The Place-Names of Bedfordshire

THE PLACE— NAMES

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' T R REV . WAL E KEAT L LD P W S D. . HD . , C. L . _

ELRINGTON AND BOS WORTH PROFES S OR OF ANGLO-SAXON j N D FEL OW n m’ OF o ms EGE A L s C OLL . I V l X N ROC EED NGS o . S P , ( . . IV) . i 4 mb r 1 898 to 2 3 M o ceed n s 2 N o ve e a 1 90 W t m 0. i h o Pr g , , , y, C 1 — 98 l i n O . u municat o s N . s 9 5 . . 8 net. , XLI. pp . Il w" . ‘ ' na s f the Em re T J. . C ark e o s lo tina. J. W C ark T he G l , D ri p l , A u i

r O f xt s IV W. Corner n n L b a . u c S s an R mi n Vat a d e a s at M t a i i r y i wu , i i l , s bso n T o Heb ewoc en s t M r mt o f h 1 1 M ex co . e th and 1 2th n i Gi , r D u ce ts .

M Ward T he tr ct e Of a er . . H . S W L. and . . a sher Astb r ( , u ur P p ) J Gl i , u y z h mo e r - W. H. l Vo e t e d e . H the o tte and ock a T he Icknield Wa . p r y ll Bu l ll , y

- v mber 1 0 o o ce e in s N o e 9 0 29 M a With o m 7 C Pr d g , , , t y, — . 99 1 68 llus 8 5 net mni ti ns N O . . . . 8 . uca O . . , XLII pp I mn so n e s Of the Co mo t n h At n S a a a d o f t e M a or Of Cam T . D . ki , l l y y - r n E M D . s b E Fo ste a d . c . C ac on A re Re ormat on r d e aten i g . J . . J k , p f i p .

n s otter M . R m s er E a es a n n s rm W L a . . t o er at J . . . Gl i h , gli h p y J , P i i g f ly Wo rcester Priory ; S culptures o n the so uth portal O f the Abbey Church at - msb r S c t res at L nco n Cat edra . C. E. S a e t nder b M a e ox l u y ; ulp u i l h l yl , A i

h es eare . W . S ear e M eda of st n an 1 ed to S a . . attribut k p G l , A l Ju i i Aut l 1 9 1 t us 9 s 4 u 0 o 7 1 02 Wit eedin h C mm o . o uni c Pr g , J y, , g ,

— 9 2 2 . ll s n t . 1 6 9 us 1 9 . 5 N o . . . e catio ns . . , XLIII pp I ’ fih m ar s C rch wa a rior. H All x S t M S . . Ford am C . . P i , y hu , P G h , A -B t emn a se d W. L man r t s S e t e t t O . s osed Ro . . a s er No pp o i i h l y Gl i h , t u ' J H Wa e A. C . dd n Th mWare and S ra i ato r . a o e Evo t on Of tin ha the g g fl , lu i u st o mN rt Ir n s Cart ; A pre Chri ian Cro ss fr o h ela d ; S tage and rejects in th e mts H ne me en W. A. ard n e re O f to I . rm mact S a ace t c an al uf u pl i g , D lf Ph u i ’ ’ fie H min K . H es t ers d at o sea t r Ware T . M e o t o te s fie d near . ugh , P l g ; P l Jesus College ; Bo x o f Weights and S cales fo r testing M oidores ; A Kafii r l ' r t hes near C err H nto n Excavat ons o wr wWa D c at x o t an Pi lo ; i h y i ; i B h d f mn z r to ns o n he m e R ed t Ca On m V a O o a o difi t o Kna we ca ns Of. p ll ill g i B i ; i n t T Rema ns O f t Do r n an Ind a C o he he e storic Rom des n o an ig i l h ; i g , P hi , mr e Anc e ors -s e - and M ed aeva o nd near Ca b d nt H e o s T r arer i l , f u i g ; i h ; A u f p

s mo re and Excavat o ns in the M ar et ace Arb r . M romWe t . R . f l ; i k Pl ; u y mes e c ra rass O f S t Henr Of F n and Le end Of S t S te en a S ; ; J , pul h l B y wi l A g ph amto n . M rs Le s v s t to the Co t c M n f C tt e o aster e S t Urith o hi l h p i , A i i p i i s E J Ra son Arc aeo o ca Ex orat ons Of Dr S te n in Ch n E t . . . e o f gyp p , h l gi l pl i i i se T urkestan . 1 8 M a 1 903 Wi in s 1 4 O cto er 1 902 to . th Co m r ed P o ce g , b , , y, 2 93— 4 98 end late N O . . . s I mui cati ns . n o , XLIV pp P XVII

' 6 net. h llustrati o ns . 73 . d XXIII and 2 1 Ot er I .

W. C Exeter C H D Cat n A o st e S oons . . a at edra L brar . . li g, p l p J l rk , h l i y ’ wee s s . o s n T wo eces o f rn t re T o W e W C e descr t on o f the a d pi fu i u ; h l D k ; l ip i ’ o mE amE st Ro . . Co n b ar W . e e O r t L brar Rother s a . b ects Unive si y i y ( ) J y , j ’ f r b Fr sc a Cort n m F . M . Como d S e o t a d A z arrin ton e zo fo und at B g . , i yl i p .

' “ r mlde n M orden . . E. Fo st mro nze Ob ect o er C arter r a H. . Fo d , j , G h B f Gui ( h " J B. Ga skoin Un vers t W s at et r An ese Abbe . 0 . . e relating to gl y y J , i i y ill P c s r Cher hinton ’ s W r tc e nea . H e a . W O F T M K. r . borough . . ugh Di h y - n H H r rmat o aten . . er Pre Re o re R m nd . E. Fo st o an Hughes a J , f i P u ll, E H M inns so t o n Of T ornton Cur s romHa xton M . . . s tois. O bject f u ill , Di lu i h Ho s t o B R d ern M eta Ex b ts . C . E. S a e a f St o n x ord W. . e f , l hi i yl , pi l J h , Du f ; ' l h r h - o il ec u. . e t W c Abbess f L c W. S a a e nam Ro o f t he s M ortuary ll k , Pl e ‘ - o r e Wo o den n e and e S as e . xiv on t don re . A. C. Y e o f Hun ing shi k , k if h l ( ) , B Cruciﬁx . S ROCEEDINGS V ol . N . . . P , XI ( V)

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d am Fo r H; G . h ,

PUBLICAT IONS : O CT AVO S ERIES

O X LII N . . T HE PLAC E - N A M E S

BEDFO R D S HI R E

W ER EA IT T RE . A W S . . . PH D V . . . . LT K T , L D , LL D , ,

ELRIN GT ON AN D BOS WORT H PR OFES S OR OF AN GLO- S AXON ’ N D W H E A FELLO OF C RIS T S COLLEG .

amb QE t gz

PR IN T ED FO R T HE CA M BR IDGE A N T IQ UA R IA N S OCIET Y .

SO LD BY DE ELL M ACM ILLA BOWES . IGHT O B CO . AN D N, N

LON O GEORGE ELL AND S O S . D N , B N 1 906

1 3 0 1 0 5 8

CONTEN TS .

P R EFAT ORY R EM AR KS

T HE S UFFIX -BOROUGH z— Eddlesbo ro ugh

T HE S UFFI - UR N E - U RN z— H sbo ne C awe M e c X BO , B u r r l y, l h b o ne Redbo urn s ok e o b n e t W ur , , ur

T HE S UFFI X -BRIDGE z— S tanbridge

T HE S UFFI - R K z— M b o ok S a nb o ok T b o ok X B OO ill r , h r r , il r

T HE S UFFI - URY — Howbur L mb M illo wbur z X B y, i ury, y

T HE S UFFIX -CLIFF — Ho ckliffe

T HE FFI - T E - T — Bi t a ul t East S U C CO sco t C deco te Ca cot X O , , l , , c o tts Ho c t T horncote , l u ,

T HE S U FFI -DEN -DEAN z— Dean Ravensden S ta s den X , , , g , S to dden W den Y e den , il , i l

T HE S UFFI X -DIS H z— Farndish

T HE S U FFI -D N -DO N z— Batt esden Cadd n ton Har X OW , l , i g , n o uHa owd n Hone don M a d n Pe s on Ro xt n t e e d o li g , rr , y , ul , g , , Ruxox S n ton S to ndon S ndon Old Wa den ( ), hilli g , , u , r

T HE S UFFI - EY z— A ese S and T ve X rl y, y , ur y

T HE S UFFI -FIE D — Cranfield FrO X fieId Win field X L , , g

T HE S UFFIX —FOLD — S totfo ld

T HE S U FFI - F RD — Ba fo d Bedfo d Girtfo rd Lan fo d X O r r , r , , g r , ffo d S tanfo d T emsfo d S a fo d S e l r , h r , r , p r

' T HE S U FFI -GRA E — C a ave Lea ave o ts rove X V h lgr , gr , P g

T HE S UFFI - HA E — M e e s a e ten a Ren o d X L pp r h ll, P r h ll, h l

- — B mamC a mo HAM B dden amB n a T HE S UFFI : , , p X i h , lu h r mh l en amS t d a H amav ms am mFe e ha , l r h , igh , P h , u h

T HE S UFFI -HAN GER -M o e an e Polehan er X gg rh g r, g

T HE S U FFIX -HAT CH z— Hatch V i T T CO N EN S .

