabetical lists of the vascular plant families with their phylogenetic classification numbers. Colligo, 2(1) : 3- 10. https://perma.cc/2WFD-A2A7 KEY-WORDS Angiosperms family arrangement Summary: This paper provides, for herbarium cura- Gymnosperms Classification tors, the alphabetical lists of the recognized families Pteridophytes APG system in pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms Ferns PPG system with their phylogenetic classification numbers. Lycophytes phylogeny Herbarium MOTS-CLÉS Angiospermes rangement des familles Résumé : Cet article produit, pour les conservateurs Gymnospermes Classification d’herbier, les listes alphabétiques des familles recon- Ptéridophytes système APG nues pour les ptéridophytes, les gymnospermes et Fougères système PPG les angiospermes avec leurs numéros de classement Lycophytes phylogénie phylogénétique. Herbier Introduction These alphabetical lists have been established for the systems of A.-L de Jussieu, A.-P. de Can- The organization of herbarium collections con- dolle, Bentham & Hooker, etc. that are still used sists in arranging the specimens logically to in the management of historical herbaria find and reclassify them easily in the appro- whose original classification is voluntarily pre- priate storage units. In the vascular plant col- served. lections, commonly used methods are systema- Recent classification systems based on molecu- tic classification, alphabetical classification, or lar phylogenies have developed, and herbaria combinations of both.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary History of Floral Key Innovations in Angiosperms Elisabeth Reyes
    Evolutionary history of floral key innovations in angiosperms Elisabeth Reyes To cite this version: Elisabeth Reyes. Evolutionary history of floral key innovations in angiosperms. Botanics. Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), 2016. English. NNT : 2016SACLS489. tel-01443353 HAL Id: tel-01443353 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01443353 Submitted on 23 Jan 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. NNT : 2016SACLS489 THESE DE DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITE PARIS-SACLAY, préparée à l’Université Paris-Sud ÉCOLE DOCTORALE N° 567 Sciences du Végétal : du Gène à l’Ecosystème Spécialité de Doctorat : Biologie Par Mme Elisabeth Reyes Evolutionary history of floral key innovations in angiosperms Thèse présentée et soutenue à Orsay, le 13 décembre 2016 : Composition du Jury : M. Ronse de Craene, Louis Directeur de recherche aux Jardins Rapporteur Botaniques Royaux d’Édimbourg M. Forest, Félix Directeur de recherche aux Jardins Rapporteur Botaniques Royaux de Kew Mme. Damerval, Catherine Directrice de recherche au Moulon Président du jury M. Lowry, Porter Curateur en chef aux Jardins Examinateur Botaniques du Missouri M. Haevermans, Thomas Maître de conférences au MNHN Examinateur Mme. Nadot, Sophie Professeur à l’Université Paris-Sud Directeur de thèse M.
    [Show full text]
  • First Steps Towards a Floral Structural Characterization of the Major Rosid Subclades
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2006 First steps towards a floral structural characterization of the major rosid subclades Endress, P K ; Matthews, M L Abstract: A survey of our own comparative studies on several larger clades of rosids and over 1400 original publications on rosid flowers shows that floral structural features support to various degrees the supraordinal relationships in rosids proposed by molecular phylogenetic studies. However, as many apparent relationships are not yet well resolved, the structural support also remains tentative. Some of the features that turned out to be of interest in the present study had not previously been considered in earlier supraordinal studies. The strongest floral structural support is for malvids (Brassicales, Malvales, Sapindales), which reflects the strong support of phylogenetic analyses. Somewhat less structurally supported are the COM (Celastrales, Oxalidales, Malpighiales) and the nitrogen-fixing (Cucurbitales, Fagales, Fabales, Rosales) clades of fabids, which are both also only weakly supported in phylogenetic analyses. The sister pairs, Cucurbitales plus Fagales, and Malvales plus Sapindales, are structurally only weakly supported, and for the entire fabids there is no clear support by the present floral structural data. However, an additional grouping, the COM clade plus malvids, shares some interesting features but does not appear as a clade in phylogenetic analyses. Thus it appears that the deepest split within eurosids- that between fabids and malvids - in molecular phylogenetic analyses (however weakly supported) is not matched by the present structural data. Features of ovules including thickness of integuments, thickness of nucellus, and degree of ovular curvature, appear to be especially interesting for higher level relationships and should be further explored.
