DOCSLIB.ORG

Anatomical Variability of the Maxillary Artery Findings from 100 Asian Cadaveric Dissections

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Anatomical Variability of the Maxillary Artery Findings from 100 Asian Cadaveric Dissections ORIGINAL ARTICLE Anatomical Variability of the Maxillary Artery Findings From 100 Asian Cadaveric Dissections Jin Kook Kim, MD; Jae Hoon Cho, MD; Yeo-Jin Lee, MD; Chang-Hoon Kim, MD; Jung Ho Bae, MD; Jeung-Gweon Lee, MD; Joo-Heon Yoon, MD Objective: To describe the anatomical variability of the Results: The first and second sections of the maxillary ar- maxillary artery. tery most commonly traveled through the lateral aspect of the lateral pterygoid muscle, with the inferior alveolar nerve, Design: Anatomical study. lingualnerve,andbuccalnerveonthemedialsideofthemax- illary artery (61.0%). The course and branching type of the Setting: Academic institution. third section of the maxillary artery were classified into 3 patterns: loop (61.0%), bifurcated (19.0%), and straight Subjects: One hundred midsagittal sections of ran- (18.0%).Inmostcases(62.0%),thedivisionpointofthemax- domly selected adult cadaver heads with intact maxil- illary artery was located on the superior and medial thirds lary sinuses, pterygopalatine fossa, and surrounding of the posterior wall of the maxilla. structures. Conclusion: This study provides detailed information con- Main Outcome Measures: The location of the cerning the anatomical variability of the maxillary artery, proximal portion of the maxillary artery in relation to which we hope will help prevent the arterial bleeding that the lateral pterygoid muscle, the branches of the man- may occur during mandibular or maxillary osteotomy or dibular division of the trigeminal nerve, and the maxillectomy for ligation of the sphenopalatine artery. branching patterns of the third section of the maxil- lary artery. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010;136(8):813-818 HE MAXILLARY ARTERY IS THE the maxillary artery is necessary to re- largestterminalbranchofthe duce intraoperative bleeding.3,4 external carotid artery. It is The third section of the maxillary artery, divided into 3 sections based in the pterygopalatine fossa, is related to the on its relationship to the lat- maxilla and nasal cavity.2 During maxillary Teralpterygoidmuscle:(1)themandibularsec- (Le Fort I, II, or III) or midfacial osteotomy, tion, which is posterior to the lower border profuse bleeding is possible and complica- of the lateral pterygoid muscle; (2) the ptery- tionssuchaspostoperativehemorrhage,false goid section, which may take a course deep aneurysm, and arteriovenous fistula have 5-7 Author Affiliations: or superficial to the lateral pterygoid muscle; beenreported. Italsohasbeenreportedthat Department of and (3) the pterygopalatine section, which the main vessel most commonly damaged af- Otorhinolaryngology–Head and is in the pterygopalatine fossa. This artery is ter maxillectomy is the maxillary artery and Neck Surgery, Konkuk widely distributed to the mandible, maxilla, its branches. In cases of intractable posteri- University School of Medicine teeth, muscles of mastication, palate, nose, or epistaxis, if posterior nasal packing fails, (Drs J. K. Kim, Cho, and and cranial dura mater.1,2 ligation of the sphenopalatine artery (SPA) Y.-J. Lee); Department The first and second sections of the or maxillary artery is necessary.8,9 of Otorhinolaryngology maxillary artery are related to the man- Despitetheclinicalimportanceofthemax- (Drs C.-H. Kim, J.-G. Lee, and Yoon), the Airway Mucus dibular condyle and pterygoid muscle re- illary artery, reports describing it in its en- 1 Institute (Drs C.