T HE S U FFIX -HEAD z— M anshead S we n s ea . , i h d

T HE S U FFIX - HEAT H — Heath

T HE S UFFI -HI z— Amt l C o Ode Puddlehi l X LL p hill, l phill, ll, , o x Wroxhill Pull hill ,

T HE S U FFI -HO E — B etso e B n ainh M illo w d a C o e K e so e X l , u , , y , , Putno e al ho S e e n o S e S har enho e S so e S ta lo e , p , g h , p , il , p , T otternho

T HE S UFFIX -HOLT z— Eversho lt

T HE S UFFIX -HUR S T — Bo n st G aven st l hur , r hur

T HE S UFFI -ILL z— o t S o t X N r hill, u hill

T HE S U FFI - IN G : - K nott n M a sto n F n e Westo n In X i g, r illi g , g

T HE S UFFIX - LAX E — Fenlak e

T HE S UFFI -LEY z— As e aw G se C e Co cka ne Hat e X pl y ui , r l y, y l y, a es G ad O ak e est e R se e S te n e S to s e N r l ly , l y , Pr l y, i l y, ppi gl y, p l y, S t eat e T e W e r l y, hurl igh, ill y

THE S U FFIX - LOW — Henlow

FI -M EAD mB hm THE S UF X : us ead

T HE SUFFI -M U N T — Rid mount X O g

' T HE S UFFI X - POOL — Cople

T HE S UFFIX -S AN D — Chick sand

T HE S UFFIX - S N ADE — Whipsnade

S U FFIX -S TAPLE z— Dunstable

T HE UFFI - T EAD — s m S X S z Wil ha stead

3— S UFFIX -S T OKE : Redbournestoke

T HE UFFI - T — E stow S X S OW z l

T HE S UFFI -TH R PE z— T End S o ul d o X O hrup , r p

T HE S UFFI -T O N -T ON z— Ba to n in the C a Bees ton X W , r l y, , amton Ca to n C fto n C C sto ne p , rl , li , lip ,

D nto n Eato n S o co n Eaton B a Eve to n F tto n u , , r y, r , li ,

‘ n Ho t n R s K emt Ho to n Co est o e s on Le to n ugh qu , ugh gi , p , igh B zza d L ton M a sto n M o rte ne M a ston Pillin e u r , u , r y , r g , M ton o tto n S e ton S ta ton S t atton S tton il , P , h l , ugh , r , u , n In o otton boston Chawsto n esto W W W g, , y ,

T HE S UFFI - IN GT ON a B n to n Ca d n to n Go d n ton X ( ) illi g , r i g , l i g , L d n ton od n to n T odd n ton b C e n to n E n i li g , P i g , i g ( ) h lli g , ggi g n to n mn to to n S tev n to n W W , i g , illi g , y i g n

- — mtr T HE S UFFI X TREE Wixa ee CONT ENT S . vii

T HE S U - ADE — B e wade FFIX W : iggl s

E I - — Ho e Ickwell Rad e S ewe FF E w w T H S U X W LL l ll, , ll, ll

T HE S UFFI - ICK z— Astwck F twck Ha dwck Hinwick X W i , li i , r i ,

T HE S UFFI - D — a X WOL H rrold .

- m T HE S UFFI RT H : COlmorth E wt E h T ~ w d o wort eb X WO , r h , y , n w wo th T swo t W est o t r , il r h, r li g r h

T HE S U FFI X -YAT E — M arkyate

— w E e lo Br ro wB M IS CE AN US NA B ad o bo oomC M ES z LL O , g , r , hil n H e enswo i k il t n End Ha Ho me d K t P c sh l e es r , , y , l , y , r h, ,

x n o mries Fa mS T h Reac Rowne S e to s S e db ck h, y, , r , u ury, i n ur k t o n T o n T t U b W est a h r , h r , i gri h, p y, r P r

REM ARKS

CON CLU S ION IN DEX

THE PLAC - NAM S OF B DFORDS HI E E E RE .

PREFAT OR REM AR S Y K .

“ 1 1 m - 90 ess o n T he P n e m IN y ay lace am s Of Ca bridgeshire wa s u e th m e e An un C S e and p blish d for a bridg . tiq aria oci ty, a

t e te h u t e s e e s mn th li tl la r am S oci ty p bli h e d y seco d essay Of e “ ” s a te o n T h P - n m n e e e es Hun n e . am ch rac r lac a , Of ti gdo shir

n 44 A ae o I 1 h E s He s . m 90 t e a t rt rch ol gical S ociety accepted fro mn s ma am a e a d u e e w e le o n T h P e p blish d a o hat l rg r p ph t e l c mH ” n es o f e d e ne wh e v us a rtfor shir , arly all Of ich had pr io ly

i mn t r appeare d from time to tim e n the colus Of he Hertfordshi e

M r ur e c y. T he Editor Of the Bedf ordshire S ta ndard kindly grante d m n h e m mme u t e e e ss n e n himme t s p r i io to d , fro ti to i , d ri g y ar “ - nams O f 1 f me s o n T he e e 905 ns O a S s , portio i ilar ay Plac ” mo n a in a v e w Be d e wnowe s e dfor shir , hich app r r is d for mhich a n t mthe e u amn the h e C e e cco t I i d bt d, for ird ti , to a bridg

An ua n tiq ria S ociety . n m f w a ns O f we at a A e e mn n e pr li i ary co sid r tio , id applic io , y

n en en b e n co v i tly e h re give .

1 T h e - na es Of Be e are n e a all o f n t e . e plac m dfordshir rly a iv

r a w e n to t he t English origin ; and a e l ays form d accordi g s rict

- mm rule s Of Anglo S axon gra ar .

E e n r two t es . e t ese n e are o o 2 . N arly all h am s Of e yp ith r

are S n ﬁ an s ess n e Eve s o or e are they ig i c t Of po s io , lik r h lt th y me e s me n e he e t e o f s t n e M . T d scrip iv po i io , lik illbrook for r a r f r ws ﬁ st w a r we l antat n o to ha t Re. a , a pl io ood d hill , hich r wse n e in ut mn t en sse ss O f s e per ane tly ak po ion by a q a t r ho am , wthe te e n wube ve e s e n s e E r mod r p lli g, o ld ; hilst lat r r f r to a 1 ctavo S eri es . N o . XLII . C . A . S . O - E OR S HIRE 2 T HE PLACE NAM ES O F B DF D .

umill s u . brook o n which som e o ne built a useful and con pic o s

v - s and in T he nam e Ever occurs again in E ers den ( Camb . )

- we e Evers ley It is spelt euer i n M iddl e English ( h r

- mn th u un e as v Bo or in An S n Eber in Ge e is so d d ) , f glo axo , r a , ’ ‘ t was s bu T h s n and A er in n . e e e e p Lati lit ral is a boar, it f r u n n e T he En n e EO o fre e ly used as a perso al am . glish am occ rs n m i h e en t e Be wuand the R n e n t e f u amo s Old po m ti l d o lf, oma a

us T n e - A n n he Ge E per is m e tio ed by Tacit . rma b r hart (hard n our rd h ns we e o r strong boar) was spe lt Euera by t e Norma h c

n E e moder v rard .

A e - n e e M e e art-hors e plac am lik illbrook is form d , lik c , by simple juxtaposition ; but in posse ssive nam es the form er part

f t in he en v E r n w th o h w u t e e s e e v e ord occ rs g iti cas . e a s rs to

A An - n o r- os en r T h en e S . S e o . eo o . e ( glo axo ) f , g Of f g itiv form

n - w d e in n n n n ut ﬁne e A S o e e b e n p ds, glo axo , partly g d r ; if co

r n n m o u e he n s mn w ar t e e e une the att tio to a Of , hich masc li ,

u r e a n t ff u I u e o n wwfﬁ e e t o e r l s di ic lt . fact , th s ill s c .

' 1 the n n n i - i . If omi ative e ds n t ( n very e arly times) or in

- as is uu in e e n n n en the en t ve en ( mor s al) or a co so a t, th g i i ds

' n - m i E : I ni fo r I n n es . e m e I ne E r n e e . s o o e . xa pl s , lat r , g ; f , g E r Ini or Ine a f n e n n n o o es . ws u w We f a amo s ki g Of ss x, o ly k o ui e to s n the n I na wi was (I f ar) most Of Lati ise d form ; h ch e in not e n c rta ly his r al ame .

2 - . e t e n mn n d e e d in a an e N arly all o h r o i ativ s , tak a

in - en t e an . ut he en e a a n g i iv Th s g itiv Of Of is Oﬁ .

C n e e the en e m e us n I n u es e o v rs ly, g itiv for ass r s at o c that the n n e u no t e been I in ue En u n t omi ativ co ld hav a tr glish . B it be n e fo r o ur n s n e may said, o c all, that Old Lati hi toria s mad

Of na e n me a sad hash all tiv a s. T he only book that seems to have be en occasionally consulte d

e n e s the e B but by fourm r i v tigators is celebrate d Dom sday ook ; it m st be rem e mbere d that i n many cases this famous record

n e n e n s and u n not nu e o ly giv s Norma sp lli g , that s ch sp lli gs e uent fr q ly misrepre sent such English sounds as the Norman e u not e s n un e th e scrib s co ld a ily pro o c . It is usually e cas that e wt a som ha late r spelling by a native scribe give s a far better e the u e un Of the n e id a of tr so d am . R T EM ARK P EFA ORY R S . 3

T h aun f i rm s e s e ue s o n n ar th An o e e . mo t th tic so rc fo atio gl

n e s - w . e n n m S e the we e t ns e e axo Chart r I r f r to ll k o di io by K bl and B h and the se e e s e e E e and e irc , to l ct chart r dit d by arl Thorp .

W ﬁnd s f wa I e e n es n the C wC e e te al o a m ra ford hart rs , di d by

e and n n is no nt s o T S e e . e e u he Napi r t v so Th r good co y hi t ry . ’ account o f Bedfordshire in Camd en s Britannia i s very brie f and

a nd the fe we un - r h n are wess e e poor, r marks po plac am s o t l . “ ” His s n a m utate me t th t Be dford i plies beds and inns a t a f ord us an nn t n d be e e w e e is l dicro , ca o r co cil d ith his oth r (corr ct)

nt t A ' n - o e e one f the e as Be n . . S . o w stat m , hat form am da f rd

For he A n w n n u and t u bed e e e . b d s S . ed e is t r, ith a g si g lar a

en n s in - g itive plural bedd a ; and not o ne Of its cases e d an. M e e ue u f e en n . d in the e O or ov r, it do bl s its co rs d cl sio Be e th n uthe AS e C e s ne e . sid s hart rs , it is al o c ssary to co s lt

n e and n w e -n C a e n in w e s e hromicl , y oth r arly riti gs hich plac am are e n ne f th in e es . S e O e C e s n y e tio d om hart r o l xist lat copi , and s e o f e e mn n th e u e e e e om th s xhibit Nor a sp lli gs, p c liariti s o f w ube w r hich m st allo e d fo .

a n wthe I ppe d the nam e s o f som e oth e r useful records ith

e n w en e . abbr viatio s hich d ote th m

— L ard Ro s S e es vol . . H R . u es M nast c d . . A. M Anna o e . l i i, ( ll ri ) ; iii tus de Dun 8 T s o e c nta ns the Anna es Priora 1 . m 66 hi v lu o i l sta lia p .

— Cat A Des criptive Catalogue Of Ancient Deeds ( Record S eries ) .

— C a te o a enda Of the C a te Ro s in the b c C . R R s C . h r r ll ; l r h r r ll Pu li

— c 2 5 d 1 3 . Re o d Ofﬁc D. 1 22 1 . E . 90 A . 6 7 r e ; vol . i .

— rumin T Lo nd n Cla sa l R . mu R C . Close o lls Rotuli Litteraru urri i i

Vol . 1 204 i D a d . ens asservati E . T H d . . . r y i (

— 1 224 R 2 T he 44 ol . . l . m C . sa e 1 8 v . ( ) ii (

E — . Do es a k D . m d y Boo .

— 1 802 Ed . . E. T Ec c es ast ca T ax i . l i i at o

— liumin C a S caccarii mOri ina EX R Exc e Ro Rot o . . h quer lls ul ru g uri

Abbreviatio vol Ed . 1 805 . ; . i .