    [Show full text]
  • INTRODUCTION Revisions for Thailand of the Genera Now
    THAI FOR. BULL. (BOT.) 43: 46–50. 2015. Revisiting taxonomic circumscriptions in Hydnocarpus Gaertn. and Ryparosa Blume for the Achariaceae of Thailand BRUCE L. WEBBER1 & BOB HARWOOD2 ABSTRACT. The split of the Flacourtiaceae into Achariaceae and Salicaceae has necessitated an updated treatment of these families for regional fl oras. In revising the Achariaceae for the Flora of Thailand, new insights on taxon circumscriptions in the family were generated based on a robust interrogation of delimiting characters and historical taxonomic decisions. Justifi cations for accepting certain taxa and synonymising others are here presented, along with recommendations for guiding future taxonomic work. KEY WORDS: Achariaceae, delimiting characters, Flacourtiaceae, Hydnocarpus, Ryparosa, Hermann Sleumer, Thailand. INTRODUCTION (e.g. Ryparosa fasciculata King and Ryparosa scortechinii King), and characterise important Revisions for Thailand of the genera now morphological differences between species (Sleumer, included in Achariaceae have often lagged behind 1954), do not appear to hold when subjected to current circumscriptions at both the family and closer scrutiny, particularly when applying fi eld- species levels. The most recent regional revision based knowledge of the species in question. To covering the 11 genera that were once placed in complement the revision of Achariaceae for the Flacourtiaceae is now 30 years old (Sleumer, 1985). Flora of Thailand (Harwood & Webber, 2015), here Since then, Chase et al. (2002) concluded that there we revisit species from two of the four genera in was no justifi cation for maintaining Flacourtiaceae, Thailand – Hydnocarpus and Ryparosa – providing and placed the majority of genera in either Salicaceae detailed notes on the justifi cation behind our taxo- or Achariaceae.
    [Show full text]
  • Table S1 Wild Food Plants Used by Minangkabau and Mandailing Women in Pasaman Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia
    Table S1 Wild food plants used by Minangkabau and Mandailing women in Pasaman regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia Plant species and Plant family Local names Local food Part used and Cited by % of Habitat voucher number category extent of use respondents Food group: Starchy staples Manihot esculenta C Euphorbiaceae Ubi singkong, Ubi Staple Tuber 74 (30 Ma; 44 Mi) Ag, Ho, rantz kayu (Mi, Ma) food/snack ++ Fi Colocasia esculenta ( Araceae Talas (Mi); Suhat Staple Tuber 53 (16 Ma; 37 Mi) Ae, Af, L.) Schott (LP16) (Ma) food/snack + Fi Ipomoea batatas (L.) Convolvulaceae Ubi jalar (Mi, Ma) Staple Tuber 25 (30 Ma; 44 Mi) Fi, Hg Poir. food/snack + Xanthosoma Araceae Talas hitam (Mi) Staple Tuber 1 (0 Ma; 1 Mi) Af sagittifolium (L.) food/snack - Schott (LP56) Food group: Pulses Archidendron Leguminosae Jariang (Mi); Joring Vegetable Seed 14 (4 Ma; 10 Mi) Af pauciflorum (Benth.) (Ma); Jengkol (Mi, ++++ I.C.Nielsen Ma) Parkia speciosa Leguminosae Petai (Mi, Ma) Vegetable Seed 7 (4 Ma; 3 Mi) Af Hassk. ++++ Archidendron Leguminosae Kabau, Sikabau Vegetable Seed 3 (0 Ma; 3 Mi) Af bubalinum (Jack) (Mi); Kaladeh (Ma) ++ I.C.Nielsen Parkia speciosa Leguminosae Potar, Parira, Petai Vegetable Seed 1 (1 Ma; 0 Mi) Af, Fo Hassk. (LP17) hutan (Ma) + Species not Leguminosae Kacang tujuh Vegetable/ Seed 0 (0 Ma; 1 Mi) Af, Fi identified (LP41) lembar daun (Mi) bean + Vigna unguiculata Leguminosae Kacang tunjuk (Mi, Vegetable/ Seed Only FGD (Mi, Ma) Fi, Hg 'kacang tunjuk' Ma) bean - (LP35) Food group: Nuts and Seeds Artocarpus sp. Moraceae Nankga hutan (Mi); Vegetable Fruit (unripe) 13 (3 Ma; 10 Mi) Fo Nangka/Sibodak + rimbo (Ma) Pangium edule Achariaceae Siwamang (Mi); Fruit Seed 2 (0 Ma; 2 Mi) Af Reinw.