-H. Kim and gion. Therefore, internal fixation of the tirety are few because of its anatomical com- Yoon), the Research Center for condyle or subcondylar fracture of the plexityandvulnerability,especiallyinthefirst Human Natural Defense System mandible and surgical procedures such as 2sections.Withincreasinguseofendoscopic (Dr Yoon), and the BK21 mandibular osteotomy and temporoman- approaches to the pterygopalatine fossa, the Project for Medical Science dibular joint arthroplasty may induce in- recent literature has defined the anatomy of (Dr Yoon), Yonsei University tractable bleeding, which is difficult to con- thefossainrelationtoendoscopiclandmarks. College of Medicine; and trol and may recur.1 In case of bleeding that Unfortunately, consistent landmarks to lo- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ewha is difficult to control, ligation of the ex- catethevariousstructuresinthepterygopala- 10 Womans University School ternal carotid artery may be necessary. In tine fossa have not been described. of Medicine (Dr Bae), addition, during total or radical maxillec- To perform mandibular osteotomy safely Seoul, Korea. tomy, ligation of the proximal section of and to reduce intraoperative bleeding during (REPRINTED) ARCH OTOLARYNGOL HEAD NECK SURG/ VOL 136 (NO. 8), AUG 2010 WWW.ARCHOTO.COM 813 ©2010 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ on 10/02/2021 ond, the course of the third section of the maxillary ar- A B tery and its branching patterns were determined from the viewpoint of the posterior wall of the maxilla. Finally, the branching types of the maxillary artery, which are di- 8 vided into the SPA and the descending palatine artery (DPA) in the pterygopalatine fossa, were analyzed and the locations of the division points were recorded. 1 7 2 METHODS 4 3 56 One hundred midsagittal sections from adult cadaver head speci- mens with intact maxillary sinuses and surrounding struc- tures were injected with red latex through the external carotid artery. To identify the first and the second sections of the max- C D illary artery, the mandibular ramus and condyle were re- moved to expose the pterygomaxillary fissure through the lat- eral infratemporal fossa. The lateral pterygoid muscle was resected, and the maxillary artery was dissected up to the ter- minal branches in the pterygopalatine fossa. The course of the maxillary artery in relation to the lateral pterygoid muscle, in- ferior alveolar nerve, buccal nerve, and lingual nerve were re- corded. To investigate the third section of the maxillary ar- tery, the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus and the adipose tissue in the pterygopalatine fossa were removed to expose the maxillary artery under an operating microscope (original mag- nification, ϫ6). After identifying the location where the max- illary artery exited the pterygopalatine fossa, microscissors, fine forceps, and a pick were used to investigate the fine branches and to dissect up to the sphenopalatine foramen. E F FIRST AND SECOND PARTS OF THE MAXILLARY ARTERY The maxillary artery is divided into 3 main sections. We in- vestigated the courses of the first and second sections and cat- egorized their types in relation to the lateral pterygoid muscle and the mandibular nerve. BRANCHING PATTERNS OF THE THIRD SECTION OF THE MAXILLARY ARTERY We also investigated the course of the third section of the maxil- Figure 1. The 6 types of relationships of the first and second sections of the lary artery from the viewpoint of the posterior wall of the maxilla maxillary artery to the lateral pterygoid muscle and mandibular nerve. and classified its patterns in relation to the branches. The termi- A, Type A (21.0%). B, Type B (61.0%). C, Type C (7.0%). D, Type D (4.0%). E, Type E (6.0%). F, Type F (1.0%). 