International Journal of Basic & Applied IJBAS-IJENS Vol:10 No:02 40

Student’s Perspective on Factor Influencing Them in Understanding and Practicing the of Prophet Muhammad S.A.W. Mashitah Sabdin1 and Ridhuan Tony Lim2 1Mashitah Sabdin is with the Department of Management & Humanities, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, 31750 . (Corresponding author to provide phone: +605-3687758; fax:+605-365 6280; email: [email protected]). 2M. Ridhuan Tony Lim is with the Department of Management & Humanities, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, 31750 Malaysia. (Corresponding author to provide phone: +605-3687769; fax:+605-365 6280; email: ). [email protected]).

Abstract-- This study is an attempt to identify secondary school sayings, practices, and living habits. The Hadith are reports on students’ views concerning their understanding and practice of the Sunnah. The Sunnah has a high authority in Islam; and Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad S.A.W., specifically the Allah in many places (examples) in the Qur’an orders the factors that influence students in secondary religious schools in to follow the teachings of Prophet Muhammad Malaysia in order to understand and practice the Sunnah in their S.A.W. daily life. The samples for this study consisted of 576 students The word Hadith and Sunnah are used interchangeably, but from four secondary religious schools selected from four states in Malaysia. The study adopts a survey technique via sometimes these are used for different meanings. But in this questionnaires to collect data. The questionnaire was analyzed research the researchers used it as having the same meaning. based on the Likert Scale. The findings revealed that the To deal with the topic, it is necessary to know the position of students’ attitude is the most prominent factor that may the prophet in Islam because of the indispensability of Hadith influence them in understanding and practice of Sunnah of depending upon the position of the prophet. Prophet Muhammad S.A.W. (mean=18.14) besides other factors Educational system in Malaysian schools is extensive. It is like Parents’ role (mean=17.42), Teachers (mean=15.22) and divided into 4 levels; pre-school, primary school, secondary Syllabus (mean=13.49). The outcome of this study could assist school and higher learning institution or university. Education teachers, schools administrators, students and the Ministry of at the secondary school is the most vital one. It offers a Education of Malaysia in equipping students with Islamic teachings. This research is also hoped to enrich the Hadith comprehensive education programmes. The curriculum literature and Hadith study in Malaysia. Thus a fresh draft can includes a wide range of subjects from the arts and sciences as be drawn to upgrade the Hadith studies in the curriculum to well as vocational and technical subjects that provides a benefit a new generation of students in Hadith studies. practical basis and a hand- on approach to learning. Several religious schools and special education schools also offer Index Term-- Sunnah, Hadith Studies, Malaysia, Secondary secondary education. With the emphasis placed on Schools, Secondary Religious Schools technological literacy, the smart school concept was I. INTRODUCTION introduced in 1996. There are two major legal sources of jurisprudence in Islam: Secondary schools in Malaysia are set up by both the the Qur’an and the Sunnah. The Sunnah confirms what is government and the private sector in two main categories of mentioned in the Qur’an, interprets and explains it, specifies secondary schools: regular and religious1. The former is what is meant by some general verses, limits and restricts the known as sekolah menengah (SM), and the latter known as meaning of some verse in it, or explains something that has sekolah menengah kebangsaan agama (SMKA). been revealed in Qur’an. In general, the word Sunnah means tradition, practice, II. HADITH STUDIES IN MALAYSIA EDUCATION SYSTEM 1 . The other categories of the secondary schools are vocational, The subjects that are taught in Secondary Religious Schools technical, boarding school, sekolah sukan and Sekolah Pendidikan Khas under are; Pendidikan Syariah Islamiah, Pendidikan Al- dan the observation of Jabatan Pendidikan Khas. All schools whether academic, Al-Sunnah, Bahasa Arab Komunikasi and Bahasa Arab technical, vocational, and religious or Sekolah Pendidikan Khas prepare students for the Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (Malaysia Certificate of Education). Tinggi, Tasawwur Islam and other subjects that similar with Open Certification examination at the end of two years of upper secondary national schools, following the KBSM. However the education. Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, researcher only focused on PQS in this study. Students who 2004. http://apps2.emoe.gov.my . customary procedure, or action, norm and usage sanctioned by tradition. In specific, any time the word Sunnah is mentioned, it refers to Prophet Muhammad S.A.W. Here it means his

104802-3535 IJBAS-IJENS © April 2010 IJENS I J E N S International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS-IJENS Vol:10 No:02 41 take Pendidikan Al- Quran dan Al-Sunnah normally use the This study involved a survey questionnaire as means of integrated curriculum. collecting the necessary data. The questionnaire was based on In the upper level of secondary schools, form four and form the Likert Scale and developed by the researcher herself. The five, students have the opportunity to study Pendidikan Al- questionnaire, which was originally written in English, was Quran dan Al-Sunnah as their elective subject. The Ministry translated into Malay as the subjects were more proficient in of Education hopes that through this subject the student may Malay, their native language. enrich their theoretical and practical understanding of matters The researchers used descriptive statistic to analyze the data. relating to practicing Al-Qur’an and Sunnah. The results were presented using frequencies and percentages analysis using SPSS version 9.0.

