AUGUST 2, 1974 25 CENTS' VOLUME 38/NUMBER 30

A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY/PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE

Cygrus coug backfires • I • u

Athenians express ioy at end of military dictatorship. For news and analysis on develop­ ments in Greece and Cyprus, see page 10. FBI records on socialists subpoenaed

Lnn-u:~in_ treasurer gn Committee, testifies before Minnesota Ethics Commission. See pages - 3, 4, and 5. in Minnesota In Brief

HUSTON ORDERED TO REVEAL TARGETS OF 1970 For example, presidential directives dealing with major SPY PLAN: Former White House aide Tom Huston is steps in the U.S. aggression in Southeast Asia are m'issing. one of the defendants in a suit against government The gap was discovered by the Senate Special Committee THIS harassment filed last October by antiwar activist Jane on the Termination of the National Emergency. Fonda. When Huston gave a pretrial deposition to Fonda's A comparison of the Pentagon papers to the Federal attorney recently, he refused to provide certain informa­ Register showed that key presidential directives regard­ WEEK'S tion, including the names of groups and individuals who ing Vietnam were missing. The same is true with the were targets of the 1970 secret spy plan he authored. more recently disclosed secret B-52 raids on Cambodia MILITANT On July 23 U. S. District Court Judge Malcolm Lucas in 1969. 5 6;000 at rally back Ky. ruled that Huston must turn over this information within Rather than list their directives in the register, presidents 30 days, or refuse to do so on the grounds of "executive have taken to simply calling the directives by other names. miners privilege." For example, "national security action memoranda" has 6 Documents from Nixon's A heavily censored version of the Huston plan has often been used to keep presidential orders secret 1970 secret spy plan been released by the House Judiciary Committee as part 8 Behind rulers' impeach­ of its impeachment evidence (see page 6). The plan called MARUUANA ARRESTS UP: While the crooks and po­ ment 'solution' to Water­ for stepping up illegal attacks on antiwar, Black, and litical sclim of Nixon's Watergate gang receive mild taps socialist groups, through intensified use ofburglary, police on their wrists for attacking democratic rights, hundreds gate inftltration, wiretapping, and mail tampering. of thousands of people are being arrested for smoking 15 Boudin: target of gov't pot. smear IRS SUED FOR HARASSMENT: The Black Panther Figures compiled for the FBI Uniform Crime Report 16 Why UFW should solidar­ Party has ffied suit against the Internal Revenue Service show that 420,700 people were arrested on marijuana ize with undocumented and the First Enterprise Bank for harassing members and charges in 1973. This was a 43 percent increase over workers fmancial supporters of the party. the 292,179 arrested in 1972. On May 14 the IRS delivered a summons to the First California led the way with 95,110 arrests-one-fourth 17 New support for anti­ Enterprise Bank asking for all records in the name of of the felony arrests in the state! deportation action Huey P. Newton or the Black Panther Party Community 18 Strikes spread across Programs, reports the June 22 Black Panther. The Pan­ CHICAGO WOMEN PUSH TO END JOB DISCRIMI­ country ther suit points to the fact that Newton is on Nixon's NATION: Militant correspondent Jeanne FitzMaurice re­ 20 Why Liberals were re­ enemies list and that the FBI's "disruption program" ports that more than 100 people attended a hearing in Chicago recently on discrimination against women in elected in Canada was used against Black organizations to show that gov­ ernment agencies such as the IRS have conspired to deny the insurance industry. The hearing was held by the Illi­ 21 Wounded Knee judge the Black Panther Party its democratic rights. nois Insurance Law Study Commission at the urging of jails defense attorney The Public Citizen's Tax Research Group, an organiza­ Women Employed, (WE), an organization of women work­ 22 YSA leaders discuss stu­ tion associated with Ralph Nader, is also suing the IRS. ing in Chicago's downtown area. dent mov't The tax group is demanding all memos and documents At ·the hearing women described their personal encoun­ 24 N.Y. socialists plan ballot relating to the IRS's "Special Services Staff," which was ters with unfair job treatment and demanded that com­ set up in 1969 to harass White Houseenemies and political panies comply with equal opportunity laws. Women spoke drive organizations. Although the staff was supposedly . dis­ of being hired for jobs below their experience and edu­ 25 Stalinists for 'discipline' banded last August, IRS harassment of Black groups, cation,· being paid less than men doing the same work, in Portugal socialists, and other political organizations continues. and being denied promotions. 28 'labor Committee' joins WE presented recommendations directed at the Fair forces with cops Employment Practices Commission, including a proposal that the FEPC require all insurance companies to have 29 Frelimo advances; colo­ If you subscribe to The Militant and plan to move affirmative:action plans for upgrading women workers. nial troops 'war-weary' soon, don't forget that the post oHice does not for­ ward newspapers. Send your old address label WE also proposed that maternity be treated as any other dis_!:tbility covered by insurance. 2 In Brief and your new address into The Militant business before 12 In Our Opinion office at least two weeks you move to ensure COURT RULES QUAKERS NOT 'DECEPTIVE' Letters that you will not miss any issues. ENOUGH: Lyle and Sue Snider'were convicted in 1972 of giving their employer "false or fraudulent" tax in­ 13 Women in Revolt formation. The two anti-Vietnam war Quakershadclaimed La Raza en Accion ANOTHER CITY PASSES GAY RIGHTS BILL: The three billion exemptions on their W-4 form because of 14 Great Society city council in St. Paul, Minn., passed an amendment "our responsibility to our three billion fellow human beings By Any Means Necessary to the local human rights ordinance July 16 prohibiting all over the world." The Fourth Circuit appeals court National Picket Line discrimination against homosexuals. In a 5-to-1 decision, has just recently overturned the conviction, calling the the council said that the rights of equal opportunity in 26 In Review Sniders' action "symbolic speech." employment, education, housing, and public accommoda­ The appeals court said "a claim of 'three billion' could tion applies to all regardless of "affectional or sexual deceive no one. It is purely symbolic." The court also preference." threw out 16 contempt citations against the Quakers for Similar gay rights legislation has been passed in four not rising when the trial judge entered or left the court­ other major cities-Washington, D. C.; Seattle; Detroit; room. -NORMAN OLIVER and Minneapolis.

BOSTON RALLY SUPPORTS UKRAINIAN DIS­ SIDENT: A picket line and rally of more than 150 peo­ THE MILITANT ple was held at· Government Center in Boston July 16 YOUR FIRST VOLUME 38/NUMBER 30 to express solidarity with Valentyn Moroz, a Soviet dis­ AUGUST2, 1974 sident. A Ukrainian intellectual, Moroz is serving a nine­ ISSUE? CLOSING NEWS DATE-JULY 24, 1974 year prison sentence for speaking out in defense of Ukrain­ ian national rights. Editor: MARY-ALICE WATERS Moroz, who is very ill, went on a hunger strike July Business Manager: SHARON CABANISS 1, demanding a transfer to a labor camp, where condi­ Southwest Bureau: HARRY RING tions would be more humane. SUBSCRIBE Published weekly by The Militant Publishing Ass'n., At the picket line, sponsored by the Boston Committee 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. Telephone: Against Repression in the Soviet Union, a petition de­ TO THE Editorial Office (212) 243-6392; Business Office (212) manding Moroz's release was circulated and many signa­ 929-3486. Southwest Bureau: 710 S. Westlake Ave., Las Angeles, Calif. 90057. Telephone: (213) 4B3-2798. tures were collected. Speakers at the rally were Aleksandr Yesenin-Volpin, MILITAIT. Correspondence concerning subscriptions or chonges The 1970 Huston spy plan to bug, infiltrate, and burglarize of oddress should be oddressed to The MilitontBusiness an exiled Soviet dissident; George Saunders, editor of radical groups-who were its targets? The Militant is re­ Office, 14 Chorles Lone, New York, N.Y. 10014. Samizdat: Voices of the Soviet Opposition; Roman Kup­ Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. Sub­ printing the original documents of this secret plan now chinsky, speaking for the New York Committee to Defend scriptions: domestic, $5 a year; foreign, $8.50. By first­ -don't miss an issue! class mail: domestic, Canada, and Mexico, S30; all Soviet Political Prisoners; Karel Kovanda, a leader of the other countries, $51. By airmail: domestic, Canada, Czech student movement in 1968; and Kendall Green, of and Mexico, 540. By air printed matter: Central the American Coalition Against Repression in the Soviet Introductory ollar-S1/3months America and Caribbean, S38; Mediterranean Africa, ( ) $J for three months of The Militant. Union and Eastern Europe. Eu rape, and South America, >50; USSR, Asia, Pacific, .( ) $2 for three of The Militant and three months The Boston committee plans another action on Nov. mo~ths and Africa, $60. Write far foreign sealed air postage of the International Socialist Review. rntes. 27 in defense of two Czech dissidents now in prison, Jaro­ ( ) $5 for one year of The Militant Far subscriptions airmailed from New York and then slav Sabata and Jiri Muller. posted from London directly to Britain, Ireland, and ( ) New ( ) Renewal Continental Europe: LI for eight issues, L2.50 for six months, L5 for one year. Send banker's draft or in­ GAPS IN GOVERNMENT RECORD: Ever since its pas­ NAME------ternational postal order (payable to Pathfinder Press) sage in 1935, the Federal Register Act has required that ADDRESS------to Pathfinder Press, 47 The Cut, London, SE 1 8LL, CITY ______STATE------ZIP----- England. Inquire for afr rates from London at the all presidential proclamations and executive orders be same address. published in the Federal Register. Now it has been dis­ 14 Charles lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily covered that there are gaps in the record. represent The Militont's views. These are expressed in edi Ioria Is.

2 SWP refuses to list contributors . . Board subpoenas FBI to answer harassment charges by socialists By FRANK BOEHM "And now, after doing this to us, ST. PAUL, Minn.- The Minnesota they say that we have to help them by State Ethics Commission, in an un­ submitting new lists of people to ha­ precedented action, voted July 23 to rass and new addresses to burglarize! subpoena top officials of the police We refuse to submit names until this and the FBI to answer charges of practice ends." harassment and illegal spying on Maceo Dixon, who testified next, de­ members and supporters of the So­ scribed the FBI's COINTELPRO cialist Workers Party. ("Counterintelligence program") pro­ The ruling came at a hearing held gram aimed at Black groups and rad­ to determine whether or not the So­ ical organizations, and described in cialist Workers campaign committee detail the pattern of harassment that in Minnesota should be exempted from supporters and members of the SWP the disclosure provisions of the new have been subjected to. He told of the state campaign financing law. government's own admission that it The commission decided to grant the had been conducting electronic sur­ socialists' motion for the subpoenas veillance of the SWP for 30 years, after listening to extensive testimony. and that it has maintained a "mail The evidence heard proves that the cover" on the SWP's national head­ government carries out a sweeping quarters in New York City. policy of surveillance and attempted Jane Van Deusen also provided the intimidation against supporters of the commission with specific instances of SWP, using such tactics as burglary, government attempts to intimidate her mail tampering, job discrimination, ~ supporters. She told of one donor to and other illegal acts. Testifying before Minnesota ethics board, Socialist Workers Party spokesman Maceo the SWP campaigns in Minneapolis Peter Camejo, treasurer of the SWP's Dixon shows commissioners documents on FBI disruption of SWP and Black groups. . who had decided to give only $90 national campaign committee, testified To force socialists to turn over list of contributors, Dixon explained, would subject this year, since if she gave more than that the committee could not turn over ·SWP supporters to government attacks. $100, her name would have to be to the state names and addresses of turned over to the government. contributors because such information Van Deusen went on to outline a would only facilitate government ha­ the case. Among those present were Cuba and on integration. On Cuba, history of illegal surveillance and at­ rassment of the individuals listed. 'We Dennis Banks, a leader of the Ameri­ our position has simply been that, as tempts at intimidation that have oc­ intend to protect our contributors as can Indian Movement, and William in Vietnam, we oppose the invasion of curred in Minnesota in recent yeB.rf best we can," Camejo declared. Kunstler and Mark Lane, defense at­ these countries by the United States (See page 5 ). torneys in the Wounded Knee trial government. We participated very ac­ The presentation of witnesses on be­ Maior victory in progress here. tively in the campaign to win the right half of the campaign committee will "The commission's subpoenas repre­ The commission heard several of Black people to vote and to end continue when the commission re­ sent an important victory in the cam­ hours of testimony from Camejo, Van segregation. Certainly there is nothing sumes its hearing July 30. paign of the SWP and other victims Deusen, and from Maceo Dixon, co­ 'illegal' about these views. Many, if At its session on Aug 1, the com­ of Watergate-style police tactics to un­ chairman of the national campaign not most, Americans would now agree mission is scheduled to hear the tes­ cover and put a halt to the illegal committee. with us on these questions. timony from the police and FBI and and unconstitutional operations The six commissioners listened as "But the FBI refers to these politi­ examine the documents they have been against the opponents of government Douglas Hall, attorney for the cam­ cal activities as justifications for their directed to produce. The Minneapolis policies," declared Jane Van Deusen, paign committee, questioned the SWP plan to 'disrupt' our party. In essence Star reported July 24 that "Commis­ the SWP's nominee for governor of leaders. what is involved here is persecution sion members said the heads of po­ Minnesota. 'We are requesting this exemption," for our views. There is no indication lice agencies subpoenaed would be The cops and FBI agents will be Camejo explained, 'because we can­ that the FBI believes that any law is asked about any possible surveillance ordered to appear at a hearing Aug. not meet the requirement of submit­ being violated by us. Yet they target and harassment of the party in re­ 1 at 6:30 p.m. They will be cross­ ting the names of our contributors us for a special 'Disruption Program.'" cent years." examined by attorneys for the social­ without violating their constitutional However, the Star said, 'in separate ist campaign committee. rights and the rights of our party and Watergate interviews, spokesmen for the Minnea­ . The commission also voted to sub­ our candidates. "It is ironic," Camejo added, "that polis Police Department and the Min­ poena files on political surveillance "Unlike the Democrats and Repub­ at this very moment that we are hav­ neapolis office of the FBI denied that maintained by the police agencies. licans, our party faces systematic, il­ ing this hearing the entire country is they had · harassed members of the Those named in the subpoenas are legal harassment and spying by the faced with the possibility of the im­ Socialist Workers Party. the following: FBI and city and state police. Indi­ peachment of the president of the Unit­ "Asked about the disruption pro­ The agent in charge of the Minne­ viduals who support our campaigns ed States, in a case that began around gram the FBI has admitted using sota office of the FBI; the chiefs of are considered fair game for attempts a break-in at the Democratic Party against the party, an FBI agent said police of Minneapolis and St. Paul; at intimidation under the FBI's ad­ campaign headquarters. he did not know about other FBI the sherriffs of Hennepin and Ram­ mitted program of 'disruption' of our "The majority of people believe that districts but no disruptions had been sey counties; the head of the 525th party." it was illegal to break into the Wa­ carried out against socialists in Min­ Military Intelligence Group at Fort Camejo explained that the socialists tergate, but this is exactly what is neapolis," the paper said. Snelling; and officials from the state are refusing to comply with the federal being done to us. At this very mo­ "We will show at the hearings next highway patrol, the state crime bu­ disclosure law and with the various ment, this disruption policy, which the week," said VanDeusen, "that these de­ reau, and the University of Minne­ state laws. The American Civil Liber­ vast majority of the people abhor, is nials are about as credible as Nixon's sota police department. ties Union is representing the com­ being applied to the SWP and its cam­ proclamations of innocence about Wa­ The FBI and local cops may try mittees in their challenge to the federal paign committees around the country. tergate." to have the subpoenas quashed in or­ law. der to avoid having to answer ques­ tions in public about their illegal prac­ 'SWP Disruption Program' tices. If they adopt this tactic, attor­ Reading from the recently released neys for the socialists are prepared to text of the 1970 secret spy plan, and An appeal for support fight in the courts to have the sub­ from the FBI's "SWP Disruption Pro­ poenas enforced. gram," Camejo explained that they The Socialist Workers Campaign headquarters at 25 University Ave. constitute a blueprint for political re­ Committee is stepping up its cam­ S.E., Mpls., Minn. 55414. pression. paign to gather statements of sup­ The commission has set two dates Campaign 'reform' law Initiated in 1961, the "SWP Disrup­ port in its fight for exemption from for further hearings: Tuesday, July The July 23 hearing was held to ex­ tion Program" stated that the SWP the disclosure provisions of the Min­ 30, and Thursday, Aug. 1. Both amine the SWP's contention that its "has, over the past several years, been nesota campaign "reform" law. hearings are set for 6:30 p.m. in campaign committee falls under the openly espousing its line on a local Prominent individuals and organi­ Room 107 at the state capitol in exemption section of the state's new and national basis through running zations concerned about this crucial St. Paul. Leaders of the socialist law. This section provides for exemp­ candidates for public office and strong­ fight for democratic rights are be­ campaign committee are urging tion from the disclosure requirement ly directing and/or supporting such ing asked to make their views that all Minnesota supporters of the if such disclosure would subject con­ causes as Castro's Cuba and integra­ known to the Minnesota State Eth­ campaign, as well as supporters of tributors "to economic reprisals, loss tion problems arising in the ics Commission by telegram. the exemption fight, turn out for the of employment, or threat of physical South.... " hearing as a demonstration of sup­ coercion." "The 'line' the FBI is referring to," Messages should be sent to the port. Nearly 100 supporters of the social­ Camejo said, "is, of course, the pro­ commission, 74 State Office Build­ For further information in the ists' appeal for the exemption jammed gram we run on. The FBI amazing­ ing, St. Paul, Minn. 55155, with Twin Cities, call the SWP campaign the hearing room at the state capitol ly refers to two of the reasons for a copy to the socialist campaign headquarters, (612) 332-7781. here to listen to the presentation of disrupting us as our positions on

THE MILITANT/ AUGUST 2, 1974 3 St. Paul Mpls. rally launches fight for editorial exemption from disclosure law MINNEAPOLIS- Leaders of the So­ port were read to the meeting from a takes up cialist Workers Campaign Committee wide range of supporters of the SWP told a rally of supporters here July 20 case. that they will refuse to comply with Avis Foley, chairwoman of the Mi­ new state and federal laws requiring nority Women's Task Force of the socialists' them to hand over the names of cam­ Minnesota Women's Political Caucus, paign contributors to the government. also spoke, declaring she backed the "Somebody has got to fight this law," campaign committee's fight for the ex­ case Peter Camejo, treasurer of the Socialist empHon. The fight being waged by the So­ Workers 1974 National Campaign Foley said that the exemption pro­ cialist Workers Campaign Com­ Committee, told the audience. "We're vided for in Minnesota's law, which mittee in Minnesota for an exemp­ standing up. They say it's the law and says a party can be 'exempted if it tion from the state's disclosure law that you have to turn in the names faces reprisal, "most certainly should has gotten a good deal of public­ and we say that law is unconstitution­ be granted the Socialist Workers ity, much of it sympathetic. Fol­ al and we won't do it." Party." lowing is an editorial, entitled Ninety people filled the SWP hall to "America needs the voice of the So­ "Danger in Disclosure," that ap­ hear Camejo; Maceo Dixon, cochair­ cialist Workers Party, which seeks t~ peared in the daily St. Paul Pioneer man of the national campaign com­ make it possible for life, liberty, and Press on July 23. mittee; and Jane Van Deusen, SWP happiness for all citizens-not just a Militant/Mark Allen candidate for governor of Minnesota. few," Foley said. An unusual provision in the new The SWP is waging a major fight Avis Foley of Women's Political Caucus Jane Van Deusen told the audience Minnesota campaign disclosure law here, mounting support for its request spoke in support of socialists' fight that the new state law serves to dis­ is being tested by the SocialistWork­ that the Minnesota State Ethics Com­ agOinst disclosure laws. courage "any other political party ers Party. mission exempt the party's campaign struggling for change from engaging The law, which requires detailed committee from disclosing the names, in independent political activity and campaign record keeping and pub­ addresses, and places of employment portance," Maceo Dixon told the rally. election campaigns." lic disclosure of the name, address, of its contributors. The party is "What's happening here," Dixon She said that the claim that· these and place of business of anyone seeking an exemption on the grounds said, "will affect the campaign against laws are going to "end big business contributing $100 or more to a that disclosure would subject its sup­ disclosure laws in states throughout control of the capitalist parties is a political party or candidate, con­ porters to -harassment by the FBI and the country. complete hoax." tains a provision allowing the State other secret police agencies of the gov­ A fund-raising speech by Dixon The Democratic and Republican Ethics Commission to exempt "any ernment. raised $850 in cash and another parties "can't be transformed into association or any of its members Camejo said thecampaigncommittee $2,300 in pledges, the largest fund instruments representing the majority or contributors if disclosure would would continue to mobilize support for collection in years by the Minneapolis of Americans-least of all by some expose any or all of them to eco­ the "constitutional right of freedom of SWP. new regulatory laws that thecapitalists nomic reprisals, loss of employ­ association, without having to give The money will help finance the Min­ them selves will enforce," Van Deus en ment, or threat of physical coer­ the government a list of all our sup­ nesota SWP campaign and the ex­ said. ci1>n." porters." penses involved in fighting to get the "This new law in effect instructs us The Socialist Workers Party has Camejo appealed for a massive, exemption. Campaign organizers said to turn over names and addresses of asked for exemption under this pro­ united display of support for the SWP that more than half the money raised our supporters who will only become vision and will present its case at in this battle, from all supporters of has already been spent to pay the new targets of unconstitutional spying a commission hearing today. The civil liberties and all opponents of cost of travel, phone bills, and litera­ and harassment. They want us to give party claims to have evidence of government harassment of those who ture and publicity in the effort to win them a ready-made enemies list," Van 50 instances of political harassment oppose its policies. exemption from the Ethics Commis­ Deusen said. of its members in Minnesota, "The fight here in Minnesota around sion. "But we refuse," Van Deusen said. ranging from police surveillance of the disclosure law is of national im- Telegrams and statements of sup- "We refuse to give them those names." meetings to loss of jobs. The result of the hearing is important nation­ ally, since some other states also have exemption provisions in their campaign disclosure laws. The campaign disclosure law was Notables back SWP exemption written in ·an attempt to prevent individuals or special interest By GREG CORNELL SWP be exempted from disclosing Georgia Civil Liberties Union; attor­ groups from making large anon­ MINNEAPOLIS- The SocialistWork­ names of financial contributors to neys Charles Garry and Howard y~ous political contributions, thus ers Campaign Committee is amassing their campaigns because of the wealth Moore; and Steve Edwards of the exerting undue influence on candi­ broad national and local support in of evidence ... that such contributors Houston, Tex., Black Panther Party. dates. The problem is that such a its drive to get exempted from the are potentially subject to government Also, Florence Isbell, Washington, law can have a chilling effect on a new state election law that forces par­ harassment." D.C., American Civil Liberties Union; person who contemplates con­ ties to reveal the names of campaign Several times on July 23, a major Buzzy Gibson, director of the Colo­ tributing to a small political party contributors. Minneapolis radio station broadcast rado Civil Liberties Union; Gertrude that is out of favor with the estab­ Endorsements of the campaign com­ an interview with Hank Fischer, state Barnstone, Women's Equity Action lished government, such as the So­ mittee's request for exemption have chairman of the Minnesota Demo­ League, Houston; and Julius Hobson, cialist Workers Party. Minnesota's cratic Farmer-Labor (DFL) central Washington, D. C., Statehood Party. legislators apparently considered committee, who backed the SWP's re­ that when they put in the exemp­ quest for exemption. Also, Leon Despres, Chicago Alder­ tion provision. Robert Chrisman, editor of Black man; Ed Sladowski, staff member, Dis­ Although Socialist Workers candi­ &holar magazine, said in a message trict 31, United Steelworkers; Neal dates have campaigned openly for to the Ethics Commission that he Bratcher, director American Federa­ public office since 1938, the party strongly backed the SWP case for ex­ tion of State, County and Municipal was designated as a subversive emption. "Until the government ceases Employees District 19, in Chicago; organization on the recently abol­ and desists from its unfair and preju­ John Hill, Chicago Alliance to End ished attorney general's list. Party dicial harassment of minority parties, Repression; Michigan State Representa­ officials, in their petition to the State it cannot demand their compliance tive Perry Bullard; Bishop Alvin Ward, Ethics Commission, are claiming with the law," Chrisman said. Cleveland; and Abe Bloom, National that there still is a "systematic and A number of Minnesota political fig­ Peace Action Coalition. sweeping official government pro­ ures have supported the socialists' re­ gram" of surveillance and harass­ quest. Among them are: Phyllis Kahn, ment against the party, and that state representative; Allan Spear, state compliance with the law's campaign senator; Earl Netwal, Minneapolis al­ disclosure requirements would help Militant/George Bosley derman; and Nellie Stone Johnson, the government intimidate potential Reverend Hosea Williams. of Metro Minnesota DFL central committee. contributors. Atlanta Southern Christian leadership Other local backers of the fight in­ The Ethics Commission has the Conference. clude University of Minnesota pro­ difficult task of balancing the pub­ lic's right to know who is making fessor Mulford Sibley; Paula Giese; · political contributions against the come from two members of Congress, Tim Campbell, a gay rights advocate; need for protecting minority politi­ Ronald Dellum s (D-C alif.) and Bella and Vincent Hawkinson, pastor of cal parties. If the Socialist Workers Abzug (D-N.Y.); Mayor Warren Wide­ Grace Lutheran Church. can convince the commission that ner of Berkeley, Calif.; Norman Mail­ Support from around the country the threat is real, the exemption er; Noam Chomsky; Gloria Steinem; has come from many prominent' fig­ provision would seem to be ap­ and Sanford Gottlieb of SANE. ures, including: Reverend Hosea Wil­ plicable. In a telegram to the Minnesota State liams, Metro Atlanta SCLC; J. L. Ethics Commission, CongressmanDel­ Ware, editor of the Atlanta Voice; Gene lums said, "I strongly urge that the Guerrero, executive director of the Congresswoman Bella Abzug

4 SWP compiles proof 6,900 a.t rally back of gov't harassment ~~t~~~~J~22 •10~.y Kentuc By GREG CORNELL unusual due to the fact that items of after 6,000 miners and supporters ral- MINNEAPOLIS- Supporters of the value had not been stolen." lied here in solidarity with the United Minnesota Socialist Workers Party e MILITARY SURVEILLANCE: Mine Workers (UMW), Kentucky Gov- have been systematically harassed by On March 4, 1970, it was disclosed ernor Wendell Ford announced he the government, police agencies, and that Lee Warren Smith, former chair- would withdraw state troopers from employers, evidence turned over to man of the Miimesota Young Socialist the picket lines at the nearby High- the .Minnesota State Ethics Commis- Alliance and a member of the Minne- splint mine. sion reveals. sota Socialist Workers Party, was in­ Ford's move represents a partial The evidence includes burglaries and cluded in a file of individuals who had victory for the UMW, which called thefts of political files, police surveil­ been under surveillance by the 113th the July 21 rally to protest police and lance, infiltration, threats of violence, Military Intelligence Group, Region V, company violence against pickets at eviction from an apartment, interro­ headquartered at Fort Snelling, Minn. Highsplint. gations, job firings, and right-wing de­ According to an official at the Uni­ Miners traveled from as far away nunciations of the SWP, encouraged versity of Minnesota, the individuals as Pennsylvania, Illinois, and Michi­ by government authorities. in the file were spied upon by agents gan to attend the rally. The featured In some 50 sworn affidavits turned who "engaged in extensive photo sur­ speakers were UMW President Arnold over to the commission, the SWP pre­ veillance on campus and would rou­ Miller, Vice- President Mike Trbovich, sents a powerful case for its request tinely follow demonstrations in un­ and Secretary-Treasurer Harry Pa­ to be exempted from a new state law marked cars, photographing persons trick. Two pickets who were recently requmng political parties to dis­ engaged in perfectly lawful activity." beaten by police flanked the speakers ARNOLD MILLER: 'United Mine Workers close their financial contributors. e SPYING ON PROTESTS: A 1971 platform. is here to stay.' Th.e Minnesota law includes a pro­ report prepared by the administration "We want a UMW contract at every vision that allows parties to be ex­ of the University of Minnesota listed mine in Kentucky," Miller told the Miller announced that he plans to empted if they can prove that "dis­ some details of spying on political rally. The UMW has been on strike call out miners for a ''memorial day" closure would expose any or all" of activists by various government agen- at Harlan County's Brookside mine strike to focus public attention on the for an entire year. Several weeks ago, Harlan County struggle and on the the strikers began picketing at the issue of mine safety. ·The UMW con­ Highsplint mine, which like the Brook­ tract allows for 10 memorial days side mine is owned by the Duke Power a year. These periods are traditional­ Company. ly .used to commemorate those killed Ford sent in· state troopers, who in .the mines. cordoned off the mine entrance and UMW representative Phil Sparks told convoyed 40 carloads of scabs into The Militant that such a strike could the mine each day. One UMW retiree last more than a day. It would focus was shot by a scab, and two other on the right of miners to organize pickets were beaten, prompting the and on the UMW's opposition to UMW protest. James Day, interim head of the U.S. Before the cops moved in, the Mining Enforcement and Safety Ad­ strikers had shut down the Highsplint ministration, who faces confirmation mine. A strike organizer told The Mili­ hearings in the U. S. Senate soon. tant that about 125 Highsplint miners Miners are fed up with "the inability had joined the strike, 'Yhile another of the federal government and the coal 75- reluctant to cross the picket lines operators to enforce safety," Sparks -went to work at other mines. It is said. expected that once the cops are re­ If Miller does call for a nationwide moved, the mine will again be closed walkout, it will give an important down. boost to the Harlan County strikers, The miners at Highsplint are rep­ as well as being a prelude to the up­ resented by the Southern Labor Union coming UMW contract negotiations Militant/Maceo (SL U), a company union that has Jane Van Deusen, Socialist Workers Party candidate for Minnesota governor, testified with the soft-coal operators. Because contracts with several other eastern the bosses are adamantly opposed to at Ethics Commission hearings on government's campaign of harassment against Kentucky and Tennessee coal opera­ her campaign supporters. the miners' wage and safety demands, tors. The Brookside miners also be­ a major strike over the contract is longed to the SL U until last July, predicted for the fall. when they voted 113 to 55 to join the contributors "to economic repris­ cies in the Twin Cities. For example, the UMW. als, loss of employment, or threat of intelligence summaries prepared by the The Brookside strike began when physical coercion." 113th Military Intelligence Group list­ Duke Power refused to recognize the By DENNIS CARMAN The evidence amply demonstrates ed a planned peace demonstration to national contract terms of the UMW, EVARTS, Ky. - The day before the that SWP members have faced and be held in Minneapolis on Oct. 31, balking at safety provisions and in­ main UMW rally in Harlan, sup­ continue to face heavy harassment. 1970. creased royalties for health and wel­ porters of the miners held another Here is a summary of some of the The SWP and YSA were prominent fare. rally here. A caravan of 60 cars ar­ affidavits of harassment submitted to in and active supporters of the coa­ Duke Power's most recent move rived for the meeting, plastered with the ethics commission, which will rule lition planning this march. Among against the Brookside strikers was to signs reading: "Solidarity with striking on the campaign committee's exemp­ those helping to compile information fire 40 of them for ''illegally" picketing mine workers," "Harlan County strikes tion request: for the military intelligence summaries · at Highsplint. Three of the 40, who again," and "No coal without control." e POLICE RAID: On May 10, 1970, were the Minneapolis police depart­ live in company-owned housing, were The contingents came from Cincin­ police raided an antiwar party for al­ ment, the Ramsey and Hennepin coun­ also served eviction notices. nati, Dayton, and Yellow Springs, legedly selling liquor. According to an ty sheriffs' offices, the Minnesota High­ 'We are putting the Harlan County Ohio; Tidewater, Va.; and Louisville FBI memo, the police called the FBI. way Patrol, the state crime bureau, coal operators on notice that the UMW and Pineville, Ky. The caravan and The memo states: "The Minneapolis the University of Minnesota police, is here to stay," Miller said at the rally was organized by the Brook­ police department advised that along and the FBI. rally. He also directed his fire at the side Mine Workers Support Committee. with beer and liquor seized were some U. S. BureAu of Mines for not en­ Three hundred people attended the pamphlets having references to the So­ e POLICE SURVEILLANCE: forcing safety regulations, and at "pol­ rally to hear the miners declare their­ cialist Workers Party and inquired if Mary Hillery, organizer of the Minne­ iticians who say they're for us, but intention to continue the strike until the FBI desired these individuals held sota Socialist Workers Party states in scab on the miners," a reference to they win. for the FBI. The Minneapolis Police an affidavit that both marked and Governor Ford. In an interview with The Militant, Department was advised that the FBI unmarked police cars have been po­ strike organizer Houston Elmore de­ did not desire the individuals arrested sitioned outside the headquarters of scribed the harassment of Brookside held for the FBI." the Socialist Workers Party in Minne­ miners. ''We've had dynamite thrown e BURGLARY: Ed Jurenas, 26, So­ apolis during the past several years. at our pickets; they've been shot at cialist Workers Party candidate for On occasion, photographs would be from the mountains and ambushed," Congress, 5th C.D., says in his af­ taken by the police of all those enter­ he said. "Those miners who live on fidavit that in January 1974, his apart­ ing the headquarters, Hillery said in company property and in company­ ment was broken into and "files of a sworn statement. The police cars owned houses have had their water a political nature had been thorough­ would usually be present at those and electricity cut off for four days ly rifled." Jurenas said in the state­ times when public meetings were tak­ at a time." ment that "the break-in struck me as ing place. STRlKE Elmore blasted the use of state troopers against pickets at Highsplint. "'Experienced, handpicked men' is what the commander of the state police called them. What he meant by that was that these men have been used Militant/Vicki Griffiths to break strikes before in other areas!"