— l. A . F s o . F. e udal Aids (Reco rd S erie ) v i

— o r mvol . . R ndred H. u H n R R t H . u dred o lls ( o uli u ) i

— R . ol ol . . H. T he a e v v . m , . ii s ii ' — Ca e J. med . taru Es cae I . mve M o te S m. In isitio nes o st . u p q p r , i l y ; l s o d e e . v . Reco S i . ( r ri )

— l s S e es b Ro . D. S e R B Red Book f the xc e e ed . W. . . O E h qu r ; l y ( l ri )

S ee the ndex in vol . i . iii E PLA E- AM ES O F E FO R S HIRE 4 T H C N B D D .

— H Ha t S e th ndex in d . . . e e R ams a t a e W . C C. R e . y h r ul ry ; r i

vol . iii .

— — w III Ed . ill Hen. . N . T esta de ev T . N (

— umi T L as r ati T e Ro s Rot Chartar n ondinensi se v T R. w o . r ll uli urri ; H d ed T D. a . . r y

n n mwe M any O f th ese contain an inde x Of perso al a es as ll

- e ue n f n B u e n ue O e e . b as plac am s oth sho ld co s lt d , b ca s ma y f h " t O t e former refer o the latte r . Whe n I cit e a n Anglo - S axon personal nam e as being o n ’ e n un e in e n n e e S e r cord, I m a that it is d ly i s rt d arl s O omastico

n - x nicumn ns mO f A S a o w e e glo , hich co tai a fairly co pl t list all s n n in n n uA . e are u u e e . ch S . am s as fo d pri t d doc m ts

In e n n the e n n s e-n e e and xplai i g m a i g Of plac am s, it is b st

e n e e n to the uff e w e clear st to arra g th m accordi g s ix s hich th y n contain. T hus M elchbourne a d Woburn will be considered

- - ue t n n h . e e t e ufﬁ urn e b urn b o e tog th r , b ca s bo h co tai s x or f u n i h n e O fﬁ u n B w T e umb r s xes fo d edfordshire is up ards Of

f t and e are o f n t e En n f w or y , th y all a iv glish origi a act hich is

S n ﬁ n e is o r Of great ig i ca ce . Th re scarcely a trace of Norse

n and t e e be an e n uin - n e C e s Da ish , if h r y ltic , it o ly occ rs riv r am , w no e t en e n f e ss . o w hich I do pr t d to xplai A good d eal orthl talk has been spent in the past in trying to ﬁnd Celtic origins fo r n w r n a e o t Ce t T e e has ne e ma y ords that l ic at all . h r v r n uW in B t e e e e e s n e the e o f Ec berh b m ch lsh dfordshir i c tim g , the e at lat st. T he En ufﬁ un i e n Be f e are glish s x s fo d d ordshir , most Of

e e n e e and n e n en be e e th m , r adily i t lligibl , may co v i tly h r

nue - - e e . T he e ne are : r u ur b o h bo ne brid e m rat d chi f o s o g , , g , ” - r ok - bur - — - - - - - b o cli ote o r cot den dish don e i eld , y, ﬁ, c , , , , y, y ,

- ord ra ve - ha le - ha ll - h m- h n - h - l - - a a er ea d hi l hoe holt f , g , ) , , g , , , , ,

- hur t - in J ------s ake le l wm o ea m d un n o t mo t ool sand , g, , y, , , ) , p , ,

- ua - s ------s de tead stoke st wh o t or e d ro ton tree wa de , , , , p ( p ) , , , ,

- l - wi k - - - wl wl e o d wr o th and at S e e se e. e ue , c , , , y om Of th r q ir e e u n u b t e are not fﬁ t i u. fu som l cidatio , th y di c l It s rth er con venient to n e at the m co sid r sa e tim e such name s as Hatch and He e us e e a re u e as ufﬁ e in un e t e auth , b ca th y s d s x s oth r co i s , e e e u n A e . f w n tho gwh th y h r occ r alo e other ames are noted e aft r ards . T HE S FFI ES - O RO H - O R E 5 U X B UG , B U N .

As the n e s e e e n u e e e e e to am s l ct d , th y i cl d all (I b li v ) that ’ are recorded in Ke lly s Post Ofﬁce Directory Of Bedfordshire not excepting small hamlets that are i nclud e d unde r the ea n the a in w ar s u h e e t T e h di g Of p rish hich th y it a e . s e t a e s b Bun e n ue in N t and r r e e mall s pp ar to d a, i cl d d or hill , p en e i n the e n e u s t d Dir ctory by a si gl ho se .

T he u x ufﬁ s e ve n t wno e wb vario s s abo o d ill e discussed in

e e e e the n th ir alphab tical ord r . N arly all ame s are to be found ’ in B n unt C A t u r e a e not in the n e aco s o y tlas , ho gh th y all i d x . ’ T he n e P s un i C A s s on th we e e e i d x to hilip o ty tla , hol , a b tt r P ’ A o ne . t 1 831 has e e e n igo s tlas ( ) som Old r sp lli gs .

1 BORO H . UG .

’ B r h is the S burh Of which the ense o u A . e o g from , Old st s wa T he e s ri the u the s e b e a small fort . dativ ca g g is so rc of n E n B e ur . ee ue u b S e R . mod r . g f rth r d r U Y (p

’ EDDLE BO H — B n At s Eddlesboro uh S ROU G . aco s las mark g

n n n B a n in B o u dl ee e E s e e s Ed es Gr , ar ato ray, b i g d , th gh

h i w he s n is H e e t e se n e in Bu. u s e t boro g its lf cks o v r, as c r ai ,

we be e e n e e e ﬁnd e n s W ese it may as ll h r co sid r d . th sp lli g

’ E l ur E E l o vesb at dul s rwA a dus e ﬁ d C r bu . . e e e ; , F ; f g as a pr x

n i l ma i Ead lf i in l D o t cus . us K eme e e b s I d x to his Cod x p a

‘ ’ n l h ea n n Eadwulf s e e Of Eadwuf and t e lat sp lli g ; m i g is ’ ‘ ulf’ ’ h u s n Ead s e e t b E st i n He e w e e e . . oro gh . l r rt m a s tr mOf m n e t e e ve n n e Eadwulf no e com o am , l ss tha igh y xa pl s ha

ee n e e b r cord d .

2 BO R E B R . U N , U N .

Th A n e n t r t e E b r o . e . S . um a a brook a small s r am xample s

M e un R ed or e k uin Hu ne C we e b n sto e and occ r sbor ra l y, lchbo r , , W un ob r .

’ H S ORNE RAWLE — C e in P A a the U B C Y . all d hilips tl s by n n P Husbo rn and e Of C we Hus ne I C we am ra l y bor . igot , ra l y

are ed se a Huo rn e n the e n te sb e mark as p ra , b i g mor orth rly . B n h en u H t W e n me aco marks a Crawley ea . h do bl a s Of this - H E 6 T HE PLACE NAM ES O F BEDFORDS IR .

n n f uu the e Of en the n e uo e O e ki d occ r, th m ( s ally latt r) is t am n wn Of the e in O f the chief family resident in ( or o ce o ers ) plac

n mare e - n e in u n B t in e e q estio . u this cas both a s plac am s We ﬁnd n uC we e e n e s . origi , tho gh ra l y b cam a family am al o ’ — l T N E ra u . n i D C ee . h n l e C awla . . e wO d r e t follo i g sp lli gs , ; , ; M Huss bwrn A e e un E T II us ur R B . . b n . Hus b r . . s s e e . e , ; , , ;

Cr ul F A u R In e n H ss rne Cran l H . a e e . . u eb e , ; , a gr at ma y

instanCeS the s ufﬁ - uin D and e M e e n B . , x , as fo d oth r iddl

En e n e n ufﬁ - a n en e the e e A S . glish sp lli gs , r pr s ts s x , a g itiv

- e e we n n e in a and S O in form from a omi ativ , this cas lik is , u of Hus e e n A n e H s e Hussan n e the e e S . r pr s ts , g itiv Of am ssa,

w ue ne e n e ar n H n e Hu e n w e hich fo r xampl s k o . c sbor m a s ’ ’ H s B us a s T h e . s e n wn C w e e tr am . str am is also k o as ra l y rook

T he e n n O f C n -LE we un e Y . m a i g ra l y is give d r (p

— M ELCH O R E M h burne R . C . S e M un D E elc e . elceb r e . . B U N p lt , , ;

M elcheburn H R E T he e ﬁ T T R h r A . . u M l b ne E . . . . . e o , , , c , pr x

ns we s in o e n h M milch t e e En ml he e e c a r f rm to iddl glish , , mod r E il h n e e . mu u b b t i e e ee c , f ll Of milk th s pith t s ms o ly to appli d to ws An n . e ml h in h En D e e t e co oth r c , glish ial ct Dictio ary , ’ e n m e wo r n ui bu e e t e e to b m a s llo soft, s ms O ly appli d to fr t

Ore e T a lsk in D n e ven . e e n m e e e atabl s h r is oth r a a ish dial ct , gi

‘ ’ M o lbech nswn i li w e n S wee e A S ms c by , a ri g to . . , hich m a t t, as

a e e or to n e n i e the ppli d to m ad a ho ey d dri k . It is poss bl that e e e e f last Of th s is h r re e rre d to .

‘ ‘ REDBOU RNES T K E — un n r O ; Here Redbo r e see ms to m ea ed ’ e m - see u e un E str a ; f rth r d er S TO K (p .

WO R — . S e urn B o e obern D urn R B. b e . W b W e . . Wo uBU N p lt , , ; , ; WOb rn ubur Wo n A In n A e E uurn a t a . W b C . S , , ; , V C e e 9 6 n mh i 9 e n f e V Oburn n a e O t s hart r dat d , m tio is ad g or m en W un s e B n 5 1 e . m 7 . C S . . Of ob r ; irch , art axo iii Fro A S ’ . ok b rn . wu e ﬁnd e e . e ; lit rally, crook d str am I it impossibl

e e on the new n n wt e w to trac str ams Ord a c map ; ha ith ‘ ’ n u- ne s and un n s h n e t e e e A co to r li bo dary li , task is hop l ss . y e m oth r ap is Often clearer ; the crooked stre am appears in ’ Pigot s Atlas

- M ES O F E FO R S HIRE 8 T HE PLACE NA B D D .