III. PROBLEM STATEMENT V. FINDINGS With regards to moral problem among Muslim in the From these items the researcher tried to analyze whether their university nowadays, the researchers believe that students’ understanding and practice of Sunnah are influenced by academic performance does not mirror their practical Students’ attitude, Teacher Roles, Syllabus and Parents’ roles. behavioral. In other words, theoretical outcomes do not All of these items are put in the third part of the questionnaire necessarily result in practical behavioral outcomes. where the students were asked to indicate the degree of their Though the students scored A for Islamic subjects but the agreement for every item. Each item was to be responded to by practice are not as excellent. Hence the study aims to find the checking one of these: Strongly Agree, Agree, Undecided and factors influencing them in understanding and practicing of Disagree and Strongly Disagree. Sunnah of Prophet S.A.W. To facilitate interpretation and discussion, the researcher This paper is an initiative to find the factors that opposed to collapsed the five-point Likert Scale into a three-point scale. what their learn theoretically. It is hope that it could highlight Responses in the ‘agree’ and ‘strongly agree’ categories were some pertinence view and explain student’s non confirming combined into one category. The ‘Undecided’ remained practical behavioral outcomes to theory. This is can bring unchanged; and responses in ‘Strongly disagree’’ were about implication to Sunnah studies in Malaysia. combined with ‘Disagree” into one category. In relation to the above reasons, the researchers was clearly Table I until table IV shows the respondents agreed on which interested to investigate whether the objectives and aims of factors influence them in understanding and practice of Sunnah. Pendidikan Al- Quran dan Al-Sunnah which has been The factors that may influence their understanding and practice highlighted by the Ministry of Education have achieved any of Sunnah are described as of four factors: 1) Students’ attitude, success which is to produce knowledgeable students and pious 2) Teacher roles, 3) Syllabus and 4) Parents’ roles. at the same time, to ensure what has been studied is practiced. Below are the variables that the researcher attempted to Students’ views of the factor that may influence them in investigate in order to know the factors that may influence the understanding and practice of Sunnah: Students’ attitude students’ understanding and practice of Sunnah. The variables Table I shows students responses to the items in students’ are: the students, teachers, syllabus, and parents’ roles. attitude. Five out of eight items scored greater than 80% in the column of ‘agree’. The most prominent factor that would IV. THE STUDY influence them in understanding and practice of Sunnah is This study assumes a quantitative method. The researchers their attitude. This indicates that majority of the students analyzed the data using Statistical Package for Social Sciences agreed with that statement. Respondents point out that subject (SPSS). The samples for this study consisted 576 students PQS increase the religious knowledge of the students, and from 4 religious secondary schools selected from 4 states in students should implementing lesson of Sunnah in their daily Malaysia, namely Kolej Islam Sultan Alam Shah, Maahad life are both the agree factor that may influence them in Mahmud, Sekolah Menengah Agama Perempuan Taayah, and understanding and practice of Sunnah is their attitude, in SMU (A) Maahad Muhammadi Lil Banat. The researcher which each role scored 96.7% and 94.1%. There are 93.2% of distributed 576 questionnaires and all of them were returned. the respondents who agreed students should refer to their The samples consisted of both male and female students, teachers if they have problems in subject PQS. 88.2% believed coming from both streams: and Arts. Four schools that the students should expand his/ her knowledge on this were taken from four different states. This is because, the subject PQS through other sources and 80.9% of the researcher needed samples taken should be of a larger size. respondents agreed students pay serious attention during Furthermore, these four schools were the most popular schools teacher teach subject PQS in the class. among religious