{PDF EPUB} the Writings of George Washington
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The Second Amendment in Action
Chicago-Kent Law Review Volume 76 Issue 1 Symposium on the Second Amendment: Article 4 Fresh Looks October 2000 The Second Amendment in Action Michael A. Bellesiles Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/cklawreview Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Michael A. Bellesiles, The Second Amendment in Action, 76 Chi.-Kent L. Rev. 61 (2000). Available at: https://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/cklawreview/vol76/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons @ IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chicago-Kent Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholarly Commons @ IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. THE SECOND AMENDMENT IN ACTION MICHAEL A. BELLESILES* INTRODUCTION What follows may be entirely irrelevant. There are those who argue that historical inquiry offers nothing to our understanding of the Second Amendment. This postmodernist position is well represented by Charlton Heston, who has dismissed historical scholarship as not in the least bit relevant and called for historians to stop wasting their time in the archives.1 Akhil Amar recently stated that current understandings of the original meaning of the Second Amendment "might be false as a matter of historical fact but [are] nonetheless true as a matter of constitutional law."' 2 William Van Alstyne insists that historical research into the context of the Second Amendment "doesn't seem to me to make a very great deal of difference against the background of Bunker Hill, and the minutemen, and the imagery that this is the nature of things."3 Postmodernism denies the value and even the validity of historical context, emphasizing instead language and image; truth itself is a rhetorical social construct, it is the critic's representation of the past that matters. -
Social Washington's Evolution from Republican Court to Self-Rule, 1801-1831 Merry Ellen Scofield Wayne State University
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Digital Commons@Wayne State University Wayne State University Wayne State University Dissertations 1-1-2014 Assumptions Of Authority: Social Washington's Evolution From Republican Court To Self-Rule, 1801-1831 Merry Ellen Scofield Wayne State University, Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations Recommended Citation Scofield, Merry Ellen, "Assumptions Of Authority: Social Washington's Evolution From Republican Court To Self-Rule, 1801-1831" (2014). Wayne State University Dissertations. Paper 1055. This Open Access Embargo is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@WayneState. It has been accepted for inclusion in Wayne State University Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@WayneState. ASSUMPTIONS OF AUTHORITY: SOCIAL WASHINGTON'S EVOLUTION FROM REPUBLICAN COURT TO SELF-RULE, 1801-1831 by MERRY ELLEN SCOFIELD DISSERTATION Submitted to the Graduate School of Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 2014 MAJOR: HISTORY Approved by: ______________________________________ Advisor Date ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ © COPYRIGHT BY MERRY ELLEN SCOFIELD 2014 All Rights Reserved ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Both Oakland University and Wayne State have afforded me the opportunity of working under scholars who have contributed either directly or indirectly to the completion of my dissertation and the degree attached to it. From Oakland, Carl Osthaus and Todd Estes encouraged and supported me and showed generous pride in my small accomplishments. Both continued their support after I left Oakland. There is a direct path between this dissertation and Todd Estes. -
A War All Our Own: American Rangers and the Emergence of the American Martial Culture
A War All Our Own: American Rangers and the Emergence of the American Martial Culture by James Sandy, M.A. A Dissertation In HISTORY Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTORATE IN PHILOSOPHY Approved Dr. John R. Milam Chair of Committee Dr. Laura Calkins Dr. Barton Myers Dr. Aliza Wong Mark Sheridan, PhD. Dean of the Graduate School May, 2016 Copyright 2016, James Sandy Texas Tech University, James A. Sandy, May 2016 Acknowledgments This work would not have been possible without the constant encouragement and tutelage of my committee. They provided the inspiration for me to start this project, and guided me along the way as I slowly molded a very raw idea into the finished product here. Dr. Laura Calkins witnessed the birth of this project in my very first graduate class and has assisted me along every step of the way from raw idea to thesis to completed dissertation. Dr. Calkins has been and will continue to be invaluable mentor and friend throughout my career. Dr. Aliza Wong expanded my mind and horizons during a summer session course on Cultural Theory, which inspired a great deal of the theoretical framework of this work. As a co-chair of my committee, Dr. Barton Myers pushed both the project and myself further and harder than anyone else. The vast scope that this work encompasses proved to be my biggest challenge, but has come out as this works’ greatest strength and defining characteristic. I cannot thank Dr. Myers enough for pushing me out of my comfort zone, and for always providing the firmest yet most encouraging feedback. -
Capital Negotiations: Native Diplomats in the American Capital, 1789-1837