5 B R . U Y.

n the A ri e l the e e e S . b T h bur e . e form g r pr s ts g g, r a ly dativ ‘ ’ n E u T h en e b r h. e e f urh e . o o O b cas , a fort , mod r g s s is fort,

in n un s P e - n e in An n mn e . a d is it co mo ma y co ti lac am s , glo

n w f en in the e e the e n oet S e e axo , r O t dativ cas , pr positio

e n unde e n E a t . (mod r . ) b i g rstood i l bur l ow. x in Ho wbur uand M E e u s ampl occ r y, Limb ry, y wen n es we e A in I kwell Bua d in e c lso ry , oth r cas h r it is ritt separately .

wn Be HOWBURY e the o f the ue e ee li s to North O s , b t dford h uh in an T he eﬁ H wthe e t e Ho o d Barford . pr x is sam as g ’ ‘ un e H u n and e n s uo f S ee ue o ghto , m a s a p r a hill . f rth r d r

‘ ’ - H HT T he en e . O UG O N (p . s s is hill fort

’ — - m- B IM uu e in s e c L BURY . Call d Kelly Dir ctory Limb ry iscot ; n un d e li o Of . a he N W. n e e e e t t . ar Leagrav e . Th s plac s L to n i 1 4 5 who A e n L ri nt n n F A . J de mbe e e . c rtai oh y is m io d . , p ,

at . 1 u 5 5 the e is e J n de L ndberi We p Of sam call d oh y . th s

' e n n in ii w us t L db r an e l ar that Limb ry a ds for Old r form y, hich

ea un n - ee e n h A li n e n n e S e t e S . d is sily d rstood ; i c . m a s a li d tr ’ - h - - e e e . T e sen or lim tr se is lim e tree fort .

M ILLOWB RY — M l w il o o th E U . e t e . w Nam d from , N Of d orth ;

w s e M houD E el M lh ul h F A . . He e e e o R . mn o . C . . hich is p lt , ; , ; , r

ml l muln ar the l e m e e e A S . mn se e e , , all from . g , a mill ; M ILL RO O n s h u t e A hOh . e S II 0 e e . . S B K (p r pr s t , a p r Of a hill ; w ut n e e un h n e e t e e H E T u hich is f r h r xplai d d r h adi g O (p . h s ‘ ’ ‘ ’ M illo wur th - - - b e o n the o r f y is fort mill hill , mill hill ort .

6 . CLIFF .

LIFF e e ue in h f r il C t e en e o e o ee b l is h r s d s s d clivity st p . It

uin HO C LIFFE et we n th n e Of the H l e e e e occ rs K , h c am po occ v . S e Hocheleia in n B Be e e D. e p lt ( a Lati is d form) , . tt r sp lt E T H R H liv . . T o . N o c e . . H l F A . occ ce . . , , , ; g , h w ’ In t e I Ethelstan ZEthelin o ne the S ix n O f ill Of g, Of so s IE helred n o f E t . n n ﬁ w e 1 01 5 e I , , , , I ki g . gla d by his rst if dat d

e e en n o f n Ho c anclife we e oli e the th r is m tio la d at g ; h r f is e of li ff . en ﬁe wH ffe dativ c f , a cli This is id ti d ith ockli by T HE FFIX -COT E 9 S U .

‘ ’ in Di lo ma arium1 T he e n e H a e t 5 6 . o c s Thorp , his p , p . s s is g ’ h A n T h A H T e . as n e . oc a ff. w u S S c e . . cli . g pro o c d as gg g is h u n n e h o w e e i oc alli d to g, a g ; hich occ rs also as a prop r am ’ ’ Ho c es- tun i H s n n i ml n Ke b e s e . . . wt n e e . g , og to , o d I d x, vol vi

300 . p . T h A e S . ho no n I n n n . c t e n a a d its g, a hog, is giv y dictio ary, e en e was no wn n a t n u s e e n w e i xist c k o , til it discov r d by mys lf s mn e a e e en on wo t s w mn t e om fr g ts of a chart r, ritt s rip of parch t ’ lately found inside a book - cover in the library o f Queens

am e e C e P e n s Of the P C . ee e C . S . oll g , bridg roc di g amb hil S e M e 1 2 1 5 T e 90 . . oci ty , icha lmas rm , ; p

7 O T E or OT . C , C .

he Ol w r s Cote or Cot is t d ord for a cottage o mall d etached

ue us T he due the ue in An ho e . do bl form is to do bl form glo

t e an n o m at d tan d . S o n . ote cot . e e o ax , viz c , da iv , , ; or ls c , , from I . t uin is t lc no mote B co t e te auo tt he f m. C C t e . c occ rs , ald co , ,

‘ r Hul r o d T ho nc H ut co te an o te . Ea t s s cott , olc ,

’ O o r I T un — f r B T W. . o s BIS C T B S CO N . S , ; Of L to hort i hop s

a he e o f ms e We e s on t en e e B we e C . ot h v thi vid c Do day ook , h r T h un f Biss e O h a te n n i e t o es t . s ws e te t is sp l p co e so d of d o d by

an s ss by Norm scribe .

f — S e1 Ca l o T E o . de te n E O E . u AL C C D ; Northill p t c , fo d mt mn t R n s as s . u ut e e n s in e C al o oth r co i , a b , Nor ha p o shir , tla d A t n the S . e l e ese s . d n rw e . cea a and W ote a ickshir It r pr t da iv c , M n mn n ‘ o r t e the e calda n cote e the ra h r Old rcia , a i g at cold ’ in P - n a 2 C . . 8 B cot as e ne e e . ; xplai d my lac am s Of mbs , p y ’ t un n t was in e was e cold m a t ha it a bl ak sit atio or, possibly,

w ﬁr - e e un e was e e e e . that it a m r sh lt r, provid d ith a plac

O T T in we S e n ne M s n M et in AU LC e . C ; Lo r h lto , ar ar to or a n in he n ms u o M ut t . e T he e n e b . e n sam am , occ rri g ca Old rcia ’ ’ ‘ B t o f e Oa l . u co t te . . u S co e i . l ot . e. ca d c , cold p lt , I p m co rs it

n o h e may have been S horte ed fr m t e form abov .

— e t E t R B ne n n s o . T h S c te . e EAS T C OT T S C . ; ar ardi gto p l ,

eﬁ e ns east e S e est. pr x m a , form rly p lt - HI E 1 0 T HE PLAC E NAM ES O F BEDFO RDS R .

E — B n are in HOLC T o r HU LCOT ne S . e U , ; ar alford oth sp lli gs ’ T h l u l e e S u e H t b o e D e . K ly s ir ctory form r ho d olcot , as is

F A H l E T H l ote D E. u n n l H l ot . . n e . S e o o cote . . o ee m a i g p t c , ; , ; , h u T h n e e en t e A S . H e s e . la tan w o co last p lli g r pr s ts , hich occ rs ’ d r n o f l n A A D n e in in n Ea a s e . . 969 Ki g g gra t a d at spl y, ; pri t d

ar l riumax onic um5 1 T e en efe 7 . B C tua S . irch , , iii his vid tly r rs mS b C the f th f . e a otan . e O e e . to this v ry pl ce . is dat cas e wak

is the A h l o r e o t H l . . w c S o a e ote a . o a c , , a hol , hollo plac , ‘ he d h l T h cot in the e t a . w e e n e e o . clos ly alli d to j , hollo s s is w’ hollo .

’ T n — I n- ee T HO NCO E I . he R . t . ; Northill e. cot by thor tr

8 DEN EA . , D N

the A S - n den e . M n do . . u u uw e From , a vall y ch co f s d ith

‘ me n n u n uu s e the in od r am e s ; b t th ey ca s ally be e parat d by

n h u e e t . e . S e e n e e Old sp lli gs till , s paratio r q ir s gr at car

uin n n n t s en S t en W en e R e e S It occ rs D a , av sd , ag d , odd , ild ,

‘ e en o r e n Buin B t e en H owe n and e . t Yi ld Y ld a tl sd , arr d ,

n W e n h ufﬁ - and e ue t e s u e e n M b do a ld , ard , s x ho ld rath r ; th y

e e n un n e e ue e e ar tr at d accordi gly d r that h adi g. It is q it possibl

ufﬁ - n - t e den a d n e een ue in e do tha both s x s , , may hav b s d som

- wud n - n n e s den e e e the e se and don i sta c ; o l th r f r to vall y it lf, h ve to t e hill abo it .

— A i unti es h EA n n e n n mt A S . D N commo am ma y co ; fro e . u e n v D D B T de e S e en . . N . den . e . e . , dat cas , a all y p lt , , ,

R . . e n in H n e en e A n S . oe de e Deen C . e . t , D a , a ts , is r pr s t d by , is th e E n 48 d ne e . see e e . 7 we e o C . h r dat cas ; arl , La d hart rs , p

— R A E S E . e a th as e R amn e w esde V N D N K lly r m rks at it form rly ,

s e n e no t un t me no ff en Bu e e to th e a p lli g I hav fo d . it ak s di r c e uth A h nse e e . e h se S . ro n n was e e roemn o r , b ca s f , a rav , also sp lt ‘ ’ ’ T he sen e R n v a . n ws rcem e e R e e n h s is av s vall y . a a p rso al we h n n e t e e e e am , as ll as am Of a bird . It is r markabl that ’ ’ s in Hun n e s e no uR R t e n R s b t en am y, t , do s m a am s i la d av s ’ island .

As to th e n s we fi n H i n R R e R aven sde . . aven s Old sp lli g , d , g F A n . . ut de e b R aven sd n ET R a nsdon e o re . . , ; also , . , I p . m T HE SUFFI - DEN 1 1 X .

— m DE E nl n e u e T e S AGS N . vid t y so am d by pop lar ty ology ; n w w n e ve . e s a w t as if from g , ith hich it has othi g hat r to do K lly ” d T h e e s e S tachedene an S ta isdene. e ays, form rly gg latt r I hav

un i an n ut n w s n not fo d ; t c o ly be q i e a late a d orthless pelli g. T h n B F A h a h d n D. . ta ch n . e are : S ta c de e S t c e e e S ede e . forms , , ; , , H R v l H R A h h s h n . . ta d F A a i . . o S tac ede S c es en . . S t c . . e , ii ; , lso , ; w ﬁnd n n H R vo l In . . e of dene . . . e e , ii . I p m also m tio a plac nd f ta h ll n e a O S c ewe . am d S ta che a e

be no t A b t the en i h s S . u S tach s S ta c e e . e . or app ars to , rath r g

‘ n a h w h r r a e S t c e e be s o t fo c s Of a Norma form , hich I tak to

E mn o r n en uh h e e u nt o f h sta e t e e t e c , Nor a North r Fr ch q ival

n a i the e R we ﬁnd M is r e Eu . n a sta e S C te Fr ch c imil rly, los olls , g

t i Euhiuand as n is S ach us s a s ta c e e t S e , short for c ; , a prop r am ,

o r E w e l n s f n A u w as e o the a . sta e e short c , hich form r y acc t d

B s E Eu n in e O f D. . e e a matt r fact , r cord that arl , stac had la d

en h h n n me S S O t t e e e e ee e tagsd , hat plac may asily av b a d aft r

as h w f n uen te e as e s n o e e e . him , a p r o gr at co s q c at that da

T he an o n e en n e to his e who is l d had rigi ally b gra t d fath r, n wn to s as unt E st e f u B un C . O e s k o hi tory o ac II , o log . Thi

Eus e 1 1 no e n n the e E w e s e s a tac . marri d l s a p r o tha sist r of d rd the n no mu C e and ue e o ut o f ssor, had ca s d s all tro bl by his

e u n u e is un e in the An rag o s co d ct at Dov r, as d ly arrat d glo

n n un he 1 48 He was wun e in he t S C e e t e 0 . axo hro icl , d r y ar o d d w W t n and a w s w n e Of H s s e e battl a i gs, r ard d by illiam ith gra t

nt S ee the e th Of land in nO l e ss than ten couies . Dig st of e ’ f B 1 88 1 i 30 . s mO e A . e e W. Do sday dfordshir , by iry, ; p It a “ ” the t M r A s ure e . e en pity tha iry ho ld f r, at p viii , to vid t “ e n m A o sta and den v the two S . w s a t d ri atio fro . rds g u for g n n i o n . w e . e t a A but n th S e is . ord at all , Nors It occurs o c , w nu to e e ne b t no t e C we e b La s Of t, h r it has xplai d did r ally ﬁ w u nd its wa n n i n te . y i to E glish t ll lo g af r ards I do bt if it can be found earlier than the ﬁftee nth century

T D E — T h n S e S todene S tod S O . n e ue . e a den D N am of h dr d p lt , , D E tu s d n HR A S s tOd e . T h . S o t de . . . e . ; , . From , a s d Of hors

‘ ’ e n e s u- e s s is t d vall y .