THE MILITANT/AUGUST 2, 1974 5 Documents from 'Nixon's 1970 secret spy plan

More than a year after former presidential aide John Dean made the document available to Congress, a heavily censored version of the 1970 Huston spy plan has finally been made public. The document, published July 18 as Target: 'Black part of the impeachment evidence collected by the House Judiciary Committee, confirms that Nixon specifically ap­ proved illegal spy operations against the Socialist Work­ ers Party, Young Socialist Alliance, Black Panther Party, extremist' Communist Party, and other Black, antiwar, and student groups. • • These groups are all named and described in the first part of the plan, titled "Summary of Internal Security organtzattons Threat." Portions of this part of the Huston plan are Reprinted here are the sections from the 1970 Huston spy reprinted here; future issues of The Militant will reprint plan on the "Black Extremist Movement" and "Other Rev­ additional parts of this document and comment further olutionary Groups." These documents are part of the on the significance of these new disclosures. "Summary of Internal Security Threat," a list of groups This plan, drawn up by White House aide Tom Huston targeted for wiretapping, burglary, mail tampering, and and approved by Nixon in July 1970, was the govern­ infiltration. The large white spaces that appear are the ment's reaction to the massive May 1970 upsurge against result of censoring done by the House Judiciary Committee. the invasion of Cambodia. TOP SECRET The government feared a recurrence of the May explo­ sion, which began with student strikes but began to spill over into the population as a whole. As the "Summary II. BLACK EX'l:REMIST MOVEMENT of Internal Security Threat" itself points out, "Increasingly, A. Assessment of Current Internal Security Tb~eat the battlefield is the community with the campus serving I. Black Panther Partv. The most active and dangerous primarily as a staging area." black extremist group in the United States is the Black Panther Party The final version of the plan approved by Nixon called (BPP). Despite its relatively small number of hard-core members-­ ·approximately 800 in 40 chapters nationwide--the BPP is in the iorefro'lt for intensifying government attacks on the left by stepping of black extremist activity today. The BPP has publicly advertised its goals up the use of police infiltration, mail tampering, bur­ of organizing revolution, insurrection, assassination and other terrorist­ type activities. Moreover, a recent polllpdicates that approximately glaries, and electronic surveillance. Nixon has claimE!d 25 per cent of the black population has a great respect for the BPP, that the plan was rescinded shortly after he approved including 43 per cent of blacks under 21 years of age. it, but the newly released list of target groups adds in­ Militant/Meg Rase The Panther newspaper has a current circulation of creased weight to the charge that the plan was in fact approximately 150, 000 copies weekly. Its pages are filled with messages implemented. · Huston spy plan was part of ruling of racial hatred and call for terrorist guerrilla activity in an attempt to overthrow the Government. The BPP has been involved in a substantial Many of these groups-including the SWP, YSA, and class's answer to massive May 1970 number of planned attacks against law enforcement officers, and its Black Panthers-were the victims of vicious government antiwar upsurge. leadership is composed in large part of criminally inclined, violence- prone individuals. · attacks after the summer of 1970. For example, the SWP and YSA experienced bombings, Weapons are regularly. stockpiled by the Party. During 1968 and 1969, quantities-Of machine guns, shotguns, rifles, hand grenades, burglaries, mail tampering, and increased FBI harass­ homemade bombs, and ammunition were uncovered in Panther offices. ment at this time. Last year the socialists filed suit against the government, charging that these attacks were in part . 2; New Left Support for BPP. The BPP has received increasing support from radical New Left elements. During 1970, the the result of the Huston plan. Release of the plan repre­ BPP formed a working relationship with radical student dissenters by sents a major breakthrqugh for this suit. injecting the issue of Government "repression" of Panthers into the antiwar cause. Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) supported In light of the socialists' charges, it is significant that the BPP in a 1969 ·"united front against fascism." The probability tr.at Senator Lowell Weicker (R-Conn.), a member of the Senate black extremists, including the BPP, will work closely with New Left white radicals in the future increases the threat of escalating terrorist Watergate committee, has himself conceded that "events activitie.s. It oo uld be safe to project that racial.strife and student took place which closely parallel the recommendations in .turmoil fomented by black extremists will definitely incrc:tse. the 1970 plan." 3. BPP Propaganda Appearances. Despite its small member­ "In contrast with the evidence that the plan was ap­ ship, the BPP has scored 1~1ajor successes in the propaganda arena. In proved, there is no documentary evidence that the plan was at any time officially withdrawn," he added. Weicker's - 9- comments- ignored by the capitalist media for the most TOP SECRET part-were appended to the Senate committee's final re­ .HANDLB VIA COi\UNT CHANNELS ONLY port, published June 27. The Senate Watergate committee as a whole, however, TOP SECRET steadfastly refused during its entire investigation to re­ lease its copy of the Huston plan. The official excuse 1969, DPP repre~:e::1tath·~s ~~:::::-:·:: ~~~ 139 colleges throughout the Nation, was that the document "relates in substantial part to for­ while i~ !f·G7 t~;:!·c ·,'~:0:-•: -_,:;~_.-· :1 ~- .-:-. ::.~'!pearances. Although no direct inform.:ltion has b-~e!l r-c~c-1·: ..•:: r:) c: ·.":-~ ::~-::;~~~).:i!!g th~~t th~ BPP h~s initiated eign intelligence." Now that the document has been pub­ any l.arge-scale racial disorders, tile year 1970 has seen an escalation of lised, however, it is clear that this was a lie. racial disorders across the Nation compared to 1969. This fact, coupled 1970 postal workers' strike. Capitalists with an increasing amount of violent Panther activity, presents a great The Huston plan is not about "foreign intelligence," feared role of SWP and other groups potential for racial and civil unrest for the future. but about curbing the growing opposition to the war In 'creating dissatisfaction in labor orga­ . 4. Appeal to Military. The BPP has made pointed appeals and racist oppression within the United States. In addi­ nizations.' to black servicemen with racist propaganda. High priority has been tion to the groups already mentioned, the report discusses placed on the recruitment of veterans with weapons and explosives training. The BPP has also called for infiltration of the Government. These · such organizations as the Student Mobilization Commit­ activities, should they achieve even minimum success, present a grave tee to End the War, Students for a Democratic Society, threat. the Weathermen, and the Nation of Islam. 5. BPP Philosophy and Foreign Support. The BPP relies The House Judiciary Committee is also helping keep heavily on foreign communist ideolo~y to shape· its goals. Quotations from the wraps on the use of the Huston plan. Extensive por­ Mao Tse-tung were the lltitial ideological bible of the BPP. Currently, the writings of North Korean Premier Kim n-sung are followed and tions of the plan were deleted before the committee re­ extensive use of North Korean propaganda material is made in BPP leased the documents. publications and trainin~. The Marxist-ortimted philosophy of the BPP presents a favorable environment for support of the Panthers from other These deletions, indicated by the blank spaces in the communist countries. documents, frequently appear where there is a discussion of the extent of government spying against a particular BPP leaders have traveled extensively abroad including visits to Cuba, Russia, North Korea, and Algeria. International operations of group, such as the deletions following the section on the the BPP are directed by Eldridge Cleaver, a fugitive froin United States Communist Party, Socialist Workers Party, and Puerto courts. · - Rican groups. Nevertheless, the final page dealing with these three organizations makes it clear that they were targets for increased government attack: "The selective use of elec­ -Radical white students in Western tronic surveillances would materially enhance the intel­ Europe and the Scar.dinavian countr(es have org:tnized solidarity committee< in supp~rt of the BPP. These cl'mmittees a1·e tile sources of financial · ligence coverage of the policy-making levels of these or­ contributions to the Party and pro\·ide outlets for the BPP newspaper. ganizations, n the document states. It concludes by .6. Other Black E:·:tremisl Groups. The Nation of Islam (NOll suggesting that "through the establishment of additional is the largest sfttglc blaC"!t exfrcn1TSfOi=ganiz~tion in th~ United States ·.~:it!~ informant coverage on college campuses, the involvement 'Black student extremist activities at col­ an e:;tilnated mtnn~lership or 6, 000 in approxin1at~ly 10'1 ~:!n.::~ucs. Tt-c ~>!OI of these organizations in the radicalization of students leges and secondary schools have in­ could be assessed with increased accuracy." creased alarmingly,' Huston plan said. - 10 -

6 TOP SECRET

prc:\ches hatrt;d o! u~e -:.•:::i~e rrtcc and. advocates separatisnt of the races~ T~.~.: NJI ~s a gnJup has, to date'· not. instigated any civil disorders; Target: SWP, however, the followers of this semi-religious cult are extremely dedicated individuals who could be expected to perform acts of violence if so ordered bv the NOI head, Elijah l\I~hammed. When Muhammed, who is over 70 years of age, is replaced, a new leader could completely alter current nonviolent tactics of the organization. For example, Muhammed's son-in-law, Raymond Sharrieff, now among the top CP, Puerto hierarchy of NOI, could rise to a leadership position. Sharrieff is vicious, domineering, and unpredictable.

There are numerous other black extremist organizations, small in numbers, located across the country. There is also a large number of unaffiliated black extremists who advocate violence and Rican groups guerrilla warfare. One particular ·group, the Republic of New Africa (RNA), headquartered in Detroit, Michigan, calls for the establishment TOP SSCRET of a separate black nation in the South to be protected by armed forces. These groups, although small, are dedicated to the destruction of our form of government and consequently present a definite potential for instigating civil disorder or guerrilla warfare activity. IV. OTHER REVOLUTIONARY GROUPS

7. Black Student Extremist Influence. Black student e:~~.-tremis A. Ass~ssmH.c o: Current Internal Security Threat activities at colleges and secondary schools have increased alarmingly. Although currently there is no dominant leadership, coordination or 1. Corr.munist Party. The Communist Party co11tinues specific direction between these individuals, they are in frequent contah as .a distinct threat to the internal securit}· because of its extrerr.ely \\ith each other. Consequently, should any type of organization or close ties and total commitrr.ent to the Soviet Union. There are many cohesiveness develop, it would present a grave potential for fut'lre thousands of people in the United States who adhere to· a Marxist violent activities at United States schools. Increased informant co,·erage. philosophy and agree with the basic objectives of the Communist would be particularly productive in this area. Blac~ student extremists Party although they do not identify themselves specifically with the have frequently engaged in violence and disruptive activity on campuses. organization. The Party receives most of its financ2s from the Soviet Major universities which made cor.cessions to nonnegotiable black Union, adheres to Sovi2t policies explicitly, and provides a rr.ajor out­ student demands have not succeeded in calming extremist activities. let for Soviet propaganda. The Party will without question continue to During the school year 1969-70, there were 227 college disturbaaces implement w?atever orders it receives from the Soviets in the future. having racial overtones. There were 530 such disturbances in secondary schools compared with only 320 during the previous school year. . There is litt1e likelihood that the Communist Party, USA, will instigate civil disorders or use terrorist tactics in the foreseeable 8. Foreign Influence in the Black Extremist Movement. future. Its strong suit is propaganda. Through its publications and Although ther-e is no hard evidence indicating that the black e>.iremist propaganda it will continue its efforts to intensify civil disorders, and movement is substantially contro~led or directed by foreig,l elemeats, foment unrest in the Armed Forces, labor unions, and minority groups. there is a marked potential fot· foreign-directed intelligence or subversiYe. The Party is on tl)e p,eriphery of the radical youth movement and is activity-among black extremist !er~ders and org:!.nizations. These groups · striving to strengthen its role in this movement and to attract new are highly suscc·ptibJ-2 to exp!citntion by hostile foreign intelligence members through a recently formed youth organization, but it does servict:s. not appear this group will achieve any substantial results for the Party in the future. - ll - 2. Socialist Workers Party and Other Trotskyist Groups. These_organizat!ons have an estimateamembershtp of The TO:? SECRET major Trotskyist organization, the Socialist Workers Party, has attained an influential role in the antiwar movement through its, youth affiliate, the Young Socialist Alliance, which dominates the C:."'''B

Communist intelligence services are capaole of usins t.1elr personnel, facilities, and agent assets to work in the black extremist - 20- field. The Soviet and Cuban services have major capabilities available. demonstration TOP SECRET B. Assessment of Current Intelligence Collection Procedures warned that growing support for Pan­ thers among Black Gls posed 'a grave threat.'

4. Puerto Rican Nationalist Extremist Groups. The radical Puerto Rican independencemovement has spawned approximately ten violently anti-American groups committed to Puerto Rican self­ determination. Revolutionary violence is a major aim of the estimated members of these groups and if sufficiently strong, they would not hesitate to mount armed insurrection. Since July, 1967, some 130 bombings in Puerto Rico and in the New York City area have been attributed to these extrerr.ists. American-owned businesses have been the main targets, but there has been a recent upsurge of violence against U.-S. defense facilities in Puerto Rico.

- 12 -

TOP SECRET HANDLE VIA C0:'.1I:-\T CHANNELS 0:\LY

- 21 - 1. Other Black Extremist Or~anhations. Informa;,t TOP SECRET coverage of the NOI is substanti:ll, enabling its activities to be followed on a current basis. Co,·erage of militant black student groups and ind.h·iduals is very limited i.;ec:J.'..:~~= of t!::e sensitive urcas i~vol~:ed. .r\n effective source of such coverage would be reliable, former members of the Armed Forces presently attending college. Live informant coverage, particularly with respe,.t to the ·acti\•ities and plans of unaffiliated black militants, needs to be increased. More sources both in the United States and abroad in a position to determine the amount of foreign involvement in black extremist activities need to be developed. Maximum use of communication interceptions would materially increase the current capabilities of the intelligence community to develop highly important data regarding black extremist activities. ·

. 3. Possible Measures to ImprO\'e Intelligence Collection. ·The selective use of elllctromc surveTI1anceswOiifcTmiterially enhance . the intelligence coverage or-the policy-making levels of these organizations. A particular benefit of electronic surveill:mce in the Puerto Rican field could be the development of information identifying persons involved in terrorist activities. Communications intelligence coverage and travel control measures could be improved to provide grenter awareness of the travel and other acti\·ities of individuals of security interest. Th:-ough the ·establishll'ent of additional informant.coverage on college campuses, Militant/Flax Hermes the involv~ment of t!1cse organiz:ttions in the radicalization of stuck:its Government was concerned about 'in­ could be assessed with increased :rccuracy. - 13 - fluential role in antiwar movement' - 22 - TOP SECRET. played by Socialist Workers Party. TOP SBCnET

THE MILITANT/ AUGUST 2, 1974 7 Watergate & American· golitics-111 Behind the rulers' ment Third of a series up articles of impeachment that will include enough By LARRY SEIGLE of the multitude of crimes of which Nixon is guilty The Watergate revelations exposed to public view to justify impeaching him, while at the same time part of the corruption, lies, and secret-police meth­ keeping the indictment narrow enough so as not ods through which the capitalist class maintains to include as "impeachable offenses" those policies its rule. The sordid political deals, the conspiracies that every president carries out, with bipartisan to deny the great majority of Americans their support, in the interests of the capitalist class. democratic rights, and the plots to protect the The absence of tried and commonly accepted profits of the giant corporations that came to light, procedures for dealing with the situation have are not unique to the Nixon administration. They compounded the rulers' problem. The precedents are standard operating procedure for the rulers for the removal of a chief executive under such of this country. circumstances don't exist. (The impeachment of What is new is the degree to which they have Andrew Johnson more than a century ago under become exposed. And the reaction to these dis­ completely different circumstances is hardly a reli- closures by the American people has produced a able guide.) · neW problem for the capitalist class, one that it has A capitalist class in a period of growth and yet to resolve: How to prevent the reaction to expansion, self-confident and decisive, can dispose Watergate from growing into an even deeper rejec­ of many problems of leadership with relative ease. tion, on the part of the masses of people, of the But the titans of American imperialism, in a period institutions of bourgeois rule. impeachment process can be used to restore of historical decline and decay, agonize at length The Watergate scandal has been a highly cor­ and confidence' in capitalist institutions. over- every step along the road to removing Nixon. rosive acid, eating away at ~orne of the main They view impeachment not as a desirable al­ underpinnings of the illusions in bourgeois democ­ ternative, but as the best way out of their dilemma, racy, including: the myth of free elections in this tion: working people might think that any presi­ a situation in which none of the alternatives looks country; the "democracy" of the two-party system; dent whose popularity sank below a certain point very attractive. and the notion that the government represents should resign if the population demanded it. Rather They view impeachment as the best way available the citizenry as a whole, ·rather than serving the than Congress deciding whether or not to remove to restore some measure of trust and confidence interests of those who command the wealth, and a president, the workers might think they had that in the institutions through which they rule. They thus the real power, in America. right. hope they can use impeachment to restore the myth The capitalist class rules through a· combina­ And impeachment has one very clear advantage of the capacity of the capitalist government and tion of deception and repression. But the more over resignation. If staged correctly, it could be political parties to represent the popular will. effective the deception, and the less open the repres­ used to help generate renewed confidence in the Impeachment in no way goes beyond the frame­ sion, the more efficient it is for the rulers. So long institutions of the Republic provided by the U. S. work of the bourgeois democratic forms decreed as working people continue to believe that Ameri­ Constitution. in the U. S. Constitution. It is not an extraparlia­ can capitalist society is essenthtlly democratic, the Speaking on the floor of the U. S. Senate on mentary solution to the problems confronting the repressive weapons are used only selectively. May 13, 1974, Democratic Majority Whip Robert rulers. On the contrary, it is the constitutional In the United States today, the main props of Byrd summed up this point of view: and legal method available to the rulers for getting bourgeois rule are these illusions in "American "If a president of the United States should be rid of a president who no longer serves their pur­ democracy." That is why preserving these illusions drummed out of office by intense pressure from poses. is so important to the rulers. the media, members of Congress, indeed, by pub­ lic opinion itself . . . I fear the impact such an 'Send Congress a message' event would. have on the constitutional bedrock The way sections of the ruling class view im­ Thinking the unthinkable of our system. . . . I recognize the concern for peachment can be seen from the liberals' response As we showed in an article last week, the first the agony the country may endure through an im­ to the so-called impeachment movement. Last April, response of the ruling class to Watergate was to peachment proceeding in the House and a possible The Nation, a liberal magazine, sent a reporter to participate in the cover-up. But by the middle of trial in the Senate, which has prompted many to talk to staff workers of the National Campaign to 1973, the maintenance of the cover-up became call for the resignation of the president so that the Impeach Nixon, which was organizing proim­ impossible. During the next months the capitalist nation may be spared such an experience. I submit peachment demonstrations at the time. class l,egan to discuss what had previously been however, that in the highly charged atmosphere The account in the April 20 Nation was enthu­ unthinkable: ways to remove Nixon from office that now exists throughout the country, nothing siastic: "The purpose of all this energy is to send before his term was up. A debate opened up in the is more important to the nation than the exercise Congress a message in the belief that it will ruling class over whether impeachment or resigna­ of sober judgement. ... respond. Thus, for the moment at least, impeach­ tion would be the best device to use. "An impeachment proceeding is a constitutional ment strategies seem to rest on a basic faith in the Compelling arguments on both sides of this remedy of last resort. As agonizing as it may be vitality of the country's democratic institutions.... controversy were raised. in its use, the country will survive its application. "At the moment, the fate of Nixon's Presidency lies The chief argument for resignation was that it So, I speak- not in the defense of the president, with those who are determined to make the system would have fewer negative side effects for the ruling but, rather, in defense of the constitutional sys­ work.... Indeed, the demeanor of both the friends class than an impeachment trial. The reactionary tem ...." and enemies of the }>resident demonstrates the fat­ New York senator, Conservative-Republican James Newspapers such as the Wall Street Journa~ uousness of those who warned- on the basis of no Buckley, in his public appeal for Nixon to step house organ of Eastern finance capital, endorsed evidence-that the attempt at impeachment would down, expressed the patrician dread with which this point of view. Even the New York Times, tear the country apart. a section of the ruling class faces the possibility which had earlier called for Nixon's resignation, "Just the opposite may be true." of impeaching the president: reversed its position and urged impeachment in­ The magazine then approvingly quotes Carl Al­ "Public opinion would compel the proceedings stead. bert, Democratic Speaker of the House, as saying, to be televised .... The most sordid dregs dug "I think impeaching the President without sufficient up by the Watergate miners would inflame the Missed timing on resignation grounds would tear the country apart. But I think passions of· the domestic audience and provoke Had the ruling class moved quickly and decisive­ the failure to impeach, if the grounds are sufficient, the guffaws, prurient curiosity, or amazement of ly at an earlier stage of the Watergate scandal would also do damage to the country." the outside world. The audience would hear those to force Nixon to accept retirement and some kind The impeachment procedure is being presented magical tapes in full- that could not be avoided." of deal barring prosecution, they might have suc­ to the American people as proof of the "vitality" But powerful voices were also raised in favor ceeded in defusing Watergate, even if at a certain of the U. S. Constitution and the ultimate guarantee of impeachment rather than resignation. A dan­ price. But they let Watergate drag on to the point of a free and democratic society. gerous precedent would be set by Nixon's resigna- where simply letting Nixon resign and giving him immunity would be difficult, if not impossible, to pass off on the American people as a satisfactory resolution of the Watergate affair. They missed the timing on resignation, failing Socialist view to act decisively to cut their losses early, before an even more drastic move was needed to give on Watergate the appearance of clearing the decks. The longer the rulers deferred action to "end Watergate," the WATERGATE AND THE MYTH OF AMERICAN DE­ more difficult their situation became. MOCRACY by les Evans and Allen Myers. 208 pp. It now appear:s as though the majority of the $9, paper, $2.45. ruling class is prepared to go through the impeach­ ment procedure, however painful it may be. WATERGATE: THE VIEW FROM THE LEFT. Anthology Whether they have the resolve to carry it all the with an introduction by linda Jenness and Andrew way to the end, and remove Nixon from office, Pulley. 96 pp. $5, paper, $1.25. remains to be seen. As the Congress gets closer to impeachment, the THE WATERGATE CONSPIRACY: WHAT IT REVEALS problems of staging the event in such a way as ABOUT AMERICAN CAPITALIST SOCIETY by Allen to advance their goal of restoring confidence in Myers, Peter Seidman, and Barry Sheppard. 25 cents. themselves loom larger. The long arguments and partisan bickering in the House Judiciary Com­ Order from: Pathfinder Press, 410 West St., New mittee are reflections of this process. York, N.Y. 10014. Telephone: (212) 741-0690. They are grappling with the difficulty of drawing

8 Activists 'solution' to discuss Chile defense; Sept. protests gain support WASHINGTON, D. C.- Sept. 11 marks the first anniversary of the bloody coup in Chile. The coup toppled the Allende regime and brought to power the hated military junta whose rule of ter­ ror has become notorious throughout the world. This date will be the focus for a wide variety of protest activities planned by organizations in­ volved in defense of the victims of repression in Chile. In early July the U.S. Committee for Justice to Latin American Political Prisoners ( USLA) issued a call for activities centering around three de­ mands: 1) Free all political prisoners in Chile, gave representatives 2) End the ban on political parties and trade to remove a president before the end of four-year term. unions, and 3) End U.S. aid to thejunta. USLA and many other groups-including the New American Movement, War Resisters League, But a look at the Constitution itself, and the merchants, and other holders of personal property. Emergency Committee to Save Chilean Health origins of the impeachment mechanism, shows "Mter tossing about restlessly for several days, Workers, and the New York Medical Committee clearly that impeachment is no more democratic the delegates gave up the idea of entrenching prop­ on Human Rights-are organizing local activities than the other "institutions of the Republic" that erty in the Constitution by specific restrictions on throughout the country around Sept. 11. These form the basis for capitalist rule in America. voting and office holding." will include pickets, rallies, and cultural events. The American Constitution, which went into ef­ The National Coordinating Committee for Soli­ fect in 1789, set up a federal government founded Origin of three branches darity with Chile (NCCSC) has also called for on the twin principles of protection of private prop­ "Finding that course barred, the delegates chose actions for Sept. 4-Sept. 11. At its national con­ erty and rule by the wealthy minority. With the another way of dissolving the energy of the demo­ tinuations committee meeting held here July 13 exception of the Bill of Rights, which was appended cratic majority. They broke its strength at the the NCCSC called for protest activities along with only after mass pressure from the American people, source by providing diverse methods for electing a national petitioning campaign. They also made there is precious little democracy in the Consti­ the agencies of the new government and threw final arrangements for the National Legislative tution. special barriers in its path by setting those agen­ Conference that took place July 14 and July 15. The complicated system of "checks and balances," cies, with their several ambitions, prerogatives, The legislative conference was attended by some of which impeachment is one device, was created and insignia, at cross purposes. 200 people from Chile solidarity groups, peace not to guarantee majority rule, but precisely to pre­ "In short, the Fathers created a system of 'checks groups, church organizations, and some trade vent it. The progressive liberal historians Charles and balances,' dividing the power of the govern­ unions. Among the speakers were Congressman and Mary Beard in their book, The Rise of Ameri­ ment among legislative, executive, and judicial Ron Dellums (D-Calif.) and Abe Feinglass, inter­ can Civilization, summed up the views of the dele­ branches with confused and uncertain boundaries. national vice-president of the Amalgamated Meat gates to the constitutional convention in Phila­ All the world has marveled at their dexterity." Cutters union. delphia: The three branches preserved, as Madison had In some of the conference workshops activists "Almost unanimous was the opinion that democ­ explained, "the spirit and form of popular gov­ spoke in favor of continuing actions and protest racy was a dangerous thing, to be restrained, ernment," but not the essence. At the same time, meetings to demand an end to U.S. complicity with not encouraged, by the Constitution, to be given the Constitution provided mechanisms, including the junta and to educate people about the anti­ as little voice as possible in the new system, to be the impeachment provision, for mediating and re­ democratic, antiunion character of the military hampered by checks and balances." solving competing interests a~ong the rulers. junta. Thus impeachment was carefully written into the Conference delegates discussed informally the 'Perils of maiority rule' Constitution as an alternative to any form of popu­ USLA campaign to expose the atrocities com­ The Beards report that James Madison, "dis­ lar recall or democratic expression of popular will. mitted against women political prisoners in Chile. coursing on the perils of majority rule," stated It, was not by accident that the"Founding Fathers" Plans for actions around Sept. 11 were also dis­ that the object of the Constitution was "to secure gave the population no voice in the decision of cussed by the conference participants. the public good and private rights against the dan­ whether to remove a president from office before ger of such a [majority] faction and at the same the end of four years. Jealously reserving for them­ time preserve the spirit and form of popular gov­ selves the right to resolve such questions, they had ernment." no intention of sharing this powerful weapon. Pickets: 'End torture The "Founding Fathers" were divided between In the course of the massive expansion of U.S. the merchants of the North and the slavocracy imperialism and the growth of the powers of the of women in Chile' of the South. To rule together they had to devise executive branch, the ruling class has since refined A picket line demanding an end to the torture a system that would allow them to share power the procedures for choosing successors to the presi­ of women political prisoners. in Chile was held through flexible forms of government. At the same dency in the event of a vacancy in the office. These July 19 at the offices of the Organization of time, they needed to guarantee that the majority have included constitutional amendments and presi­ American States (OAS) in Washington, D.C. of the population, the small farmers, would be dential succession acts passed by Congress. But The U.S. Committee for Justice to Latin Amer­ excluded from the decision-making body. (Women not a single one of these refinements has given ican Political Prisoners ( USLA) has docu­ were given second-class status by the Constitution; the American people any say in the matter. mented in detail some of the military .junta's slaves and Indians were denied all citizenship James Reston, vice-president of the New York crimes against women, including sexual torture, rights.) Times, recently wrote a column emphasizing that mutilation, and rape. But how were the ruling classes to consolidate impeachment is up to the Congress, not the people, USLA sent a delegation to the OAS asking their power, while maintaining the "spirit and form to decide. This may be "undemocratic," Reston them to include a female doctor among the fact~ of popular government"? The small farmers consti­ concedes, but "it. was the assumption of the finding team the OAS is sending to Chile. The tuted 90 percent ofthe population. They had fought Founding Fathers that the people were sovereign delegation was told that the decision could not a revolutionary war against British colonial tyran­ in deciding between candidates for President and be made until after the team arrived in Chile. ny only a few short years before. How were they Congress [picked for them, ofcourse, by the ruling Stating that that answer was unsatisfactory, now to be excluded from political power? class through its monopoly of the political parties] USLA called the picket line. The delegates to the Philadelphia convention first but that most things were too complicated ina vast Picket signs said, "Include a Woman Doctor," proposed imposing stiff property qualifications, so continental country to be decided by referendums "End Torture of Women," and "End U.S. Com­ only the wealthy could vote and run for office. or popular vote." plicity." The Beards report: Impeachment is a possible "solution" for the bour­ Among those participating in the picket line "Though the suggestion was warmly received a geoisie to a problem its government is facing. If were representatives from the Common Front number of capital obstacles were pointed out in the Nixon is impeached, he will be impeached by one for Latin America, Women's International course of the debate. H each voter or officer was branch of the capitalist government in an attempt League for Peace and Freedom, D. C. Council required to possess a large amount of personal to solve a problem for the ruling class as a whole. of Churches, Young Socialist Alliance, National property, such as s~ocks and bonds, then the Revolutionists have an entirely different frame­ Organization for Women, and Lawyers Guild. existing voters, two-thirds of whom were farmers, work for viewing the question of impeachment and would not ratify an instrument that disfranchised Watergate. They view it from the point of view not them. of the ruling class but of the working class. In our "A landed qualification was, therefore, the only next article we will look at how the revolutionists alternative but bitter experience had showed that in the United States, the Socialist Workers Party it was the farmers 'Yho sent radicals to the state and the Young Socialist Alliance, have responded legislatures and waged the war on money lenders, to Watergate.