CAPITAL NEGOTIATIONS: NATIVE DIPLOMATS IN THE AMERICAN CAPITAL, 1789-1837 by Stephanie L. Gamble A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland October 2014 © 2014 Stephanie L. Gamble All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT “Capital Negotiations: Native Diplomats in the American Capital, 1789-1837,” examines the culture of diplomacy created by Native delegates and American officials as they negotiated in the seat of federal power. Between 1789 and 1837, more than 170 delegations of Native peoples from more than forty nations arrived in the national capital to engage in diplomacy with the United States government. Deputations ranged in size from a single diplomat to several dozen. The majority of delegations consisted of members of only one nation, though a notable minority was comprised of individuals from multiple nations. With many of these visits overlapping, Indian ambassadors were visible, nearly ever-present figures in the capital’s streets, theatres, hotels, and federal offices, as well as on the roads and waterways leading to and from the capital. Examining speeches, government records, newspapers, guidebooks, and personal letters, this dissertation uncovers the evolving expectations and strategies of Native diplomats as well as federal officials’ attempts to control Native visits. This project demonstrates the myriad ways in which Natives and federal officials performed diplomatic identities not just for one another but also for a wider American public, through extensive newspaper reporting and public displays of Native culture and American progress. Further, it establishes the importance of the American capital as a physical and ideological space for Native leaders and diplomats. -
The Origins of Settler Colonialism in the United States and French Algeria Ashley Sanders Claremont University Consortium
Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont Library Staff ubP lications and Research Library Publications 5-1-2015 Between Two Fires: The Origins of Settler Colonialism in the United States and French Algeria Ashley Sanders Claremont University Consortium Recommended Citation Sanders, Ashley, "Between Two Fires: The Origins of Settler Colonialism in the United States and French Algeria" (2015). Library Staff Publications and Research. Paper 32. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/library_staff/32 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Library Publications at Scholarship @ Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in Library Staff ubP lications and Research by an authorized administrator of Scholarship @ Claremont. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ! ! ! BETWEEN TWO FIRES: THE ORIGINS OF SETTLER COLONIALISM IN THE UNITED STATES AND FRENCH ALGERIA By Ashley Sanders A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of History – Doctor of Philosophy 2015 ! ABSTRACT' ! BETWEEN TWO FIRES: THE ORIGINS OF SETTLER COLONIALISM IN THE UNITED STATES AND FRENCH ALGERIA By Ashley Sanders This dissertation is a comparative study of the establishment of settler colonies in the American Midwest (1778-1795) and French colonial Algeria (1830-1848). It examines how interactions between the Indigenous populations, colonists, colonial administrators, the military, and the métropole shaped their development and advances the theory of settler colonialism. This study centers on the first fifteen to twenty years of conquest/occupation in the American Midwest, focusing specifically on southern Illinois and Indiana, and the province of Constantine, Algeria. Despite differences in geography, relative size of the military presence and Indigenous demographics, the process of establishing settler colonies in both locations followed similar trajectories. -
John Clement Fitzpatrick
I94O-] OBITUARIES 13 time he wrote pleasant notes of regret in answer to notices of our meetings, each time giving some sound reason for not attending. Once when urged to give a paper he replied telling of the press of his duties and suggesting that an effort be made to obtain another speaker. "But," he concluded with typical thoughtfulness, "if as the time approaches you do not find one please call upon me." The fact that he can no longer be called upon to give generously of his time and wisdom is tragedy to thousands. C. K. S. JOHN CLEMENT FITZPATRICK On February 10, 1940, John Clement Fitzpatrick closed a career of brilliant scholarship to which every student of American history is indebted. He was born in Washington, D. C, on August 10, 1876, a son of James Nicholas and Elizabeth (Combs) Fitzpatrick, and was educated in public and private schools in that vicinity. In 1897 he entered the service of the Library of Congress, with which his name will always be associated. In 1902 he became assistant chief of the Division of Manuscripts, which grew to be one of the world's great collections of source materials under his hands. The need of a national archives department was always close to his heart, and he served for a time on the com- mission to consider the problem. His scholarly interests lay in the period of the Revolution, and he ventured outside of it only to edit his Autobiography of Martin Van Buren. Within his chosen field he wrote The Spirit of the Revolution, Ceorge Washington Colonial Traveler, and George Washington Himself. -
Britain's Green Water Navy in the Revolutionary Chesapeake: Long