WIL E — e E T l S i l ne D B d n . . de . e . W We d n . e e e D N p lt , ; n , ; , F A W . e e e to e n m . e wt e e the hav h r do i h a d scriptiv a , as 1 2 T HE PLACE- AM ES O F E FOR S HIRE N B D D .

u In h n as e t e e e c e il be f r . w o the forms s gg st pr s t , may short A i in w h ﬁn d i t e as e . n w l an S . n g ( hich wal g har ly h ard) , occasio al o f w wli e e ww un f h i e o r t e e n form g, a illo tr , hich ill acco t sp ll g A w l i l . w We e wll in n n e illo is stil call d a y ma y provi cial

We ll ur e . e e e en e i b H H dial cts hav cl ar vid c that W y ill ( erts . )

he e ue n in P - n f w e is from t sam so rc ; as sho my lac am e s O

H 1 T h n e S n . u 7 e W e e e e e . . s rts , p h dr d of ill y is imilarly am d ;

h - EY se e wun e t e ufﬁ L . s u uW e n it di c s d b lo , d r s x (p Th s ild ’ - m eans willowvalley.

IEL E r EL E — T he e n are u v o u z i . Y D N, Y D N . old sp lli gs c rio s , D B l ld n E T i n R . u lde . G e e . . Giveldene . . G re C elden , , ; g , ; v , A T h e i as un A S e e Y l n . w eve de e E . . and , e 9 (b for ) so d d as g ; n f ﬁ u A. he e e be e e to a S i l i t . n w G e all pr x s may r d c d orm f , hich

n was un T A S . l the i tervocalic f so de d as r. his . Gife is a river e the e the e n I v l e e n n e . e and am , sam as mod r wTh r is a oth r w uB e a e e w e nd e larg r Iv l , hich ﬂo s thro gh iggl s ad , a third Iv l

me I l n e e s w ws u ve h st r i S c e e o r e e o rs t hir , hich ﬂo thro gh Ilch st r .

i uto b s t th n s e ue e e s e in A d e S e e it m ch sp c d that riv r I l , om rs t w ﬁ w i e n e n n e the shir , hich o s past Ilm st r, is o ly a oth r form of n ee it u S e ss n O e e . u u e e RT HILL sam am f rth r disc d d r N (p .

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H 9 . IS D .

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- n And ﬁn en w n e are e . th in both Of hich cha g s v ry commo ally - D HIRE 1 4 T HE PLACE N AM ES O F R E FO RDS .

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a th n suﬁ was - n u e s e do F. A. H R , . . It th s app r that origi al f x ,

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u n in l r h and E t has a Edd e sbo ou e e n ee e occ rs agai g ls r , as b lr ady e n un BO H e e is n e H n n xplai ed der RO UG ( p. Th r a oth r arli gto

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he h e s u H rewulf e wwu e rat r av aid s ch as , hich o ld hav un e the l n e acco t d for at o c .

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ue sen e in th ufﬁ H n e w e e in h do bl s s x . arro d is mark d t e Ordna nce M ap as b eing in a valley ; but it must have tak en its ’ n e the e me as n e H and si n a am from hill abov , rk d Ti k r s ill, ri g

the e t 1 3 5 e e e the se a the to h igh Of f t abov . For Old spellings le s ws i s s II r h n r He n i . e t e eto e e tone n D c arly ho thi It p l g , g R ;

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r wn and John d Har f A R B Ha do e uedon . R . e e T h ; , e, . C. e

nt h A h r B mh r s t e S . D h . . e e e e e . ea e . hearh for g r pr s g , dat Of , a

e t en e e s e s wn in B . C . S n , . . h a h t mpl _ Thi is cl arly ho irch art axo i lit H we h r . w 530 e oet ea e e e to e n te , h r g ( at arro ) is mploy d d o ’ ’ H - - - n M e e T h - - won H i . n th e e e e e do wn arro e ill , iddl s x s s is t mpl .

1 T HE P A E- AM E O F E FO R S HIRE 6 L C N S B D D .

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n B nd h re r R ok R k h in A M e . a c a e esa c o es oc . . oc , , , xplai it oth p

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t n n t e hi lin don is s e S n n in S S t . hi li gto , or ra h r g It p lt hitli gto ’ Pigot s Atlas ( 1 83 1 ) and in M agna Britannia S till

the sufﬁ - T h e n e e don . e are S ethlindone arli r, x is Old sp lli gs D B i lin d n tlin n h lind n . . u u S et o e S c t e S c do tlin un ed e (for ) , ; g , g , c g , ’ R h l a In h lin ed ne . u S t n d n t . S c it u C . o C e l g , ; g g , Thorp s Dip oma

m a r 3 83 e ta iu . e th e m e , p , a l t copy Of a chart r has fals for uth tn ukl n d n b t e e e in f o tl un o r S c ed e tlin a i g m, mfoo ot giv s c g ( c g u tt n e e M be n e h h da e S . t e e in ) , fro a ch b r It may ot d t at h DB and the i and uin the t e . e e form, oth r forms, all alik

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n n w- — D e He w s n n S T O O . S e S ta done N N , ar lo rail ay tatio p lt ,

n ' H n e R . . un S to do S a ndone R . a ndo . R . u B R . C C t C S t . D. . , ; , ; , , , ’ m - t d n K l n . . . m w All A S S t di on e b e i . e. e n E T . fro K ) , s o do

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n the s u. un in i e u s n n unnan es s u , plac Of al w compositio , s gg ts unn th un a n he e S e e S s e w that t godd ss ( ) o c orshipped here in n heath e tim e s . H - - T HE S FFI ES EY FI ELD. 1 : U X ,

— D WAR DE LD A E e Wa rd on E F A. O W RD N S e . . . N, or p lt , , ; E mh n H R E T r R R . t e A . S Wardo . . a un . . . W d e C , , . . ; , , Fro ’ - - - u rd d ar o ut se w n i . . wea i tn . w e , lit d do , a look hill , a hill d for wn h f t e O s n e s atchi g approach tra g r .

1 1 EY . .

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we e no t ea n s but we suun n thamt r r l i la ds , had at r partly rro di g e E m u . e are een in A e e S n and e th xa pl s s rl s y, a dy T rv y .

’ ARLES EY — A Ar l a in s A . s s e s e s but l o p lt y ( Philip tlas) , n e A B A l i . S h e t A lricesei lri cesei e D. . r c ese i corr ctly p l , , ; y,

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n i t e - e ur e e n th ond h A lri hes s h e re senta i gl cti g e sec . y c r g lar p t A t n S . rE c a e zE h lr s a d th . elri es t e i ce e sense is of g , a l form of ;

‘ ’ ’ ‘ rEthelri c s n T he n e rEthelrtc a s e t zE elri c isla d . am ( l o sp l g ,

Ailri s mt n s x t e a i mmn e e s c) e xtre ely co mo ; or ha i y x mpl Of it are n wn k o .

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— w ur i E u v T R E uD. . t T r i T r e . u S e o e o e TU V Y p l L , ( ith for ) ; f

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C . A II . S . Octa vo S eri es. N o . X L . 2 - E F D HIRE 1 8 T HE PLAC E NAM ES O F B D O R S .

the A e e e 969 n e in B C . S n . spl y Chart r, dat d , pri t d irch , art axo

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Frox a - elda e in e Of 965 — 975 in e D f , dativ , a chart r , Thorp , iplo ‘ ’ T h n m- ﬁ f f 52 . e o . Fr a l . e O t a . 7 o a e d ma ari m , p is f , lit ld rogs ; n f wf A . r x e . uO r . S o a o from . f , g pl ral f , a rog

W — S e ine l I FIEL h O f e . W e d W t e S . C e NG D ; to halgrav p lt f ,

n l A M en su ue fo r R B. i . o n e n . W e e d . s ; f , ; that g has b bstit t d ,

h i ﬁ F r n ld i . . and t e ue n e s W n e o A. S . ina e . W e tr am i ld f , ’ ’ n ﬁ Wi a s e ld .

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F — l D B S T OT O L . S e t t . . A S o a t S to old F. . S tote old D p lt f , ; tf , ; f ,

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- T h IOr r B sw e . m e e e e en e th u e e ( o orth Toll r) l m t is , rath r, q i

en o f the M e En stot e n n 1 e 2 a val t iddl glish , m a i g ( ) a hors , ( ) ’ r m bullock ; see S t at ann s Dictionary and the English Dial ect n T he s t a t u i h . ott not n t e A Dictio ary form ( ho gh . S . Dict . ) ‘ ’ - l i - uin s t an wil e . w t . e e B to C . n S . . occ rs , stot ll ; irch , art axo iii in e e 57 m e n th 1 84 ; a chart r dat d 9 . W ay e xplai e nam e as ‘ ’ m eaning stot -fold ; and understand stot to m ean e ither a n u e or u . . f to t sd C S n . te o . S yo g hors a b llock , co alop - FO D 1 T HE S UFFIX R . 9

1 4 OR . . F D

e n in B o d Be Girtfo rd n o S It oc arf r , dford , , La gf rd , alford S eff S t n e . h ord , a ford , T mpsford

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Beeran- ord as in B t n 01 T he S . . 3 . n C . e e f , irch , ar axo ii s s is ’ ’ Baera s ford .