THE MILITANT/AUGUST 2, 1974 9 Cyprus and the fall of the Greek By DAVID RUSSELL in this situation. Caught up in the coils of its own intrigues around Charles Foley described the complaint of one the eastern Mediterranean island of Cyprus, the figure close to the junta in the Oct. 29, 1972, is­ already-discredited Greek dictatorship was forced sue of the London Observer: "Under this man to turn for help July 23 to more experienced repre­ Makarios," Foley's informant said, "Cyprus is a sentatives of capitalism. Announcing that they had focus of opposition in the Greek world. His people decided to return the nation to civilian rule, the abuse and insult us- they even talk of welcoming military junta brought conservative former premier a Greek government-in-exile and 'bringing back Constantine Caramanlis back from exile_in Paris democracy to the mainland.'" and swore him in as head of a new "government When the Turkish government responded to the of national union." coup by invading Cyprus July 20, the reaction in "As reports of the government's resignation Greece was summed up by Times reporter Alvin spread through the capital," reported the New York Shuster. "There was no sense of rallying around Post July 23, "people poured into the streets cheer­ the flag," he wrote. "Rather, the mood was fear ing. Horn-honking cars raced down the main boul­ and uncertainty and, in many cases, anger, that evards.... the rulers had allowed the dispute with Turkey "The spontaneous outpouring of joy was similar to reach this point. to the scenes in the streets after the liberation of "'It was just stupid,' said a young waiter as Athens by the Allies in World War II. he left for military service. 'Any other Govern­ "People hugged and kissed each other. Others ment would have figured out some way to avoid ran out waving their arms and shouting 'Unity it.'" and democracy.'" Role of imperialism Other chants, according to New York Times reporter Charles Mohr, included "No more blood." Cyprus, only 40 miles from the coast of Turkey and 100 miles from Lebanon and Syria, has been Washington was more restrained in its reaction a pawn on the imperialist chessboard for 100 to the new turn of events. "United States officials years. The Turkish Ottoman Empire ruled the .... noted with surprise that the civilian politi­ island from 15 70 until 187 8, when the British cians called in today included representatives over will soon be addressed to the new government. took over in order to keep the Russian tsar from the pre-junta political spectrum, from left-center The end of the line for the Greek junta came with getting a foothold in the Mediterranean. to far right," reported David Binder in the July the failure o{ its adventure in Cyprus. The crisis The strategic location of Cyprus made the Brit­ 24 Times. touched off July 15 by the coup of the Greek ish reluctant to part with it. They encouraged and As the primary backer of the increasingly iso­ Cypriote National Guard, led by officers of the exacerbated the old rivalries between the Greek lated and unpopular junta, the Nixon administra­ Athens junta's army, had "terrified" the people of and Turkish communities on the island, and then tion was understandably miffed at its collapse. Greece, Le Monde correspondent Marc Marceau However, Washington's military bases appear safe pointed to the communal strife as the reason why cabled on the day of the putsch. they were needed to keep peace there. -at least for the time being- in the care of the The move to overthrow the Makarios regime Finally in 1960, after a prolonged struggle, handpicked successors to the Greek colonels. on Cyprus and replace it with one led by former Cyprus was recognized as an independent state. Among them were a former governor of the Bank right-wing terrorist Nikos Sampson, one that Its independence, however, was of a peculiar type. of Greece, a former foreign minister, and three would carry out a policy of "enosis" (union) with Under the 1959 agreements forced on the Cyp­ former premiers. An indication of their political riote people, Turkey was granted the right to bring predilections was given when they asked the junta's Greece, was a desperate gamble. The colonels troops onto the island for the first time since 1878. figurehead president to stay on as a sign of con­ hoped to remove a center of opposition to their The Turkish minority was granted special privi­ tinuity. shaky regime, while presenting the country with a foreign-policy triumph that could be used to leges such as they had never known in the past, Unanswered questions broaden their base of support. They failed on both even under Turkish rule- a provision insisted on counts. by the British, which served to further poison the New York Times reporter Alvin Shuster wrote July 24, "The future political system remained one Makarios's regime had been an irritant to the relations between the two communities. of the unanswered,questions today ... junta for years. It issued an ultimatum in 1972 In addition, the British maintained sovereignty "Another question was how active the military demanding that the archbishop include right-wing over two major military bases, which they retain to nationalist supporters of the junta in his cabinet. would be in the background." this day. The British armed forces have the "right" A year later it directed a move against him by the A third question, not posed by Shuster but cer­ to use the harbors, airports, and roads in time of synod of the Cypriote church. The latest and most tainly in the minds of the imperialists in Washing­ war, and the United States uses the island as a desperate attempt to unseat Makarios was no ton,. was whether the shake-up in Athens would major link in its intelligence network. doubt spurred by the worsening economic situation Besides the Zurich-London agreements just de­ result in a mass upsurge similar to the one that has shaken Portugal in the past three months. in Greece. scribed, Archbishop Makarios, as head of the re­ public, signed additional agreements with the im­ Certainly demands for the opening of the junta's With the highest rate of inflation in Europe and a perialists that have never been made fully public. jails and the release of the hundreds of political worsening financial situation as a result of the Aside from this, Cyprus is "neutral" in relation prisoners in them, for an end to censorship and fourfold increase in oil prices late last year, the to the Soviet bloc. the right of free speech, and for the abolition of junta was in deep trouble. It felt that it couldn't Despite Makarios 's proven reliability as a capi­ the secret police and punishment for their crimes, afford to leave Makarios a free hand on Cyprus talist politician, he has been viewed with distaste by Washington because his large following on Cyprus enables him occasionally to stand up to the U.S. This has been a particular thorn in Wash­ ington's side because of Makarios's refusal to join NATO.

A U. S.-backed move? Washington made no attempt to hide its satisfac­ tion with the removal of Makarios immediately after the coup. The New York Times reported July 17, "High American officials said that Sec­ retary of State Kissinger had rejected the appeals of departmental specialists on Greek- Turkish­ Cypriote affairs that the United States stand by Pre'sident Makarios and assert that Greek forces had intervened illegally on the island. "For years, the officials said, the Nixon Adminis­ tration has viewed Archbishop Makarios as the 'Castro of the Mediterranean,' who turned too readily toward Communist states for assistance." The likelihood that American intelligence was unaware of the impending coup, given the stra­ tegic importance of Cyprus and its close ties with the Greek junta, seems remote indeed. John Cooley, writing in the July 24 Christian Science Monitor, confirms that "President Makarios 's senior aides wrongly felt that Washington would not permit the Athens officers, who depend on the U.S. for their military supplies to strike at the Archbishop." The imperialists even had their successor lined up. "In the view of American and British officials," wrote Alvin Shuster in a July 19 dispatch from Greek Cypriote National Guardsmen take cover in Nicosia following coup directed from Athens Athens, "the elevation to the presidency of Mr.

.10 junta: the coup that backfired at stake. As U.S. and Soviet warships rushed towards the eastern Mediterranean- only two weeks after Nixon returned from the Moscow summit, pro­ claiming that the chances for peace were "the brightest" in generations- the editors of the New York Times expressed obvious fright at the turn of events. On July 16 they wrote: "Clearly the first goal of American, allied and United Nations diplomacy must be to prevent war between Greece and Turkey. Unless that can be headed off, the whole volatile eastern Medi­ terranean could blow up.... " But despite the risks, shown by the alert of thou­ sands of Soviet airborne troops, Washington is continuing to deepen its role in this area. Symbolic of the shift of influence was the fact that the an­ nouncement of the cease-fire on Cyprus was made in Washington, not in London.

What solution? One thing is certain, whatever the outcome of this crisis: There will be no progress towards peace in the eastern Mediterranean through a war in which the Greek. and Turkish workers continue to be led by their imperialist and native bourgeois manipulators. The only power that can offer any hope for eventual peace in the area is a force genuinely independent of imperialism and the rival bourgeois interests, a party really representing the Greek and Turkish workers and poor who are the principle losers in the present conflict. Turkish par~troopers at landing zone in Cyprus.· Turkish government is using Cyprus as a pawn in hopes of taking None Qf the peoples directly involved can gain over Aegean oil fields. by a war. This elementary truth has seldom been clearer. Greece is more advanced than Turkey, but it has one-fourth the population of its neighbor [G1afkos] Clerides, who is constitutionally next lowed by the invasion of Cyprus. and little basis for a war industry or for building in line of succession, would help ease·· the crisis, The Cypriote population is about 650,000, out a military machine. convfnce the Turks that moderates were in charge of which some 130,000 is of Turkish descent. Even if it is able to defeat Greece militarily, and give the new Cyprus government an appear­ Fighting following the overthrow of Makarios and Turkey is still a backward country and will remain ance of legitimacy." prior to the Turkish invasion had been between subject to imperialist domination no matter how However, with the fall of the Greek junta it ap­ different Greek factions- no claims had been made badly it mauls its small neighbor. pears as though Washington had to pay a higher of any attacks on the Turkish communities. As for the Cypriotes of both communities, they price for its man in Cyprus than it had bargained Instead of helping the Turkish minority, the have nothing to hope for from a Greek-Turkish for. To add insult to injury, David Binder wrote invasion acted to unite the Greek population be­ war but a new round in an endless civil war in of the new Greek regime in the July 24 New York hind the putschist regime, and fighting between which they will remain the pawns of outside forces Times, "Nor was Associated Press dispatch Athens to send 100 replacements. reality is more mundane. Turkey is flanked by from Nicosia, ."The shelling and bombing seemed Moreover, in the long run U.S. imperialism will many Greek islands, some only a few miles from indiscriminate, with no regard for civilian areas not tolerate in this area any regime it does not firmly control. Because· of his unwillingness to its coast. or casualties. Bodies littered roadsid~s beside push beyond the limits of the capitalist order, to Its interest in asserting a claim to the waters off wrecked civilian vehicles• as well as trucks and call on the Cypriote people to unite against im­ Asia Minor was originally military, but it has armored personnel carriers of the Greek Cypriote perialism and their local exploiters, and to really been increased considerably by the discovery of National Guard.... become "th-e Castro of the Mediterranean," oil under the Aegean Sea. Even before the current "Entire mountainsides were engulfed in flames Makarios led the Cypriote people into a deadly crisis, relations between Athens and Ankara were from forest fires started by bombs and napalm." trap. deteriorating and the situation on Cyprus was Finally, no intervention by any of the regimes heating up. that have helped to create the present situation can "... most analysts here think that Cyprus is a Moscow's response bring any real benefit to any section of the Cyp­ secondary issue for the moment," Steven Roberts riote population. Complete freedom to determine One of the main props of the Makarios regime cabled from Athens April 15, "and that Mr. Ecevit their own destiny is the first thing the Cypriote was the Communist party on Cyprus, known as [the Turkish premier] stirred things up mainly to people need to begin to solv.e the problems that AKEL. The largest and best organized party on strengthen his bargaining position on oil." the power conflict in the eastern Mediterranean the island, AKEL also dominates the labor move­ On July 18, taking advantage of the crisis in has created for them. For them, the first demand Cyprus, Ankara extended its territorial waters to ment. Its support to Makarios was based on his refusal to join NATO-while allowing the British must be, "All Foreign Troops Out of Cyprus!" include a wide area of the Aegean Sea over which to hold their two bases on the island. Greece claimed sovereignty. This move was fol- The Soviet bureaucracy lost no time in coming to the defense of Makarios, even endorsing the Turkish invasion. Ironically enough, while Brezh­ nev and company repeatedly blamed "aggressive NATO circles" and "certain NATO governments" for the coup against Makarios, threatening to "draw appropriate conclusions," they never men• tioned the fact that the only NATO government that was willing to even hint support for the coup was that of Richard Nixon- Brezhnev's partner in detente. The truth is that it was the detente that enabled the Cyprus crisis to reach the proportions it did. In the days of the cold war the Turkish capitalists would hardly have indulged in such an adventure as moving militarily against Greece. Now the pos­ sibility of a war between two of Washington's satellites introduces a new explosive factor in a British troops during Cypriote independence struggle. MAKARIOS & KISSINGER: In Nixon's eyes the arch­ region where both the Soviet bureaucracy and the Imperialism is to blame for sharpening communal an­ bishop is another Castro. U.S. imperialists believe their vital interests are tagonisms.

THE MILITANT/AUGUST 2, 1974 .. .11 In Our Opinion Let ten Rights of socialists ... Rosenberg case planning, were not introduced by the Stalinist bureaucracy. They were The Socialist Workers Party has won an important open­ I read recently The Militant's article on current efforts to reopen the Ro­ conquests· of one of the greatest so­ ing round in its fight to defeat the new laws that require senberg case. I am interested in aid­ cial revolutions in human history. the party's campaign committees to turn over the names ing such efforts but have misplaced Although these conquests have of contributors to the government. These provisions' pose the address of the committee con­ been misused and distorted by the a serious threat to the democratic rights of all radical par­ cerned. I would much appreciate your Soviet bureaucracy, their very exis­ ties by forcing them to release to the government a ready­ sending me the address and any tence has enabled the USSR to pro­ made "enemies lisf' of people to harass. relevant information. Thank you for gress from the most backward of The Minnesota State Ethics Commission, which is hold­ your cooperation. Eurbpean countries to the point ing hearings on the SWP' s request for an exemption from L.T. where it is the second industrial pow­ the state disclosure law, has agreed to subpoena every po­ New Orleans, La. er in the world. lice agency from the local FBI down to campus security Because of the character· of their economic system, the advanced capi­ police. The subpoenas were sought by the SWP to provide In reply- The address of the Na­ tional Committee to Reopen the Ros­ talist countries must pursue a policy further evidence that the Watergate tactics of disruption, spy­ aimed at the economic domination ing, and attempted intimidation of radical groups are still enberg Case is 156 Fifth Ave., Room 505,, Ne.w York, N.Y. 10010. of other countries. This is true no being used today. matter what leaders stand at the Until such practices are halted- and people are free to head of these states; it can only be engage in socialist activity without having to fear bugging, changed by a social revolution. In mail tampering, or having a file opened on them in Wash­ Yesteryear's Ma Bell contrast, the Soviet Union has no ington- the government has no right to require lists of con­ economic necessity to dominate oth­ tributors from the SWP or any other group that has been At the same time that the consumer er states, although its Stalinist lead­ victimized by the Watergate gang. reads that food prices are still ership sometimes chooses to follow going up, one also learns that farm this course for political reasons. The fact that the Ethics Commission felt compelled to grant prices are going down- cattle feeders the SWP motion for the subpoenas was in good measure So revolutionary socialists support losing from $85 to $200 per steer the Soviet economic system, while because of broad support of the civil liberties issues com­ when sold. The irrationality of capi­ municated to the commission through letters and telegrams. opposing the undemocratic and in­ talism's social behavior is no better efficient way in which it is admin­ Now the hearings will continue for at least another week. now than in the distant past. istered. The commission will be under intense pressure to either with­ In the depth of the Great Depres­ For further reading on this sub­ draw or water down its subpoenas. The issue of whether sion, a group of 1a farmers pre­ ject, see The Revolution Betrayed and or not the SWP and other groups should have the right to sented a demand for lower rates to In Defense of Marxism by Leon examine the police files may have to be fought out in the a countrywide, privately owned tele­ Trotsky. Both are available from courts. phone monopoly. The rates were $18 Pathfinder Press, 410 West St., New What is needed now is an expansion of the efforts to mobil­ a year, a high rate to pay for tele­ York, N.Y. 10014. phone service during that period. .ize support throughout the country for the Minnesota chal­ Just across the Minnesota River, for lenge. Messages backing the exemption fight, and demand­ instance, in a like rural community, ing the complete disclosure of political files maintained by a patron-owned telephone company Support for labor party the police and FBI in Minnesota, should be sent to the com­ charged only $9 a year. An indication of the new moods and mission by all those who support the right to engage in po­ ·Much the same as other members ideas affecting the trade-union move­ litical activity without interference by the government. of this community, I was part of ment could be seen from an inci­ what made the patron-owned com­ dent at the recent conference of pany tick. When called upon I'd grab a small hunting ax to cut away United Steelworkers of America tree branches, a Cee Tee pair of ( USW A) District 38. The 400 dele­ ... and of unions gates there represented some 96,000 pliers to splice broken telephone The threat that the campaign "reform" movement poses to the USWA members from 265 locals in democratic rights of the union movement is becoming clear­ lines, a few glass insulators to re­ place the ones we kids had used for 14 states. er with every passing day. Under the guise of "ending cor­ Reporting on the conference, the target practice, and go service the ruption," the capitalist backers of this drive are really aiming line for $2 a day. USWA newspaper Steel Labor men­ at tying the hands of the trade unions in the political arena. The $9 as against the $18 they tions that a resolution for the for­ The June 24 issue of "Memo from COPE," published by were paying seemed unfair to these mation of a labor party failed by the AFL-CIO Committee on Political Education, outlines some 13 depressed farmers. So they got a "slim margin." Here's what hap­ of the limits on union activity contained in state laws that together and sent a delegation to pened: The resolution for a labor party have been enacted or are being considered: present a demand to the owner of was presented to a meeting of "They run the gamut: Prohibiting labor officials from being the local telephone monopoly. They both a lobbyist and political activist; reporting requirements had agreed, they told him, that USWA Local 1304 in Oakland, so stringent no union could live up to them without devoting only two subscribers would stay on Calif., and passed with 100 percent as patrons unless the rates were of the vote. The local president was full time to it; bans on pooling of funds such as COPE does; sent as one of our three delegates requirements that two-thirds of the membership vote for an cut to $12 a year. The farmers felt that the choice was to the District 38 conference, where endorsement to make it legal ...." he presented the motion from the Among the most ominous new restrictions being proposed, an obvious one for the local mo­ nopolist-to ch.oose between the $165 floor. COPE points out, are those regulating "contributions" by (all 13 at $12 a year) or the $36 A great deal of discussion followed unions in the form of volunteer workers, office space, .and (2 at $18 a year). "No," he said, "I until district director Frank McKee the like. cannot afford to cut the rates." spoke against the motion. When the "Backed up on the outside by the National Right to Work John Enestvedt vote was taken, more than 25 per­ Committee," COPE reports, "congressional mossbacks have Sacred H ear4 Minn. cent of the delegates voted for the launched a concerted attack on so-called 'in-kind' political labor-party motion. services by the labor movement that help labor's eridorsed According to old-timers in our union, this is the most support such candidates. . . . Property relations in USSR "On the one hand is the 'right to work' committee lobbing a resolution has gotten in years Through my reading of The Mili­ from one of these conferences. big bombs at the labor movement only. On the other are tant my understanding of the Soviet Common Cause and similar reform-minded groups in such J.W. Union has grown much clearer, and Berkeley, Calif. a hurry to see reform enacted they haven't fully considered I fully support your position on the the consequences of their proposals." making of a "political" revolution in This capitalist crusade to weaken labor's political power the Soviet Union. But the issue of by restricting "in kind" donations was picked up by the Wall property relations in the Soviet Why not 'MASH'? Street Journal on July 17. "It's already obvious," wrote the Union that you so steadfastly sup­ Dave Salner's review of the "Mary editors of this labor-hating sheet, "that ignoring the value port is not clear at all. Tyler Moore" show does not do jus­ of services in a political campaig:n is a clear violation of Randy VeaZey tice to the character of Mary Rich­ the spirit of election reform." S. Charleston, W. Va. ards. Some of the practices the Journal wants regulated, if not Salner depicts Mary as a one­ outlawed entirely, are "releasing union members to man tele­ In reply- Socialists have always dimensional personality who is counterposed the need for a planned phones and get out mailings, conducting door-to-door regis­ career-oriented and "never chases economy to the anarchy of capital­ after men or seems to have the tration drives, paying for opinion polls and campaign liter­ ism. The nationalization of the econ­ slightest dependence on them. She ature, and assigning officials to campaign staffs." omy in the Soviet Union, the state seldom has dates, and couldn't care COPE is entirely correct when it concludes that the real monopoly of foreign trade and bank­ less." Mary is a much more complex aim of .such "reforms" is, quite simply, "Putting labor out ing, and the process of economic character whose interests and activi- of business politically." These "reforms," like the unconsti­ tutional disclosure laws being challenged by the SWP, must be opposed and defeated.

12 Women In Revolt Linda Jenness·.··.·

·ties bring out some very important aspects of relations between women and men precisely because she does History of union women-11 date and does care a great deal about her relations with men. When the American Federation of Labor held its an­ makers, the waist-makers and other white-goods­ Of particular interest was the show nual convention in Boston in 1903 a new dimension workers. The League support ... first show.ed the in which an old boyfriend comes was added to the labor movement-the National public that there was power and meaning in this back into her life. He had stopped Women's Trade Union League. Although not of­ new development, this new spirit among the most dating her because he didn't want ficially affiliated with the AFL, the League was close­ oppressed women workers. The attitude of the League ly aliied with it. also convinced labor men that this was no dilettante to get too involved but has now de­ cided he is ready to marry. At first By 1909 the League had worked out a platform welfare society, but absolutely fair and square with Mary is overjoyed to be with this consisting of the following main planks: organizing the labor movement." man again, but when he proposes the unorganized, equal pay for equal work, an eight­ Through experience in that period the League she is torn between her need for hour day, a minimum wage scale, and full citizen­ learned how an organization of its type could be him and her desire to lead an in· ship to women. most valuable. Mobilizing public support, joining The backbone of the League was made up of the the pickets and patrolling the streets, .raising funds dependent life. She finally tells him many women's unions, or unions with predominantly from unions and allies, defending victims of the cops she is not ready to give up her female membership, that existed at that time. In addi­ and the courts, and organizing the. unorganized were freedom. H Mary really seldom tion, the League established what was called "ally among their most valuable contributions. dated and couldn't care less, the show would lose a great deal of its membership." Through the ally membership women, The headquarters of the League chapters became power to deal with the changing re­ and men, who were not workers could participate in organizing centers, open around the ciock. Most of lationships between the sexes. the League. It was through this structure that the the chapters, in addition to their regular business League was able to involve women's clubs and aux­ meetings, had lectures, classes, and social events. It's difficult to understand the iliaries, housewives, suffrage organizations, and some Later on the League initiated a special school to train omission of "MASH" from a review wealthy individuals in various campaigns. women as trade-union organizers. of Saturday night shows that "re­ The League also promoted legislation to benefit flect the impact of the 1960s on The frrst opportunity for the League to prove its working people. They were prime movers in the cam­ TV." "MASH" is far more political worth came with the big strikes of 1909-1911. At paigns for better frre protection in the factories, a than the "Mary Tyler Moore" show and much more acid in its satire · that time, according to Gladys Boone in The Women~ shorter workweek, and minimum-wage laws. than "All in the Family." "MASH" Trade Union Leagues in Great Britain and the United In 1913 the League passed a resolution in sup­ States of America, there were six million women work­ port of women's right to vote. Their voice was a is belligerently antiwar and merci­ lessly exposes the racism in Amer­ ers in this country. Their average wage was less powerful addition to the suffrage movement. They ica's interventions in Asia. The only than $270 a year and half of the six million were campaigned for suffrage on the basis that the condi­ under 21 years of age. villains in "MASH" are two majors tion of women workers was "an individual and social portraying super-John Wayne types. The strikes of 1909-1911, beginning with the "Strike menace; and because working-women as an unen­ In their harassment of' these two un­ of the 40,000," were primarily revolts among the franchised class are continually used to lower the garment workers of the large cities in the East and standards of men." sympathetic characters, the two Midwest. Most of the workers were women, and most The National Women's Trade Union League con­ heroes (Hawkeye and Trapper were foreign born. John) attack all gung-ho army tinued to exist into the 1.940s. It was in the pre­ brass, flag-waving patriots, and 2\lice Henry, in The Trade Union Woman, summed World War I period, however, that. the League made those who put property rights above up the League's role this way: "In New York it was its most noteworthy contributions. It is that stage to human rights. · the League which made possible the large organiza­ which the Coalition of Labor Union Women could Evelyn Sell tions which exist today [1915] among the cloak- look for example and inspiration. Los Angeles, Calif.