A Global Forum for Naval Historical Scholarship International Journal of Naval History August 2009 Volume 8 Number 2 Britain’s Green Water Navy in the Revolutionary Chesapeake: Long-Range Asymmetric Warfare in the Littoral C. Thomas Long The George Washington University Britain’s Green Water Navy in the Revolutionary Chesapeake: Long-Range Asymmetric Warfare in the Littoral Introduction In the pre-dawn hours twenty armed sailors left their forty-eight foot boat, moving silently into the darkness. The men quickly covered about three miles into the interior of the hostile province. They entered a supposedly secure facility and seized fifteen containers of explosives before the enemy was even aware of their presence. This “special operation” could have been the SEALs’ effort to prevent the destruction of Iraq’s vital oil infrastructure at Umm Qasr on 20 March 2003. Or it could have been the opening phase of Operation Jackstay in Vietnam’s Rung Sat Special Zone on 26 March 1966. But it wasn’t. It was a surprise raid on the colonial magazine in Williamsburg – the opening engagement of the Revolutionary War in the southern Chesapeake theater. The War for American Independence began in Virginia eight days before word of the fighting at Lexington and Concord even reached the Old Dominion. At three o’clock in the morning of 21 April 1775, seamen from His Majesty’s Schooner Magdalen, moored abreast Burwell’s ferry on the James River, went into the center of Williamsburg to remove the patriots’ gunpowder from the colonial magazine.1 The men were acting on the orders of John Murray, fourth earl of Dunmore and the last royal governor of Virginia. -
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Of
COLONIAL REBELLIONS AND NEW NATION INSURGENCIES: VIOLENCE, UPRISINGS, AND THE GENESIS OF ANGLO-AMERICAN MARTIAL IDEOLOGY, 16OO-1800 by NICHOLAS BYRON BROWNING Bachelor of Arts, 2007 University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of AddRan College of Liberal Arts Texas Christian U niversity in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts May, 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS t. [. il Chapter One: English Military Tradition, Trans-Atlantic Transmission, and Application in Early American Seftlement...... ............................,.. 11 IV Chapter Two: Ripening Unrest, American Apathy, and Continental Conflict....... 41 Chapter Three: Rebellion as Revolution, A Contentious Army, and New lnsurgencies 73 Vl. Conclusion 108 Vll. Bibliography 119 I LIST OF FIGURES 7. The Mossocre of the Settlers, 1634...... ..23 2. The Mystic Fort Massacre, 1638 .30 3. The Bloody Mossocre, 7770 .. 83 t lntroduction ln the waning years of the eighteenth century, civil disobedience in eastern Pennsylvania framed as "Fries's Rebellion" and looming conflict with France coalesced into a national emergency that provided Hamiltonian Federalists justification for creating the United States'first standing army.l Although Americans had beheld before a professional military force operate within its borders, never had they fully accepted one during peacetime.2 When the creation of the Provisional Army is viewed within the limited context ofthe interval between the end ofthe Revolution and the end ofthe century, little seems out of place. During this period Americans fought the British, fought themselves through three insurgencies, and rightfully worried about a second war with a European power.3 Yet the creation of America's first standing army served as a turnint point in the young nation's development.a For nearly two centuries of colonial and Early National history, Americans held steadfastly to their inherited English martial ideology. -
Scars of Independence
SCARS OF INDEPENDENCE AMERICA’S VIOLENT BIRTH For reasons of space, a bibliography could not be included in the book. This document contains the archival and printed sources, and the secondary literature, cited in Scars of Independence. © Holger Hoock 2017 – Scars of Independence: America’s Violent Birth (New York, 2017) – Bibliography I. Archives Beinecke Library, Yale University Guy Johnson Papers Moses Young’s Account of Himself British Library, London Add MS 14039 21599 21680 21697 21714 21779 21825 34415–18 46491 61864 IOR/E/4/623/148, 148; IOR/E/44/867/76–78, 349. William L. Clements Library, Ann Arbor, MI Henry Addison Papers John Adlum Papers Loftus Cliffe Papers Sir Henry Clinton Papers Nicholas Fish Papers Thomas Gage Papers John Greenwood Manuscripts Lord George Germain Papers Robert Howe Orderly Book William Howe Orderly Book King’s American Regiment Orderly Book William Knox Papers Frederick Mackenzie Papers Richard Oswald Collection Schoff Revolutionary War Collection Shelburne Papers Simcoe Papers Walter Stewart Papers Henry Strachey Papers Barnardus Swartwout Papers Peter Turner Letters Anthony Wayne Papers 2 © Holger Hoock 2017 – Scars of Independence: America’s Violent Birth (New York, 2017) – Bibliography David Library of the American Revolution, Washington Crossing, PA William Alexander Papers Amherst Papers Josiah Bartlett Papers Connecticut Historical Society, American Revolution Collection, 1765–1844 Draper MSS Collection Peter Force Papers Horatio Gates Papers John Hancock Papers Gen. William Heath Order Book John Paul Jones Papers New Jersey, Revolutionary War Pennsylvania. Division of Archives and Manuscripts. Records of Pennsylvania’s Revolutionary Governments, 1775–1790 Pennsylvania. Division of Archives and Manuscripts. Miscellaneous manuscripts of the Revolutionary War Era, 1771–1791 Israel Putnam Papers United States, National Archives.