BEDFO RD — B e E H . D . R T N . T S e ed ord . . . h A e S . p lt f , , , .

m- B n dan r A. . P e M A D 1 S . . 8 e o d S C . 9 but w for is f , hro ( ark r ) , ; e

s ﬁnd the md n - in h A D a r e 5 Be c o d t e . 7 1 . and al o for s f , sam ,

Biedcan- rd un e h t t in t e e e M o S S . C n f , also d r la t r da , otto , ’ A vi . d B i n i n La . . an a d the nd M . see . . . S Tib Tib , Thorpe s e n 3 2 T h B n- r i . da o da n h . e . e u e t e ditio , p dat cas f occ rs C n e e e hro icl s v ral time s .

is us u mi - r w n e the Bed can o d ot It al to cit for f , hich it is ’ e ﬁn 0 s n in P e s e t n f asy to d . N uch form is give lumm r di io O ’ the A S n o i B . . C e n r E e un ws hro icl , by arl . It occ rs os orth n h 57 1 in the C n e . w e e e e t e e Dict , ith a r f r c to y ar hro icl ’ n n - no t uthe e in e But n r e ( I gram s ditio ) . Bedica f o d do s occ r r th B dan - orda in e M e s ﬁnd n the . e S S . e ve we th ms l ; o ly dat f

- one M S and Bi d n r in th e e t e s as s e . . e ca o da , f r o h r , aid abov an m w sun e t d is uf o m O t o uu this d bi s for , holly mi d rs ood , mn n un n n a s t o ne s e n a e w i s e pro o c d ith a lo g i t ad Of hor , o ig or t mt on t a n me he e person c s ructed i possible tymology fro v rb

‘ ’ - - w be di ci an be e o r e t a e S O t a e are , to dik prot c by dik ; h t ’ gravely info rmed (as in Kelly s Dire c tory) that Bedfo rd means

‘ ’ s uas t is the e va th A o s a e prote cted ford . lm t abs rd his d ri ’ viz t A S . t o na . n i w . n ute e n B tio q o d from Camd os or h s Dic i ry ,

‘ s uml cto s e t dive rsoria b d n i dumlecti rd e e a . e. be o , , , f , vad ; ad ’ n s th ude . v ub e umn n t e e are two s . He e vad o a s r h r Ob io s l r , viz umand ne t the as bed S . b d e n the A . um ed missp lli g of ; umx , me n leotis vad us n h h o u e e t t t e w ridic lo stat m t a rd a s , a ford s we e ne e wt mn ﬁ nt be s t e s a e i h b d . It y co d ly aid hat ford r v r

u ve o r es e it. e e e in the th s provid d , ith r ri r b id u Bedan is The re is absolut ely no myste ry at all abo t it ; ’ ’ the e u n t O the e nse Be r . e e Beda S r g lar g i iv Of , that s is da s fo d h uu S ee n n n uBoeda t e B i th e e i g that eda ( e ighth c t ry, ) is s al

2— 2 H A - AM ES O F E FOR S HIRE 20 T E PL CE N B D D .

Old English sp elling Of the famous author more commonly

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e t o winesheads o ne n n Lines w i S e hav , b i g . 28 T HE PLACE- AM ES O F E FOR S HIRE N B D D .

S I ES HEA — e in Hun S e in h . w s S es et D B W N D Form rly t p lt ef , . . ;

‘ ’ win ‘ S esh v d R A . m e e the wi n S s es hea C . . w od . ne , ; fro . f , lit s i s h ’ P e . n u e n e Of e n u e ad rhaps a fa cif l am som at ral Obj ct .

2 1 HE T H . A .

HEAT H us th o f zz e B ne e . e n u occ r alo it li s to N L ighto ard .

N O e n n n d xpla atio is eed e .

2 2 HILL . .

Hi un ll l i A t Puddl hi Pul x C e e o ll occ rs mp hill , lophill , Od ll , ,

r x hill F r l wn o u thil nd e he W o . or u a S s e e e t hill , N o thill b lo , d r heading ILL (p

M PT HILL — e Amll D E A h E T Am l S et e . l . . et A . mu e . et e p lt , ; , ; A Amhull A l A M l H R i . A h l . h l . . ull . . e mu mu e t t e t , F ; , , ; , Au A D T h A h ll and n hull . . . . e . t . . S . , I p m ( y , both masc

’ feme n n uen hull in M e En . e e , m a i g a hill , is fr q tly iddl glish ,

nd s n h ll th e e n ar e u a O e e occa io ally e e ; S that abov sp lli gs r g lar .

‘ T h ﬁ is t h A n ant so e S . te a e e the e e . m ete pr x , mm t or ; that

‘ ’ i n - a r n o mwhat u t e a s e e n sense s a . hill ; ppa tly . joc lar app llatio

As th e n muin the e e e n O f e a t for sp lli g p , it occ rs arli r v rsio ’ W B P o X X the at i n ha 2 5 e e s a . e . X m t yclif s ibl , r v . ; l r v rs o

HI L — S e l l E l F A LO P L . C ClO h l ET o l D. . u C e e e . . . p lt p , ; p , , . ;

T h o n n A l T . S l C hull N . . . e es m o . . . o p , , I p m c rr po di g for is c p h un 2 k l s e t e n e l unde LAPHAM l e o C . 5 y ; ot po c p r ; at p . ‘ ’ T he n e un e t n e it n u- e e S s s is c r ai ; p rhaps m a s t bby hill .

LL — e B dh ll E S Wa h ll ll D . a u . e W e od d e e Wade e . W OD p lt , , ; , l R l l F A B dh l ah l e . . R . . hul H vo . l u e . . Wo u W , , . ii ; , , , m n n n e K elly re arks that Od ell Cas tle is o n a e mi e c ; also that

u T he e e en Odell is corr pte d from Woodhill . latt r stat m t is

‘ ’ ' - not u u ss e fo r ﬁ e n e s are e do bly impo ibl rstly , plac am corr pt d , u t n ne ws and but e e in e w grad ally al r d accorda c ith pho tic la ;

no o n n e who do no t n e e e e wa s e ode. co dly, v r call d a ood Thos ’ n he w t soud call it ood .

T he e n a d s w the ﬁ e e en sp lli gs W Wod ho that rst l m t is ' ‘ ’ ‘ ’ ad n n he - l . w d t en e A. e w an w the S , m a i g oad ; s s is oad hi l . ns wh e 0 an uan o d e the un w e d d T he Norma , islik d so d Of b for , T H FFI - HOE E S U X . 29

ne e e the ni a h n e a w ua e sadly gl ct d i ti l , origi at d form hich r g l rly ’ ’ l i s a e e e ad il e s n u . o w b cam , from hich Od ll hardly disti g i h bl

e is no ﬁ Th re dif culty .

PUDDLEHILL or CHALK HILL in H uh n Re o n , ; o g to gis ; ” h f ls T h t e i se O suun e e . e r a hill , rro d d by chalk hil ; K lly ﬁ i h e s t a E ud l . e n d e pr x ordi ry . p

— D B Pull k h l F A l . P LLO HILL t l h s le . . o s u P oc s e e e . . S e o e U X p l , ; , , E T l l hill A M P ll h l T N P ll k sh l Po lokes e . . u u uuu okes l . e e . ; , . , ,

h s ue t h O f T e n e n n en uas s s t e e e mod r sp lli g is i g io , it gg s id a a

t l n S h w we an OX to ubuthe e hill h re has p ll ; Old sp li gs o that ’ n n m P h Pull k e ul kes is t e en e o . lo g itiv of , a ma s a n T h can be e e . e T he spelling in DB . xplai d form er o is

we due to the fact that Norman scribes usually rot 0 to den ote

in ul in ul e s ue he o n h s t de o t e sound of uf l or p l. Th y al o s d c t e

st the rib a u A d sc e s e h u Ic . n u t e n es h ele so d Of la ly, s bstit t d for f M i n E. h l r l he mO d. u elle o hel e t l e and he , Nor a form , a hill ; h k n w P ll o t has ne e s ue t e . u e s o e e n w dl s ly do bl d is oth r is k o n wh ut e e t e A n . e a n b it is Of a lik charact r ith S . p rso l am e P nd wh m l u a t e n E. t oc e Pol k t also ith od r oc . It is probably nue Bu e a dimi tiv , lik llock .

WRO X HILL in the a s M a st n M or n ; p ri h Of r o tey e ( Kelly) .

M In F. A ﬁn x ll F . w A A . e th n e r hue . d S e W o . e p lt , , am of ’ J n de Wrockesha le nswe n ro h l i n K e mble s W cces ea oh , a ri g to n i he n . h and e . r s m I d x W occes t ge Of t e pe rsonal na e Wroc ‘ ’ ’ the sense is Wro c s l hi l . ’ ’ T he r l i Wro c s n W W occeshea . e. e n form , ook , xplai s roxall

h f I a d in e s e O W . e e s in W w. an r t I l ight Th r a Wrox ham in

and a W n in x o s mr e W o c . Norfolk , roxto O f rd hir ; all fro

2 HOE 3 . .

T he ufﬁ h e n hoe o e e en s th s x or is rath r commo . It r pr s t e ’ u it e an no t A S hdh l e d to n . be . u e . , a sp r Of a hill , h l ; is co f s d wthe h is S n n n n e n ww o ith North r , hich Of ca di avia origi , from

h ur e a e t . Ic l . g , a h igh

ui ainho e e so e M illo wP It n B s e utno e C e occ rs l t o , , K y , , ,

S al ho S e en e S har enho e S e S ta lo e and T o ternho e p , g ho , p , ilso , p , . A s in B un . l o , d a (p 3 0 - F E F R S HIRE T HE PLAC E NAM ES O B D O D .

— h u BLET S O E to the N o f M n E ne t S e Blaches o , . ilto r s p lt ,

Ble heshou T N E T F A Bl tesho . . D E h h . . e c Bl es o . . . . . ec , . ; , , , ; , I p m vol D In A F A. A . at . . . . . h . C Bletnes o . ii lso , ( , I p m D E t n uthe h in h e n e . . c e e e e an It S O t e el e b for m s , tha , v th c t ry , h n was h T e e u n A . s e e S . form Blakesho o r Blekes o . q ival t p lli g is

- l But B w Blaece h n Of B eec . lceces hdh e e s t e e . probably , h r is g w f e e the was n o r S t to the at h th r lo g hor , it is hard say ; orms n n u e n h e n E bla ck a d bleak e corr spondi g to t e mod r . i volv m ch ‘ diﬁic ﬁl i n uv in th N e wEn s t s e o t e e e y, as poi t d ry cl arly gli h

n in B us he e n S t the e e e t Dictio ary . ill l tso favo r d rivatio from

' ’ bloé e a o r In l n e e Blekso c e . e e the e , bl k pal at r tim s am b cam , and t n Bl s t i un f for k T he e t o or Bl s he u O e et oe s t . h , by bst t tio T h i n occasional form Bletnesho I do not und erstand . e or gi al

‘ ’ ’ e n e e n Bl - uwe e BlaTac s s app ars to have bee aéc s hill sp r ; h r is a ’ n e n ea n n e o ne am origi ally m i g pal .