Newark Taxi Organization i La Raza en AcciOnl Recently more than 200 Newark taxicab drivers voted in favor of forming an independent taxi. organi­ Miguel Pendas. zation, the Newark Taxi Organiza­ tion. NTO stated clearly the importance Bilingual education of the role of the taxicab driver LOS ANGELES- Bilingual programs for Chicano punished for speaking Spanish. during the recent 17-day strike, which was just the inithtl struggle students are under attack in California and Texas. In situations where Chicano studies are controlled California Governor Ronald Reagan recently pro­ by the administration, they have deteriorated, often . toward eliminating the economic claimed, "I am opposed to any expansion of bilingual quite badly. In some cases· the departments have de­ exploitation and racial discrimina­ programs until they can be evaluated to determine veloped into job trusts for a handful of Chicano tion against Newark cab drivers by their effectiveness." With these words, Reagan slashed bureaucrats. Many such classes are about as appetiz­ the twin enemies, the Taxi Board the $8-million budget for the state's bilingual program ing as a cold tortilla. of Trade and the Port Authority. in half. An expenditure to train bilingual teachers This has led some to argue, mistakenly, that Chi­ The Newark Taxi Organization was completely eliminated. "Not needed," said the cano studies and other such programs are nothing is planning a major court suit racist governor. more than a government plot to brainwash Chicanos against the monopoly capitalist Port An(i in Dallas, 16 secondary schools have had to and pull the wool over their eyes. They contend that Authority, which has continuously cancel their bilingual programs. El Sol de Texas, Chicano studies should not be defended. denied Newark cab drivers access a Spanish-language weekly published in that city, re­ But the problem is not that simple. Bilingual pro­ to Terminal A at the Newark Inter­ ports that the federal government refused to continue grams and Chicano studies must be seen fundamental­ national Airport. .funding the program. ly as conquests of the Chicano movement. They were Newark airport cab drivers must By sacrificing the program, which provided a mea­ wrenched from the hands of the gringo authorities as be allowed to work at the new air­ sure of bilingual education for 2,000 Chicano junior a result of mass struggles. port at all terminals- otherwise it is high and high school students, the government will The government did not hatch any plot to give us economic exploitation and discrimi­ save $1.2-million. That is less than one-tenth of what these gains. They would rather there were no Chicano nation. Behind it there lurks the the government spends to build one new F-14 fighter­ studies or bilingual programs at all. Every chance ever present menace of racism, since bomber. they get, they try to take them back, as they are there are more Black drivers among Bilingual programs are no "cultural nicety" where doing now. Newark airport drivers (60 percent) Chicanos are concerned. Studies have shown that, for than the Elizabeth crew. perhaps half of all preschool chicanitos, Spanish is Because these programs are gains of the Chicano Congress of African People their main language. Yet when they enter the gringo­ movement, the movement should defend them. But Newark, N.J. controlled school system, their native tongue is sup­ we must not stop th~re. We have to also fight to pressed. make these programs meaningful. We have to fight This would be bad enough. But to add insult to in­ for adequate funding. The bilingual programs should jury, little effort is ·made to really teach English. be bicultural. Free admissions for all Chicanos should Therefore, most Chicanos grow up limited in their be demanded. The letters column is an open forum ability in both languages. The key to having programs that truly serve the for all viewpoints on subjects of gen­ Chicano studies programs have been under attack Chicano community is through Chicano control. The eral interest to our readers. Please too. Funding is being cut back and administrators Chicano community must control the bilingual pro­ keep your letters brief. Where neces­ are increasingly trying to impose their control on the grams. Chicano students and faculty must control sary they will be abridged. Please in­ remaining programs. Preferential admissions for Chi­ the Chicano studies departments. Only· in this way dicate if your name may be used or canos, Blacks, and women are also under attack. can the abuses be eliminated. if you prefer that your initials be used It has been pointed out how inadequate the bilin­ And the very process of involving the community instead. gual programs are, and it is certainly true. The Dal­ in the struggle for such programs contributes to the las program now getting the ax represents a token necessary deepening of Chicano self-awareness. Self­ effort at best. In most Texas schools not only is there identity is indispensable in the movement of an op­ no bilingual teaching, but Chicanos are actually pressed people for its liberation.

THE MILITANT/AUGUST 2, 1974 13 The Great Society Harry Ring

Pol sci dep't- Former presidential What with the semitropical climate, Eh?- A Brazilian urban planner aide Lyn Nofziger says his ex-boss maybe they were just checking for warned that if the noise level continues is "a miserable s.o.b. I don't say bugs. to increase at its present rate, by the that derogatorily. Almost anybody year 2 000 the residents of Rio de who gets to be president is a miserable Belches to burn- Texas officials re­ Janeiro and Sao Paulo will be totally s.o.b. because he's got to go over an portedly cite findings that cows burp deaf. New Yorkers and residents of awful lot of bodies to get there." 50 million tons of hydrocarbons into other major U.S. cities needn't be con­ the air annually. If this could be cerned however. Odds are that even if Progress report-We don't know bottled, the gas produced by 10 cows it happens they won't hear about it. about other states, but it's now the would fuel a small home for a year. "Ms. California Contest." Like, for instance, the president?- One Center course- Categorically denying Chief inspector- We were intrigued of President Nixon's economic advis­ reports he was trying to shake him­ that the president and Bebe Rebozo ers said he's strongly opposed to any self clear of the president, Houston made a secret helicopter trip to. check cuts in the military budget but does Flournoy, Republican candidate for out the Palm Beach estate willed to the favor cutting the welfare budget. One governor of California, explained he government by Majorie Merriweather reason for doing so, he said, is be­ was neither associating nor dissociat­ (Post-Toasties) Post. Right now it cause a growing number of people ing himself from Nixon. Then there would be difficult for the president to are getting accustomed to being sup­ was the fellow who was against infla­ sell it, or even take a tax deduction. ported by the taxpayers. tion, against deflation, and for flation.

By Any Means Necessary Baxter Smith New memo on Fred Hampton murder Memo says 'TAKE NO CHANCES'-A recently do. Warnings to be "leery of booby traps," and sored housing project in Newark, N.J. -have man­ released memorandum, with instructions to the the "entire raid could be a trap," no doubt helped aged to pull. cops who carried out the murderous Nov. 4, 1969, to hype up the- already-edgy, battle-armed cops. The latest fast one is the contractor's claim that raid on a Chicago Black Panther Party apartment, . The alleged purpose of the raid was to round rising costs, due to inflation, are keeping him from contains information that conflicts with previous up illegal weapons that an informant said were going through with construction of the $6.4-million testimony. there. The informant was William O'Neal, who low-to-middle-income project that has been stalled -The memo further underscores the need for a was then Panther chief of security. for more than a year. Black commission of inquiry into the savage at­ "Informant advised that he observed three sawed­ A lawyer for B. J. Builders, the contractor, says tack that ended in the slaying of Mark Clark and off shotguns at this location on December 2, 1969," that another $2-million is needed and says he wlll Fred Hampton- Hampton while he slept. Groth writes in the memo, dated Dec. 3, 1969. ask the state for the amount. If he cannot get the The memorandum was released as a result of a This, however, conflicts with what Roy Mitchell, money, he says he will ask the state to relieve $3.5-million damage suit filed by the parents of the FBI agent who hired O'Neal, wrote in a Dec. the company of the construction obligation. Hampton against Edward Hanrahan, former Il­ 12, 1969, memo. In that memo he said there were A lawyer for Temple of Kawaida, the spiritual linois state's attorney, and 12 of the 14 police only two illegal weapons, a sawed-off shotgun organization headed by Imamu Baraka that is the raiders. Other memos- one containing a sketch and a stolen police shotgun. Mitchell, moreover, sponsor of the project, however, said that the con­ of the apartment with a notation indicating where said that O'Neal told him of the illegal weapons' tractor is under a performance bond for the Hampton slept-were released earlier. presence on Dec. 1, not Dec. 2. original amount. The new memo is signed by Sergeant Daniel More importantly, O'Neal has testified that after Groth of the state's attorney's office, which con­ October .1969 he never told Mitchell about any A number of court battles have already been ducted the raid. It was released by the FBI, which legal or illegal guns being in the apartment. won by supporters of the Towers. But, as a Temple had infiltrated the Panthers and was engaged in a of Kawaida statement points out, despite "the vic­ campaign to "disrupt and neutralize" the group. New threat to Kawaida Towers- A carnival ma­ tory of Kawaida in the courts, the forces of politi­ Admonishing the cops to "TAKE NO gician couldn't pull as many tricks as opponents cal repression and economic exploitation have CHANCES!" Groth details what each one. was to of Kaw aida Towers- the beleaguered Bl~ck-spon- come out to reveal their real intentions."

National Picket Line Frank Lovell The struggle against rising prices An editorial on inflation in the July 11 issue of Many unions are seeking some kind of escalator wives, and the great mass of workers- including the Machinist, official weekly paper of the Inter­ formula as immediate protection against rising the unorganized and the unemployed- can all national Association of Machinists, states that prices, but there is also talk (very little action) join, in their capacity as consumers, in committees wages are 7. 7 percent higher than a year ago about the need to bring prices under control. Some on prices. and the Consumer Price Index is 10.7 percent union publications carry articles about the need The aim of these committees-made \!P of dele­ above May 1973. The difference is what workers to "roll back" prices. The AFL-CIO has raised gates from unions, factories, offices, and various have lost, and the question is what to do about it. this slogan timidly- something they say Congress community and consumer groups- would be to "The only hope we see is to tie wage rates to ought to do. demand their own policing of prices, since govern­ a cost-of-living escalator and try to ride along The past three-year experience with government ment control is a proven fraud .. with the inflation," says the Machinist. "If there's controls proved again that all such official strug~ The effort to police prices can be made meaning­ another way, nobody in Washington has discover­ gles with high prices are only sham battles to ful and effective only by demanding that the super­ ed it." divert attention from attacks on wages. There is markets and chain stores open their books. The The escalator clause can provide protection for a better answer for the worker to the problem committees should trace prices back from the re­ workers against the concealed wage cuts of infla­ of high prices. This is different from and in addi­ tailer to the wholesaler, processor, or manufac­ tion, providing it is adjusted to keep wages fully tion to the escalator clause. turer, and on to the big monopolies themselves, abreast of rising prices. Since. the basic idea of When workers confront the problem of rising demanding in each case that their books be opened a cost-of-living allowance has become widely ac­ prices, they do so directly as consumers- not as to reveal their true financial operations and profits. cepted, it now remains for workers to find ways producers. In both capacities, they rely upon their Such an investigation will conclusively prove that through their unions to ensure that all wages are unions and act through their unions. But when the real reason for high prices is not wages, but geared to rising prices and do not slip behind. it comes to dealing with prices on the retail store big business profiteering. This is not an easy matter. shelves, workers can seek alliances. _Price committees are no substitute for the fight It requires that the validity of the government's We saw an embryonic example of an alliance on the wage front, but they can be a parallel Consumer Price Index be challenged, that a new of consumers in the meat boycott in the spring of means of struggle. The struggle to defend the basis of measuring inflation by what workers must 1973. That alliance never developed beyond the workers living standards in the face of rising buy with their weekly paychecks be found, and initial actions, partly because the unions, with prices is necessarily related to the urgent need that a running adjustment of wages be made at few exceptions, failed to support it. for jobs in these times of increasing unemployment. short intervals. Professional people, small store owners, house- That will be the subject of next week's column.

14.-_: Boudin slandered as 'Soviet agent' Ellsberg lawyer was target of gov't smear By CINDY JAQUITH of the "spies" and "perjurers" he has In the wake of Watergate, those who The revelations surrounding the Penta­ defended have been acquitted of those are considered the "spies" and "con­ gon papers trial of Daniel Ellsberg very charges. spirators" are people like E. How­ have said a great deal about justice But the most slanderous assertion ard Hunt- a convicted burglar-and in capitalist society. Not willing to in this sketch is the charge that Bou­ Richard Nixon. rely on slandering Ellsberg in the news din is an agent of the Czechoslovak media, the U.S. governmentembarked and Soviet secret police. "The art of Psychiatric profile on a campaign to wreck his defense. espionage, of course, is seldom con­ The House Judiciary Committee has They went to such lengths as bur­ ducted in the open," Hunt wrote, "for also reprinted another example of the glarizing his psychiatrist's office, its very success depends upon those White House attacks on Ellsberg­ sending a gang of Cuban exiles to involved remaining hidden from pub­ a psychiatric profile done of the scien­ attack him, and offering his trial Judge lic view. tist by the CIA. In its study, the CIA the directorship of the FBI. "Nevertheless, it has been said with tried to find some explanation for Ells­ New evidence just released by the some certainty that over the years berg's behavior buried deep in his House Judiciary Committee now Leonard Boudin has been a contact past. shows that the White House also tried of both the Czech and Soviet espio­ The CIA psychiatrists argue that to interfere with Ellsberg's right to nage organizations, the latter best Ellsberg was motivated by "feelings counsel of his own choosing, by con­ known by its initials, KGB." That is, of jealousy toward his father." His de­ ducting a smear campaign against while he's· not in Cuba, "where he cision to turn against the war in Viet­ his chief attorney, Leonard Boudin. enjoys the revolutionary amenities of nam was a product of "anger and A prominent constitutional lawyer, the 'Havana Libre' (formerly Hilton) frustration engendered by his hepa­ Boudin is currently representing the Hotel, as an honored guest." titus," combined with the d"eath of his Socialist Workers Party and Young Socialist Alliance in a suit against illegal government attacks on the two Ellsberg a dupe? organizations. Hunt then carries his smear attack Nixon himself ordered his aides to one step further by accusing Ellsberg dig up material on Boudin to dis­ of being Boudin's dupe-"just one credit the lawyer and his client. One more client of a man and a law firm apparent product of that order was whose dedication over the years to a red-baiting biographica! sketch of the interests of our foreign and do­ mestic enemies has remained unwaver­ the attorney, drawn up in 1971 by Genocidal war in Vietnam, not psycho­ ing and absolute." White House plumber E. Howard logical disorders or secret agents, According to this kind of McCarthy­ Hunt. prompted people like Ellsberg to turn ite logic, it's therefore no wonder that against U.S. war aims. 'Strange AHinities' Ellsberg revealed "so many of the na­ The sketch, titled "The Strange M­ tion's most sensitive secrets to Ameri­ finities of Attorney Leonard Boudin," ca's citizens-and enemies." was designed for release to the news tinues to maintain, that Americans The White House apparently hoped media. Former Nixon aide John Ehr­ have a right to know," Hunt wrote. that this collection of lies and distor­ tions would discredit Boudin and Ells­ llchman sent it to Charles Colson on "If this is truly his profound belief, Militant/Flax Hermes , berg's case. This was not the first time Aug. 24, 1971. then Ellsberg should let America know White House attack called attorney such a slander campaign had been "Daniel Ellsberg stated, and con- why he retained an attorney who is Leonard Bovdin 'notorious' for defend­ launched against political defense both famous and notorious for his ing 'spies' and 'perjurers.' career-long defense of the Communist cases. At a news conference in New Party, Castro Cuba, assorted spies, York July 19, called by Boudin to perjurers, fellow travelers, conspira­ refute the Hunt charges, the attorney old commanding officer in Vietnam, tors, agitators and violent revolution­ also released some correspondence he the study explains. aries." has had with Charles Colson. One Nevertheless, Ellsberg's CIA "ana­ Hunt cites as examples of these "agi­ letter from Colson admitted that the lyst" did hold out some hope for re­ tators" and "conspirators" such clients smear attacks such as those on Bou­ covery. If Ellsberg got proper care, as Judith Coplon, a witch-hunt vic­ din "had become something of a stan­ the study concluded, "it is possible that tim; Philip Berrigan; the Cuban gov­ dard practice for the F.B.I. and other his destructive energy could be con­ ernment; and the National Emergency Government agencies." tained and even used to affect some Civil Liberties Committee: of which But the fact that the media did not change in his repetitious behavior." Boudin is general counsel. pick up Hunt's "background paper" This attempt to convice the Ameri­ Boudin also defended the Fort Jack­ on Boudin shows how little impact can people that Ellsberg released the son Eight, a group of antiwar Gls, such anticommunist propaganda has Pentagon papers because he was psy­ and three members of the Blooming­ today. Such attacks on the right of chologically disturbed never got any ton, Ind., Young Socialist Alliance attorneys to defend their clients with­ further than the effort to portray him framed up on charges of trying to out interference are more likely to pro­ as the dupe of "foreign agent"· Bou­ "overthrow the governmenf' in the voke anger today, just as the attacks din. The American people refused to Militant/Harry Ring early 1960s. on Ellsberg himself provoked such believe that it was either "sick" or Pentagon papers defendant Daniel Ells­ As Hunt himself bitterly notes, Bou­ widespread opposition that the case "subversive" to tell the truth about the berg was accused of being Boudin's dupe. din has a good "track record"-many was thrown out of court. war in Vietnam. Attica Brothers press to have charges dropped By REBECCA FINCH "We have nothing to negotiate. Jus­ is not ready," Smith said. "They have women and students from the listing, BUFFALO-"! wasn't born in pris­ tice is not something to bargain for," not given us the materials and evi­ but not Blacks, as the defense had al­ on. I wasn't raised in prison. I was Smith said of these offers. "You know dence we have requested." so claimed. Three thousand names raised in a community. The Attica the pressure this puts on some of the The defense won a partial legal vic­ are left from which jurors will be chos­ struggle is the same as other strug­ Brothers. Some of them are out, and tory two weeks ago when a judge or­ en for the September trials. gles, just a different front," Frank "Big with 'time served' provisions, they dered 110,000 names taken off the Expenses for the defense have been Black" Smith, national director of the could get off without spending any jury pool listing. The judge found massive. The office costs between $7,- Attica Brothers Legal Defense, said more time in prison by pleading there was systematic exclusion of 000 and $10,000 a month to run. here recently. He was urging support guilty. But so far, we are united on Court costs are phenomenal. Although for a memorial demonstration that this." the state legislature appropriated has been called here for Sept. 14 in de­ Offers of plea bargaining are not $750,000 for the defense, so far the fense of the Attica Brothers. the only method used by the govern­ committee has received none of it. By "The demonstration commemorates ment to try to divide the defendants contrast, an estimated $3-million is the third anniversary of the Attica and harm the defense effort. The being spent by the state for this frame­ massacre," Smith told The Militant in Brothers have evidence that provaca­ up. an interview in the committee's new teurs and agents have been sent into The defense committee will be con­ offices. He said the demands would the defense. Moreover, the telephone at ducting tours to build the Sept. 14 include: "Free the Attica Brothers. Dis­ the old office was found to be tapped. demonstration. Speakers are available miss All Indictments. Free All Political Also, the Erie County sheriff testified along with a movie that can be shown Prisoners, Free the People." at one hearing that he had assigned to help raise funds. Supporters can people to attend open defense meet­ order materials from the committee, The demand to drop the indictments ings. including Attica News, its biweekly has become more important as the Despite the government's obstruction newspaper. government steps up efforts to get of the pretrial discovery process, trial The address is Attica Brothers Legal some of the Brothers to plead guilty dates have been set for Sept. 3 for Frank 'Big Black' Smith, director of At­ Defense, 147 Franklin St., Buffalo, to lesser charges. most of the Brothers. But "our case tica defense committee. N.Y. 14202.

THE .. MILITANT/AUGUST 2, 1974 15' In rem_y to Chavez's attacks on 'illegals' Why UFW should solidarize wi· By MIGUEL PENDAS a very welcome turn in its policy. and HARRY RING UFW support for the Dixon Arnett LOS ANGELES- United Farm Work­ bill was withdrawn and a statement ers President Cesar Chavez has released opposing the Rodino bill. mounted an escalating attack on 'il­ That statement, issued March 26, legal" Mexican aliens. 1973, declared in part: His demands for wholesale depor­ "We feel that the Rodino Bill is not tations of undocumented Mexican the answer to our problems in the worker's is intended to relieve the criti­ fields, nor the answer to our brother cal situation of the beleaguered farm workers in the city.... Harassment workers' union. But if his attempt to and the breaking up of the family will pit "American citizens" and ''legal resi­ not protect our jobs from manage­ dents" against 'illegals" continues, it ment-oriented schemes to insure that could deal a costly blow to the union their pr!Jfit margin will not be affected and its efforts to organize agricultural by human needs.... " workers. On July 19 Chavez sent a telegram to the U.S. Border Patrol in Fresno, 'Aliens are our brothers' Calif., assertedly documenting the 'We are not opposed to aliens com­ presence of more than 2,000 ''illegal" ing into this country, because they are aliens in the area and demanding that not aliens; they are our brothers.... they be deported. "Finally, we must never lose sight According to a United Press Inter­ of our purpose nor our mutual shar­ national dispatch in the July 20 issue ing of injustices. We suffer and sweat of the Los Angeles Spanish-language together, not only as brothers in blood, daily La Opinion, Chavez provided but as workers. And as workers, we the Immigration Service with the must never allow the wholesale de­ names and home addresses of the un­ struction of our movement, nor pla­ documented workers in the area. cate the very interests that seek to For some months previous, Chavez destroy us: the employer, the labor had been demanding action by the Im­ contractor and the strikebreaker." migration Service-lamigra- against Relying on 'Ia migra' to get rid of strikebreakers is like expecting Ronald Reagan to But now under the pressure of an undocumented workers. At first he gen­ join a farm workers' picket line. extremely critical situation for the erally limited himself to demanding union, Chavez has abandoned any deportation of those actually being notion of solidarity with the super­ to control infections with this situa­ nized field workers and in conducting used as scabs at ranches and vine­ exploited undocumented workers and tion. Prostitutes will come into camps strikes. Because they are transient yards where there was an actual strike is helping to whip up the hysteria and in one night take 20 men apiece." workers from another country and in progress. against them. This will harm the Such scurrilous references to alleged in a very vulnerable position because union, not help it. Chauvinist theme promiscuity and venereal disease on of their 'illegal" status, it has unques­ For a number of reasons- includ­ the part of Mexicans echoes a theme tionably been difficult for the UFW Relying on border cops to rid the ing the nature of the agricultural in­ often used by racists in smear cam­ to organize extensively among the un­ fields of scabs, rather than on the dustry, the Teamster bureaucrats' paigns against a racial or national documented workers. strength of the movement, was a bad strikebreaking, and lack of adequate minority- including against Chi­ In the early years of its organizing support from the powerful AFL-CIO­ canos, whether they have documents efforts, the Chavez leadership tried to the union has been unable to halt pro­ or not. deal with the problem by joining in duction in the struck fields. In this Making clear that Chavez is not the cry to keep the undocumented situation it had to turn to the boycott limiting his deportation demand to workers out of the country. of scab grapes and lettuce and Gallo actual strikebreakers, the UFW is now A few years back the union leader­ wine to bring the growers to terms. circulating a petition that states: ship initially supported the Dixon Ar­ But the boycott movement has been "We respectfully request that the nett bill in the California legislature. limited too, first by the treacherous Congress of the United States exercise Supposedly designed to penalize em­ refusal of the top AFL-CIO leader­ its power over the Justice Department's ployers hiring undocumented work­ ship to give more than token support Immigration and Naturalization Ser­ ers, the bill actually would have fur­ to the movement, and secondly by the vice by enforcing immigration laws ther victimized them. The bill was failure of the UFW leaders themselves and removing the hundreds of thou­ passed but struck down by the Cali­ to systematically promote the most sands of illegal aliens now working fornia courts before it could be ap­ visible kind of mass boycott pickets in the fields. These illegals are break­ plied. ing farm workers' strikes, displacing and demonstrations. domestic farm workers from their (A disquieting note in this regard Divide and rule was introduced this past June 17 when jobs, and depressing agricultural During this period there was a grow­ wages." Chavez suggested at a Los Angeles ing recognition within the Chicano news conference that mass boycott ac­ Working-class means movement that the pitting of ''illegal" tivities may be a thing of the past. One thing should be clear-theUFW Mexicans against their Chicano sis­ "Support today is an effective low­ has the right to rid the fields of scabs ters and brothers was one more exam­ key support," he said, "not demon- by any means necessary, and it ple of the old employers' game of doesn't matter whether a scab is white, divide and rule. brown, legal, or "illegal." But it is There developed a growing soli­ Militant/Howard Petrick darity with the undocumented work­ necessary to use effectiveworking-class ers. Chavez's attack on 'illegals' will hurt, means of dealing with the problem of not help, the UFW. The point was driven home particu­ Stalinist strikebreakers. No union in history larly sharply because the presence of ever solved the problem by calling the undocumented workers is so wide­ enough mistake. But now Chavez is cops. spread. Almost every barrio resident duplicity calling for deportation of all undocu­ It is a fact that many impoverished has a relative or friend who is branded The opportunism o£ the Communist mented workers in the fields. Chavez Mexican workers slip across the bor­ an "illegal." Party leads it to commit unending echoes the all too familiar chauvinist der without U.S. "authorization" to ob­ With this growing sense of solidarity acts of duplicity against progressive theme that they are taking jobs from tain desperately needed work in the with the undocumented workers, the struggles. "domestic" workers, increasing the wel­ fields and urban areas of the South­ antideportation movement gained When Cesar Chavez made his July fare rolls, lowering wages, and - west. ground. Organizations such as CASA 1 attack on undocumented workers spreading venereal disease! It is also a fact that the Border Pa­ in Los Angeles and others began cam­ -including the shameful charge of In a July 1 statement to the media, trol closes its eyes to this practice when paigning against the Dixon Arnett law bringing gonorrhea into the coun­ quoted in the July 13 People's World, the agricultural and urban employ-. and its congressional counterpart, the try-the July 13 People's World, Chavez reportedly declared: ers need a big supply of cheap labor Rodino bill. National conferences have West Coast voice of the CP, fea­ ''Illegal aliens are ... costing Ameri­ (the mass deportations generally coin­ been held on the issue and demonstra­ tured the story approvingly on page can taxpayers $115 million in lost cide with a "surplus" of undocumented tions organized. 2. It described the Chavez state­ taxes .annually and increasing taxes workers). One such demonstration to demand ment as a "scathing expose" of the for welfare and food stamps." It is also a fact that the powerful a halt to the gestapolike activity of la Chavez cited the word of a Fresno agribusiness interests exploit and migra is being planned for Aug. 31 Immigration Service. area doctor that with the presence of abuse the undocumented workers in in Los Angeles under the banner of Meanwhile, the same issue of the the undocumented workers there was the cruelest way arid they have not "Raza Si, Migra No." PW did carry a story on plans for a big increase in gonorrhea. hesitated to use them as strikebreakers As the UFW worked to win support the Aug. 31 antideportation demon­ He quoted the doctor as saying: against the UFW. for the boycott movement, it came stration being built in Los Angeles "Prostitutes around here are running Nor is there any question that this to recognize that it was ·out of step and other cities. That story was wild. They are brought in by the bus­ is an enormous problem for the union with the rest .of the Chicano movement buried toward the end of the issue. load from Fresno. It is impossible both in terms of organizing unorga- on the deportation issue and it made -H.R.

16 th undocumented workers stration, banner-waving support.'') veniently aside at a critical point in complain? A bosses' phone call to all rights. Faced with mounting difficulties, the the struggle. La migra is sufficient to deal with the It is up to the UFW to join and, UFW leaders are apparently gambling Solidarity with the thousands of un­ problem. yes, help lead the fight for full civil that by raising a hue and cry about documented Mexican workers is one And with many of the undocumented rights for undocumented workers. importing "illegals" they can somehow of the keys to victory for the union. workers truly desperate for work they They must put the spotlight of public save the situation. They could not Why do the rulers maintain the can be used as strikebreakers. (Many opinion on the disgraceful conditions be more mistaken. whole category of "illegals"? They also are often brought into strike situ­ under which undocumented workers To begin with, La migra does what could easily give papers to everyone ations without knowing it, and the are compelled to work and live. it does because it is there to serve who wants to come here and work union has been able to persuade them The union should be leading the the interests of agribusiness. Calling and if they really didn't want them to either slow down production or demonstrations demanding a halt to on the border cops to rid the struck here, the government possesses the leave the struck fields.) the racist persecution of the undocu­ personnel and technical resources to mented workers by La migra. These fields of strikebreakers is about the Reactionary logic same as calling on the sheriff's depu­ shut down the border so tight that no workers must have the right to join But can this problem be solved by ties to function as though they were one would be able to slip th.rough. the union and strike without fear of a campaign demanding that the hated hired security guards for the union. The government permits the border being deported! migra "enforce the law" ?Such demands And calling on La migra to close passage of undocumented workers Nor is it only a matter of long­ have a logic to them and it is a reac­ off the ranchers' supply of supercheap when and as it sees fit because that range damage to the union. Shout­ tionary logic that puts the unionists labor is like calling on Ronald Reagan suits the needs of the employers. ing about 'illegals" won't force a single to join a farm workers' picket line. "Illegals" are at the mercy of the in a bad situation indeed. grower to sign a union contract, but The need to stand in solidarity with employers. They have to take the Chavez's latest declaration, which it will turn off many supporters of so-called illegals is not a matter of worst jobs at the lowest pay under the adapts to the racist propaganda the union right now- especially sup­ some abstract principle to be put con- most rotten conditions. And if they against the undocumented workers, is porters whose backing is vital. scandalous enough. Least of all can the Chicano victims of U.S. racism Harmful policy afford to yield even a fraction of an And in the union itself such a policy inch to racist smears on anyone. will be harmful. There are many Today, Chavez says get rid of the union activists and staff members who "illegals" who take jobs from "domes­ understand the need not to be pitted tic" workers. What will happen tomor­ against the undocumented workers. row as unemployment rises and white Their efforts will suffer. Supporters racist union of(icials point to the Chi­ of the UFW have an inescapable re­ canos and say get rid of the ''Mexi­ sponsibility to continue to actively pro­ cans" who take jobs from white Ameri­ mote the boycott of scab produce. They can workers? also have a responsibility to persuade Even now, in one for·m or another, the upion that in this matter it is Chicanos are told, "Go back to Mexi­ making a serious, costly mistake. co!" Can anything be more suicidal Pitted against powerful agribusiness than to point a finger at brothers and interests, the United Farm Workers sisters and say, "No, send them back gained ground because it was seen to Mexico!" by the field hands and by tens of The only principled, realistic course thousands of supporters in the cities open to the UFW is to stand in full as La causa- a social movement of solidarity with the undocumented an oppressed people struggling for workers and to become their fore­ the right to a union, decent wages, most champions. better conditions, and human dignity. Employers can use undocumented The attacks on the undocumented Ring workers to drive down wages and workers will badly compromise that UFW gained wide support as 'Ia causa,' a social movement fighting for human dignity break strikes because they are denied rightfully won image. New support for 'Stop deportation' action By MIGUEL PENDAS mandad General de Trabajadores LOS ANGELES- The campaign and the National Committee to to build the Aug. 31 antidepor­ Free Los Tres. tation demonstration here has Groups of rank-and-file Chicano moved forward with the endorse­ workers at several factories in the ment of the Mexican-American La­ Los Angeles area are actively sup­ bor Council and the American porting the demonstration. Weekly Civil Liberties Union of Southern meetings of the coalition have in­ California. volved Chicano students of the Cal The Mexican-American Labor State at Los Angeles MECHA as Council, composed of Chicano well as groups of antideportation unionists, is an official arm of the activists from Long Beach and Los Angeles County Federation of Santa Ana. In addition, Chicano Labor, AFL-CIO. groups from San Diego, San Jose, The demonstration, billed as a Oakland, Fresno, and Modesto are Moratorium Against La Migra (the publicizing the action. Immigration Service) is sponsored CASA spokesman Bert Corona by the National Coalition for Fair is touring the state to build the Immigration Laws. The central de­ Moratorium and reports that there mand of the action is "Stop Depor­ is growing interest among Chica­ tation." A widely distributed leaf­ nos and trade unionists. let explains that undoc'\lmented workers are not the ones to blame On the day of the action marchers for unemployment and other eco­ will assemble at 10 a.m. at Belve­ nomic ills, but rather the wealthy dere Park. After a march through corporations that control the econ­ the Chicano community of East omy. Los Angeles, filing principally Weekly mobilizations to build the down the commercial area of Whit­ protest are scheduled every Satur­ tier Blvd., there will be a rally at day at 10 a.m. On Saturday, July Salazar Park at 1 p.m. 20, nearly 40 activists turned out. CASA is serving as an or­ Organized into brigadas, they ganizing center for Aug. 31. Those fanned out into the Chicano com­ wishing to help are encouraged to munity, distributing more than 15,- pick up leaflets, attend the weekly 000 leaflets to shoppers and pas­ meetings Thursday at 7:30 p.m., sers-by in one afternoon. Brigades and join in the Saturday leafleting also go out leafleting and pasting mobilizations. The address is 2671 up during the week. West Pico, Los Angeles, Calif. Among the principal organizers 90006. Telephone: (213)487-4171 of the Moratorium are CASA-Her- or 487-4336. Antideportation demonstration in los Angeles last year Militant/Walter Lippmann