    [Show full text]
  • Acetolysed Thin Layer Of
    Pollen morphology of the genus Hydnocarpus (Flacourtiaceae) with notes on related genera J. Schaeffer Rijksherbarium, Leiden Contents Summary 65 I Introduction 65 II General morphology 66 III Systematic descriptions 66 IV Pollen types 76 Pollen and V morphology taxonomy 77 References 79 Summary Pollen of ofthe described. Two grains 34 species genus Hydnocarpus(Flacourtiaceae) are pollen types, one of which is subdivided in two subtypes, are distinguished. Within Flacourtiaceae the pollen of Hydnocarpus In is more or less isolated, but the related genus Chlorocarpa has rather similar pollen. sculpture there exists some resemblance to Paropsia (Passifloraceae). I. Introduction The present study forms part of a general pollenmorphological survey of the family Flacourtiaceae, initiated at the Rijksherbarium in collaboration with Dr. H. Sleumer. The selected for the first detailed because genus Hydnocarpus was study it proved to have rather characteristic pollen types and is concentrated in SE. Asia and the Malesian region. Moreover, an adequate amountof well-determinedmaterial as well as a recent revision ot In the genus (Sleumer, 1954) were available. total 34 species could be investigated, of the total numberof known. representing 85 % species In addition, the pollen of a large other number of Flacourtiaceae was cursorily examined, in order to asses the pollen of within the morphological relationships Hydnocarpus family. The pollen of the genera and which resemble that of described Neoptychocarpus Chlorocarpa, Hydnocarpus most, is in more detail. Erdtman described Previously, only (1952) has, very briefly, the pollen of Hydnocarpus rather the elmeri which, however, proved to be atypical of genus. The pollen material was acetolysed for two minutes, mounted in glycerin jelly and photographed with a Leitz apochromatic OI objective (90/1.40).
    [Show full text]
  • Systematics and Biogeography of the Clusioid Clade (Malpighiales) Brad R
    Eastern Kentucky University Encompass Biological Sciences Faculty and Staff Research Biological Sciences January 2011 Systematics and Biogeography of the Clusioid Clade (Malpighiales) Brad R. Ruhfel Eastern Kentucky University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://encompass.eku.edu/bio_fsresearch Part of the Plant Biology Commons Recommended Citation Ruhfel, Brad R., "Systematics and Biogeography of the Clusioid Clade (Malpighiales)" (2011). Biological Sciences Faculty and Staff Research. Paper 3. http://encompass.eku.edu/bio_fsresearch/3 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences at Encompass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biological Sciences Faculty and Staff Research by an authorized administrator of Encompass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HARVARD UNIVERSITY Graduate School of Arts and Sciences DISSERTATION ACCEPTANCE CERTIFICATE The undersigned, appointed by the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology have examined a dissertation entitled Systematics and biogeography of the clusioid clade (Malpighiales) presented by Brad R. Ruhfel candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and hereby certify that it is worthy of acceptance. Signature Typed name: Prof. Charles C. Davis Signature ( ^^^M^ *-^£<& Typed name: Profy^ndrew I^4*ooll Signature / / l^'^ i •*" Typed name: Signature Typed name Signature ^ft/V ^VC^L • Typed name: Prof. Peter Sfe^cnS* Date: 29 April 2011 Systematics and biogeography of the clusioid clade (Malpighiales) A dissertation presented by Brad R. Ruhfel to The Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of Biology Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts May 2011 UMI Number: 3462126 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted.