secondary schools in their state because of 78.8% the respondents agreed on doing revision for subject the excellent academic performance in national examination PQS. In contrast, another 94.1 % disagreed that the subject such as PMR and SPM. It is also important to note that Pendidikan Al- Quran dan Al-Sunnah should be made Sekolah Menengah Agama Perempuan Taayah Perak and compulsory to Muslim students. This shows that majority of SMU (A) Maahad Muhammadi Lil Banat, the samples are of the students agreed that students’ attitude had a big influence females only respectively. This is because both schools are in order to understanding and practice of Sunnah. In fact, most single- gender schools. of them agreed that this subject should be made compulsory to

104802-3535 IJBAS-IJENS © April 2010 IJENS I J E N S International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS-IJENS Vol:10 No:02 42 Muslim students and time period allocated for PQS should be subject PQS did proper preparation before class. Whereby maximized (85.5%). 72.9% of the respondents agreed the teaching method of PQS TABLE I was interesting and easy to understand and teachers of subject STUDENTS’ VIEWS OF THE FACTOR THAT MAY INFLUENCE THEM IN PQS practice two way communication. 69.3 % agreed teacher UNDERSTANDING AND PRACTICE OF SUNNAH: STUDENTS’ ATTITUDE of subject PQS apply continuous evaluation. Another 65.3% Items Agree Undecided Disagree n n n agreed that teacher of this subject PQS provide aids for weak % % % students. 1) Subject 25 9 542 TABLE II Pendidikan Al- 4.3 1.6 *94.1 STUDENTS’ VIEWS OF THE FACTOR THAT MAY INFLUENCE THEM IN Quran dan Al- UNDERSTANDING AND PRACTICE OF SUNNAH: TEACHER ROLES Sunnah is not Items Agree Undecided Disagree suppose to be n n n made compulsory % % % to Muslim 1) The teaching 420 131 25 students method of this 72.9 22.7 4.4 2) I do revision 454 104 18 subject PQS is for subject PQS 78.8 18.1 3.1 interesting and 3) Time period 20 63 492 easy to apprehend. allocated for PQS 3.6 10.9 *85.5 2) Teacher for this 425 129 22 should be subject PQS did 73.8 22.4 3.8 minimized preparation before 4) Student should 537 9 30 the class start. refer to their *93.2 1.6 5.2 3 Teacher well 50 50 18 teacher if they versed in this *88.2 8.7 3.1 have the problem subject PQS in subject PQS 4) Teacher of this 457 100 19 5) Subject PQS 557 1 18 subject PQS can be a 79.3 17.4 3.3 increase the *96.7 0.2 3.1 good role model to religious understand and knowledge of the practice Sunnah of students the prophet. 6) Students 542 19 15 5) The teaching 497 58 21 should *94.1 3.3 2.6 method of this *86.3 10.1 3.6 implementing subject PQS is lesson of Hadith according to in their daily life. suitability of the 7) Students pay 466 93 17 students. serious attention *80.9 16.1 3.0 6) Teacher of this 420 133 23 during teacher subject PQS 72.9 23.1 4.0 teach subject PQS practice mutual in the class. communication. 8) Student should 508 51 17 7) Teacher of this 399 150 27 expand his/ her *88.2 8.8 3.0 subject PQS apply 69.3 26.0 4.7 knowledge continuous on this subject evaluation PQS through 8) Teacher of this 376 143 57 other sources. subject PQS 65.3 24.8 9.9 * 80% and above provide aids for Students’ views of the factor that may influence them in weak students. understanding and practice of Sunnah: Teacher Roles * 80% and above Table II indicates that only two items in students’ views of the Students’ views of the factor that may influence them in most prominent factor that may influence them in understanding and practice of Sunnah: Syllabus understanding and practice of Sunnah -teachers scored above Table III shows student responses to the items of the syllabus 80%. This means that less number of respondents agreed with of PQS. Six out of eight items are related with syllabus scored this role compared to student attitude. greater than 80% in the column of ‘agree’ that the most The data indicates 88.2% of the respondents agreed that prominent factor that may influence them in understanding teacher should well be versed in this subject PQS. 86.3% of and practice of Sunnah. This indicates that majority of the them agreed the teaching method of this subject PQS was students agreed with that statement. Respondents identified according to suitability of the students. 