1 indicates lingual nerve; 2, inferior nal branches of the third section of the maxillary artery were di- alveolar nerve; 3, external carotid artery; 4, maxillary artery; 5, medial vided into the SPA and the DPA in the pterygopalatine fossa and pterygoid muscle; 6, buccinator muscle; 7, buccal nerve; and 8, lateral were classified as 1 of 5 types according to the classification by Mor- pterygoid muscle. See the “Courses of the First and Second Sections of the ton and Khan.2 We measured the distance from the highest point Maxillary Artery” subsection of the “Results” section for a description of to the lowest point of the posterior wall of the maxilla and the dis- each type. tance from the most medial point to the most lateral point. We di- vided the height and width into 3 equal lengths, thereby compart- radicalmaxillectomy,theanatomicalorientationoftheproxi- mentalizing the posterior wall of the maxilla into 9 sections. The mal section of the maxillary artery is important. To prevent terminal division point, where the maxillary artery divided into the SPA and DPA, was recorded for the imaginary 9 sections. complications after maxillary osteotomy due to bleeding, an accurate understanding is necessary of the courses of the maxillaryarteryanditsbranchesinthepterygopalatinefossa. RESULTS For ligation of the SPA in intractable cases of posterior epi- staxis, surgical landmarks in relation to the SPA in the ptery- COURSES OF THE FIRST AND SECOND gopalatine fossa are essential to otorhinolarygologists. SECTIONS OF THE MAXILLARY ARTERY Therefore, in this study we investigated the surgical anatomy of the maxillary artery. First, the courses of the We found large anatomical variations in the courses of first and second sections of the maxillary artery and their the first and second sections of the maxillary artery. A relationship to the lateral pterygoid muscle and man- total of 6 pattern types were noted around the mandible dibular nerve were studied via the lateral approach. Sec- and the pterygoid muscle (Figure 1). Twenty-one (REPRINTED) ARCH OTOLARYNGOL HEAD NECK SURG/ VOL 136 (NO. 8), AUG 2010 WWW.ARCHOTO.COM 814 ©2010 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ on 10/02/2021 A B C SPA IOA SPA IOA DPA IOA SPA DPA MA DPA PSAA PSAA MA Nasal MA PSAA
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Course of the Maxillary Artery Through the Loop Of
    Anomalous course of maxillary artery Rev Arg de Anat Clin; 2013, 5 (3): 235-239 __________________________________________________________________________________________ Case Report COURSE OF THE MAXILLARY ARTERY THROUGH THE LOOP OF THE AURICULOTEMPORAL NERVE Kavya Bhat, Sampath Madhyastha*, Balakrishnan R Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Bejai Campus, Mangalore, Manipal University, India RESUMEN INTRODUCTION Las variaciones en el curso de la arteria maxilar se describen a menudo, con sus relaciones con el Maxillary artery is one of the larger terminal músculo pterigoideo lateral. En el presente caso branches of the external carotid artery, arises informamos una variación exclusiva en el curso de la behind the neck of the mandible, within the arteria maxilar que no fue publicada antes. En un substance of the parotid gland. It then crosses cadáver masculino de 75 años arteria maxilar derecho the infratemporal fossa to enter the pterygo- estaba pasando por el bucle del nervio auriculo- palatine fossa through pterygo-maxillary fissure. temporal. La arteria meníngea media provenía de la The course of the artery is divided into three arteria maxilar con un bucle del nervio auriculo- temporal. La arteria maxilar pasaba profunda con parts by the lateral pterygoid muscle. The first respecto al nervio dentario inferior pero superficial al (mandibular) part runs horizontally, parallel to nervio lingual. El conocimiento de estas variaciones es and slightly below the auriculo-temporal nerve. importante para el cirujano y también serviría para This part of the artery runs superficial (lateral) to explicar la posible participación de estas variaciones the lower head of lateral pterygoid muscle. The en la etiología del dolor mandibular.