B A in o rthill — S B e t nh . u denho Bode o UDN , N hort for ; sp l ,

’ ' ’ F A - l- e A S B n hO B s s o r s . . . u u da h i . e . . u For , . da hil p r lop

M n B nn has Budnah w e a n nho -h oe e Bud o e ag a rita ia , hich r lly m a s , and e ea t e ufﬁ Bu n n . wn e r p ts h s x da is a k o am .

AIN HOE — T he n f inho wa n i C . O Ca e s e C n the ma or ar lophill,

un o f e D E e to be the n n h dr d Flitt . . It app ars moder Cai

H in W e t P e e ainho e u C ue the ill, r s ark th r is a Farm j st o tsid

n h n S e Cai n h in o e t . u C t C a h uD B. h o e o . a n o park , or h p lt , , ; y , F min n A H. R I A . e e . . S . b e . . . . e en e , , p This, sp lli g, might r pr s t d

‘ ’ ’ - é a s . ae a I s n i . a u C ot e. C e ws e by u , g hill sp r g oth r i wn b wu th e n t be e w n n e s to th k o , o ld ak form corr po di g e

' n C w e e in e so oé e e o w e . stro g form g, hich is pr s rv d K y (b l )

E S O E — S e C iss Chaiso D B . w a ot t . . nee es K Y p lt , , , ith a dl s

ﬁna Be e K a h T N . C T t s o . . E F a sho . A l tt r y , , y , . , . .

“ un in A in the h in d S . Ca s o e . e e e 793 Fo d form g , a chart r at d ,

‘ but n an n assi b o t o ne e e e e o ur C o origi al . It th r r f rs to y r

a hio bur in H u n o e ffe en b t e e f r C s e . o y rts , this mak s r al di r c ;

r e - u A shio u e e n e e e e Ca b y is m r ly a oth r form Of K yso b ry . b tt r

— ' ' l e n w e - C th A h s u oc e . S . t p lli g o ld b Coéges hoh. g is form Of e ’ E k T h n s h - n e n e . e e e e K e mod r . y s s is K y ill spur taki g y as na n being a perso l am e .

1 L — ill il ur LO W M o wn M lo b d o h M . a w mlie t t e S . o y Far f

2 T HE PLA E- AM ES O F E FO RDS HIRE 3 C N B D .

3 ’ - u K emble s n e S cear an - ces and ear n S c e hill sp r . I d x has p n p nt the e n m h n t bd mOf w e . S cear a e , both hich co ai sam a p is w ad and a S e in e r i . . u s o f scea , e ; e ak form p , j sharp h rpwis still e e e e e u e n n e W e as a prope r am . may th r for q ally ll xplai it

‘ ’ ’ - as S harpe s hill spur .

P k — ILS O E nea W e S e wil ss uD E. S S e e o ; r r st ar p lt , . ; also uD B i h l s o R . . i l h en u . . v u S uuless o S e e C S e es o (appar tly) , ; , ; , l l l wn h F. A hiv sh T N T h S e e o . . e i ce sho S eve esho S o e es o . S e , , , ; , _

Pe i m in D is n s n . t u B be for S uuulessou( . ) i di ti ct rhaps sho ld

and is n e A as iwil s T h u S e sou e uil sso . S i ue , it pri t d by iry forms,

uen h e e e n S f e t e e u n as O e is r q tly cas , hav b m ch co tract d ;

ma uto se in B m w D a and e e , if y tr st tho , it is ost lik ly th t iwi l the t e n the t u e we r wil S fo S e or ( la t r givi g r vo l) is short th A S . i l l e te e . S wu e wu e n S i f, its lf a la r form Of g f , a v ry commo

ve me n wn we e n n w e wu name Of hich ha or tha t ty i sta c s . I o ld ’ ’ n as S e ne i ewu e S lf s ho explai S ilso hort d from g e .

h O f — W. S t e S T APLOE t e . S e S ta leho in M n , to N ots p lt p ag a R T h lh . . e A n S ta e o C . s a l n B n S . t o e o r rita ia ; p , p m a s a post mn e u e n n s u n u e u pillar, ch as st o c hav stood po a ighbo ri g ‘ ’ h s n is - hill ur e T e e e . slop . s pillar sp

E E — T T ERN HO or T O T RNHO . S e T t n h u E. T O o e e o D. To , p lt , ;

F A T o rh E T T he r s m HR . . . te o . ee s t a ternho . o e een , , , h v b

n ue in the un ente s l e T he D ne e e s . . E dl sly i trod c d acc d y labl .

n e h e e e as wto t e A . To i ma b S . tan n form y mor corr ct , it a s rs

i n 5 5 — n B S . . 7 u . e T n mb C ote b r Tota nc e , irch , art axo ii compar g n in h s m1 T n 5 . ot th e t e e . 9 e a e en . ( a lat sp lli g) a , iii is g Of ‘ ’ ’ O me n wn n e S t n T o a s ho t t e o r To a, a k o am , tha it ay m a ,

‘ ’ ’ - u e t e n T o ta s . tdta o r hill sp r It is probabl tha m a t a spy ,

- man and T o tern ho e e a out ws look ; that , lik Tothill , a look

u T he ho e e " n 500 e e e the e s o t hill . ris s to mor tha f t abov ea

' ‘ ’

T n A. l h S . O n en . t Pe ote e t te a . e e e e . l v l . rhaps , g p , Of spi s

2 O LT 4 H . .

an n ere n no we ue l ww e Ho t e is i t sti g ord , hich is littl s d xc pt

- n e t u ui e nn s n n e n a d Bu n w i e plac am s , ho gh it occ rs T y o l r h N e wEn n n e th n se t e . . e e e e A . S Lytto g Dictio ary It r pr s ts . s wa se mn at n . ur holt in , a mall ood , cop , a s all pla t io It occ s

Eversholt . - - T HE S FFI ES H R S T ILL. 33 U X U ,

E ERS HOLT n e W un P k — S e Eur sh D E e ot . . V ; ar ob r ar p lt , ; Eversol H R E h T E T h t . . r l ve es o t N . T . . e , ; , . . , , I . p m . last form

‘ ’ ’ is the e t s e Fo r A E . l Eo f h l S . r s t . o o e ho t i . e. or s O b s p lt f , .

As e e ne at 2 Eo fo r was e s na n e w alr ady xplai d p . , a p r o l am , ith ’ the e en e a lit ral s s Of bo r .

2 5 H RS T . U .

Hur st e s s h h rst a e e en t e A. S . e e r pr t y , thick t or cops , a plac e wn w s i B uw un n ust n a d n ov rgro ith br sh ood . It occ r ol h r Grave ut h rs .

BO L H RS T — e t B l h s r Bulehes r D E B lehur S o e e t e t e . . o st N U . p l , , ; , T F N . A . E T B . . ln h rs B l h rs at B lnh . u u t o le te o rs . o e t C e . A , , ; , , ; , F .

Boln e e ents he A S B n n O f B la B l n f t . u u la e . o an e . O r pr s . , g , or , g

Bola B la Bola are a n s an . u d e , probably v ria t form ; p rhaps

e a e to a u b li T he E l s e . u m b l e ee e O f o . . b r l t d Ic l , b ll it lf s s to

‘ ’ ’ ‘ ’ ’ e n T h s n e i s B u o r B e e st s Nors origi . s ula s h r ola hurst ;

‘ ’ ’ s n o mn E B ut n e ue t e u B . u pos ibly q ival t a od r ll s h rs , taki g ll n m e n e as a p rso al a .

— D B u b t r RA E T M s e Craunhest . . ar n HUR S e G e G V N . is p lt , ; H r nhurs . . . B R ave te e e C . G hur R R r nhi st . st . . C . a re r . G , , ; , ; , I p m r t un e n n wn i s e i r ven s A wa n G a e e e . S . r r mbl s g f , k o from occ rr c

- n e un e the d t the Land M S the An S a n C e . Of glo xo hro icl , d r a n w n 852 Bu ws u a e be roé a t . this ord ho ld r th r g f ( ith lo g d N a w e s e . e v n te reven s ee C C gi i g a la r form G ; ra ford hart r , pi r , it w en e i me n mt e 1 2 a . 6 6 We pp , . y ra h r co par ith Grav y

- E. e s . wee 0 . en s e ua a in 8 1 1 S . Gra o e K t, p lt f ( t, T xt , p lit ‘ ’ - w e ues C ra on s Grafoustream . G f gg ts hich is Of ltic rave e n u e . en . B e r na f. C . o origi . r t g , grav l ; O Fr ch g , grav l

ILL 2 6 . . u w ufﬁ us n in N t and S This s x occ r o ly or hill o thill, hich , as t and S ut 111 ° the S u e be e Old forms prov , ho ld rath r Nor h Ill mo h l I ll u whil . e wthe for they have no connexion ith ord st hav ut w a te e n S b n mf r the s e ee the n e o Old a tr am hich , f r l avi g o hill

f w Ickwell and to n the e at s Park , lo s pa t Northill joimIv l w e e n Girtford And the S e n S e . as Old p lli gs ho , Ill is r ly a oth r

mf T he ns the ve e o e the ne for O Ive l itself. Ill joi I l b f r combi d 3 LII . C . A . S . Octavo S eri es . N o . X T HE PLACE- AM ES O F E FOR S HIRE 34 N B D D .

u e en e e e e e stream joins the O se . It is v mor r markabl that th r

w n e e in Be d e n e na e the e as et y a oth r str am dfor shir o c m d Iv l , e n o r e n w can nl wh ve its n e e e ich ga am to Yi ld Y ld ; hich o y 1 2 And e e is et n e e in e . m ean Ivelden ; se p . th r y a oth r Iv l

w ws e e e e Ivelchester S e se . om r ts hich ﬂo by Ilch st r, form rly call d w; r l u S e e w e 1 11 o I e and anoth r , abs rdly p lt Isl , hich ﬂo s by

d he e w e one e T he e an t e e e Ilminste r . Isl Iv l lik is b com str am ,

near ;Langport .