79.3% of them had the that lesson of subject PQS lead them to be closer to the same opinion that teachers of PQS could be good role models prophet and his Sunnah, and the syllabus of this subject PQS to understand and practice Sunnah of the prophet. provide them appropriate knowledge in understanding and Regarding items in students’ views of the most prominent practice of Sunnah, in which each items scored 93.9% and factor that may influence them in understanding and practice 92.7%. There are 92.2% of the respondents agreed that the of Sunnah -teacher, there is no item scored less than 60%. syllabus of this subject PQS give them more knowledge about More then half of the respondents (73.8%) agreed teachers for Sunnah. About 89.1% respondents agreed that the syllabus of this subject PQS provide a conducive medium for students to

104802-3535 IJBAS-IJENS © April 2010 IJENS I J E N S International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS-IJENS Vol:10 No:02 43 enslave themselves to Allah and 88.3% of the respondents suitable reading material related to subject PQS. Despite the agreed that the syllabus of subject PQS concern about the fact that 54.6 % of their parents provided specific aids for development of personality. In addition 76.2% of the weak children in this subject PQ. In addition 54.1% of the respondents agreed the syllabus of subject PQS could easily to respondents agreed that their parents lived according to the be understood; besides 70.8% of the respondents agreed the teachings of the prophet. The least of the respondents (46.8%) syllabus of this subject PQS provide them an adequate were of the same opinion that student’s parents had sufficient knowledge to sciences of Sunnah. This indicates that majority knowledge about this subject PQS. of students have the same opinion that syllabus have a huge TABLE IV influence in order to understanding and practice of Sunnah. STUDENTS’ VIEWS OF THE FACTOR THAT MAY INFLUENCE THEM IN UNDERSTANDING AND PRACTICE OF SUNNAH: PARENT ROLES TABLE III Items Agree Undecided Disagree STUDENTS’ VIEWS OF THE FACTOR THAT MAY INFLUENCE THEM IN n n % n UNDERSTANDING AND PRACTICE OF SUNNAH: SYLLABUS % % Items Agree Undecided Disagree 1)Student’s 270 259 47 n n n parent has 46.8 45 8.2 % % % sufficient 1) The syllabus of this 531 25 20 knowledge about subject PQS give us *92.2 4.3 3.5 this subject PQS. more knowledge about 2) Parent of the 312 232 32 Sunnah student lives 54.1 40.3 5.6 2) The syllabus of this 534 23 19 according to the teaching of the subject PQS provide us *92.7 4.0 3.3 prophet. appropriate knowledge 3) Parent of the 307 231 38 in understanding student involved 53.3 40.1 6.6 Sunnah in the social 3) Lesson of this 541 21 14 activities subject PQS lead to be *93.9 3.6 2.5 pertaining closer of the prophet and Sunnah of the his Sunnah. prophet. 4) The content of this 493 57 26 4) Parent 341 191 44 subject PQS is relevant *85.6 9.9 4.5 encourage 59.2 33.2 7.6 to today’s need. student to give 5) The syllabus of this 513 52 11 priority to subject PQS provide a *89.1 9.0 1.9 this subject conducive medium for PQS. students to enslave 5) Parents 336 193 47 provide suitable 58.4 33.5 8.1 themselves to Allah. reading material 6) The syllabus of this 509 54 13 related to this subject PQS concern *88.3 9.4 2.3 subject PQS. about the development of 6) Parents 315 209 52 personality provide specific 54.6 36.3 9.1 7) The syllabus of this 408 122 46 aids for weak subject PQS provide us 70.8 21.2 8.0 children in this an adequate knowledge to subject PQS. science of Sunnah. 7) Parents are 492 59 25 8) The syllabus of this 439 114 23 happy with the *85.4 10.2 4.4 subject PQS can easily to 76.2 19.8 4.0 excellent be understood. performance of their children in * 80% and above. this subject Students’ views of the factors that may influence them in PQS. understanding and practice of Sunnah: Parent roles 8) Parent 487 68 21 Table IV indicates that only two items in students’ views of concern about *84.6 11.8 3.6 their children the most prominent factor that may influence them in daily understanding and practice of Sunnah -Teacher scored above practice in line 80%, meaning that less number of respondents agreed with with the prophetic this factor compared to the Syllabus of PQS. The data traditions. indicates that 85.4% of respondents agreed that their parents * 80% and above. had excellent performance in this subject. 