    [Show full text]
  • Endovascular Approach to Ruptured Sphenopalatine Artery: a Case Report and Literature Review
    J Spine Res Surg 2021; 3 (2): 037-044 DOI: 10.26502/fjsrs0028 Case Report Endovascular Approach to Ruptured Sphenopalatine Artery: A Case Report and Literature Review Ram Saha1, Abu Bakar Siddik2, Masum Rahman3, Samar Ikram3, Cecile Riviere-cazaux4, Abdullah Alamgir5, Badrul Alam Mondal6, Quazi Deen Mohammad6, Sirajee Shafiqul Islam 7* 1Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA, USA 2Department of Pain Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA 3Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, MN, USA 4Mayo Clinic Alix school of medicine, Rochester, MN, USA 5Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurosciences & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh 6Department of Neurology, National Institute of Neurosciences & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh 7Department of Interventional Neurology, National Institute of Neurosciences & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh *Corresponding Author: Dr. Sirajee Shafiqul Islam, Associate Professor, Department of Interventional Neurology, National Institute of Neurosciences & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh Received: 14 May 2021; Accepted: 25 May 2021; Published: 31 May 2021 Citation: Ram Saha, Abu Bakar Siddik, Masum Rahman, Samar Ikram, Cecile Riviere-cazaux, Abdullah Alamgir, Badrul Alam Mondal, Quazi Deen Mohammad, Sirajee Shafiqul Islam. Endovascular Approach to Ruptured Sphenopalatine Artery: A Case Report and Literature Review. Journal of Spine Research and Surgery 3 (2021): 037- 044. Abstract Epistaxis is a rare complication following the endonasal skull-base chordoma through an endonasal approach. approach of skull base surgery. Conservative methods An endovascular catheter digital subtraction angiogram like anterior and posterior nasal packing can be useful, identified the cause of epistaxis as a rupture of the left but when these fail, a neuro-interventional technique sphenopalatine artery branch of the left external carotid can be used as a last-resort measure in cases of severe artery.
    [Show full text]
  • The Facial Artery of the Dog
    Oka jimas Folia Anat. Jpn., 57(1) : 55-78, May 1980 The Facial Artery of the Dog By MOTOTSUNA IRIFUNE Department of Anatomy, Osaka Dental University, Osaka (Director: Prof. Y. Ohta) (with one textfigure and thirty-one figures in five plates) -Received for Publication, November 10, 1979- Key words: Facial artery, Dog, Plastic injection, Floor of the mouth. Summary. The course, branching and distribution territories of the facial artery of the dog were studied by the acryl plastic injection method. In general, the facial artery was found to arise from the external carotid between the points of origin of the lingual and posterior auricular arteries. It ran anteriorly above the digastric muscle and gave rise to the styloglossal, the submandibular glandular and the ptery- goid branches. The artery continued anterolaterally giving off the digastric, the inferior masseteric and the cutaneous branches. It came to the face after sending off the submental artery, which passed anteromedially, giving off the digastric and mylohyoid branches, on the medial surface of the mandible, and gave rise to the sublingual artery. The gingival, the genioglossal and sublingual plical branches arose from the vessel, while the submental artery gave off the geniohyoid branches. Posterior to the mandibular symphysis, various communications termed the sublingual arterial loop, were formed between the submental and the sublingual of both sides. They could be grouped into ten types. In the face, the facial artery gave rise to the mandibular marginal, the anterior masseteric, the inferior labial and the buccal branches, as well as the branch to the superior, and turned to the superior labial artery.
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Importance of the Middle Meningeal Artery
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Jagiellonian Univeristy Repository FOLIA MEDICA CRACOVIENSIA 41 Vol. LIII, 1, 2013: 41–46 PL ISSN 0015-5616 Przemysław Chmielewski1, Janusz skrzat1, Jerzy waloCha1 CLINICAL IMPORTANCE OF THE MIDDLE MENINGEAL ARTERY Abstract: Middle meningeal artery (MMA)is an important branch which supplies among others cranial dura mater. It directly attaches to the cranial bones (is incorporated into periosteal layer of dura mater), favors common injuries in course of head trauma. This review describes available data on the MMA considering its varability, or treats specific diseases or injuries where the course of MMA may have clinical impact. Key words: Middle meningeal artery (MMA), aneurysm of the middle meningeal artery, epidural he- matoma, anatomical variation of MMA. TOPOGRAPHY OF THE MIDDLE MENINGEAL ARTERY AND ITS BRANCHES Middle meningeal artery (MMA) [1] is most commonly the strongest branch of maxillary artery (from external carotid artery) [2]. It supplies blood to cranial dura mater, and through the numerous perforating branches it nourishes also periosteum of the inner aspect of cranial bones. It enters the middle cranial fossa through the foramen spinosum, and courses between the dura mater and the inner aspect of the vault of the skull. Next it divides into two terminal branches — frontal (anterior) which supplies blood to bones forming anterior cranial fossa and the anterior part of the middle cranial fossa; parietal branch (posterior), which runs more horizontally toward the back and supplies posterior part of the middle cranial fossa and supratentorial part of the posterior cranial fossa.