    [Show full text]
  • In Vitro Bioactivities of Three Reputed Medicinal Plants of Bangladesh
    Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 17(2): 147-150, 2014 In vitro Bioactivities of Three Reputed Medicinal Plants of Bangladesh 1 2 2 3 Abu Bakar Siddique , Ridwan Islam , Md. Al Amin Sikder , Ridwan Bin Rashid , A.K.M. Nawshad Hossian1 and Mohammad A. Rashid2 1Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh 2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh 3Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh Received: March 10, 2014; Accepted: May 22, 2014; Published (Web): July 23, 2014 Abstract The study was designed to evaluate the preliminary biological activities of crude methanol extracts of the leaf of Justicia gendarussa, Sansevieria trifasciata and Hydnocarpus kurzii and their organic soluble partitionates. The polyphenol content was determined spectrophotometrically and expressed as gallic acid equivalents. The total phenolic content was found to vary for different test samples ranging from 1.45 ± 0.25 mg to 40.73 ± 0.22 mg of GAE/ gm of dried extract. The antioxidant potential was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging assay using butylated hydroxytolune (BHT) and ascorbic acid as standards. In the assay, the CSF of H. kurzii and the PESF of J. gendarussa revealed the highest free radical scavenging activity with IC50 values 3.25 ± 0.05 μg/ml and 24.68 ± 0.26 μg/ml, respectively. The brine shrimp lethality bioassay was utilized to evaluate the cytotoxicity. The chloroform soluble fraction (CSF) and methanol extract (ME) of J. gendarussa exhibited strong cytotoxicity with LC50 values of 0.002 μg/ml and 0.06 μg/ml, respectively. The membrane stabilizing activity was assessed by evaluating hemolysis of RBC in hypotonic solution and was compared with acetyl salicylic acid.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora of Nam Kading National Protected Area VII: a New Species of Diospyros (Ebenaceae), D
    Phytotaxa 477 (1): 090–096 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2020 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.477.1.7 Flora of Nam Kading National Protected Area VII: a new species of Diospyros (Ebenaceae), D. laoensis SHUICHIRO TAGANE1,2,5*, PHETLASY SOULADETH3,6, CHEN-JUI YANG4,7 & TETSUKAZU YAHARA1,8 1Center for Asian Conservation Ecology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan 2The Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan 3Faculty of Forest Science, National University of Laos, Vientiane, Laos 4Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 5 [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1974-7329 6 [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8563-1773 7 [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7364-1218 8 [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5105-7152 *Corresponding: [email protected] Abstract A new species of Diospyros, D. laoensis, from Nam Kading National Protected Area, central Laos, is described and il- lustrated. It morphologically resembles D. longipilosa of Thailand, D. martabanica of India and Southeast Asia, and D. xishuangbannaensis of China, but is distinguished by its adaxially glabrous midrib, shorter calyx lobes and shorter fruiting pedicel. DNA barcodes of the rbcL and matK regions, a vernacular name and preliminary conservation assessment are also provided. As the species is considered to be endemic to a restricted area which is under threat from deforestation, it is here suggested for assessment under the category of Endangered (EN) within the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Miocene Malpighialean Tree from Panama