_THE MILITANT/AUGUST 2, 1974 17 Strikes sweep across country as most public workers, low-paid state and city employees are striking in Growing larger numbers. And there is growing trade-union militancy among many w bite-collar employees-teachers, nur­ militancy ses, office workers -who formerly tended to view themselves as "profes­ sionals" rather than as workers. Worn- of union en are playing a major role in many strikes. Particularly significant is the grow­ ranks ing popularity of the cost-of-living By ANDY ROSE escalator clause, which is the key is­ In mid-July, governmentmediatorsan­ sue in a number of strikes. Instead nounced, the number of strikes in of relying on price controls or any progress hit 588, the highest total other palliative offered by Congress, since they began keeping count 15 workers are demanding the right to years ago. Almost a quarter of a automatic wage increases that match million workers were on strike. price increases. Workers reject any no­ The reason was not hard to find. tion that they are responsible for the Columbus, Ohio. State employees demonstrate at legislature for wage increase. Despite all the government's rosy pre­ economic mess and should sacrifice dictions, prices are still shooting up­ to "bring inflation under control." CWA executive board did not even au­ dustries. ward at record-breaking rates. The experience of the wage con­ thorize a strike vote until after con­ Steel and aluminum workers, also The Consumer Price Index jumped trols and the Watergate revelations tracts expired July 17, then ordered USW A members, now make about $1 a full 1 percent in June, cutting the about government collusion with big a mail ballot that takes two weeks an hour more than copper workers. real purchasing power of the average business have left few working peo­ to complete. A large proportion of the copper worker's paycheck another 0.2 per­ ple inclined to trust the government CWA members were reported to have workers are Chicanos- 60 percent at cent. to safeguard their interests. walked out spontaneously in several Magma. Recently some women have At the same time, the stagnation The latest Louis Harris survey found areas when their contracts expired. been hired as miners. of the economy was confirmed by that 83 percent of those polled gave The contracts are being ~tended on Anaconda Copper, which employs Commerce Department figures show­ the administration a "poor" or "only a day-to-day basis, though, and a 6,000 workers in three states, nar­ ing that real output of goods and fair" rating on its economic policies. settlement is rumored to be near. rowly avoided a strike by settling June services dropped at an annual rate According to the Associated Press, Major unresolved talks still lie ahead. 30. The terms were almost exactly the of 1.2 percent in the second quarter "The households questioned showed In September and October, contracts same as in the basic steel contract ne­ of 1974, following a 7 percent rate negative feelings about the ability of end between 60,000 workers who are gotiated by the USWA last spring: of decline in the first quarter. the Federal Government to control re­ members _of the United Auto Work­ tiny wage increases of 28 cents an Administration spokesmen hastened cessions or prevent a great depression." ers and the International Associa­ hour now, 16 cents next year, and to state that this was not a recession. Those polled declined, by 49 to 29 tion of Machinists, and the major 17 cents in the third year. Whatever you call it, at least 4.8 mil­ percent, to accept the view· that "infla­ aerospace companies, McDonnell The cost-of-living clause, to be paid lion workers are unemployed even by tion can be controlled by raising in­ Douglas, Lockheed, Boeing, and Rock­ quarterly, . gives a one-cent-an-hour government reckoning. terest rates, thus making it harder well International. raise for every 0.3-point increase in The number of strikes has escalated for people to buy such things as The unions have announced that the Consumer Price Index. This is rapidly ever since government wage houses and automobiles." the McDonnell Douglas aircraft divi­ also the same formula as in steel. controls expired April 30. In addi­ Some capitalist newspapers have sion will be their pattern-setting tar­ As the July 1 contract deadline tion to the struggles described in other compared what is happening now to get. neared, rank-and-file miners were articles on these pages, National Air­ the mighty strike wave that followed A nationwide coal strike is widely keyed up for either a new contract or lines was shut down by 1,600 mem­ the end of World War II. This, how­ predicted for November, and railroad a strike. Copper negotiations are not bers of the machinists union, and Gen­ ever, is a great exaggeration. contacts expire in December. bound by the no-strike deal signed ear­ eral Motors plants in St. Louis, Mo. Most of the current strikes are small; Despite the limitations of the current lier this year between USWA President ( 5, 700 workers), and Lordstown, only 42 involve 1,000 or more work­ strike upsurge, it is an indication of I.W. Abel and the steel trust, though Ohio (7,800), were closed down by ers. Most have been settled relatively heightened militancy among workers Abel no doubt hopes for such a strike strikes over working conditions. quickly, with unions often winning in this country, and a herald of great­ ban in copper in the future. The current round of strikes is an wage increases around 10 percent. er struggles still to come. A strike authorization vote showed indication of the pent-up anger of For two and a half years the fight 94.3 percent of the workers in favor working people and their determina­ for higher wages was put on ice be­ of strike action. tion to defend themselves against the cause of the union officials' refusal When the deadline passed, workers ravages of inflation. According to fig­ to stand up against Nixon's wage 22,000 walked off the job at ASARCO's smelt- , ures compiled by government medi­ controls. With the lifting of controls, er in Hayden, Ariz., and Kennecott's ators, rank-and-file unionists are turn­ a test of strength was inevitable. But Chino mine in Silver City, N. Mex. ing down 12.3 percent of all negotia­ so far this testing has been limited copper The union ordered them back to work, ted settlements, compared to 9.6 per­ almost entltely to local strikes be­ • however, and announced it had grant­ cent a year ago. tween individual unions and em­ ed the company officials a two-week In spite of laws banning strikes by ployers. m1ners extension. Neither the top union officials nor When time ran out again without a the corporations want a national con­ settlement, the unions struck. frontation, and so far they have still out Although Kennecott workers were avoided one. The union officials, firm­ By BETSY McDONALD back on the job by July 21, neither ly committed to the capitalist profit TUCSON, Ariz.- Twenty-two thou­ union officials nor the company have system and tied hand and foot to the sand copper workers remain on strike released details of the settlement. It capitalist· political parties, fear that against three of the "Big Five" U.S. is unofficially reporteEi to provide such a struggle might go beyond their copper producers- American Smelt­ higher wages than the Anaconda con­ bureaucratic control. The monopolists ing and Refining Company (ASAR­ tract, plus improved benefits and a know they cannot defeat the major CO), Phelps Dodge, and Magma­ $100 bonus for each worker. industrial unions in a head-on battle as well as two smaller companies. Union leaders are holding up the without bringing to bear the power A total of 32,000 workers walked Anaconda and Kennecott deals as of their government-that's what off their jobs July 15. Two days later models for settlements with the other wage controls were all about. a tentative settlement was reached with companies. Settlements that provide very poor Kennecott, the largest company, which Working conditions and job safety wage increases were reached in auto, employs 10,000 workers. are being negotiated as "local issues." steel, aluminum, can, and East Coast The workers are represented by a The pace of work is intense as the longshore without strikes, and inmen's 26-union coalition dominated by the companies demand around-the-clock clothing with a short walkout. The United Steelworkers of America operation of the mines and smelters, AFL-CIO executive council is hail­ (USWA). Their previous contracts with three shifts daily. ing the no-strike "Experimental Ne­ with the struck ·companies expired In addition, Magma and Phelps gotiating Agreemenf' in the steel in­ June 30. Dodge work virtually a six-day week, dustry as the model for strikeless bar­ Stated goals for the new contracts and paid vacations are only for one gaining in the future. included common contract terms and week after the first year of work. One The Communications Workers o( expiration d'ates throughout the in­ issue in the deadlocked .Phelps Dodge America, which represents 500,000 dustry, improved fringe benefits and negotiations is the company's refusal workers in the giant Bell telephone cost-of-living clause, and wage in­ to schedule fewer than 12 days work Baltimore. Sanitation workers walked out system, is now engaged in industry­ creases to bring wages closer to those out of 14. despite antistrike law. wide bargaining for the first time. The in the aluminum and basic steel in- A woman in the machinists union workers battle high cost of living told The Militant they are often forced When union officials labeled the fight for their rights, and said this had to work on what are supposed to be open-shop threat a bluff, the AGC an effect on their decision to strike. paid holidays. "But if we don't work, spokesman elaborated: "The plans are San Diego One woman said the hospital admin­ we don't get paid," she said. now being made. We have problems • istration often promotes male em­ Perhaps because of such conditions, about such matters as our pension ployees over female workers who are strikers interviewed by The Militant funds, with millions of dollars in them, nurses 1n more qualified. were more interested in benefits- sick which have to be solved, but we are So far the strike is solid, and culi- pay, better vacations, earlier retire­ going ahead with plans to run non- nary workers, operating engineers, ment- than wage increases. "The gov­ union." ·militant andpharmacists, who are in theretail ernment just takes the money," said He admitted that while it will be clerks union, are respecting the picket the wife of one striker. "very difficult to get skilled nonunion line. "Our life expectancy is short," a Chi­ craftsmen to replace those on strike, walkout In a related development, nurses at cano underground miner said. "Most we expect thousands of union people By MARK SCHNEIDER the Stanford, Calif., Medical Center of us are dead before we're 65. We will just put their union cards in their SAN DIEGO- The militancy shown struck for 11 days at the beginning never get to enjoy retirement benefits." boots while they come to work for us." by Northern California nurses in their of July and won a pay increase of As though to emphasize the problem The head of the Southern California victorious three-week strike last month 15 percent the first contract year and of safety, just one week after the strike carpenters threatened that "if they try has inspired hospital employees 8.5 percent the second year. It was began a supervisor at Magma fell 300 to go through with it, it is going to throughout the state. the first such strike in the hospital's feet down a mine shaft to his death. be one mess." On July 11, 600 nurses, technicians, history. Union negotiators are asking that However, Joseph Seymour, head of and other workers struck three Kaiser their safety representatives be allowed Operating Engineers Union Local 12, medical facilities in San Diego. to investigate accidents and unsafe said his members will work alongside The workers are members of Office conditions, and accompany state mine nonunion workers so long as Local and Professional Employees Interna­ inspectors on their tours. tional Union Local 443. They want a The workers' power to enforce safety 1 5 percent wage increase; premium Bay Area regulations is nullified, though, by pay for intensive care, operating, and contract provisions barring strikes emergency room workers; a fully paid over grievances. dental plan; two additional holidays; transit This no-strike clause was invoked and a 10-cent-an-hour raise for each by Magma a month ago to fire 73 year over four years on the job. workers after a short unauthorized Kaiser administrators have offered workers strike. only a 5.5 percent wage increase, and One of the greatest problems beset­ union president Naomi Parsons re­ ting the copper workers has been the ports "no progress" in ·negotiations. hold rally multiplicity and divisiveness of unions Most members of the union ·are in By JOE WARD representing them in the face of a hand­ the three lowest-paid job categories, OAKLAND, Calif. -One thousand ful of giant copper companies owned such as maids, who get $481.52 a striking transit workers held a march by corporate conglomerates. month, and nurses' aides, at $508.65. and rally July 19 to demand that the In 1967 the International Union of This is the first strike in Local 443's Alameda-Contra Costa Transit Dis­ Mine, Mill, and Smelter Workers history, and for nearly all the work­ trict (AC Transit) participate in mean­ merged with the USW A, which went on ers it is the first timethey have ever ingful negotiations with their union. to spearhead formation of the 26- walked a picket line. Most are young The central issue in the strike, which union nonferrous bargaining council. and enthusiastic about the strike. began July 1, is the union's right to Some of the other unions involved are They scorn the argument that strikes keep a cost-of-living clause won in the Teamsters, United Transportation are "unprofessional." "I've been in the previous contract. The workers Union, Painters, and International nursing 22 years," Parsons said, "and also want fringe benefits improved to Brotherhood of Electrical Workers. all those years I've had to eat and · match thqse of other transit workers A nine-month strike ensued ·in 1967- pay bills. I know there's nothing 'un­ in the Bay Area. 68, the longest copper strike in U. S. professional' about striking." On strike are 1, 600 bus drivers, history, but failed to win the key de­ Also at issue is the quality of patient mechanics, and office workers, mem­ mands of uniform contract terms and care. The union points out that the bers of Amalgamated Transit Union expiration dates. To this day the com­ patient load at Kaiser has nearly Division 192. They hit the bricks after Government's Consumer Price Index panies refuse to negotiate in the same doubled in the last year, while staff negotiations for a new contract broke rose in June at 12 percent annual rate. room or even in the same city. size has hardly increased. down due to AC Transit's refusal to Many workers see cost-of-living clause as The current uneven patchwork of Three-fourths of the strikers are consider the cost-of-living demand. only possible protection against inflation. strikes and inadequate settlements women. Several pointed out that AC Transit has consistently tried shows that copper workers urgently women in other fields have begun to to cheat its employees out of the cost­ need not just a bargaining alliance of 12's agreements are maintained. ''We of-living money owed them. In 1972 union officials, but fighting unity of have our own contracts and intend it simply refused to pay the cost-of­ the ranks to win better wages and con­ to honor them," Seymour said. living raise specified in the contract. ditions. Local 12 officials had announced The dispute was submitted to arbi­ June 18 that they were withdrawing tration and the union won. Manage­ from Southern California building­ ment still refused to pay the increase, trades councils and that engineers and the union took them to court. On Builders would not honor picket lines of June 14, as a result of a court order, striking carpenters. the transit workers were awarded Several Teamsters locals are also about $1,000 each in back pay, the threaten ready to work alongside nonunion largest arbitration award in Bay workers in cooperation with Local 12 Area history. and the contractors. Now AC Transit is trying to turn carpenters In Northern California, the carpen­ public sentiment against the union by • • ters' settlement with the AGC is re­ accusing the strikers of inconvenienc­ ported to be virtually the same as an ing the 200,000 Bay Area commuters un1on earlier pact reached with the Home­ who normally use the bus service. By ROBERT WEST builders Association. It is clear, however, that the respon­ SAN FRANCISCO- Representatives These events bring home the sibility for any inconvenience caused of the '15,000 carpenters on strike in worsening position of building-trades by the strike falls entirely on AC Northern California have reportedly workers. Employers' mouthpieces Transit. Its representative walked into come to agreement with the Associated inside the unions will point to the the first negotiating session and de­ General Contractors (AGC). "fruitless" strike of carpenters as an clared its contract offer to be its first However, negotiations between the argument against fighting back. and final proposal. AGC and the Southern California car­ Union bureaucrats will seek to justify One striker told The Militant this penters broke down July 17, and a their policy of capitulating piecemeal offer would mean "we would go back spokesman for the employers warned to the employers by pointing to the to work under our old contract with they are now "developing plans to go contractors' threat of operating non­ no cost-of-living clause." nonunion." union. The union has offered to return to Sixty thousand carpenters, cement These latest developments underline work under the old contract while masons, and laborers had walked off the disastrous consequences of the anti­ negotiations are conducted. AC Tran­ their jobs in Los Angeles and 10 other quated craft divisions in the build­ sit has arrogantly refused, insisting Southern California: counties on July ing trades, compounded by the union the workers must first give up the 1, demanding substantial wage in­ officials' failure to mobilize the ranks San Diego. Hospital workers stage their cost-of-living clause. In the meantime creases. against the employers' attacks. first strike. the strikers are standing firm.

THE MILITANT/AUGUST 2, 1974 1.9, Voters ogP-Qsed to wage controls Why Liberals were reelected in Canada From Intercontinental Press but at lower, subsidized prices in Can­ keep parliament functioning." And "not an absolute majority in parliament. By DICK FIDLER ada. In practice, such a system would for eighteen months- but perhaps for U.S. capitalist circles, which own The Liberal government headed by benefit Canadian manufacturers, while two, three, four years," he told an in­ about half of Canada's manufacturing Pierre Elliot Trudeau was reelected Canadian consumers continued to pay terviewer. industry, were no less exultant. "Cana­ in Canada's federal election July 8, world prices on manufactured prod­ According to the Canadian revolu­ da has given the world an impressive winning 141 seats in parliament, 32 ucts. tionary-socialist fortnightly, Labor demonstration of the health and vi­ more than in the 1972 election. They The NDP was seriously compro­ Challenge, one NDP leader, Edward brancy of its democratic institutions gained in seven of the ten provinces mised, moreover, by the fact that for Schreyer, the premier of the province and practices," wrote the editors of and swept most of the ·major cities. the past twenty months- during which of Manitoba, declared his support ear­ the New York Times on July 10. The Progressive Conservatives or prices have shot upward with no re­ lier this year for "a frank and open "At a time when democratic institu- "Tories" slipped from 107 seats in the sponse from the government- it has coalition" with one of the capitalist / tions are in retreat or under heavy last parliament to 95, smashing their voted consistently with the Liberals parties, if another minority govern­ pressures almost everywhere," they hopes of replacing the Liberals in gov­ in Ottawa to keep the Trudeau govern­ ment were to be elected. When Lewis wrote, "and when weak, minority gov­ ernment. ment in office. In fact, the NDP leaders was asked during the election cam­ ernments are the rule rather than the The Social Credit party, based in were in the peculiar position during paign if he would favor a formal exception throughout the Western Quebec, dropped from its previous 15 this election of favoring reelection of coalition with the Liberals in the next world, the significance of the decisive seats to 11, losing some 200,000 votes a Liberal government. parliament, he refused to comment. outcome in Canada's general election in Quebec, mainly to the Liberals, can hardly be exaggerated." who took all but three of the remain­ ing seats in the French-speaking prov­ ince. Behind Liberal 'mandate' The biggest loser in the election was In reality, the Trudeau govern­ the New Democratic party (NDP), ment's "mandate" resulted more from Canada's labor party. Its parliamen­ popular opposition to wage controls tary representation was halved, drop­ than from anything the government ping from 31 to 16 seats, and its has done or proposes to do. Two days share of the total vote declined by 2.5 after the election, Ottawa released the percent to 15 percent. NDP leader latest statistics on inflation, showing David Lewis lost his own seat to a that consumer prices have risen 11.4 little-known Liberal candidate. In Brit­ percent in the past year, the largest ish Columbia, a traditional strong­ annual increase in twenty-three years. hold of the NDP, it dropped from 11 The editors of the Toronto Star noted seats to 2. Its representation was also · Trudeau's admission that the Liberals reduced in the other two western prov­ have their own "contingency program inces where it holds office, Saskatche- of income and price controls." The wan and Manitoba. editors added regretfully, "Having Ironically, the main factor in Tru­ campaigned so adamantly against deau's victory was inflation- over controls, however, Trudeau has made which he claimed he had no control. it immensely more difficult to gain Prices are rising in Canada at a year­ the vital element of public acceptance ly rate of more than 10 percent, and and co-operation in a program of the high cost of living was the domi­ economic restraint." nant election issue. Inflation was major issue in election. Above, Canadian railway workers during 1973 Despite the claim of the New York According to Peter Regenstreif, a strike. Times that "with this election, the pollster, "Personal interviews showed Canadians have sharpened their iden­ that in some areas of the country con­ tity as a united people and nation," cern about inflation was running as Much of their campaign was spent The NDP leadership's attack on the the Quebec national question was not high as 80 per cent. In the history of in boasting of "concessions" they corporations (for "excess profits") was a big issu~ in the election. No major polling in Canada, no issue has ever claimed ·to have wheedled from the more populist than anticapitalist. Lew­ party supports the self-determination registered so strongly." Liberals in return for their parliamen­ is called for wresting decision-making of the Quebecois nation (almost one­ tary collaboration. This tended to ap­ power away from the corporations third of the Canadian population). pear as praise for the accomplish­ and placing it in a parliament and A traditionally high abstention rate Wage controls ments of the Liberals at the expense government purged of corporate in­ in federal elections has reflected the The Conservatives centered their of the NDP. To many voters, it must fluence. alienation of the Quebecois from the campaign on a promise to impose have seemed that the NDP differed In the wake of its election debacle, Canadian confederation. This year, ~ontrols on prices and incomes"- i.e., but little from the Liberal party. the NDP is almost certain to face an the Parti Quebecois, a mass petty­ wage controls- if elected. The elector­ Above all, the NDP leaders cam­ internal crisis. Even before the elec­ bourgeois party that advocates an ate reacted sharply against this pro­ paigned- as always- as responsible tion, its membership was dropping, independent Quebec, called for Quebec posal. "By the end of the campaign," parliamentarians, with ''making par­ and there was considerable demorali­ voters to spoil their ballots as a pro­ Regenstreif said, "close to half the elec­ liament work" their highest priority. zation in party ranks as a result of test against the oppression of Quebec torate was against the proposal and A major theme in their campaign, its parliamentary collusion with the by Ottawa. Federal authorities refused barely one-third was in favor." The aside from pro forma calls for the Liberals. to report how many ballots were election became, in effect, a plebiscite election of an NDP government, was The Canadian bourgeoisie was elat­ spoiled in Quebec; but in 1972, it on the issue of wage controls, with the advantage of minority government ed with the election results. The Lib­ was some 5. 8 percent of the total, far the Liberals opposing such controls by one of the capitalist parties (the erals' parliamentary majority relieves more than in any other province. as unworkable, while carefully refrain­ Liberals, it was implied) with the NDP them of the ne~essity of relying on the The revolutionary-socialist alterna­ ing from committing themselves to providing helpful advice- and needed support of the NDP for the next four tive in the election was advanced by any alternative proposal. In fact, Tru­ parliamentary support. to five years, the length of their elec­ the Trotskyists of the League for So­ deau argued that the government was If a minority government is elected, toral mandate. This is only the second cialist ActionjLigue Socialiste Ouvri­ powerless to combat inflation, that Lewis told a television audience, "it time in the six elections since 1962 ere, the Canadian section of the national measures could not counter­ will be our duty to look for ways to that the governing party has enjoyed Continued on page 30 act an escalation of prices rooted in world conditions. The NDP ought to have challenged this line and advanced an anticapital­ Socialist candidate debates forei ist alternative program around such During the recent election campaign protecting democracy, alliances like demands as a cost-of-living clause in in Canada, Kate Alderdice, candi­ NATO and NORAD [North Ameri­ union contracts, reopening of collec­ date of the LSA/LSO, debated her can Air Defense Agreement] are de­ tive agreements to provide for imme­ opponent, Canadian External Af­ signed to protect Canadian and diate wage increases, arid sliding-scale fairs Minister Mitchell Sharp. other big business interests around increases in pensions and other forms Alderdice used her time to de­ the world. NATO in fact includes of fixed incomes. All these demands nounce Canada's imperialist for­ some of the most undemocratic re­ have been advanced by workers in eign policy and to challenge Sharp gimes in the world- like the regime recent strikes and other labor strug­ on his responsibility for it. Refer­ of the Greek colonels and the dic­ gles. ring to Sharp's role as host to the tatorship in Portugal, recently re­ But the NDP, a party largely fi­ NATO foreign ministers' confer­ placed by a military coup. Canada ence in Ottawa a few days earlier, nanced by the trade unions, offered doled out $81-million in military Alderdice stated: "I was glad to see no clear alternative to the demagogy equipment to Portugal through the conference greeted by a demon­ of the Liberals and Tories. The NDP NATO, which has been used to stration demanding that NATO be carry out its colonial wars. This advocated "selective price controls" disbanded. I believe it should be is not where Canada belongs- we and a nationalistic "two price" system disbanded, and Canada should should be on the side of the African under which basic export commodi­ withdraw immediately. freedom fighters, not the Portuguese ties, ~hiefly natural resources, would "Far from maintaining peace or colonialists." KATE ALDERDICE: 'Disband NATO.' be sold at world market prices abroad

20 ,.~ .. -~·.\· ·~ ~.il' ,.~!1: Wounded Knee judge jails defense att'y By GREG CORNELL Under cross-examination by Lane, Your Honor." ST. PAUL, Minn.- U.S. District Russman admitted that she feared This remark was considered "most Judge Fred Nichol attacked the de­ prosecution for participating in a contemptuous" by Judge Nichol and SWP: 'Drop fense in the Wounded Knee trial last roadblock set up by a goon squad Lane was cited for contempt and week, jailing defense attorney Mark on the Pine Ridge Reservation, just jailed! Lane and threatening to jail defen­ outside Wounded Knee last year. She Lane emerged from the jail cell not­ the charges!' dant Russell Means. also conceded that she feared prose­ ing that Nichol's actions were de­ ST. PAUL- Three leaders of the The judge's actions had even neu­ cution of her husband, John Russ­ signed to intimidate defense counsel Socialist Workers Party met with tral courtroom observers shaking man, who the defense says was a from pursuing an aggressive defense Dennis Banks and Russell Means their heads in disbelief. goon-squad leader. The goon squad, of their clients. The contempt citation July 18 and pledged continued sup­ Nichol cited Lane for contempt of organized by tribal president Richard could lead to disbarment proceedings port to the Wounded Knee defen­ court and ordered him jailed for an Wilson, has been conducting a terr_or against Lane by the New York Bar dants. hour and a half during the noon re­ campaign against the American Indi­ Association, Lane said. He plans to "Every charge should be dropped cess July 20. an Movement members and sup­ appeal the contempt charge. against all the defendants in the Lane had been cross-examining a porters for nearly two years. Dennis Banks told The Militant that Wounded Knee cases," the SWP government witness in the trial of Den­ Throughout the cross-examination the judge's actions will be added to a leaders said in a joint statement nis Banks and Russell Means, who of Nancy Russman, Nichol sustained motion for dismissal "on grounds of issued after the meeting. face a ten-count indictment for their a series of government motions ob­ judicial bias shown by this court." "The government is out to destroy leadership role in last year's seizure jecting to Lane's questions. After one the American Indian Movement. A of Wounded Knee, S.D. Lane was try­ such objection by Richard Hurd, chief Earlier in the day, Nichol had victory for the government in this ing to show that the witness, Nancy prosecuting attorney, was sustained blasted Russell Means during a heated case would be a vicious blow to Russman, was fabricating testimony by the judge, Lane said: "I have no courtroom exchange. He accused AIM and a defeat for the entire Means of a "contemptuous gesture" for against Banks and Means to avoid further questions in view of the court's movement, including the Black and merely pointing at prosecuting attor­ prosecution herself. ruling. It's very difficult to proceed, Chicano struggle, socialist activists, ney Hurd. He then cited other alleged and all radical groups. We can't activities by Means and threatened to let that defeat occur." jail him overnight for any future "in­ Meeting with Banks and Means cidents". "I give you fair warning," were Maceo Dixon, national chair­ Nichol said. man of the SWP election campaign It is difficult to tell what effect the committee; Frank Boehm, national jailing of Lane and threatening of secretary of the SWP national cam­ Means will have on the jury of nine paign committee; and Jane Van women and three men who have Deusen, SWP candidate for gover­ watched Nichol berate the defense on nor of Minnesota. a nearly daily basis for seven months. Dixon said later it was critical Nichol's job is to make this frame­ that "everyone who believed in up look like a showpiece of justice, basic civil liberties should rally to but it isn't working. His attitude ap­ the cause of the Wounded Knee pears to be that Banks and Means are defendants." guilty until proven innocent. But the real guilt lies on the shoul­ "This trial is just the extension of ders of Nichol and the U.S. govern­ a· process that has been going on ment for pursuing the prosecution of for centuries," Dixon said. "I'm re­ this case. ferring to the genocidal warfare against the Native American popu­ Elementary justice demands that lation by the government and the Banks and Means be freed and the systematic breaking of Indian Militant/Greg Cornell charges dropped against all Wounded treaties." Defense attorney Mark lane {right) with defendants Banks (left) and Means Knee defendants.