    [Show full text]
  • LETTERS to the EDITOR. Middle Cerebral Artery Tortuosity Associated
    J Neurosurg 130:1763–1788, 2019 Neurosurgical Forum LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Middle cerebral artery tortuosity tective factors against aneurysm formation.” Nevertheless, according to that explanation, it can be inferred that the associated with aneurysm incidence of aneurysms in patients with local tortuosity development should be decreased rather than increased. Therefore, it would be better for the authors to provide an in-depth ex- planation about the above results and arguments. TO THE EDITOR: We read with great interest the ar- Second, the authors stated, “There are a few rare ge- ticle by Kliś et al.2 (Kliś KM, Krzyżewski RM, Kwinta netic syndromes that are linked to the presence of vessel BM, et al: Computer-aided analysis of middle cerebral tortuosity, such as artery tortuosity syndrome or Loeys- artery tortuosity: association with aneurysm develop- Dietz syndrome.” The genetic syndromes they mention ment. J Neurosurg [epub ahead of print May 18, 2018; are systemic lesions involving multiple parts of vessels DOI: 10.3171/2017.12.JNS172114]). The authors conclude of the body and therefore often involve multiple intracra- that “an increased deviation of the middle cerebral artery nial aneurysms.1,3,5 However, this article did not provide (MCA) from a straight axis (described by relative length detailed information on the characteristics of intracranial [RL]), a decreased sum of all MCA angles (described by aneurysms, for example, the incidence of multiple aneu- sum of angle metrics [SOAM]), a local increase of the rysms, the specific sites of the MCA aneurysms (M1, M2, MCA angle heterogeneity, and an increase in changes in M3, M4), and the size of the aneurysms, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Notably the Posterior Cerebral Artery, Do Not Develop Fully Until the Embryo
    THE EMBRYOLOGY OF THE ARTERIES OF THE BRAIN Arris and Gale Lecture delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England on 27th February 1962 by D. B. Moffat, M.D., F.R.C.S. Senior Lecturer in Anatomy, University College, Cardiff A LITTLE OVER 300 years ago, Edward Arris donated to the Company of Barbers and Surgeons a sum of money " upon condicion that a humane Body be once in every yeare hearafter publiquely dissected and six lectures thereupon read in this Hall if it may be had with conveniency, and the Charges to be borne by this Company ". Some years later, Dr. Gale left an annuity to the Company for a similar purpose and it is interesting to note that the first Gale lecturer was a Dr. Havers, whose name is still associated with the Haversian canals in bone. The study of anatomy has changed in many ways since those days and it must be a long time since an Arris and Gale lecturer actually took his text from the cadaver. However, in deference to the wishes of our benefactors, I should like at least to com- mence this lecture by showing you part of a dissection (Fig. 1) which a colleague, Dr. E. D. Morris, and I prepared some years ago for use in an oral examination. We found that in this subject the left internal carotid artery in the neck gave off a. large branch which passed upwards and back- wards to enter the skull through the hypoglossal canal. In the posterior cranial fossa this artery looped caudally and then passed forwards in the midline to form the basilar artery which was joined by a pair of very small vertebral arteries.