    Rodriguez-ReyesIAWA Journal et al. – New38 (4), Miocene 2017: malpighialean437–455 wood 437 Panascleroticoxylon crystallosa gen. et sp. nov.: a new Miocene malpighialean tree from Panama Oris Rodriguez-Reyes1, 2, Peter Gasson3, Carolyn Thornton4, Howard J. Falcon-Lang5, and Nathan A. Jud6 1Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón Republic of Panamá 2Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Apartado 000 17, Panamá 0824, Panamá 3Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, United Kingdom 4Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument, P.O. Box 185, 15807 Teller County Road 1, Florissant, CO 80816, U.S.A. 5Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom 6L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Department of Plant Biology, 412 Mann Library Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A. *Corresponding author; e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT We report fossil wood specimens from two Miocene sites in Panama, Central America: Hodges Hill (Cucaracha Formation; Burdigalian, c.19 Ma) and Lago Alajuela (Alajuela Formation; Tortonian, c.10 Ma), where material is preserved as calcic and silicic permineralizations, respectively. The fossils show an unusual combination of features: diffuse porous vessel arrangement, simple perforation plates, alternate intervessel pitting, vessel–ray parenchyma pits either with much reduced borders or similar to the intervessel pits, abundant sclerotic tyloses, rays markedly heterocellular with long uniseriate tails, and rare to absent axial parenchyma. This combination of features allows assignment of the fossils to Malpighiales, and we note similarities with four predominantly tropical families: Salicaceae, Achariaceae, and especially, Phyllanthaceae, and Euphorbiaceae.
    [Show full text]
  • 13 (2) a Journal on Taxonomic Botany, Plant Sociology
    A JOURNAL ON TAXONOMIC BOTANY, PLANT SOCIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY ISSN 0034 – 365 X REINWARDTIA 13 (2) REINWARDTIA A JOURNAL ON TAXONOMIC BOTANY PLANT SOCIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY Vol. 13(2): 95 — 220, November 2, 2010 Chief Editor KARTINI KRAMADIBRATA Editors DEDY DARNAEDI TUKIRIN PARTOMIHARDJO JOENI SETIJO RAHAJOE TEGUH TRIONO MARLINA ARDIYANI EIZI SUZUKI JUN WEN Managing editors ELIZABETH A. WIDJAJA HIMMAH RUSTIAMI Secretary ENDANG TRI UTAMI Lay out DEDEN SUMIRAT HIDAYAT Ilustrators SUBARI WAHYU SANTOSO ANNE KUSUMAWATY Reviewers R. ABDULHADI, SANDY ATKINS, JULIE F. BARCELONA, TODD J. BARKMAN, NICO CELLINESE, MARK COODE, GUDRUN KADEREIT, ROGIER DE KOCK, N. FUKUOKA, KUSWATA KARTAWINATA, ARY P. KEIM, P. J. A. KESSLER, A. LATIFF–MOHAMAD, M. A. RIFAI, RUGAYAH, H. SOEDJITO, T. SETYAWATI, D. G. STONE, WAYNE TAKEUCHI, BENITO C. TAN, J. F. VELDKAMP, P. VAN WELZEN, H. WIRIADINATA, RUI-LIANG ZHU. Correspondence on editorial matters and subscriptions for Reinwardtia should be addressed to: HERBARIUM BOGORIENSE, BOTANY DIVISION, RESEARCH CENTER FOR BIOLOGY– LIPI, CIBINONG 16911, INDONESIA Email: [email protected] REINWARDTIA Vol 13, No 2, pp: 171 − 181 AN UPDATED SURVEY OF MALESIAN SEED PLANTS FAMILIES Received April 29, 2010; accepted September 6, 2010 M.M.J. VAN BALGOOY NCB Naturalis, Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis (section NHN), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. ABSTRACT VAN BALGOOY,M.M.J. 2010. An updated survey of Malesian Seed Plants Families. Reinwardtia 13(2): 171– 181. — The conservative family concept has been adopted on the Malesian Seed Plants Families I – III to show the visible characters to help identify specimen herbarium of the Malesian Plants.
    [Show full text]