84.6% of ‘Students’ views of the most prominent factor that may respondents’ parents were concerned about their children daily influence them in understanding and practice of sunnah’ practice in line with the prophetic traditions. Regarding the By looking at the highest mean score from Table V, the items of parents’ roles as the factor that may influence researcher find out that the students’ attitude is the most students in understanding and practice of Sunnah, there are six prominent factor that may influence them in understanding items which scored less than 60%. Only 59.2% of the and practice of Sunnah. The mean is 18.14 compared to Parent respondents’ parent encourage student to give priority to this role (17.42), Teacher (15.22) and Syllabus (13.49). Syllabus is subject PQS. 58.4% of the respondents’ parents provided the least prominent factor perceived by students. The

104802-3535 IJBAS-IJENS © April 2010 IJENS I J E N S International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS-IJENS Vol:10 No:02 44 researcher used skewness and kurtosis to test the normality of appropriate the data. From the analysis, only the factor parents’ roles are knowledge in understanding within the range that it falls between -1 to 1. So, the Sunnah. assumption on normality holds on that factor. The analysis to 1) The 531 25 20 other factor was not conducted because the ratio was not syllabus of PQS *92.2 4.3 3.5 acceptable. give us more TABLE V knowledge RESULTS OF THE MEAN SCORES AND NORMALITY TEST about Sunnah. 5) The 513 52 11 Types of Mean Std. Skewness Kurtosis Factor Deviation syllabus of PQS *89.1 9.0 1.9 provides a Students 18.1406 3.1693 2.472 10.491 attitude conducive medium for Teacher 15.2222 5.3121 1.160 2.597 students to enslave Syllabus 13.4878 5.0251 1.905 6.400 themselves to Allah. Parent 17.4184 5.3282 0.455 0.195 6) The 509 54 13 role syllabus of PQS *88.3 9.4 2.3 Table VI demonstrates the ranking of the factor that may concern about influence them in understanding and practice of Sunnah. the development of personality 96.7% of the respondents agreed PQS increases the religious 8) Student 508 51 17 knowledge of the students. Another 94.1% of the respondents should expand *88.2 8.8 3.0 agreed students should implement lesson of Sunnah in their his/ her daily life. The 93.9% goes to the lesson of PQS lead to be knowledge on PQS through closer to the prophet and his Sunnah. 93.2% of them are of the other sources. same mind that student should refer to their teacher if they 3) Teacher 50 50 18 have problems in PQS. In addition 92.7 % of the respondents well versed in *88.2 8.7 3.1 agreed the syllabus of this subject PQS provide them this subject PQS 5) The 497 58 21 appropriate knowledge in understanding Sunnah. The least of teaching method *86.3 10.1 3.6 the respondents (80.9%) mentioned that students pay serious of PQS is attention during teacher teach subject PQS in the class. according to Whereby only 3.6% of the respondents agreed time period suitability of the students. allocated for PQS should be minimized. 4) The 493 57 26 content of this *85.6 9.9 4.5 TABLE VI subject PQS is RANKING OF THE FACTOR THAT MAY INFLUENCE THEM IN relevant to UNDERSTANDING AND PRACTICE OF SUNNAH. today’s need. Items Agree Undecided Disagree 7) Parents 492 59 25 n n n are happy with *85.4 10.2 4.4 % % % the excellent 5) Subject PQS 557 1 18 performance of increase the *96.7 0.2 3.1 their children in religious PQS. knowledge of 8) Parent 487 68 21 the students concern about *84.6 11.8 3.6 6)Students 542 19 15 their children should *94.1 3.3 2.6 daily practice implementing in line with the lesson of prophetic Sunnah in their traditions. daily life. 7) Students 466 93 17 3) Lesson of 541 21 14 pay serious *80.9 16.1 3.0 PQS lead to be *93.9 3.6 2.5 attention during closer to the teacher teach Prophet and his PQS in the class. Sunnah. 4) Teacher of 457 100 19 4) Student 537 9 30 PQS can be a 79.3 17.4 3.3 should refer to *93.2 1.6 5.2 good role model their teacher if to understand and they practice Sunnah. have the 2) I do 454 104 18 problem in PQS revision for PQS 78.8 18.1 3.1 2) The 534 23 19 8) The 439 114 23 syllabus of PQS *92.7 4.0 3.3 syllabus of PQS 76.2 19.8 4.0 provides us can easily to be