    [Show full text]
  • Parts of the Body 1) Head – Caput, Capitus 2) Skull- Cranium Cephalic- Toward the Skull Caudal- Toward the Tail Rostral- Toward the Nose 3) Collum (Pl
    BIO 3330 Advanced Human Cadaver Anatomy Instructor: Dr. Jeff Simpson Department of Biology Metropolitan State College of Denver 1 PARTS OF THE BODY 1) HEAD – CAPUT, CAPITUS 2) SKULL- CRANIUM CEPHALIC- TOWARD THE SKULL CAUDAL- TOWARD THE TAIL ROSTRAL- TOWARD THE NOSE 3) COLLUM (PL. COLLI), CERVIX 4) TRUNK- THORAX, CHEST 5) ABDOMEN- AREA BETWEEN THE DIAPHRAGM AND THE HIP BONES 6) PELVIS- AREA BETWEEN OS COXAS EXTREMITIES -UPPER 1) SHOULDER GIRDLE - SCAPULA, CLAVICLE 2) BRACHIUM - ARM 3) ANTEBRACHIUM -FOREARM 4) CUBITAL FOSSA 6) METACARPALS 7) PHALANGES 2 Lower Extremities Pelvis Os Coxae (2) Inominant Bones Sacrum Coccyx Terms of Position and Direction Anatomical Position Body Erect, head, eyes and toes facing forward. Limbs at side, palms facing forward Anterior-ventral Posterior-dorsal Superficial Deep Internal/external Vertical & horizontal- refer to the body in the standing position Lateral/ medial Superior/inferior Ipsilateral Contralateral Planes of the Body Median-cuts the body into left and right halves Sagittal- parallel to median Frontal (Coronal)- divides the body into front and back halves 3 Horizontal(transverse)- cuts the body into upper and lower portions Positions of the Body Proximal Distal Limbs Radial Ulnar Tibial Fibular Foot Dorsum Plantar Hallicus HAND Dorsum- back of hand Palmar (volar)- palm side Pollicus Index finger Middle finger Ring finger Pinky finger TERMS OF MOVEMENT 1) FLEXION: DECREASE ANGLE BETWEEN TWO BONES OF A JOINT 2) EXTENSION: INCREASE ANGLE BETWEEN TWO BONES OF A JOINT 3) ADDUCTION: TOWARDS MIDLINE
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomical Study of Nutrient Vessels in the Condylar Neck Accessory Foramina
    Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-019-02304-w ORIGINAL ARTICLE Endosteal blood supply of the mandible: anatomical study of nutrient vessels in the condylar neck accessory foramina Matthieu Olivetto1 · Jérémie Bettoni1 · Jérôme Duisit2,3 · Louis Chenin4 · Jebrane Bouaoud1 · Stéphanie Dakpé1,5 · Bernard Devauchelle1,5 · Benoît Lengelé2,3 Received: 23 December 2018 / Accepted: 12 August 2019 © Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract Purpose In the mandible, the condylar neck vascularization is commonly described as mainly periosteal; while the endosteal contribution is still debated, with very limited anatomical studies. Previous works have shown the contribution of nutrient vessels through accessory foramina and their contribution in the blood supply of other parts of the mandible. Our aim was to study the condylar neck’s blood supply from nutrient foramina. Methods Six latex-injected heads were dissected and two hundred mandibular condyles were observed on dry mandi- bles searching for accessory bone foramina. Results Latex-injected dissections showed a direct condylar medular arterial supply through foramina. On dry mandi- bles, these foramina were most frequently observed in the pterygoid fovea in 91% of cases. However, two other accessory foramina areas were identifed on the lateral and medial sides of the mandibular condylar process, confrming the vascular contribution of transverse facial and maxillary arteries. Conclusions The maxillary artery indeed provided both endosteal and periosteal blood supply to the condylar neck, with three diferent branches: an intramedullary ascending artery (arising from the inferior alveolar artery), a direct nutrient branch and some pterygoid osteomuscular branches. Keywords Condylar neck · Mandibular condyle · Mandible blood supply · Arterial vascularization · Maxillary artery Introduction condylar neck blood supply is still debated and has been poorly studied.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomy of the Ophthalmic Artery: Embryological Consideration