Brighton, Colorado Chicanos protest cop attack By JOEL HOUTMAN ful police planning, according to Chi­ fication of anyone who looked like Department; and two representatives DENVER- Chicanos in Brighton, a cano witnesses. Police said the cop a Chicano. from the Chicano community. small town near here, are protesting who was "pushed" was acting on com­ The attack was met with an angry Many Chicanos fear that the com­ a brutal cop attack July 13 on a peace­ plaints from nearby residents about response by the Chicano community. mittee will whitewash the attack. ful social gathering of Chicano youth unnecessary noise made by the young At a July 17 meeting of 350 people, In a statement condemning the cop in the town's Veterans' Roadside Park. Chicanos. However, more than 30 it was announced that charges were attack the Colorado Socialist Work­ Brighton cops, the entire force, were being filed against five cops, including ers Party candidates said: At least 10 people were injured, in­ kept on special duty that night, be­ Jarvis. A petition is being circulated "The obviously premeditated as­ cluding two cops who were bitten by fore the attack. demanding the suspension of all the sault ... shows that violence in this their own dogs. Twenty-nine people When word came from the park, the cops involved. A march and rally society is organized by the cops to were arrested after the vicious attack cops, wearing riot gear and armed were set for July 27. protect the system that oppresses Chi­ in which the cops had reinforcements with billy clubs, police dogs, _and The city council has responded to canos and other working people- and from six surrounding police depart­ mace, moved into action against the the protests by calling for the forma­ not by those in the Chicano move­ ments. approximately 40 young people. tion of a committee to investigate the ment and others struggling for an end In the wake of the protests from The cops removed their name tags attack and racial problems between to racist oppression. Brighton's Chicano community, to make it impossible for the Chicanos Anglos and Chicanos in the town. "We stand in support of the right Brighton police chief Don Jarvis has to identify them. After the attack in of young people to peaceably assemble admitted it was "quite possible" some the park, the cops ran through parts The committee is to be chaired by without fear of racist attacks. We de­ of his officers "overreacted" to an al­ of the community, attacking people the mayor and is to include a priest; mand the dropping of all charges leged incident of a youth pushing a sitting on their front lawns. someone from Head Start; a mem­ against those arrested." cop who had asked him for identi­ ber of the city council; someone from Heading up the SWP slate are Nora fication. The rest of the night, roving bands the Brighton Blade, the local news­ Danielson for governor and Jack The attack was the result of care- of cops stopped and demanded identi- paper; an advisor from the Justice Marsh for U.S. Senate.

CLEVELAND- In an unprecedented the March edition of the local news­ mella was shown by votes of more action, members of Cleveland Typo­ paper, and using obscene and abusive than 3 to 1 that the membership did Cleveland graphical Union Local 53 impeached language toward members. not want him as president. local president Kenneth Ramella at A five-person union trial committee The members then set July 28 for the July 21 regular membership meet­ had found Ramella not guilty of two a special meeting to accept nomina­ printers ing. of the charges, but the membership tions and Aug. 14 for a special elec­ An overwhelming majority of the disagreed. They sat through a four­ tion of a new president. 300 members present and voting by hour meeting and voted separately impeach secret ballot found Ramella guilty of on each charge, then on the penalty Ramella had been elected president seven specific charges of violating lo­ for each change. of Local 53 three times by the same • cal union laws and depriving the mem­ The trial committee recommended membership that removed him a little bership of rights provided in the union that Ramella be fined $50 for each less than a year before completion of un1on constitution and bylaws. charge on which he was convicted. his third term in office. The charges included denying the Seven times- once for each charge­ As one member commented after the president members their right to elect delegates the membership, on motions from the meeting, ''When a man begins to think to a conference, failure to print a floor, amended the penalty from fine he is the union, it's time for us to show financial statement, failure to publish to impeachment. And seven times Ra- him who is."

THE MILITANT/AUGUST 2, 1974 21 ·Call December convention in St. Louis Young Socialist leaders discuss the By STEVE CLARK that has been portrayed by some com­ among many students to retreat from NEW Y 0 RK- One hundred leaders mentators in the capitalist media. political involvement. Of the Young Socialist Alliance met "Students have moved into action in At the same time, the process of here in early July and mapped plans the 1960s and 1970s around the most radicalization sparked by U.S. impe­ to extend the YSA's base on the cam­ fundamental issues facing society­ rialism's role in the Indochina war puses, participate in protest actions war, poverty, racial oppression," Fin­ continues to spread. The Watergate on a wide variety of issues, and kel said. revelations, the contrived "energy cri­ launch a campaign to win youth to The modern student movement be­ sis," and :oampant inflation have in­ revolutionary socialism. gan with the involvement of Black creased the distrust of government The occasion was a meeting of the students in the massive civil rights and big business among young peo­ YSA' s national committee, the highest movement and with actions of some ple, reinforcing their rejection of many leadership body of the YSA between white students in support of the Black of the norms, values, and institutions its conventions. Organizers of local struggle. The peak of campus actions of capitalist society. YSA chapters from around the coun­ was in response to the U.S. escalation Recent polls and studies- especially try were also invited to participate. of the Vietnam war. a major survey by Daniel Yankelo­ The meeting heard reports on na­ The climate of political discussion vich- confirm that radical attitudes tional and international questions, the and struggle brought about by the toward foreign policy, capitalist poli­ student movement, the Black struggle, Black and antiwar movements also tics, big business, religion, and sexual and strategy for building the revolu­ fostered actions around other issues, freedom "have now spread out to the tionary youth movement. such as student rights and student entire present youth generation." Far 1 In addition, supplementary reports control of education. from dissipating, the youth radicaliza­ were presented on Watergate and the Other oppressed groups in society, tion has broadened to include masses YSA's fight for democratic rights, the notably w'omen and Chicanos, radi­ of young workers as well as students. successful completion of the YSA's calized and initiated struggles around "As E2 result," Finkel stated, "more spring fund drive for $36,000, and their own demands. The campuses young people today are willing to the Young Socialist newspaper. were centers of activity for these move­ listen to our idea"s, to consider social­ YSA national secretary Rich Finkel ments. ist solutions and seriously discuss Militant/Greg Carnell reported to the meeting on the political The withdrawal of U.S. ground them with us." YSA chapters around country are active situatli.on facing young people in the troops from Vietnam and the signing New developments in the class in defense of Wounded Knee militants, United States, placing it in the context of the Paris accords in February 1973 struggle on a national and interna­ Attica Brothers, and other frame-up vic­ of the deepening economic crisis of comprise the main reason for the cur­ tional scale continue to find a quick tims. world capitalism and the unfolding rent relativ~ decline of campus protest response on campus. In the past year, of Washington's detente with Moscow activity. In addition, Nixon's "wind­ significant activities have occurred and Peking. ing down" of the war broadly coin­ around the right-wing coup in Chile, The price of an education, like all cided with a decline in the Black liber­ the Mideast war, and the liberation other prices, has skyrocketed. Higher Student movement ation struggle. These developments, struggles in Africa. costs have made university education "The political situation on campus combined with the continued political Students have also moved into ac­ less and less accessible to poor and quiescence of the masses of workers is contradictory," Finkel said. "There tion in support of the United Farm · working-class youth. is less political activity among stu­ and the racist, reactionary positions Workers and against tuition hikes, "This crisis has affected Blacks and dents today than at the height of the of the trade-union bureaucracy, have educational cutbacks, inadequate other oppressed nationalities the had a disheartening impact on stu­ antiwar movement, but this does not child-care facilities, and the presence most," he said. "Black student enroll­ dents. They have fostered a tendency at all signify the 'return to the fifties' of speakers peddling racist theories ment, for example, declined from 8. 7 on campus. percent of the first-year college stu­ Finkel stressed the importance of dents in 1 9 7 2 to. 7. 8 percent in 1 97 3. the YSA taking the initiativ.e to con­ The statistics for Chicanos, Asians, tact other campus groups and build and American Indians show a similar joint demonstrations, teach-ins, and decline. picket lines around such issues. "It "We can expect these attacks on is through our role in united strug­ higher education to continue. Already gles around particular issues," he said, two major ruling-class studies, pre­ "coupled with our socialist election pared by the Carnegie Commission campaigns, forums, and distribution and the Rockefeller-financed Commit­ of the Young Socialist and The Mili­ tee for Economic Development, have tant, that we will win the best student recommended steep increases in tui­ rebels to the YSA and prepare for the tion at public universities." bigger struggles that lie ahead." The financial crunch has taken its Finkel said that the financial crisis toll on secondary am~ elementary edu­ affecting public and private education cation as well. There is growing dis­ in this country is part of the offensive content about overcrowding, deteri­ that has been launched by the Ameri­ orating buildings, and cutbacks in can ruling class against the living FINKEL, MIAH: Reported on YSA perspectives in student movement, Black struggle school programs. standards of working people. Finkel continued, "The YSA should take the lead in mobilizing students to defend their right to free, high qual­ ity secondary and university educa­ Solidarity with international struggles tion." Campus orientation Internationalism was a central planned for Sept. 11 to demand the Finkel reaffirmed the Y SA's position theme of the YSA national com­ release of all Chilean political pris­ that the greatest opportunities to win mittee meeting. The first session was oners, restoration of full democratic young people to socialist ideas lie on set aside for a full debate on events rights for Chilean trade unions and the college and high school campuses. in Portugal, the recent French elec­ political organizations, and an im­ "The 10 million students on the col­ tions, and other questions of revolu­ mediate halt .to U.S. aid to the lege campuses and the 20 million tionary strategy and tactics around military dictatorship in Chile. They more in the high schools and junior the world. also mapped out plans to initiate high schools are our main constituen­ YSA national chairman Andrew picket lines, teach-ins, and other cy," he .said. Pulley reported to the gathering on activities around the demand: Por­ "The student movement today has the international political situation. tugal Out of Africa Now! greatly increased social weight and He pointed to the recent outbreak Greetings were received from the political impact as a result of the ex­ of mass struggles in Ethiopia and YSA's sister organization in Can­ pansion of higher education since Portugal as a confirmation of the ada, the Young Socialists/Ligue des World War II, the concentration of YSA's position that the class strug­ Jeunes Socialistes, and a telegram students on huge campuses, and the gle on a world scale cannot be of solidarity was sent to the revo­ higher working-class, Black, and Chi­ decisively turned back by the detente lutionary youth organization in Ar­ that U.S. imperialism has engi­ gentina, the Juventud Socialista de cano composition of the university population," Finkel said. neered with the Stalinist bureaucrats Avanzada (JSA- Young Socialist in Moscow and Peking. Vanguard). Argentine revolutionists "The YSA's goal is to become a Pulley noted the important role have recently faced a series of mur­ mass revolutionary youth organiza­ tion firmly based in the student move­ that students and youth have played derous attacks from right-wing ment." in all of the recent upsurges around thugs. The telegram hailed theJSA's the world. efforts in mobilizing broad campus Finkel pointed out that the students Militant/Baxter who join the YSA today will play an The YSA leaders decided to ac­ and high school protests against New York demonstration demands tively build the protest actions these attacks. indispensable leadership role in the 'Portugal Out of Africa Now!' campus, community, and workers'

22 student mov't, plan campus actions struggles to come. Many of them will In addition, the YSA is participating decide to join the Socialist Workers with the SWP in a fight to extend Party, which the YSA supports and democratic rights. The two groups helps to build as the future mass rev­ have filed a lawsuit demanding an olutionary part of the American work­ immediate halt to government surveil­ ing class. lance and harassment of the YSA and With a strong base on campus, the SWP. Publicity and fund raising for YSA can play an important role in the case are being coordinated by the supporting workers' and community Political Rights Defense Fund. struggles going on right now. Steve The PRDF plans to initiate a cam­ Wattenmaker, organizer of the San paign this fall to get support, endorse­ Francisco YSA, gave examples of this ment, and financial contributions from the YSA' s activities during the from professors and student groups. labor upsurge that shook San Fran­ The YSA will actively support this cisco this spring. project, while seeking out opportuni­ During the winter, the YSA carried ties to set up campus speaking en­ out campus support activities to aid gagements for Y SA and SWP spokes­ the striking Sears workers. Then, last persons and PRDF representatives. March, in the midst of the big city employees strike, the San Francisco YSA convention State College YSA helped build a rally Hildebrand noted the importance of of 500 students on less than two days' Militant/Eric Simpson YSA educational activities in winning notice to support the strike. Students protest cutbacks at Federal City College in Washington, D.C., this spring new members to the YSA. After her The main lesson the San Francisco report, speakers from Nashville, Twin Y SA learned from these experiences Cities, and other areas reported on "was how much more effective our YSA has played in a series of demon­ and curriculum cutbacks by the ad­ the success in organizing campus strike support activity could have strations against the police slaying of ministration. class series on Marxist theory and on been with more YSA members on several Black youths and for firing The slate also organized a rally the socialist approach to current campus," Wattenmaker said. "We now the racist police chief. to hear New York SWP gubernatorial topics such as Watergate, the energy see the specific role that a youth group Speakers reported on the Y SA's par­ candidate Derrick Morrison speak crisis, women's liberation, and the like the Y SA can play as new strug­ ticipation in the struggle this spring about his campaign and that of Rebec­ Black struggle. gles begin to develop in the trade­ against cutbacks at Federal City Col­ ca Finch, the New York SWP can­ The culmination of Y SA educational union movement." lege in Washington, D. C.; in defense didate for U.S. Senate. The Brooklyn activities this summer will be the So­ John Linder from Minneapolis-St. activities for victimized Blacks such College slate adopted the name Young cialist Activists and Educational Con­ Paul YSA reported that the Twin as J. B. Johnson, Gary Lawton, and Socialists for Finch_and Morrison. ference scheduled for mid-August in Cities chapter, in helping to defend the the Attica Brothers; and other actions. Hildebrand highlighted next fall's Ohio. This national gathering will fea­ Indian militants framed up for their Miah concluded his report by taking YSA campus traveling teams as a ture classes and lectures on both cur­ participation in the Wounded Knee note of the growing interest in Marxist way of gathering new support for the rent and historical topics and will pro­ struggle last year, had focused its ac­ ideas among many Black activists, socialist candidates. "These fall teams vide an opportunity for YSA members tivities on the University of Minnesota especially from the African liberation will be SWP campaign teams," she and other activists from around the campus. The broad defense actions solidarity movement. He said that the said. "They will give the socialist cam­ country to share their experiences. that were built there attracted from YSA is actively participating in these paigns a statewide scope, with activi­ The last order of business on the 1,500 to 4,000 people and were the discussions about the relationship of ties on as many campuses as the agenda of the four-day meeting was largest support activities in the area. the national liberation struggle to so­ teams can visit." the call for the fourteenth Young So­ Other speakers reported on the cialism, while at the same time urging Hildebrand pointed out that many cialist Alliance national convention. YSA's involvement in a wide variety continued united actions with the of the 14 spring teams this year had The national committee voted to hold of struggles, among them support for broadest possible forces around spe­ candidates traveling along with them. the convention next December in St. the Equal Rights Amendment; United cific issues on which there is agree­ These teams sold 9,000 Militants and Louis, Mo. Before the convention, the Farm Workers boycott activities; the ment. 7,800 Young Socialists, and they re­ YSA will carry out a full discussion struggle in New York City's school cruited 56 members to the YSA. of the most important issues facing District 1 for Black, Puerto Rican, and Socialist campaigns A special presentation on the strug­ young people in this country and Chinese control of education; and pro­ The report on building the YSA, gle for democratic rights was given around the world. A printed bulletin tests against the deportation of given by national executive committee by Maceo Dixon. DiXon explained will be open for written contributions Haitian refugees and undocumented member Ginny Hildebrand, reviewed how the YSA was taking advantage from any YSA member, and each Mexican workers. the wide range of struggles the Y SA of the Watergate revelations to wage chapter will organize extensive oral has been involved in during the an educational campaign in its press discussion sessions where all points Black struggle spring. She emphasized the impor­ and through its support to the SWP of view can be aired and debated. tance of combining this work with The report on the Black struggle election campaigns exposing the fun­ A major focus of all the YSA's ac­ sales of The Militant and Young So­ was given by Y SA national executive damentally undemocratic nature of tivity this fall will be to publicize and committee member Malik Miah. Miah cialist and other activities aimed at capitalist society. build the national convention. emphasized the many opportunities winning people to a socialist perspec­ this summer and fall for the YSA to tive and to joining the Y SA. take the lead in initiating activities An important part of this is building around important issues in the Black campus and high school support this Young Socialist sales drive struggle. He singled out the openings fall for the Socialist Workers Party In the two years since the monthly nantly Black, Chicano, and Puerto posed by the April coup and subse­ candidates in state and local elections. Young Socialist newspaper was re­ Rican community colleges. quent workers upsurge in Portugal In New York City and Los Angeles, launched in a new format, it has The success of the spring sales for stepped-up activity demanding im­ young socialist supporters of the SWP become one of the YSA's most im- campaign maintained the position mediate independence for Portugal's campaigns have organized impromp­ portant tools in winning young peo­ the YS has achieved in the past African colonies. tu rallies at the high schools before ple to socialist ideas. two years as the most widely read Sam Manuel, Lower Manhattan and after school hours to hear SWP During a highly successful four­ socialist youth newspaper in the YSA organizer, reported on the suc­ candidates. month sales drive this spring, YSA United States. cess of the New York City picket line During the discussion, Bob Cubana chapters, individual subscribers, at the Portuguese tourist bureau June from the Worcester, Mass., YSA re­ and the 14 young socialist travel­ 22. This action, which the YSA helped ported on the success of that campus­ ing teams sold a grand total of to initiate, won support from the Pan based local in building support for 53,000 copies of the paper. African Student Organization in the the campaign of Don Gurewitz for In April, a full month before the Americas, the Ethiopian Student governor. ·The SWP campaign re­ end of the sales drive, the YSA Union, the South African Committee, ceived coverage in almost all the local surpassed its original goal of sellin,g and the Young Workers Liberation newspapers and over local radio sta­ 11,000 copies a month. April sales League, among others. tions, and the Worcester Y SA chapter totaled 12,346. During the course Miah also stressed the importance built a successful campaign rally of the campaign, average monthly of establishing consistent sales of the on campus, which was publicized sales rose to 10,500- an all-time Young Socialist newspaper at Black throughout the city. high for the Young Socialist. high schools and arranging speaking Several YSA leaders spoke about This was accomplished while YSA engagements in classrooms and be­ the student government election cam­ members were actively participating fore assemblies for SWP candidates paigns that the YSA has carried out. in the spring Militant sales drive and YSA spokespeople. At Brooklyn College, 14 activists as well. Miah pointed out that many of the from the Ad Hoc Committee to Fight Almost half of the YSs were sold struggles currently ansmg in the the Budget Cuts, most of them Black on college and university cam­ Black community ~evelop on a local or Puerto Rican, joined with YSA puses. YSA chapters made a spe­ level. members Robb Wright and Magda­ cial effort to expand their distribu­ Mac Warren and Betsy Soares re­ lena Chabriel in running a slate that tion at high schools and predomi- ported on the role that the Atlanta focused its fire on recent financial aid

THE MILITANT/ AUGUST 2, 1974 23 Blitz to collect 56,000 signatures N.Y. socialists plan two-week ballot drive By DOUG JENNESS Mendieta for lieutenant governor; Ray NEW YORK- The Socialist Workers Markey for attorney general; and Sam Party in New York State has set a Manuel for controller. Three thousand goal of obtaining 56,000 signatures five hundred signatures each are legal­ to place eight candidates on the ballot ly required for congressional candi­ for the N ovem her elections. dates Katherine Sojourner, from the Reporting to a party city-wide mem­ 18th C. D.; Claire Moriarty, from the bership meeting here July 17, state 20th C. D.; and Maxine Williams, from campaign director Janice Lynn out­ the 12th C.""D." lined the perspective of meeting this She said the party and its supporters objective in a two-week effort begin­ will collect 35,000 signatures for the ning Aug. 2. statewide slate and 7,000 for each Included in this drive are two aU­ of the three congressional candidates day mobilizations- Aug. 3 and Aug. in order to be sure that more than 10- during which members of the enough valid signatures are collected. SWP, the Young Socialist Alliance, The election law also requires that and other campaign supporters will 100 valid signatures be collected in Militant/Sam Manuel turn out in full force. one-half of the state's 39 congression­ SWP gubernatorial candidate Derrick Morrison addresses street rally outside a New Lynn explained, 'We are required al districts. Lynn reported that sup­ York high school. by law to obtain 20,000 signatures porters in Buffalo, Albany, Bingham­ on independent nominating petitions ton, Ossining, and New York City for our statewide slate of five candi­ will participate in the. two-week dates: Rebecca Finch for U. S. Senator; petitioning effort. high schools to a total of 1,860 and tant and pamphlets, distribution of Derrick Morrison for governor; James Lynn also reported on the accom­ to rallies outside six high schools. campaign literature, and signing up plishments of the SWP campaign in Nearly 50 high school students signed supporters are part of this impact. New York since it was launched in up as campaign supporters as a result "We are also increasing the visibility February. "So far, 125,000 pieces of of these rallies. The candidates have of our campaign. People see us at printed campaign material have been also spoken to 20 meetings in eight the same street corners week after distributed as well as tens of thou­ cities upstate. week, whether it is in Harlem, Wil- sands of mimeographed leaflets," she Articles on the campaign have ap­ said. "Five hundred fourteen people peared in 41 newspapers, including lf you can help petition to get have signed cards endorsing the cam­ campus papers,' and the candidates the Socialist Workers Party on paign. These endorsers liv'e in 28 cities have had 13 radio interviews and the ballot in New York, call (212} in the state and include students from several cable-TV interviews. 982-4966 or write to the New 48 high school and college campuses. "I think among the most exciting York SWP State Campaign Com­ They also include militant inmates aspects of our election campaign have . from three prisons." been our outdoor street rallies," Lynn mittee, 706 Broadway, New York, Another set of figures shows the stated. "Every supporter who has par­ N.Y. 10003. scope of the candidates' activity in ticipated in the rallies (and this is liamsburg, the Lower East Side, or the past six months. They participated one of the campaign activities every Bedford-Stuyvesant." in 55 different protest meetings and supporter can participate in) can tes­ Lynn said that the candidates have State campaign director ;Janice n out­ demonstrations, spoke at 24 campus tify to the impact we have had by also spoken at street rallies in Buf­ lined petition drive, accomplishments of meetings in New York City to a total regularly holding these rallies." falo, Albany, Binghamton, and Yon­ socialist campaign so far. of 600 people, and spoke inside 10 She explained that sales of The Mili- kers. Illinois SWP petitioning reaches 55,000 goal By DAN CAINE mented, "Although the state instituted sponsible for Vietnam,, Watergate, in­ CHICAGO- The Illinois Socialist this law to make it more difficult for flation, unemployment, and police Workers Party campaign topped off independent parties to win ballot brutality." its six-week petition drive for a place status, in the process of meeting the One petitioner reported that people on the November ballot by collecting requirement we brought the socialist were initially skeptical about signing 3, 700 signatures in the 1st Congres- campaign to thousands of people in a petition for any candidate, saying, sional District on July 20. · East St. Louis, Rockford, Elgin, and 'What have they ever done for me?" The final day of petitioning brought many other cities." But on hearing that these were so­ the total number of signatures gather­ Reid's opponent in the 1st C. D. is cialist candidates .offering an alterna­ ed to 55,000. incumbent Ralph Metcalfe, a Black tive to the misrule of the capitalist The Illinois election law required the Democrat. As part of Mayor Richard politicians, many gladly signed. SWP to gather 25,000 signatures for Daley's corrupt machine, Metcalfe its statewide ticket, headed by senator­ plays an important role in keeping The Illinois SWP will celebrate the ial candidate Ed Heisler, and 9,000 the district, which has a very high petitioning victory with a meeting signatures for Willie Reid, the party's percentage of Blacks, under Daley's ~41 Aug. 3. Featured speakers will be nominee in the 1st C. D. control. Maceo Dixon, cochairman of the So­ Socialist campaign supporters went "Our 15,000 signatures represent 8 ••• cialist Workers 1974 National Cam­ far over these requirements, collecting percent of the registered voters," said paign Committee; Ed Heisler; and 40,000 signatures for the statewide SWP campaign director Bruce Bloy. Dennis Brasky, SWP candidate in the slate and 15,000 in the 1st C. D. "They are an indication that growing 9th C. D. For more information call Half the signatures for the statewide numbers of people in the Black com­ Militant/Dave W~lp (312) 939-0737. ticket had to be collected outside Cook munity are fed up with Nixon, Daley, Socialist nominee Willie Reid is chal­ All the petitions will be filed with County, which includes Chicago. Peti­ Metcalfe, and the entire crew of Demo­ lenging Democratic Party Congressman state offices during the week of July tioning director Ken Edwards com- crats and Republicans, who are re- Ralph Metcalfe in 1st C. D. 29-Aug. 2.

By TOBA SINGER Prisoners are paid $36-$50 a Lorton Master Plan means no more LORTON, Va.- Nan Bailey, Social­ month to make license plates, chairs, than increased repressive measures Bailey ist Workers Party candidate for may­ and prison garments. Woodfield be­ and cutbacks in programs. • or of Washington, D. C., recently vis­ lieves that the prisoners, whose aver­ All five of the prisoners signed ited Lorton Reformatory here at the age age is 22, are "too old" to learn cards endorsing Bailey's campaign as campa1gns invitation of five prisoners who are more skilled trades. That was his ex­ a positive alternative to the Democrats supporters of the SWP campaign. planation for the low enrollment (only and Republicans. One of them had The five are active in efforts to ex­ 150 out of 1,500 inmates) in trade drawn up a leaflet that they plan to among pose the Lorton Master Plan, a prison programs in auto mechanics, electri­ circulate at Lorton in support of "reform" plan devised by the D. C. De­ cal work, typewriter repair, and brick­ Bailey's campaign. Its final para­ partment of Corrections. laying. graphs read: The prison administrator, Salanda The prisoners have a different view "Other candidates' programs for Virginia Woodfield, preferred that Bailey and of life at Lorton. They told Bailey D.C. Mayor emanate from a capitalist • this reporter learn about the prison they want additional trade programs, platform and if elected would cqntinue from him instead of talking to the and they cited the administration as to serve but the interests of the few big prisoners prisoners and hurried us into his of­ the biggest obstacle to prisoner en­ businessmen. fice. He claimed the reason the prison rollment in the existing programs. "Brothers, inform your families, does not offer many of the programs They also. fear that the Federal City friends and visitors to vote for Nan demanded by inmates is that the pris­ College Program, whi~h allows pris­ Bailey for D. C. Mayor. The power oners are "not really interested in their oners to attend courses at FCC, may is in our hands to change our miser­ own rehabilitation." be eliminated. To the prisoners, the able situation." ·