104802-3535 IJBAS-IJENS © April 2010 IJENS I J E N S International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS-IJENS Vol:10 No:02 45 understood. period allocated 3.6 10.9 *85.5 2) Teacher 425 129 22 for PQS should for PQS did 73.8 22.4 3.8 be minimized. preparation * 80 % above. before the class start. 1) The 420 131 25 VI. CONCLUSION teaching method 72.9 22.7 4.4 For any course design of any subjects, it would be ideal if of PQS is theoretical outcomes of students transcend into practical interesting and behavioral especially subjects involved students ethic and easy to apprehend. moral behavior such as . The findings from this 6) Teacher 420 133 23 study revealed that students attitude to what they have learnt of PQS practice 72.9 23.1 4.0 in schools actually determined their practice and daily mutual undertakings. This would implicate the curriculum and communication. 7) The 408 122 46 instructional method in teaching of subjects like Hadith or syllabus of PQS 70.8 21.2 8.0 Islamic teachings. For example, the ministry and education provide us an stakeholder may put more emphasis to external supporting adequate activities besides learning of the subjects confined in the knowledge of sciences of classroom. Sunnah. 7) Teacher 399 150 27 REFERENCES of PQS apply 69.3 26.0 4.7 [1] Al-Qur’an continuous [2] Azwira Abdul Aziz, Ahmad Kamal bin Mat, Muhammad Hashim b. evaluation Nawawi. 2002. Pendidikan Al-Qur’an dan Sunnah Tingkatan 4. 1st Ed. 8) Teacher 376 143 57 Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP). of PQS provide 65.3 24.8 9.9 [3] Babbie, Earl. 2001. Practice of Social Research. 9th Ed USA: aids for weak Wadsworth/ Thomson Learning. students. [4] Cohen. L. & Manion.L. 2001. Research method in Education. 4th Ed. 4) Parent 341 191 44 Routledge: London. encourage 59.2 33.2 7.6 [5] ; A journey to excellence. Kuala Lumpur: student to give Ministry of Education. Kuala Lumpur: DBP. priority [6] Edward L.Vockell & J. William Ascher. 1995. Educational Research. to PQS. 2nd Ed., London: Prentice Hall International. 5) Parents 336 193 47 [7] Fraenkel & Wallen Fraenkel, Jack R. 1990. How to design and evaluate provide suitable 58.4 33.5 8.1 research in education. New York: Mc Graw- Hill Publishing reading material Company. related to PQS. [8] Haji Abdullah Ishak. 1995. Pendidikan Islam dan Pengaruhnya di 6) Parents 315 209 52 Malaysia. 1st Ed, Selangor: DBP provide specific 54.6 36.3 9.1 [9] Kamus Dewan. 1994. 3rd Ed., Selangor:DBP aids for weak [10] Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia 2002. Sukatan Pelajaran Kurikulum children in Bersepadu Sekolah Menengah “Pendidikan Al- Qur’an dan Al-Sunnah”. PQS. 2nd Ed, Selangor: Dawama Sdn Bhd. 2) Parent 312 232 32 [11] Kohli, O.P. 1992. Students' attitude towards religion in relation to of the student 54.1 40.3 5.6 personality characteristics, intelligence and socio-economic status. New lives according Delhi: Mittal Publications. to [12] L.R. GAY. Educational research: competencies for analysis and the teaching of application. 4th Ed. New York: Merrill, an imprint of Macmillan the prophet. Publishing Company. 3) Parent of 307 231 38 [13] Langenbach, M., Vaughn, C. & Aagaard, L. 1994. An introduction to the student 53.3 40.1 6.6 educational research. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. involved in the [14] M. M. Azami. 1977. Studies in Hadith Methodology and Literature. social Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust. activities [15] Maimon Mat Husin. 1993. Pendidikan Islam Tingkatan 4 & 5, 1st Ed., pertaining Malaysia: Longman. Sunnah of the [16] Malik ibn Anas. 1985. Al-MuwaÏÏa’, 3rd. Ed. Beirut: DÉr al- ’Afaq al- prophet. JadÊdah. 1) Student’s 270 259 47 [17] Marshall, Catherine.1989. Designing qualitative research, Newbury parent has 46.8 45 8.2 Park, Calif.: Sage. sufficient [18] Mohd Asraf, Ratnawati. 1995. The attitudes of non-native ESL teachers knowledge toward a notional/functional syllabus. Tallahassee: Florida State about PQS. University. 1) PQS is 25 4.3 9 542 [19] Mohd Fauzi Mohd Amin, Affaf Abd al- Hamid, Mohd Radhi Ibrahim. not suppose to be 1.6 *94.1 2003. False Hadith and Their Effects on the Muslims in Malaysia, made (Prosiding Seminar Hasil Penyelidikan KUIM). compulsory to [20] Muhammad Salih Samak 1983. Ilmu Pendidikan Islam, 2nd Ed. Kuala Muslim Lumpur: DBP. students. [21] ______1983. Ilmu Pendidikan Islam, Trans: Wan 3) Time 20 63 492 Amnah Yaacob, Saedah Suhaimi, Ahmad Ismail, 2nd Ed. Kuala Lumpur: DBP.

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