    REVIEW ARTICLE doi: 10.2176/nmc.ra.2015-0324 Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 56, 585–591, 2016 Online June 8, 2016 Anatomy of the Ophthalmic Artery: Embryological Consideration Naoki TOMA1 1Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan Abstract There are considerable variations in the anatomy of the human ophthalmic artery (OphA), such as anom- alous origins of the OphA and anastomoses between the OphA and the adjacent arteries. These anatomi- cal variations seem to attribute to complex embryology of the OphA. In human embryos and fetuses, primitive dorsal and ventral ophthalmic arteries (PDOphA and PVOphA) form the ocular branches, and the supraorbital division of the stapedial artery forms the orbital branches of the OphA, and then numerous anastomoses between the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the external carotid artery (ECA) systems emerge in connection with the OphA. These developmental processes can produce anatomical variations of the OphA, and we should notice these variations for neurosurgical and neurointerventional procedures. Key words: ophthalmic artery, anatomy, embryology, stapedial artery, primitive maxillary artery Introduction is to elucidate the anatomical variation of the OphA from the embryological viewpoint. The ophthalmic artery (OphA) consists of ocular and orbital branches. The ocular branches contribute to Embryology and Anatomy the blood supply of the optic apparatus, namely, the of the OphA optic nerve and the retina, and the orbital branches supply the optic adnexae, such
    [Show full text]
  • Dissertation on an OBSERVATIONAL STUDY COMPARING the EFFECT of SPHENOPALATINE ARTERY BLOCK on BLEEDING in ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGE
    Dissertation On AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY COMPARING THE EFFECT OF SPHENOPALATINE ARTERY BLOCK ON BLEEDING IN ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGERY Dissertation submitted to TAMIL NADU DR. M.G.R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY CHENNAI For M.S.BRANCH IV (OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY) Under the guidance of DR. F ANTHONY IRUDHAYARAJAN, M.S., D.L.O Professor & HOD, Department of ENT & Head and Neck Surgery, Govt. Stanley Medical College, Chennai. GOVERNMENT STANLEY MEDICAL COLLEGE THE TAMILNADU DR. M.G.R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI-32, TAMILNADU APRIL 2017 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that this dissertation titled AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY COMPARING THE EFFECT OF SPHENOPALATINE ARTERY BLOCK ON BLEEDING IN ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGERY is the original and bonafide work done by Dr. NIGIL SREEDHARAN under the guidance of Prof Dr F ANTHONY IRUDHAYARAJAN, M.S., DLO Professor & HOD, Department of ENT & Head and Neck Surgery at the Government Stanley Medical College & Hospital, Chennai – 600 001, during the tenure of his course in M.S. ENT from July-2014 to April- 2017 held under the regulation of the Tamilnadu Dr. M.G.R Medical University, Guindy, Chennai – 600 032. Prof Dr F Anthony Irudhayarajan, M.S., DLO Place : Chennai Professor & HOD, Date : .10.2016 Department of ENT & Head and Neck Surgery Government Stanley Medical College & Hospital, Chennai – 600 001. Dr. Isaac Christian Moses M.D, FICP, FACP Place: Chennai Dean, Date : .10.2016 Govt.Stanley Medical College, Chennai – 600 001. CERTIFICATE BY THE GUIDE This is to certify that this dissertation titled “AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY COMPARING THE EFFECT OF SPHENOPALATINE ARTERY BLOCK ON BLEEDING IN ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGERY” is the original and bonafide work done by Dr NIGIL SREEDHARAN under my guidance and supervision at the Government Stanley Medical College & Hospital, Chennai – 600001, during the tenure of his course in M.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Axis Scientific Human Circulatory System 1/2 Life Size A-105864
