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TRAFFICKING of NIGERIAN GIRLS in ITALY the Data, the Stories, the Social Services Trafficking of Nigerian Girls in Italy the Data, the Stories, the Social Services

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TRAFFICKING of NIGERIAN GIRLS in ITALY the Data, the Stories, the Social Services Trafficking of Nigerian Girls in Italy the Data, the Stories, the Social Services TRAFFICKING OF NIGERIAN GIRLS IN ITALY The Data, the Stories, the Social Services TRAFFICKING OF NIGERIAN GIRLS IN ITALY THE DATA, THE STORIES, THE SOCIAL SERVICES ROME, APRIL 2010 UNICRI Viale Maestri del Lavoro, 10 10127 Turin (Italy) www.unicri.it Copyright © UNICRI, April 2010 The views and opinions expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations and UNICRI. The designations and terminology employed may not conform to United Nations practice and do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the publishing institutions. Graphic layout and desktop publishing: Manuela Flamini, Silvia Amerio (UNICRI - Public Information Department) Trafficking of Nigerian Girls in Italy. The Data, the Stories, the Social Services April 2010 Research Team: Marusca Barberi Giuliana Candia Francesco Carchedi (Scientific Director) Antonella De Benedectis Federica Dolente (Coordinator) Alessandro Giusti Macioni Veronica Labbrozzi Alberto Mossino Elena Mezzetti Giorgia Serughetti This Report was written by F. Carchedi (Introduction, Chapters 2, 3 and 5); F. Carchedi, M. Barberi and V. Labbrozzi (Chapter 4); F. Dolente and G. Sugheretti (Chapter 6, Sections 6.2, 6.3 and, 6.4) and by F. Carchedi and F. Dolente (Chapter 7). The interviews with the Nigerian girls were carried out by F. Carchedi, A. De Benedictis, V. Labbrozzi, A. Mossino, E. Mezzetti. The Report was edited by Galya Terzi and Stephanie Near (UNICRI). Letizia Cesarini Sforza and Gregory Conti translated it into English. Acknowledgements We would like to thank all the people that were interviewed for their precious insights that enriched this Report. We also thank for their commitment and their support in clarifying some aspects of the phenomenon: Mr. Mario Palazzi, Judge and former Judicial Consultant and Director General of the Department for Equal Opportunities of the Presidency of the Council of Ministers; Ms. Vittoria Tola, Expert and former Consultant of the Department for Equal Opportunities; Maj. Guseppe Battaglia, from the Carabinieri’s Raggruppamento Operativo Speciale (ROS); Ms. Anna Bonifazi, ROS; Ms. Tiziana Terribile, Director of the Analysis Department of the Central Service of the State Police. Spe- cial thanks go to Carabinieri’s lieutenant Mr. Maurizio Oganof and to Mr. Benedetto Sbriglia, Sergeant in Chief of the Carabinieri’s Headquarters of Via Inselci, Rome, and to Mr. Roberto La Rocca, Deputy Chief of the Police Force in Venice. We also would like to thank doctor Gianni Grasso of the Associa- tion “Jerry E. Masloo” who gave us permission to directly observe the work performed in the Medical Unit. At last, we would like to thank Prof. Enrico Pugliese of the University “La Sapienza” of Rome for the final editing of this report and his important scientific input. “No experience is too lowly to be taken up in ritual and given a lofty meaning. The more personal and intimate the source of ritual symbolism, the more telling its message. The more the symbol is drawn from the common fund of human experience, the more wide and certain its reception.” (Mary Douglas, Purity and Danger, Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group) TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ................................................................................................................................1 PREFACE ......................................................................................................................................7 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................13 1.1 The subject of the survey, its objectives and sub-objectives................................................15 1.2 Methodology and design ..................................................................................................................16 2. The size of the phenomenon and the ratio between the Nigerian and the other groups. The official data on the users of social services and the estimated figures .......................................................................................................21 2.1 The most recent data ...........................................................................................................................23 2.2 Estimated figures, regional distribution and groups more involved in prostitution practices. The case of the Nigerian girls........................................................................................27 Updating the national figures ............................................................................................................................... 27 The national groups most involved in street prostitution and the size of the Nigerian groups ... 30 The incidence of minors registered in the different areas .......................................................................... 32 3. Ways of exploiting the Nigerian women ..................................................................35 3.1 The standard way of exploitation ...................................................................................................37 The four main factors .............................................................................................................................................. 37 Some reasons for the increase in the trafficking of minors ........................................................................ 39 3.2 Age and its disguises ...........................................................................................................................40 3.3 The multiple dependencies of minors ..........................................................................................43 The different dependencies ................................................................................................................................... 43 Other actors creating dependencies .................................................................................................................. 45 The standard structure of an exploitation organization ............................................................................ 47 4. Sexually exploited girls – some representative cases ..........................................51 4.1 Foreword .................................................................................................................................................53 4.2 First case – by G.A. ...............................................................................................................................54 4.3 Second case – by O.O. .........................................................................................................................55 4.4 Third case – by F.B. ...............................................................................................................................56 4.5 Fourth case – by M.M. .........................................................................................................................58 4.6 A few remarks .........................................................................................................................................59 Table of Contents i 5. Social Services and Protective Practices ...................................................................63 5.1 Street contacts and methods of detachment .............................................................................65 5.2 Initial reception and the status of the victim ..............................................................................66 5.3 Residential intervention. Cohabitation and communal relationships ...............................68 6. Social protection services. Case Studies ..................................................................73 6.1 Foreword ..................................................................................................................................................75 6.2 The service “Città e Prostituzione, Venice-Mestre” ....................................................................75 Geographical context and Nigerian prostitution ........................................................................................... 75 The main features of the minors served by the agency ............................................................................. 77 The service structure ............................................................................................................................................... 78 First contacts and social protection plans ........................................................................................................ 79 6.3 The project “Liberazione e speranza”, Novara .............................................................................79 Geographical context and Nigerian prostitution ........................................................................................... 79 The main features of the minors served by the agency ............................................................................. 80 The agency structure .............................................................................................................................................. 81 Initial contacts and social protection plans ..................................................................................................... 81 6.4 The “Jerry Essan Masloo” medical and social service agency, Castel Volturno ................82 Geographical context and Nigerian prostitution ..........................................................................................
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