24 workers their main groblem stallnists for ·discipline· in Portugal By DAVE FRANKEL The Daily World, newspaper of the problems for the provisional govern­ two demonstrations of Blacks, killing "The political life of the country is U.S. Communist Party, cl8:~med in its ment. up to 20 people and wounding many going to go through a new phase July 19 issue that the new premier, Masses of people have been more. On July 15, in response to these of discipline," promised General An­ Colonel Vasco Gon~;alves,' had once awakened and brought into political murders, 30,000 people turned out tonio de Spinola in a July 17 tele­ been "known for his left political views activity by the fall of the old regime under the leadership of the liberation vision broadcast to the Portuguese and associations," and assured its in Portugal. The message of the Stal­ organizations demanding total inde­ people. readers that "U.S. and other capitalist inists to these workers, peasants, and pendence for Angola, and Luanda was After nearly 50 years of "discipline" news media accounts generally des­ students is: Roll over and play dead. shut down by a general strike. under the Salazarist dictatorship, cribed the new cabinet as being 'more Instead of urging them to raise the The problem is not, as the Stalinists many Portuguese must have had mis­ left' than the previous one." demands closest to their hearts and claim, that elements in the capitalist givings. As he swore in a new cabinet For the Portuguese CP, the over­ organize in defense of their interests, provisional government are dragging composed largely of officers from the throw of the Salazarist dictatorship the Stalinists· tell the Portuguese their feet on carrying out their pro­ Portuguese armed forces the next day, by its own army was not a chance people to rely on General Spinola and gram for independence for the colo­ Spinola insisted, "Responsibility im­ to help deepen the mass movement, Colonel Gon~;alves. But it is the work­ nies. The problem is that the real plies that somebody has the power to win increasing concessions in the in­ ers, not the generals and their capi­ program of the government the CP is rule and to impose respect, and that terest of the working class, and even­ talist government, who hold the future participating in is to hold on to the somebody is the state." tually lead the workers to power and of Portugal in their hands. colonies if possible, or at least to give Declaring, "If the silent majority the construction of a socialist society. Nowhere is the Stalinist betrayal of up as little as possible. does not wake up to defend its liberty, They saw the military coup as a revolutionary principles more ap­ the twenty-fifth of April will have been chance to open up collaboration with parent than in their continued partici­ Maoists chime in in vain," Spinola announced the for­ the "progressive" Portuguese capital­ pation in the capitalist government Although the main responsibility for mation of a new security force, ists. that is still refusing independence to the betrayal in Portugal lies with the COPCON (Commando Operacional its African colonies. Apparently the pro-Moscow Stalinists, their cousins do Continente), which in the words A treacherous policy of Time magazine, ''will have the Thus, the CP jumped at the chance power to intervene to maintain order." to serve in the provisional govern­ A July 18 Associated Press dispatch ment set up to maintain Portuguese from Lisbon explained: "The new capitalism while modernizing its po­ Cabinet is expected to take a harder litical form. This treacherous policy line against labor, for example, to was papered over with slogans about reduce the strikes and other work dis­ the need for an antifascist front with orders that have plagued the country the army, which had been the pri­ since the April coup against the right­ mary bulwark of the old dictatorship. ist regime of Marcello Caetano." Under the dictatorship, the Stalin­ Military men were appointed to the ists told the workers it was necessary key posts of minister of the interior to subordinate their demands to the (police) and minister of labor. program of the liberal capitalists in Spinola emphasized in his remarks order to gain their cooperation in the at their swearing in, "We cannot fight for democratic rights. Now that blame just reactionary forces for the the dictatorship has been overthrown excesses that have been taking place they tell the workers that they still in the streets, the businesses, and even have to subordinate their program in the civil government." to the needs of Portuguese capitalism, This student of Hitler and Franco, because otherwise the bosses will turn who got his military training with the back to the dictatorship. fascists in Spain and with the Nazis But the policy of telling the workers in Stalingrad, never condemned the to behave as if they were still living butchery perpetuated by Portuguese under the dictatorship in order to troops in Africa or the tortures by the avoid its reimposition has not been Demonstration in Lisbon demands independence for African territories, return of secret police as "excesses." In fact, he sufficient to stop ·the upsurge opened Portuguese troops. Spinola denounced such actions, along with workers' strikes, as led the colonial army for five years. up by the fall of Caetano. The past 'excesses.' But when it comes to strikes for month has seeri the reintroduction of higher wages and peaceful street censorship, the dispersal of left-wing demonstrations against Portugal's demonstrations by armed troops, and Stalinists have been feeling increasing who look to Peking have made it clear colonial wars, he speaks out loud and now the governmental shake-up. pressure in this regard. In typical fash­ that they would do the same thing if clear. "This must be stopped at once, Stalinist strikebreaking ion they tried to dissociate themselves only given the chance. · for the prestige of the Portuguese peo­ from some of the more unsavory as­ Echoing the CP line in every par­ ple is at stake," he complained. At the end of 1973 and the begin­ pects of their own policy. ticular, the July 24 Guardian If sensible people -listening to ning of 1974 the Portuguese CP it­ The July 11 Daily World reports, explained that the meaning of the re­ Spinola's violent rhetoric and watch­ self was among those raising the de­ "The Portuguese Communist Party has cent shifts in the provisional govern­ ing as the Portuguese military tight­ mand for a minimum monthly wage criticized the cabinet government for ment was that "the right-wing trend ened its grip on the government ap­ of 6,000 escudos (about $250 ). In­ being too slow to carry out its own in the cabinet which most opposed paratus-had misgivings, the Por­ flation in Portugal has been running program (published May 15), espe­ complete independence for the colo­ tuguese Stalinists and their allies at a rate that may reach 70 percent cially on the question of ending the nies was rebuffed." around the world did their best to re­ in 1974, making this demand more colonial war, but it has not criticized Longtime Stalinist hack Wilfred Bur­ assure them. The new cabinet was urgent than ever. the government as such." (Emphasis chett expanded on the supposed shift hailed as a shift to the left! But when postal workers struck for added.) to the left, and in another article he the 6,000-escudo minimum wage, the By blaming its capitalist partners elaborated the theory that foreign mo­ Portuguese CP wrote in the June 20 in the government, the Stalinists seek nopolies (as opposed to the progres­ issue of its newspaper, Avante!: "The to avoid responsibility for the main­ sive national bourgeoisie of Maoist objective (of the strike) is this: to op­ tenance of the Portuguese colonial mythology) were behind the recent pose the workers to the provisional army in Africa. But without their co­ strike wave in Portugal. government and to bring on an atmo­ operation, the colonial policy- and His argument is worth repeating. sphere of discontent and revolt that Portuguese capitalism itself- would be He admits, "If any workers in Europe benefits fascism and reaction." untenable. needed to struggle for better working In the eyes of the CP, the problem The extent of the CP cover-up was conditions, it was Portuguese workers. was the workers. They, not the mis­ shown in the July 20 Daily World. Living standards; with the possib!e erable conditions created by capital­ In an article on Angola the Stalinists exception of Spain and Greece, were ism, were generating "an atmosphere tried to make it seem as if the Portu­ the lowest in Europe." of discontent and revolt." According guese troops in Luanda had in­ But in Burchett's view, the workers to the CP, these troublemakers were tervened in a recent incident to stop fell into the trap set by the monopolies, actually helping out the fascists by a white lynch mob. 'With 200,000 which hoped "to create the sort of eco­ not accepting their lot! whites and 300,000 Africans in nomic chaos which provided the cli­ "Today it is the fascists and reac­ Luanda's population," the World mate for the anti-Allende coup in tionaries of all stripes who want more writes, "a small-scale civil war could Chile." Again, the theory is advanced strikes," Portuguese CP leader Jose have erupted. that the workers are to blame for Vitoriano said in the June 21 ''President Antonio de Spinola, there­ reaction because their struggles against l'Humanite, the French CP paper. fore, was correct in ordering the Por­ the status quo frighten the middle class In keeping with this outrageous ap­ tuguese military to use every means to and the liberal capitalists. proach, the Portuguese Stalinists have restore order." The idea of leading the masses in SPINOLA: Calls on 'silent majority' to even appealed to the immigrant work­ Unmentioned is the fact that fol­ struggle, and when necessary of arm­ wake up, while organizing new 'security ers not to return to Portugal because lowing the murder of several Africans ing them in order to defend their force.' Communist Party says this is shift the capitalist economy can't absorb by white taxi drivers, Portuguese rights, is replaced with the idea of pia- to left. them, and they would create new troops "restored order" by firing on Continued on page 30

THE MILITANT/AUGUST 2, 1974 25 In Review 'The New Anti-Semitism': racist, The New Anti-Semitism by Arnold Forster · · · ·· ·· · and Benjamin Epstein. McGraw-Hill. New York, 1974. 356 pp. Cloth, $7.95.

By Dave Frankel Arnold Forster and Benjamin Epstein swing a wide brush. To hear these two tell it, the world's Arab population, almost all Black nationalists, Puerto Rican militants fighting for community con­ trol of the schools in New York, and practically every group on the American left are anti-Semites. Ironically enough, these self-styled exposers of racism throw around phrases like "the xenophobic Russian mind" without a hint of embarrassment. More significant than this type of prejudice is that they have been in the forefront of the campaign against preferential hiring for Blacks and other oppressed nationalities. They try to smear the participants in a number of major struggles carried out by the Black and Puerto Rican com­ munities as anti-Semites. The purpose is to smear the struggles as a whole. In addition to the racism that runs through their book, Forster and Epstein have taken it upon themselves to attack the radicalization of the 1960s from a novel angle. They write, "The Radical Left, comprising elements of the New and Bob Adelman An early civil rights demonstration. Authors supported first stage of fight for civil rights, but when Black people Old Left, poses a threat to the Jewish people. It is fight for control of their own communities, Forster and Epstein say they are a threat to Jews. committed to the liquidation of Israel. And in attempting to fulfill that commitment it has turned its fire on those who support Israel's existence as no more anti-Jewish than are the Blacks in South do a disservice to Jews everywhere. a Jewish state- principally Jews-while it warmly Mrica antiwhite, or the Catholics in Northern Ire­ Is it really in the interests of Israeli Jews to acclaims and is virtually allied with those seeking land anti-Protestant. In every case the issue is the carry on an endless war with the Palestinians Israel's demise-Arabs, their friends in the com­ oppression of a subject nationality and the struggle instead of accepting the idea of living together with munist world and others espousing the cause of against the oppression. them in a unitary Palestine? 'Third World' peoples ... " The authors of this book admit Israel's total Finally, in advancing a false analysis of Ameri­ reliance on Washington. Is it really in the interests can society and the conflict in the Middle East, Guilt by association of Israeli Jews to serve as the foot soldiers for The technique used by Forster and Epstein to The New Anti-Semitism also advances a false imperialist interests in the Arab East? pin the tag of anti-Semitism on opponents of the analysis of what the danger facing Jews really And is it in the interests of Jews elsewhere in Israeli state in the United States is that of guilt is and how to fight that danger. the world to support Israel? by association. For more than 300 turgid pages Such questions are simply dismissed by Forster they make an amalgam between right-wing hate and Epstein. These uncritical admirers of Israel material and straightforward political critiques of and its militarist government go so far as to attack Arab-assassin? Israel and Zionism. pro-Zionist Jews who are attracted to "leftist Forster and Epstein are top officers of the Anti­ Forster and Epstein think they have a strong groupings." Defamation League (AD L) of B 'nai B 'rith, and argument when they produce a few examples in they assume in their book the same racist theory which criticism of Israel by some people is com­ that was advanced in an ADL report issued in bined with outright anti-Semitism. But it is just A right-wing book October 1972. as easy to find staunch supporters of the Israeli The radicalization that began in the 1960s is the This report argued that Arab guerrilla actions state who are also anti-Jewish, beginning with prime target of The New Anti-Semitism. This is were basically irrational, "part of an Arab history Richard Nixon and going on to not a few mem­ not because the radicalization has led to a new and tradition of extremism and violence which bers of Congress. This line of argument proves upsurge in anti-Jewish outrages- it hasn't. The has contributed the word 'assassin' to international nothing. hatred that Forster and Epstein show towards lexicons." The second technique used by Forster and Ep­ According to the ADL, "Arab extremists do not the radicalization stems from their politics; they stein in trying to establish that those who oppose are die-hard anticommunists of the George Meany the existence of a Jewish state in Palestine are anti­ variety. Semites is to arrogate to themselves the right to For example, writing of the Student Nonviolent speak in the name of world Jewry. Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in terms that Books "Statements and propaganda manifestoes calling would make Congressional witch-hunters proud, for the destruction or dissollution of Israel," they they say: "H. Rap Brown succeeded Carmichael seek merely to eradicate Israel; they want to de­ write, "or equating Israeli defense with Arab as­ in May 1967, and within a few months he likewise stroy world Jewry which stands behind Israel. sault, are seen by Jews as attacks against them­ began to attract nationwide headlines by urging It will be tragic if Jews- and the rest of the world selves and world Jewry and, along with other Negroes to get guns, to 'burn this town down,' -are led to believe that Arab extremists are a tiny activities supporting those sworn to destroy Israel, and by voicing approval of rioting and looting. minority in the Arab world and that they do not are perceived as the ultimate anti-Semitism." In this period, SNCC showed clear signs of ideolo­ reflect the real feeling of the Arab masses." gical orientation toward Havana, Peking and This picture of the Arabs as a nation of Hitlers, Jews and Zionism Hanoi." bent on the destruction of world Jewry due to But the perceptions of Jews have changed in While extolling American democracy, Forster irrational hatred, would be ludicrous if it were the past and will do so again. Throughout most and Epstein are only too ready to support viola­ not intended seriously. Its purpose is to equate of its history Zionism was a minority movement tions of democratic rights when it suits their pur­ support for the rights of the Palestinians and anti­ among Jews; the vast majority of the Jewish people poses. Thus, in an amalgam borrowed from the Semitism. Thus, Forster and Epstein write, "Anti­ originally wanted nothing to do with the establish­ French government they write that 'buttressing Jewish attitudes in Italy emanate from the Radical ment of a Jewish state in Palestine. Mter World their [French Jews] optimism was the announce­ Left as well [as from the right]. Trotskyists and War II most of the Jewish refugees wanted to come ment on June 28, 1973 that the French govern­ Maoists in Rome disseminate pro-Arab propa­ to the U.S. or .Britain, but the doors of these coun­ ment had banned two extremist groups, one the ganda." tries were closed to them. Jews embraced Zionism neofascist New Order, whose anti-Semitism had Since Jews have lived among Arabs throughout because they saw no other alternative. long been overt in the pages of its publication, history without being exterminated, we can only As it becomes clear to the masses of Jewish Minute, and the other, the (Trotskyist) Commu­ surmise that t:Qis alleged mass psychosis of the people inside Israel and around the world that nist League." Arabs is of recent origin. A more sensible way of the creation of the Israeli state at the expense of The authors don't bother to mention that the trying to find the basis for enmity between Arabs the Palestinians has done nothing to solve the banning of the French Trotskyists was due to a and Israelis in the Middle East would be to look scourge of anti-Semitism, but has instead presented police provocation that resulted in violence during at the history of the conflict there, rather than them with additional problems, they will reject a demonstration called to protest racist attacks attributing it to some mythical trait of the Arab the Zionist state and its ideology. by New Order against immigrant workers. mind. The real question-one that Forster and Epstein Perhaps these champions of democracy would This, however, would bring out the point that are incapable of dealing with-is not the percep­ have their optimism further buttressed if the capi­ Israel was established at the expense of the Pales­ tions of the majority of Jews at any given instance talist rulers here in the U.S. moved to illegalize tinian people, who were driven off their land and in history, but whether this perception is in accord the Socialist Workers Party and Young Socialist deprived of their livelihood. Those who oppose with the actual interests of the Jewish people. By Alliance. Mter all, according to their view, the the maintenance of this colonial-settler state are attempting to stifle .c,Jebate on this vital point, they left "today represents a danger to world Jewry

26 anticommunist smear at least equal to the danger on the right." More­ alien forces and that the Puerto Rican, Black, and over, they say, "Spearheading the Radical Left's Chinese parents involved in that struggle are too anti-Israel, anti-Zionist campaign in America and stupid to know what it's all about. unflagging support to the Palestinian guerrlllas is Thus, they , say of the appointment of Luis the Socialist Workers Party. Fuentes as school superintendent in that district . that "it helped to perpetuate a hoax on those thou­ 'Danger on the Left' sands of Lower East Side parents who aspire to The section in The New Anti-Semitism on the an education for their children and who instead American left singles out the SWP and YSA for found themselves at the vortex of a dispute that special attention. It is a rehash of an ADL "fact had nothing to do with education and everything sheet" issued in November 1972 titled "Danger to do with a grab for power by a militant few." on the Left." The slanderous charges asserting that For Epstein and Forster it's "a grab for power" the SWP had "crossed the line into outright anti­ when a school district whose student body is 93 Semitism" made in this document were answered percent Puerto Rican, Black, and Chinese tries at length in The Militant by Peter Seidman. Seid­ to hire some nonwhite teachers. They don't talk man's articles have been reprinted in a 32-page about power grabs when whites control the school pamphlet, Socialists and the Fight Against Anti­ systems in Black and Puerto Rican communities. Semitism (Pathfinder Press, 410 West St., New Anyone familiar with the political ideas of the York, N.Y. 10014. 25 cents). SWP and its activities will not be taken in by Forster and Epstein, however, don't even men­ the venomous charges of anti-Semitism made in tion this pamphlet, preferring to repeat their slan­ this book. But the attempt to identify as anti­ ders on the theory that if a lie is told often enough Semitic those who side with the Black and Puerto some people will begin to believe it. These men­ Rican communities in their demands for prefer­ dacious reactionaries even repeat some of the iden­ ential hiring and school admissions, and for con­ Anti-Nazi picket line in 1938. Socialists have long tra­ tical misquotes and factual distortions exposed by trol of the institutions that affect their lives, has dition of combating anti-Semitism. Seidman. another dimension. It implies that these struggles Of particular interest is their claim that "although are a threat to Jews as a whole, that their basic its spokesmen have been careful to avoid the use thrust is anti-Semitic. for all and enough space in the schools for all, of crude anti-Semitic phraseology [Could it pos­ they insist on perpetuating the existing privileges sibly be because they are not anti-Semites?- D. F.], The same method of the whites, including, Jews, at the expense of the SWP's program and activities, as they relate The method used by Forster and Epstein to Blacks, Puerto Ricans, and Chicanos. This is not to American Jewry, have been totally hostile." besmirch the community struggles they mention only morally wrong, but against the interests of However, the specific instances of this "hostility" with their ubiquitous charge of anti-Semitism is Jews themselves. turn out to be things like the SWP's opposition to the same one they use in relation to the debate the racist 1968 teachers strike in New York led on Israel. They dig up a few quotations of partici­ The threat to Jews by Albert Shanker. This was a strike by white pants in these struggles that they deem anti-Semitic. For all their talk about exposing anti-Semitism, teachers against the right of Black and Puerto Using this method you could probably "prove" Forster and Epstein do a dangerous disservice Rican parents to have a say in hiring and firing that the American and French revolutions were to this fight. On the one hand, they paint a false in the schools and in school programs and curri­ "anti-Semitic." picture of the real situation facing Jews in the U.S. cula. The fact that many of those involved in the Leaving aside the truth or falsity of their charges right now. On the other hand, they are completely strike were Jewish didn't make it any less racist. in each specific case- although there is enough off the mark in identifying the forces that pose Similarly, Forster and Epstein label as "discrim­ material on that subject for a separate article­ a danger to the Jewish people and those that can inatory" a proposal adopted by the community the key point that is deliberately ignored by Ep­ be allies in the fight against that danger. school board in New York's District 1 calling for stein and Forster is the nature of the struggles Reading The New Anti-Semitism one would think the hiring of "teachers and supervisors in such a they discuss. that the situation of Jews in American society is way as to develop 'an ethnic distribution among These struggles are not aimed against Jews. no different from that of Blacks, Chicanos, and the staff that is more nearly representative of the They are aimed at alleviating the racist oppression Puerto Ricans. This is false. While Jews in Ameri­ student population in the district.'" faced by Blacks and Puerto Ricans. By trying to ca today do face anti-Semitism, they are not an Of Black nationalism in general, they write: characterize them as anti-Semitic, The New Anti­ oppressed nationality. Their wages and housing, "From racial pride to racism proved to be a short Semitism distorts the entire process that has gone as a group, are not inferior to the wages and step and one after another the leaders of Black on in the ghettos and barrios of the U.S. during housing of other whites. Statistically, rather than nationalism, with but a few exceptions, began to the past 10 years. It amounts to a rationale in being barred from professions such as medicine, expouse anti-Semitism. Sometimes it was veiled as support of oppression. science, and law, they play a disproportionate anti-Zionism, but the camouflage was transparent The game of playing off the most recently- or role in these areas relative to their size in the since more often than not the target was not Israel most precariously- established ethnic group population. They face no language discrimination but American Jews, viewed now as 'exploiters' of against others who are portrayed as challenging comparable to Spanish-speaking people. Police the ghetto. . . . " its modest acquisitions is an old one. During the don't regularly come into the Jewish communities early 1900s the victims were Jews from Russia to brutalize the residents. Self-serving demagogy and Eastern Europe. The opposite is the case with Blacks, Chicanos, The attempt to label the SWP anti-Semitic be­ The same thing is happening today in many and Puerto Ricans. They face much more than cause it has been in the forefront of supporting American cities. But instead of seeing the parallel, bigotry and prejudice. They face the translation struggles for the right of Blacks and Puerto Ricans organizations such as the ADL have taken the of these ideas into action in every area of their to control their own communities is clearly a piece lead in attacking the gains made by oppressed lives, and on a daily basis. of self-serving demagogy by people who oppose minorities and women in the areas of hiring and But Jews, although they are not singled out the politics of these struggles. Forster and Epstein school admissions. Charging 'racism in reverse," for special oppression in the U.S. today, are not also use the "outside agitator" argument in at­ they have backed numerous court suits aimed at in the same position as Italians, Irish, or Ukrain­ tacking the District 1 struggle in New York, im­ reversing these gains. ians. As the crisis of American capitalism deepens, plying that it has been inspired by sinister and Instead of demanding that there be enough jobs all the loathsome bigotry and hatred engendered by this system will be brought swirling to the sur­ face. It will be directed against Blacks, Puerto Ricans, Asians, Indians, and Chicanos with mul­ tiplied barbarity. And, inevitably, it will be directed against Jews as well. Anti-Semitism will enter the mainstream of Amer­ ican politics just as surely as socialism will. And when that happens the Henry Jacksons, Edward Kennedys, and other liberal politicians that Forster and Epstein think Jews should rely on will either be helping out the anti-Semites in order to divert people from the real problems of capi­ talism, or else scurrying for cover. The vision of a liberal, tolerant, democratic America- an America that never. existed for many -surviving unruffled in the midst of a deepening world crisis is a utopian fantasy. Forster and Ep­ stein propose that security for Jews lies in aligning themselves with this dreamworld against the rising radicalization of the oppressed. It is a reactionary road to disaster. For Jews in America, as for Palestinian refugee camp after recent bombing by Israeli planes. Forster and Epstein call Arab peoples anti-Semitic everybody else, the real choice will be socialism for struggling against their Zionist oppressors. or barbarism.

THE MILITANT/AUGUST 2, 1974 27 8ight-wing_groug_poses as socialist 'Labor Committee' joins forces with co--~- By DAVID JAMES More than a year ago the National Caucus of Labor Committees (NCLC) launched a series of hooligan attacks against members and meetings of the Socialist Workers Party, the Communist Party, the Congress of African People, and other organizations. These goon-squad tactics were con­ demned by many groups and individuals, and ef­ fective defense measures helped discourage further. attacks. During the past year, the NCLC, which still claims to be socialist, has continued to move to the right. It now is clearly a right-wing organiza­ tion. This is well illustrated by its reactionary views on cops, oppressed minorities, and unions. Courts cops Recently the NCLC announced that "it is the ordinary cop who, for the moment ironically has taken the lead in opposing the establishment of a police state." This amazing piece of logic is found in a May 1 editorial in the organization's twice-weekly news­ paper New Solidarity, under the heading "Cops and Robbers." The editors explain, "In several cities around the nation this week, representatives of police patrolmen's organizations are taking the lead-in uneasy collaboration with the Labor 'Labor Committee' goons attacking 1973 mayoral candidates' meeting in New York City. Many groups and indi­ Committees and others- against an attempted fas­ viduals joined together to help discourage these violent attacks. cist takeover through the CIA's domestic arm, the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA)." Party, occupied the city council chambers to protest Rican liberation is referred to as "impotent fan­ The NCLC sees frictions between city cops and the death of a Black child in an elevator accident tasies of capitalist society" in a leaflet distributed the federally financed "human relations" cops and in a public housing project. The NCLC said this on New York's Lower East Side. Luis Fuentes, is attempting to form a bloc with the local flatfeet action of 400 was an LEAA plot to divert attention Puerto Rican superintendent of community school against the federal cops. "It is not surprising that from the hearings. Those who participated "let District 1, is characterized as the "head faggot the old-style patrolman enjoys an impulse or two the class know where they stand-squarely behind of Rockefeller's mop-up operation against the to fight back against this takeover," they write. the fascists." United Federation of Teachers (UFT)." "He may not see himself as consciously fighting When Blacks in Queens, New York, recently fascism as such. He may be more immediately protested the acquittal of a white cop who shot a Against strikes enraged at the knowledge that LEAA gunrunners 10-year-old Black, the NCLC condemned the dem­ Since the 1968 New York teachers strike against are setting him up to be gunned down by a dope­ onstration as LEAA-provoked. the struggle of Black and Puerto Ricans to control confused, brainwashed, ghetto youth-in order to The paranoid charge that every protest by Blacks the schools in their communities, the NCLC has create a 'need' for more LEAA takeover." and Puerto Ricans is engineered by the CIA and the supported the racist Shankerite leadership of the In Boston the NCLC joined forces with city LEAA is a demagogic way of attacking every UFT against the oppressed communities. But when councilman "Dapper" O'Neil and the Patrolmen's progressive struggle. There is no doubt that the unions strike for higher wages and working condi­ Benevolent Association, who are waging a cam­ LEAA, established a few years ago by the Omnibus tions, the NCLC opposes them. paign to oust police commissioner Robert DiGrazia Crime Bill, serves the interests of big capitalists The recent Amalgamated Clothing Workers for being too ''liberal." As part of this campaign like the Rockefellers. But city cops are paid to strike, for example, "was not a strike at all but a O'Neil initiated public hearings in May in which serve the same capitalist class and defend the same complete charade, a militant cover for a Rocke­ the NCLC participated. A report in the May 6 private property interests. feller-ordered lockout," according to an article in New Solidarity describes this as a "tenuous tac­ The NCLC's courtship of them has nothing to the June 26 New Solidarity. This is part of a tical alliance between the Labor Committees and do with fighting fascism. It is an attempt to bloc "calculated strategy designed to quietly send work­ other LEAA opponents, especially police officers with the most backward and openly racist cops ers to their deaths in Auschwitz-style work projects, and old-line politicians like 0' Neil. -that is, the cops who are fed up with antipolice workers are being systematically confused and "These right-wing forces are willing to make a sentiments in the ghettos and barrios and resent isolated by a series of provoked strikes." temporary bloc with socialists because the LEAA's the "mod squad" techniques of the LEAA cops. Commenting on the increased number of strikes plans for creating a streamlined Gestapo-like police in the construction industry, the article claims, force threaten their own lives." "The construction unions have not become more The reporter goes on to boast, "So far heads Virulent racism militant; if anything they have become more docile, of policemen's associations tn Boston, Cleveland, The NCLC' s overtures to the cops are related showing a willingness to swallow almost anything Philadelphia and Newark have been sympathetic to their racist views toward oppressed minorities. to hold onto contracts. It was therefore necessary to the Labor Commjttees' campaign; some agreed A recent leaflet distributed on New York City's to do a little 'outside agitating' to get these 'strikes' to testify at the hearings but have backed out at subways reveals their attitude toward Blacks. going." the last minute." Titled "Zombie Killers Out of Control," the leaflet Who are these "outside agitators" that gave the The day before the hearings began Black com­ begins, "You could be white. You could be black. construction bosses a helping hand? They are: munity activists and members of several radical You could be Hispanic. This summer you will be "the counterinsurgent carpenters union"; "critical organizations, including · the Socialist Workers walking down the street with your family and a Teamsters in allied trades (especially the suspicious cruising car will pull up beside you. A group of cement drivers)"; and "CIA-controlled countergangs young black men will jump out of the car and sur­ such as the Revolutionary Union," which was round you. active in "helping to push workers out into the "As they close in on you, you may notice that streets." The NCLC is a right-wing enemy of the their eyes show no emotion, their pupils are pin­ labor movement. Needless to say, it vehemently points. Your throat will be slashed, your wife will opposed the militant truckers' actions last winter be stabbed, your children's heads will be smashed and the founding of the Coalition of Labor Union against the pavement. The attackers will be grin­ Women in March. ning or laughing." This familiar racist hysteria about Blacks, so often used by right-wing politicians, is embellished For further reading on by the NCLC with the notion that ghetto youth are strung out on methadone and brain~ashed by the LEAA. What does the LEAA "brainwash" Degeneration of them with? According to the NCLC, the evil potions are "black nationalism" and "cop-hatred." To the Labor Committees NCLC then, Black nationalism and cop-hatred "Against Violence Within the Workers Movement,'' a are not a legitimate and expected response by new Education for Socialists Bulletin, describes the Blacks to decades of racial oppression, but rather degeneration of the Labor Committees as reflected simply a question of "brainwashing." This amounts in their "Operation Mop-Up" directed against the So­ to a denial that racial oppression even exists. cialist Workers Party and the Communist Party. The Their blatantly racist position is also shown collection of articles also includes material detail­ in an article on the NCLC in the June 6 Village ing hooligan attacks by the Progressive Labor Party Voice. One white member of the organization, speak­ and other groups. ing about Blacks, is quoted as saying, "The prob­ lem with gang kids is the agony of transition To order send 50 ~ents to: National Education De­ from jungle bunnies to self-conscious class lead­ partment, Socialist Workers Party, 14 Charles Lane, Asbury Park, NJ., cop shoots Blacks. NCLC col­ ers." New York, N.Y. 10014. laborates with these racist forces. While Blacks are labeled ']ungle bunnies," Puerto

28 • .. .. ; .• ' ~ , ,; ' i .~.' ~ '- t Frelimo advances; colonial troops 'war-weary' Troops of the Frente de Libertac;lio military headquarters in Beira to de M~ambique (Frelimo-Mozam­ pass on the message that they did bique Liberation Front) captured the not wish to fight and wanted peace town of Morrumbala in the northern negotiations speeded up so that they part of the country July 12. Morrum­ could return to Portugal." bala is located in Zambezia district, There are indications that the Spi­ not far from the Malawi border. nola government, increasingly unable Several days earlier, Frelimo lead­ to rely on its own troops in Mozam­ er Samora Machel had announced bique, has been clandestinely involved that the liberation fighters would open to some extent in ·aiding the sudden a new front in Zambezia. appearance of a new, right-wing guer­ The continuation of ·the fighting in rilla group opposed to Frelimo. The Mozambique appears to be accompa- · new organization presumably could nied by a growing war-weariness pose as a rival for power, providing among Portuguese colonial troops, a pretext for Lisbon to set itself up who had hoped that the April 25 coup as arbitrator between the two groups. in Lisbon would bring a quick end In a July 14 dispatch from Beira, to the war. In a July 12 dispatch Agence France-Presse reported that the to the Washington Post from Cape new group had been sighted not far Town, South Africa, Peter Younghus­ from Vila Pery. It is believed to be band wrote: led by Jorge Jardim, a businessman Frelimo column in Mozambique "Portuguese military informants tell from Beira. about soldiers meeting guerrillas in­ "A military communique from Lou­ formally in the Niassa district adjoin­ re~o Marques," AFP reported, "con­ caped from Portugal. " the newspaper Noticias de Beira, in ing Rhodesia in the past week-hav­ firmed that insurgent forces had been After the April 25 coup, J ardim went which he had an interest, saying he ing drinks and playing soccer with sighted and that troops in the Vila to Lisbon, where he took refuge in was upset at the manner in which mat­ them. Pery area had been placed on the the Malawi Embassy. ters were being handled with Frelimo "At the strategic town of Vila alert. by the new military leaders." Gouveia, on the way to Tete from "The communique did not specifi­ "A month ago," according to AFP, The news agency said that J ardim the Beira-Umtali road, an entire bat­ cally identify these forces, but implied "Jardim, heavily disguised, slipped out is believed to command about 1,000 talion refused to go into action, un­ that they might be linked to a move­ of the embassy and drove across the "crack paratroopers-mainly Frelimo official military sources said. ment instigated by Jardim, whose ar­ Portuguese border to Spain, where he deserters-who were loyal to him per­ "The battalion sent an officer, a ser­ rest had been ordered by Portuguese was seen at the Ritz Hotel in Madrid. sonally under the previous govern­ geant and a conscript to the regional authorities on June 17 after he es- "At the time, he sent a telegram to ment."