    Axis Scientific Human Circulatory System 1/2 Life Size A-105864 05. Superior Vena Cava 13. Ascending Aorta 21. Hepatic Vein 28. Celiac Trunk II. Lung 09. Pulmonary Trunk 19. Common III. Spleen Hepatic Artery 10. Pulmonary 15. Pulmonary Artery 17. Splenic Artery (Semilunar) Valve 20. Portal Vein 03. Left Atrium 18. Splenic Vein 01. Right Atrium 16. Pulmonary Vein 26. Superior 24. Superior 02. Right Ventricle Mesenteric Vein Mesenteric Artery 11. Supraventricular Crest 07. Interatrial Septum 22. Renal Artery 27. Inferior 14. Aortic (Semilunar) Valve Mesenteric Vein 08. Tricuspid (Right 23. Renal Vein 12. Mitral (Left Atrioventricular) Valve VI. Large Intestine Atrioventricular) Valve 29. Testicular / 30. Common Iliac Artery Ovarian Artery 32. Internal Iliac Artery 25. Inferior 31. External Iliac Artery Mesenteric Artery 33. Median Sacral Artery 41. Posterior Auricular Artery 57. Deep Palmar Arch 40. Occipital Artery 43. Superficial Temporal Artery 58. Dorsal Venous Arch 36. External Carotid Artery 42. Maxillary Artery 56. Superficial Palmar Arch 35. Internal Carotid Artery 44. Internal Jugular Vein 39. Facial Artery 45. External Jugular Vein 38. Lingual Artery and Vein 63. Deep Femoral Artery 34. Common Carotid Artery 37. Superior Thyroid Artery 62. Femoral Artery 48. Thyrocervical Trunk 49. Inferior Thyroid Artery 47. Subclavian Artery 69. Great Saphenous Vein 46. Subclavian Vein I. Heart 51. Thoracoacromial II. Lung Artery 64. Popliteal Artery 50. Axillary Artery 03. Left Atrium 01. Right Atrium 04. Left Ventricle 02. Right Ventricle 65. Posterior Tibial Artery 52. Brachial Artery 66. Anterior Tibial Artery 53. Deep Brachial VII. Descending Artery Aorta 70. Small Saphenous Vein IV. Liver 59.
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Anatomy of the Maxillary Artery
    Okajimas CnlinicalFolia Anat. Anatomy Jpn., 87 of(4): the 155–164, Maxillary February, Artery 2011155 Clinical Anatomy of the Maxillary Artery By Ippei OTAKE1, Ikuo KAGEYAMA2 and Izumi MATAGA3 1 Department of Oral and Maxilofacial Surgery, Osaka General Medical Center (Chief: ISHIHARA Osamu) 2 Department of Anatomy I, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Nippon Dental University (Chief: Prof. KAGEYAMA Ikuo) 3 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Nippon Dental University (Chief: Prof. MATAGA Izumi) –Received for Publication, August 26, 2010– Key Words: Maxillary artery, running pattern of maxillary artery, intraarterial chemotherapy, inner diameter of vessels Summary: The Maxillary artery is a component of the terminal branch of external carotid artery and distributes the blood flow to upper and lower jawbones and to the deep facial portions. It is thus considered to be a blood vessel which supports both hard and soft tissues in the maxillofacial region. The maxillary artery is important for bleeding control during operation or superselective intra-arterial chemotherapy for head and neck cancers. The diagnosis and treatment for diseases appearing in the maxillary artery-dominating region are routinely performed based on image findings such as CT, MRI and angiography. However, validations of anatomical knowledge regarding the Maxillary artery to be used as a basis of image diagnosis are not yet adequate. In the present study, therefore, the running pattern of maxillary artery as well as the type of each branching pattern was observed by using 28 sides from 15 Japanese cadavers. In addition, we also took measurements of the distance between the bifurcation and the origin of the maxillary artery and the inner diameter of vessels.
    [Show full text]