Boston forum protests Portuguese rule in Africa BOSTON- One hundred people at the Verde from that of Guinea-Bissau, noted that "there has been no revolu­ Militant Forum here July 19 heard Mateos insisted, 'We are not about tion in Portugal, only a coup ... and an appeal to "get the word out" that the business of compromising Cape the coup was like taking the lid off the Portuguese goverriment continues Verde." a boiling pan." to refuse independence to its African He cited Nixon's meeting with Por­ Sam Manuel described the role of possessions. tugal's President Ant6nio de Spinola the Portuguese Stalinists in propping The calls for protesting Portuguese just before the latest Moscow summit, up the capitalist system. He said that colonialism and the continuing U.S. and said, "Regardless of the shenani­ their attempts to defuse the revolution­ aid to it came from Salah Mateos of gans being played by the big powers ary upsurge and to help stabilize the the PAIGC National Support Com­ and all the talk of detente, we are Spinola regime are "a knife in the mittee; Jose Aica, an exiled Portuguese not going to take a back seat." back of the struggle of the colonies draft resister active in the Portuguese for self-determination." Committee for Democratic Action; Mateos said that demonstrations of Echoing the calls of Mateos and Richard Loben, a writer for Southern thousands of people in support ofinde­ Aica for protest actions, Manuel said, Africa mag.azine; and Sam Manuel, pendence have broken out in Cape 'We should demand: No U.S. aid to a national leader of the Young So­ Verde in sp~te of the strict control Spinola, and Portugal out of Africa." cialist Alliance. exercised by the Portuguese govern­ Such a demonstration has been The PAIGC is the African Party for ment. Citing the example of the anti­ organized in Boston for Aug. 1 at the the Independence of Guinea-Bissau, war movement, Mateos urged demon­ Portuguese state tourism (TAP) offices. which has been waging a national strations in the U. S. for the ,indepen­ Sponsors include the PAIGC National liberation struggle against the colonial dence of the African colonies. "Demon­ Support Committee, the Portuguese army of Portugal. strations that demand Portugal out Committee for Democratic Action, the Describing the strategic position of of Africa now are very important," Socialist Workers Party, the New Militant/Rich Cahalane the Cape Verde Islands off the coast he stressed. American Movement, and the Middle Salah Mateos of PAIGC National Sup­ of Africa, and attempts by the regime Aica described the neocolonial pro­ East Research and Information Proj­ port Committee said, 'We are not going in Lisbon to separate the fate of Cape posals of the Spinola regime, and ect. to take a back seat.'

William Gregory: a dedicated revolutionist William Gregory, a member of the listen to that mumbo jumbo for hours on, that he began to reject the ideol­ oners, the Muslims were refusing to Detroit branch of the Socialist Work­ on end. ogy of the oppressor. He began to un­ unite in action with others in prison ers Party, died of leukemia June 23. Gregory radicalized a lot later in derstand his oppression and to fight and making it easier for the authori­ The following are excerpts from a life than most who are joining our back. He was affected by the radicali­ ties to continue dividing the prison talk by Mike Kelly; Detroit SWP or­ movement these days. I think he was zation taking place around him. Pris­ population into hostile groups. ganizer, at a memorial meeting for 46 when he first came up to our hall on walls couldn't prevent its pene­ He read some Marxist literature for Gregory. here last August. But this fact is only trating to the most oppressed, the vic­ the first time while in prison. He one of a series of remarkable facts tims of capitalist society and capital­ realized that socialism was the answer. William Gregory was a materialist. about his life. ist 'justice." It was at this point that he decided Even knowing he faced certain death We know little about his early years, to dedicate his life to fighting for a from leukemia in the near future, he but perhaps enough. He was born He didn't travel a straight line to socialist society. rejected any retreat into mysticism, Black in Buffalo, N.Y., with nine sis­ revolutionary consciousness. There It was probably no accident that any retreat from the ideas he had come ters and five brothers, into a poor were detours. As with Malcolm X and at a time Gregory was breaking out to accept and love. family. He was born into a society others, he first looked to the Black of the mental straitjacket of decades I remember that on two of the oc­ that systematically oppresses Black Muslims for the answers. He became he also turned to art. He began draw­ casions I visited him in the hospital, people. He was no exception. a Muslim. ing in prison and found a hitherto Gregory- as he liked to be called­ Like many suffering from oppres­ But this was. not enough for him. hidden creativity. He even received complained to me about this preacher sion, he was driven to acts for which He once explained to me how he had recognition for his art work from Rut­ his sister sent from Buffalo to con­ he was jailed. He spent 13-and-a-half found this movement wanting, even gers University. Later, while here in vert him to Jesus. It was bad enough years of his adult life in various pris­ within the prison walls. While there Detroit, he was to draw for the Spear, having to lie in the hospital bed for ons, including the Ohio "pen." was a need for struggle inside the the newspaper of the Association of months, he said, without having to It was in the 1960s, while in pris- prison and· solidarity among the pris- Continued on page 30

THE MILITANT/ AUGUST 2, 1974 29 in the rightist coup there, but the in­ one book he was working his way ability of the Stalinists and Social through. It was Leon Trotsky on Liter­ Democrats to lead the workers in a ature and Art. He described to me struggle for power. in detail what he'd learned. He was Calendar Burchett's second argument is also very excited by it. The desire to edu­ AnANTA ~;,~g~~~~Rw~ BEHAVIOR MODIFICAnON-MIND CONTROL IN lutionary Marxist Group, a sympa­ advanced by the pro-Moscow Stalin­ cate himself was constantly with him. GEORGIA PRISONS. Speakers: Gene Guerrero, ex· thizing organization of the Fourth In­ ists. He explains that the monopolies, Just a few weeks ago I told him ecutive director, Georgia ACLU; Richard Rathers, voca. ternational. "by suddenly spear-heading the drive about our plans to sell a specially tional rehabilitation counselor and socialist; others. The LSA nominated Kate Alderdice, for high wages ... would accelerate large bundle of 1,000 Militants that F_ri., Aug. 2, 8:30 p.m. 68 Peachtree St., Third Floor. Donation: SJ. Ausp: Militant Bookstore Forum. For a woman worker and staff organizer the process that decades of fascism week. He said, "Oh, I wish I could be more information call (404) 523-0610. of the League, to run in a Toronto had provided: the gobbling up of the out there with you." He was so proud constituency against External Af­ medium and small enterprises." of our sales record. BROOKLYN fairs Minister and Deputy Prime Min­ This process, which has gone on It's a tribute to his firmness of con­ SOCIALIST SUMMER SCHOOL. Chinese Stalinism­ very well in the United States even Maoism in power. Port 1: Tues., July 30, 8 p.m. Port ister Mitchell Sharp. viction that, having only a short time II: Thurs., Aug. 1, 8 p.m. 136 Lawrence St. (near Alderdice focused on Canada's without "fascism," is viewed as a dis­ to live, he should dedicate himself to A&S). Donation: 50 cents per session. Ausp: Brooklyn complicity with the Chilean junta in aster by the Stalinists. The heads of making the socialist revolution. That Socialist Summer School. For more information call refusing asylum to the majority of "the medium and small enterprises" was his commitment to the very end. (212) 596-2849. political refugees who have applied. are supposed to be the "progressive" LOS ANGELES: CENTRAL-EAST She called for Canadian withdrawal wing of the capitalists, the ones who SOCIALIST SUMMER SCHOOL. The history of the Rus­ from the imperialist alliances NATO the CP can collaborate with. There­ sian revolution: its lessons lor today. Wed., July 31, and NORAD (North American Air fore, Burchett and other Stalinists pro­ 8 p.m. and Sat., Aug. 3, 10 a.m. 710 S. Westlake Ave. Defense Agreement). Other major pose that the workers sacrifice in or­ Donation: 25 cents per session. Ausp: Socialist Work· der to keep them in business. The one ers Party and Young Socialist Alliance. For more themes in her campaign were the need ... rampage information call (213) 483-1512 or 483-2581. for anticapitalist measures to flght thing that the Stalinists-whether pro­ Continued from page 32 inflation and unemployment, defense Moscow or pro-Peking- cannot imag­ LOS ANGELES: WEST SIDE innocent until proven otherwise. of the national liberation struggle of ine and refuse to support is the idea 'AmCA'- Film by Cinda Firestone. Fri., Aug. 2 and of a socialist revolution in Portugal. COPS is looking into possible legal Sat., Aug. 3. Location to be announced. Ausp: West the Quebecois, and full support of the action, including a damage suit and Side Militant Forum. For more information call (213) demands of the women's liberation injunction against the cops and a de­ 394-9050. movement. fense fund and defense committee if PHILADELPHIA The RMG presented three candidates the three suspects are apprehended. FBI PLOT AGAINST THE BLACK MOVEMENT. Speakers: in Toronto, Winnipeg, and Peter­ It also favors an independent investi­ Reggie Schell, chairman, Black United Liberation Front; borough. The three candidates gation by the Congressional Black Tony Austin, Socialist Workers Party candidate lor stressed what they termed "a program ... Gregory Caucus, the National Black Assembly, U.S. Congress, 2nd C. D.; others. Fri., Aug. 2, 8 p.m. of direct and immediate action: ob­ 1004 Filbert St. Donation: SJ. Ausp: Militant Forum. Continued lrom page 29 and other groups. For more Information call (215) WAS-4316. jectives which can broaden the scope Black Students at Wayne State Uni­ A COPS rally at Bethesda Church of workers struggles and improve the versity. heard Adams; Fala Udin, ofthe Con­ PmSBURGH relationship of class forces in favor Upon leaving prison Gregory met gress of African People (CAP); a rep­ POLICE IN THE BLACK COMMUNITY. Speakers: Sola of the proletariat; methods of struggle Udin Sailsalam Salaam, Congress of African People; his flrst Trotskyist. It was in Balti­ resentative of the NAACP; Black Lem­ Vince Eagan, Socialist Workers Party candidate for which unify the working class and more, I think, in 1970 or 1971. This ington Heights residents; and Naomi governor of Georgia. Sat., Aug. 3, 8 p.m. Graduate give it experiences in self-organization was when he was introduced to The Jones and Catherine Story, the School of Public Health, Filth and Desoto, Univ. of and proletarian democracy." Militant too. He began selling it there mothers of two of the hunted men. P"ottsburgh. Donation: SJ. Ausp: Militant Forum. For more information call (412) 682-5019. Both organizations called for a vote and continued this later in Buffalo. One Lemington Heights resident de­ for the NDP where there was no revo­ I think The Militant was what he loved scdbed a police assault on a Leming­ SAN DIEGO lutionary candidate. The LSA also most about the party. It explained so ton Heights apartment complex. She WHY NIXON IS MY FAVORITE ENEMY. Speaker: Fred gave critical support to the RMG can­ many things to him. said the cops descended with rifles and Holstead, Socialist Workers Party. Fri., Aug. 9, 8 p.m. didates. That was how we met him here in tear gas, and without warning or war­ 4635 E1 Cajon Blvd. Donation: SJ. Ausp: Militant Forum. For more information call (714) 280-1292. According to incomplete election re­ Detroit. I remember him coming up rant. People were forced to identify turns issued July 9, Kate Alderdice of to the han: He asked if he could sign themselves in their own homes. Apart­ SEA mE the LSA received 109 votes. The out some papers to sell. We said of ments were ransacked and money was DEBATE ON PUBLIC DISCLOSURE LAWS. Speakers RMG 's results were as follows: Linda course. I remember how excited we stolen. to be announced. Fri., Aug. 2, 8 p.m. 5623 Univer­ The speakers expressed concern for sity Way N. E. Donation: SJ. Ausp: Militant Forum. Peevers (Peterborough), 207; Bret were. It's not every day that some­ For niore information call (206) 522-7800. Smiley (Toronto), 40; and Murray one comes in off the street -and asks the safety of the hunted men. Jones Smith (Winnipeg), 78. Smiley and to sell The Militant. He sold 25 of and Story expressed bitterness at the TWIN CITIES Smith ran in constituencies held by that issue, as I recall. way their sons had already been pro­ SOCIALIST SUMMER SCHOOL. History of the Russian He enjoyed selling immensely. He nounced guilty. They were convinced revolution. Wed., July 31, 8 p.m. 25 University Ave. the NDP. S. E., Mpls. Ausp: Socialist Workers Party and Young had a lot of time-being on a medi­ that their sons had no chance of either Socialist Alliance. For more information call (612) cal disability because of his leukemia fair treatment or a fair trial. 332-7781. -so he would just stroll about the In another development, 70 pris­ Wayne State University campus, oners at the Allegheny County Jail WASHINGTON, D.C. hawking The Militant. We would often held a sit-in and refused to go to SOCIALIST WORKERS CAMPAIGN PmnONING VIC TORY CELEBRAnON. Speakers: Debby Bustin, cochair­ run across him with a crowd of 10 or court for sentencing. They said the woman, Socialist Workers 1974 National Campaign ... Portugal 15 Black students around him hotly judges were handing down stiffer sen­ Committee; Nan Bailey, SWP candidate lor mayor of Continued from page 25 debating. He would be defending tences and demanding higher bonds Washington, D.C.; other SWP candidates. Sat., Aug. eating the capitalists in the hope that Marxism and our party's political po­ since the July 3 shooting. 3. Refreshments and music, 7 p.m.; program, 8 p.m. 134S E Street N. W., Fourth Floor. Donation. 52. Ausp: they will grant a few concessions. sitions. The prisoners won the right to meet Socialist Workers Municipal Campaign Committee. For However, it was not the combativity While in the hospital he wasn't able with criminal court judges and to have more information call (202) 783-2391. of the Chilean workers that resulted to do a lot of reading, but there was observers attend the meeting. Socialist Directory ARIZONA: Phoenix: YSA, c/o Steve Shliveck, P.O. nister St. '4, Honolulu, Hawaii 96819. MISSOURI: Kansas City: YSA, c/o Student Activities Filth Floor, Portland, Ore. 97204. Tel: (503) 226-2715. Box 890, Tempe, Ariz. 85281. ILLINOIS: Chicago: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Books, 428 OHice, U of Missouri at Kansas City, 5100 Rockhill PENNSYLVANIA: Edinboro: YSA, Edinboro State Col­ CALIFORNIA: Berkeley-Oaldond: SWP and YSA, 1849 S. Wabash, Filth Floor, Chicago, Ill. 60605. Tel: SWP­ Road, Kansas City, Mo. 64110. lege, Edinboro, Pa. 16412. University Ave., Berkeley, Calif.· 94703. Tel: (415) (312) 939-0737, YSA-(312) 427-0280, Pathfinder Books St. Louis: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Books, 4660 Mary­ Philadelphia: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Bookstore, 1004 548-0354: -(312) 939-0756. land, Suite 17, St. louis, Mo. 63108. Tel: (314) 367- Filbert St. (one block north of Market), Philadelphia, Po. Los Angeles, Central-East: SWP, YSA, Militant Book­ INDIANA: Bloomington: YSA, c/o Student Activities 2520. 19107. Tel: (215) WAS-4316. store, 710 S. Westlake Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. 90057. Desk, Indiana University, Bloomington, lnd.47401. NEW YORK: Albany: YSA, c/o Spencer Livingston, Pittsburgh: SWP and YSA, 304 S. Bouquet St., Pitts­ Tel: (213) 483-1512. Indianapolis: YSA, c/o Dave Ellis, 1309 E. Vermont, 169 Quail St., Albany, N.Y. 12203. Tel: (518) 436- burgh, Pa. 15213. Tel: (412) 682-5019. los Angeles, West Side: SWP and YSA, 230 Broad­ Indianapolis, Ind. 46202. 0096. State College: c/o Bill Donovan, 572 W.HillsideAve., way, Santa Monico, Calif. 90401. Tel: (213) 394-9050. KANSAS: Lawrence: YSA, c/o Christopher Storr, Dept. Brooklyn: SWP and YSA, 136 Lawrence St. (at Wil­ State College, Pa. 16801. Los Angeles: City-wide SWP and YSA, 710 S. West­ of Entomology, Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence, Kans. 66045 loughby), Brooklyn, N.Y. 11201. Tel: (212) 596-2849. TENNESSEE: Nashville: YSA, P.O. Box 67 Sta. B, lake Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. 90057. Tel: (213) 483- KENTUCKY: Lexington: YSA, P. 0. Box 952, University BuHalo: YSA, c/o David Strong, 236 W. Utica, Buf­ Vanderbilt U., Nashville, Tenn. 37235. Tel: (615) 292- 0357. Station, Lexington, Ky. 40506. falo, N.Y. 14222. Tel: (716) 885-8861. 8827. Son Diego: SWP, YSA, and Militant Bookstore, 4635 Louisville: YSA, P.O. Box 8026, Louisville, Ky. 40208. New Paltz: YSA, c/o Dione Phillips, 36 Plattekill Ave., TEXAS: Austin: YSA, SWP, Militant Bookstore, Harriet El Cajon Blvd., Son Diego, Calif. 92115. Tel: (714) MASSACHUSETTS: Amherst: YSA, R.S.O. Box 324, U New Paltz, N.Y. 12561. Tel: (914) 255-1871. Tubman Hall, 1801 Nueces, Austin, Texas 78701. Tel: 280-1292. of Mass., Amherst, Mass. 01002. New York City: City-wide SWP and YSA, 706 Broad­ (5 12) 478-8602. San Francisco: SWP, YSA, Militant labor Forum, Boston: SWP and YSA, c/o MJiitant Labor Forum, way ~4th St.), Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. 10003. Tel: Houston: SWP, YSA, and Pathfinder Books, 3311 and Militant Books, 1519 Mission St., San Francisco, 655 Atlantic Ave., Third Floor, Boston, Mass. 02111. (212) 982-4966. Montrose, Houston, Texas 77006. Tel: (713) 526-1082. Calif. 94103. Tel: (415) 864-9174. Tel: SWP-(617) 482-8050, YSA-(617)482-8051; Issues Lower ManhaHan: SWP, YSA, and Merit Bookstore. San Antonio: YSA, 546 Blaze Dr., San Antonio, Texas. Son Jose: YSA, c/o Glenda Horton, 1253 S. 7th St. and Activists Speakers' Bureau (IASB) and Regional 706 Broadway (4th St.), Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. 78218. '70, San Jose, Calif. 95112. Tel: (408) 292-3289. Committee-(617) 482-8052; Pathfinder Books- (617) 10003. Tel: SWP, YSA-(212) 982-6051; Merit Books­ UTAH: logan: YSA, P.O. Box 1233, Utah State Univer­ Santa Barbara: YSA, P.O. Box 14606, UCSB, Santa 338-8560. (212) 982-.5940. sity, Logon, Utah 84321. Barbaro, Calif. 93107. Worcester: YSA, P. 0. Box 229, Greendale Station, Ossining: YSA, c/o Scott Cooper, 127-1 S. Highland WASHINGTON, D.C.: SWP, YSA, Militont Bookstore, COLORADO: Denver: SWP, YSA, and Militant Book­ Worcester, Mass. 01606. Ave., Ossining, N.Y. 10562. Tel: (914) 941-8565. 1345 E St. N. W., Fourth Floor, Wash., D.C. 20004. store, 1203 California, Denver, Colo. 80204. Tel: SWP MICHIGAN: Ann Arbor: YSA, Room 4103 Mich. Upper West Side: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Bookstore, Tel: SWP-(202) 783-2391; YSA-(202) 783-2363. - (303) 623-2825, YSA- (303) 266-9431. Union, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 2726 Broadway (104th St.), New York, N.Y. 11025. CONNECnCUT: Hartford: YSA, P.O. Box 1184, Hart­ 48104. Tel: (313) 668-6334. Tel: (212) 663-3000. WASHINGTON: Bellingham: YSA and Young Social­ lord, Conn. 06101. Tel: (203) 523-7582. Detroit: SWP, YSA, Eugene V. Debs Hall, 3737Wood­ Ist Books, Rm. 213, Viking Union, Western Washington FLORIDA: Tallahassee: YSA, c/o Meriwether Shep­ ward Ave., Detroit, Mich. 48201. Tel: (313) TEI-6135. OHIO: Bowling Green: YSA, Box 27, U. Holt, Bowling State College, Bellingham, Wash. 98225. Tel: (206) herd, 809 W. Pensacola St., Tallahassee, Fla. 32304. East Lansing: YSA, Second Floor OHices, Union Bldg. Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43402. 676-3460. Tel: (904) 222-2253. Michigan State University, East Lansing, Mich. 48823. Cincinnati: YSA, c/o C. R. Mitts, P. 0. Box 32084, Pullman: YSA, c/o Student Activities OHice, Wash­ GEORGIA: Atlanta: Militant Bookstore, 68 Peachtree Kalamazoo: YSA, c/o Gail Altenberg, 728 -s. Burdick Cincinnati, Ohio 45232. Tel: (5 13) 242-9043. Ington State University, Pullman, Wash. 99163. St. N. E., Third Floor, Atlanta, Ga. 30303. SWP and St., Apt. 3 Kalamazoo, Mich. 49007. Cleveland: SWP and YSA, 4420 Superior Ave., Seattle: SWP, YSA, and Militant Bookstore, 5623 YSA, P.O. Box 846, Atlanta, Go. 30301. Tel: (404) MINNESOTA: Mankato: YSA, c/o Chris Fronk, Rt. I, Cleveland, Ohio 44103. Tel: SWP-(216) 391-5553. University Way N. E., Seattle, Wash. 98105. Tel: (206) 523..0610. Box 6, Mankato, Minn. 5600 I. YSA-(216) 391-3278. 522-7800. 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30 Self-Determination in the Mideast Art, Culture, A debate from the pages of The Militant and Daily World and Revolution PROBLEMS OF EVERYDAY LIFE And Other Writings on Culture and Science Dave Frankel vs. Tom Foley by Leon Trotsky with an introduction by George Novack. The Russian Revolution was no simple political overturn, but a social revolution affecting every aspect of society-from religion and primitive isolation $.60 in the countryside to the traditional role of the family. Trotsky's writ­ Order from: Pathfinder Press, 410 West Street, New York, NY ings on the problems of everyday life, science, culture and philosophy reflect his concern with the relationship between cultural developments and the progress of the socialist revolution. A Monad Press Book exclusively distributed by Pathfinder Press. Calendar and classified ad rates: 75 352 pp., $8. 95, paper $3.45 cents per line of 56-charader-wide typ• wriHen copy. Display ad rates: $10 per column inch ($7.50 if camera-ready ad LEON TROTSKY ON LITERATURE AND ART is enclosed). Payment must be included by Leon Trotsky, edited with an introduction by Paul N. Siegel. with ads. The Militant is published each "Trotsky was one of the founders of Marxist literary criticism.... week on Friday. Deadlines for ad copy: sharp critical insight and considerable taste and judgment."- Louis Friday, one week preceding publication, Barron, Editor, World Encyclopedia of the Nations. "Trotsky was for classified and display ads; Wednes­ one of those rare figures in history for whom cultural questions were day noon, two days preceding publica­ as important as political ones, literary problems as fascinating as the tion, for calendar ads. Telephone: (212) ideological. . . . Trotsky was able to discern the distinction between 243-6392. art and politics, as well as the great social ties between them." - Cineaste. 284 pp., $6.95, paper $2.95

Available from the bookstores listed in the Socialist Directory on the facing page. Mail orders should be addressed to: Pathfinder Press, 410 West Street, New York, N.Y. 10014 Sell The Oil Swindle The and Watergate The Socialist Response to Profiteering & Deception Militant by Caroline Lund $.35 Join The Militant's sales campaign by ( ) Enclosed is $4 for a Militant taking a regular weekly bundle to sell shoulder bag (large enough to carry Order from: Pathfinder Press, 410 West Street, New on your campus, at your job, or near dozens of Militants plus books, leaf­ York, N. Y 10014. Write for a complete catalog. where you live. The cost is 17 cents lets, etc.) per copy, and we will bill you at the Name ______end of each month. Address ------­ City ------I want to take a weekly sales goal State ______Zip ___ of __ . Send me a weekly bundle of__._. 14 Charles,.l.ane, New York, N.Y. 10014.

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THE MILITANT/ AUGUST 2, 1974 31 THE MILITANT

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out further plans. few and called in state troopers. Ollie Bivins, Socialist Workers Party -B arnsville 's city council at first sus­ Boston candidate for lieutenant governor, said pended the white cop, but later rein­ in a statement: "This is not the first stated him. time a Black person has been shot killer cops: down in Boston, nor will it be the last. It is essential that the Black com­ munity unite in actions such as today' s 'mistaken to bring about an end to police vio­ lence. Pittsburgh "This racist police force must be re­ identity' moved from the Black community." By MARGARET SCOTT A month and a half ago, another Blacks hit )30STON -A predominately Black Black Roxbury man, Walter Robey, rally of 500 was held in Roxbury July was shot allegedly in a scuffle with 18 to protest the most recent in a two white cops from the tactical squad. police series of killings by Boston cops. One of the cops fired a bullet that The event that sparked the protest passed through Robey's abdomen and occurred a week earlier when James grazed the other cop's leg. The cop rampage was taken immediately to Massachu­ Wilds, a Roxbury store owner, was to dismiss them. The central demand By CHRISTINA ADACHI setts General Hospital, but Robey was shot and killed in what the cops of the mobilizations is the firing and ·PITTSBURGH- Protest continues put in a jail cell. termed a "case of mistaken identity." conviction of Watson and Mallory. against a police "manhunt" in the Several hours later, Robey was Two cops, Patrick Connolly and But demands such as for paving the Black community here following the Peter Jerome, each fired twice as Wilds found dead in a pool of blood in the streets in the Black community, rec­ recent killing of a white cop. cell. ran across the street after they pulled reational facilities, and more jobs for Picketers marched in front of the up to the car in which he was sitting. Blacks were also raised. home of Mayor Peter Flaherty car­ They said they saw Wilds raise his Justice Department officials and FBI rying signs reading: "Cops out of the arm as if he was going to shoot at agents appeared on the scene. "With Black community," "End racist police them. any degree of justice they will have terror," and "Flaherty, how does it The cops said they thought the car Blacks to bring criminal indictments against feel to be surrounded?" Wilds was in belonged to a man who the two cops," Brooks told reporters. The picket took place after a series was sought for escaping from prison. A boycott of white stores in Talbot of fruitless meetings with Flaherty dur­ They also claimed they thought Wilds blast cop County was initiated. After two weeks ing which he claimed the manhunt was the prisoner but they made no of demonstrations and boycotts, coun­ was not a "racial thing, II and the police effort to determine his identity. ty and town officials said they were were acting in a "professional man­ A witness who saw the shooting said, brutality in willing to negotiate. ner." "The cops were about 15 feet from A June 16 meeting of 200 at the Flaherty's cops have stopped and him. There's all the light in the world Friendship Baptist Church in Wood­ harassed Black people in the streets · here. If he had a knife or gun they land heard a report on the concessions and invaded and ransacked their could have seen it." Ga. towns the officials were willing to offer. The homes. Some have robbed,_ beaten, No disciplinary action has been ByJOELABER officials promised more social services or tear-gassed their Black victims. taken against the two cops. Instead, ATLANTA- In the wake of a strug­ and a county human rights commis­ A committee of Black groups and they were promoted to desk jobs! gle against racist police terror here, sion. But they refused to budge on activists, which has been meeting since The rally was organized by various Black communities in rural Georgia the firing of Mallory and Watson. Af­ the police rampage began, held a news groups including the African Libera­ have begun to mobilize against the ter thorougl:f discussion the meeting conference to announce the formation tion Support Committee, the Com­ police. rejected the officials' offer. of an organization called Citizens Op­ munity Coalition Against Repression, Two towns in which struggles have Vince Eagan, Socialist Workers Par­ posed to a Police State (COPS). the Black Ecumenical Commission of erupted are Woodland and Barnsville, ty candidate for gc. vernor, received Richard Adams, a COPS spokes­ Massachusetts, the Union of Com­ both in middle Georgia. loud applause when he addressed the man, emphasized that the slain cop's munity Construction Workers, and Tiny Woodland in sparsely popu­ meeting "to express my solidarity with partner is supposed to be the only members of the Massachusetts Black lated Talbot County has been the scene you. Whenever I campaign around witness to the shooting. That cop has Caucus. of the biggest actions. Woodland po­ the state, I'll be telling of your strug­ identified Lafayette Jones and Stanton A speaker at the rally, Dinizulu Seitu, lice chief Doug Watson shot and killed gle against racist police terror." Story as two of the three Black sus­ listed demands including suspension Willie Jean Carrecker June 28. W at­ Brooks noted that Eagan had been pects being sought. of the two cops, a public investigation, son and James Mallory, Woodland's one of the central leaders of the re­ Adams exPl"essed the organization's bringing the cops to trial on charges other cop, claimed that a struggle en­ cent demonstrations against police anger that the three men are being of first degree murder, and abolition sued after they arrested Carrecker for terror in Atlanta. "Keep that in mind referred to publicly as "murderers. 11 of the Decoy Patrol, an undercover allegedly driving under the influence when you cast your ballot," he added. He said that COPS considers the men unit. He announced a meeting to map of alcohol. Another struggle is taking place in Continued on page 30 The county coroner refuses to make Barnsville. On one side of the rail­ public the results of the inquest, but road track that divides the town is the undertaker says Carrecker was its poor, crowded Black community. shot through the heart while in a sit­ On the other side is its once prosper­ ting position. Powder burns indicate ous white section with spacious ante­ he was shot at clos-e range. Photo­ bellum homes and magnolia tree-lined graphs of the body taken by Tyrone streets. Brooks of the Southern Christian Barnsville's Black community ex­ Leadership Conference (SCLC) show ploded July 9 after Dwayne Johnson, that Carrecker had been badly beaten. a young Black man who walked into The day after the killing, Carrecker's a white poolroom, was beaten by white widow called on SCLC in Atlanta to . thugs. During the beating, a white help organize protest activities, and cop, Rex Johnson, drew his gun on Brooks went to Talbot County. Since the Black youth. then, militant marches and rallies of Spontaneous anger in the Black com­ up to 1,000 people out of a total munity resulted in two nights of re­ county population of 6,600- 65 per­ bellion. Windows of many white-owned cent Black-have occurred. stores were smashed. Fires were set Militant/Rich Cahalane The Woodland city council has sus­ and the city hall was damaged. The Port of crowd otJuly 18 rally pended the two cops but has refused mayor imposed a dusk-to-dawn cur-

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