— r iue i rt ible N t e N r h ul N o ILL S e o o t e ORT H . N p lt g ( rror for g ) , g ,

r h ul E T r h N orth B N t i e e . N t v l F. A. D . o . o e e e uele . N ort i g , ; g , ; y , ; N u N r l T . . i ll N orth e ell o t le g ve g gy , s e is e ul h r A M e e Ye e c est e . . Observ that Ilch t r sp lt , w n e it None of th e s e spellings ill be understood ul ss is

he n e en use e resen rem e mb ere d that t Norma scrib s Oft d g to r p t

h w n un E n o r an i . w as e e . e e a e A . S the . g, ich pro o c d lik y b for v n ' l l and ill uthe e s e n e e es e ive ere . T h s abo p lli gs r ally r pr t y , y , y Anothe r point is that M iddle English droppe d the sound Of h n i i h A i M d . e e e e a t e . S i an a . u n . cc i iti l y altog t r b for Th s g ,

is the e n En h S i s i ch n it h t e A . w E ic e . G e c . y , mod r glish c ; p is

and th A . i M id En i s n n I wi h e . e s S o w the . . mod r p c ; g f; g yif, Ea En i the . Y v l e mh e n S e i . S e e t e p lt f imilarly, rly g b ca mod r h En Yill e e th l n I v l and t e E . e I l T e e ca be e ; arly g b cam , h r h t t e e u As P . n E e o t the A o . u u . S . no do bt as r s lt rof arl poi ts , ’ Gifle in IElfre d s Will does no t m e an Gidley ( as Ke mble but the ve V e in e se e S e T h W n ue . e g ss d) , I l all y om r tshir ill o ly

i e but the e n o n f n e is correét e xists a lat copy, sp lli g that am . n mn w i l i th e e o . w Gi e G e e as ﬂ is a dativ cas , from a f , hich g a ' w' n ‘ the as v a d the i was s T he en n . e e n y, f a , hort s s is orth r ’ n the place upo Iv el .

HILL — S e ud i l i D B T . u O S e ud bl h e S e . u S o t e el S . r e U p lt g , g , ; y ,

h E T . ul T N T h u a le . t F A S o t Gi e S e . e e n . . . e ; , ; gy , sp lli gs hav

‘ e ne e e n s ue n e been xplai d abov . It m a s o th r plac upon the ’ IveL

2 7 . ING .

’ I n wn a l n we s s ufﬁx h t e e n n o f w g is ll k o a triba , m a i g hich wbe ne s ill e xplai d pre ently (p . It occurs in Knotting a nd HE S FFI -IN G T U X . 35 1 3 0 1 0 5 8 M in H n - to n n - o n n F n e . A s S t e arsto illi g l o arli g , hilli g , form rly

H n - don S l n - d n ne un e -D o e ON in S e n arli g , hi li g , xplai d d r ; t ppi g

le e ne un e - LEY in B n - to n C n - to n n y, xplai d d r illi g , ardi g , Goldi g

to n Lidlin - to n un — to n n - to n e ne un e , g , P ddi g , Toddi g , xplai d d r

- IN GT O N and i n n - wt e a ne n - RT W e ue O H. r stli g or h , xpl i d d r W Bu t a so m n u s t s a ea e s in mn e e s e e it l o im pp r rro o ly od r forms , as in a n n n E C to n . C e n t n S te v ddi (g) (p h lli (g)to , ggi (g) o , i n to n n n mn W W n t 5 . 9 (g) , illi (g)to , y i (g) o ( pp ,

OT T I — h - n as a n m T e A . . i n . w S e n KN NG g a p tro y ic , m a i g ‘ ’ S o n i x a e . m Of Th e re s a re markabl e e pl in the Old North u ‘ a n ve s n the te O f S t ue h we e the mbri r io Of third chap r L k , r ’ so n o f He is e n e e b He n and the e e t i li r d r d y li g lik . S h s

‘ ’ e Ada mn A m n am~ i i . so n es e e s i n e. . i n call d g, , Of da Th g we e e n n s n w e as st S u e s h t e no m . u r d cli d ro g b ta tiv , ith pl ral

- i n as and th e n - i n a us the s o n O f o a e . . . wu g g pl g Th G ld o ld be

e n a nd he a mo r e d e s n t e e m cwall d Goldi g, f ily trib c d d fro Golda u i h b e h ld n a t e n s e a t e Go s i . . i e . e e s o ld c ll d g , Goldi g Th r a

a e numn m r t e Of e o f t s des c I io n l rg b r a s hi p .

' no in f n T he t the o S . s e n K t g lie s to N . har brook p lli gs are Ch n i n T N n D E O n Cn . A e a i e . . ott e . C ot . . nott nott n g , ; g , ; y g , F ; y g, T h n an T . mm E e Ch i n B e ns o e K C in e D . a or th (or ) this

ns n e ﬁ t th N r an had m s n s t e i ta c . It ig i e ha o m uch a do to

o u n n and nse te S v - n n e K e e a we s un pr o c b for , i r d a hort o l o d to n m m o I the n E ss st hi in the ess . e knot th a i pr c od r . e k is

i a s un e at e t mn ut t ws s a S e e e b s e as 1 4 i ply gl ct d o d d l a lat 00 .

- in h D B r B h ﬁn t e . e t ut t e al a form is co r c . It repre se nts i n a i the n n ‘ n n . ti O f C t s . e o n n e . o C C oti a . s o r S o ns g , g pl g , g Of ’ n e e s to e s ses s n T h e . th ut e . e o n C o . g pl r f r th ir po io Of h ldi g ; ‘ ’ n n t the ns no t wa s e e o C . it a plac b lo gi g so of

mno t e rs a aIn I n the - T he na e Of C app a g place nam e Onot

’ - - mB n mr no in a a m t t C . S o n t a o C . . 5 i g ha g ha m irch , ar x iii 6 .

no in hamn e B h mi s e s n s K tt n Be s Thi corr po d to a g ar ark a , rk ;

i n - le in wno n e . e e s n s e e hich lo g r xists Th r a K otti g y York hir .

M ARS T ON PILLINGE ; near M illbroo k station ; not far from

n r — h we M arsto M o teyne It means t e M arston h re once the

h o n ws us t e t M a a n P n e e e e m illi gs r sid d ; j t as o h r rst mam d fro mn n m M ort n P n is t e he e s. w t e s me an d y illi g still a o ha co o a ,

3 — 2 - M F E FO S HIRE 3 6 T HE PLACE NA ES O B D RD .

‘ ’ f Pil or f un in the C e . e n son O may be o d l rgy List It m a s a ,

P e e is P - le in e s e and e e are ee ill . Th r a ils y D rby hir , th r thr

lto n Pi s . u n ue WO OT T O PILLINGE S e o f the P om illi gs occ pi d N , abo t t n Pillin N . M e a mil e to the E Of ars o g .

n un -T N e T he nam e M arston is explai d der O ( p. it is

‘ ’ - s wn . m ere ly mar h to

WES T O — the n en en e N ING . This is most co v i t plac for dis

un th n sufﬁ in We n n e e e e c ssi g appar t x sto i g, mor corr ctly he f H n n and wn W t n In e to t . O e e . ritt s o g It li s N arli gto , is ’ written as We stoning in Bacon s map and in the Ordnance in T n H R and as a d . But e s st n E . . We o map . it app ar as ; e n Weston I ng in the Catalogue O f Ancient Deeds. It m a s ’ ‘ W a n t wn e u t n n I . we t n e en e s o , o c Occ pi d by a a t am d illi m g A s 2 1 We n T re o z n u . e I e F dal id , i it is call d sto g

n was e t nt but n e e e e (probably from a form r a ) , it is ot d that th r ‘ ’ e ten n W l l n h s 7 e e i l mus n e t e e . I e . a villa th r , a t d by I g am , i

we are ill lms o h nd Will lmu told that W e ula S ub e a e s

n wen n in T r e e e o te nh I g r t a ts oe .

It be e the v n E in e Is . w may add d that pro i cial g, a m ado no O f En n bu T e n t t e . m e o e e Of its glish origi , Nors h r is xa pl us in Be n e In n e s u W e . d , l ss illiam g took his am from it

28 A E . L K .

FEN LAK E in E s s — N o t f Be S e ; a tcott far rom dford . p lt

F nlak l R La k has no us e e C . . . . e u n n t e e e , , vol ii its al m a i g h r ,

nor nne e d w . l u a n n is it co ct ith Lat ac s . It is ativ e E glish

w e n n st e unn n we T he e ord m a i g a small r am Of r i g at r. str am me o n h t e dn n e and wn the ue is ark d Or a c map , ﬂo s i to O s . e La in h S e ke S b . 3 t e eWEn . and L t . ake e , ( ) N g Dict , a s r am , in the En . D e T he ﬁ . . e the A S nn f . . e en and g Dial i t pr x is f , a ; ‘ ’ the en e fen- e s s is str am .

2 9 LEY . .

Le the uu - s e n in e n e th w y is s al p lli g plac am s Of e ord which

' wus u ‘ e e lea f A . S le h . a Of en un ally sp ll ; rom , a tract op gro d , ’ e e e wu e o r e n N w e E. et T he ith r m ado , past r , arabl la d ; Di . T HE S FFI -LEY 37 U X . form leg is really due to the very fre quent use Of the dative é w h u f S a in t e n O e A . l e ZE e . cas , . g , g , hich g had so d y ui A n s e C we H e e It occ rs pl y , ra l y , Gladly , atl y, Oakl y,

P e e R e e t n s e a e T u S e e S e S e . r stl y, is l y , ppi gl y, top l y , tr tl y , h rl igh

B t no i n h . i w n n n t h u t be e e t n u W e t o e w ill y, g ill co v i to co sid r the this ith rest .

A — t As l i t v D E A l S PLE IS S e e e a e . . s e E. e Y GU p l mp (abla i ) , ; p , E le in A I A S . s a he e R F A T A l . . . C E . s . t . . . e e , . ; p y, p p , spl y n 1 in B S . 5 7 T h A . C e t e 9 . . e S 96 C . hart r da d , irch , art axo iii ’ n n n T h se ns s - o me s e e . e e en a oes oe a e le p (als p s) a s a p tr is a p .

I E is a n In eu A s 1 e S e . we GU a f mily am . F dal id , i , r ad ‘ m l ’ A l u n s e nse s de Gyse te e t A p e .

CRA LE as in H w— H n h s n u ne C e u e a ee W Y ; sbor ra l y. sbor b e ne u n e B R E Or D B r l O . e w . C a e e e S a lai . w e xplai d d r U N (p p lt , ; y , Crau lai R . Cr A . r nlé e e n e a nl . w w e C . e . . S C d a a t , ; y, I p . m , i h r f r c to wi n H C e nts o m n f r m f A S rd n e O d e . . w . . c a . c we ra l y a Fr , g , a w ‘ ’ ’ s n wn e e n T h sen e wle e e C a cro , al o a k o f mal am . s is ro s ; and h n h was wmn t e ge itive case suggests that t e Crowa o a .

HAT LE f P t n — o r CO C A E HAT LE due E. o . S e t Y, K YN Y ot o p l Ha l i D T F ﬁn te a B Ha R B E. A We d . . l a . . Hattele . tte e . , ; g , ; , ‘ ’ aet Haettanlea and un in h Of [ Elfhelmo f set Po tt e t e w , ill W t n Bi 0 Haettan C r h . a n . 63 . s c C S . ra ti g, amb ; , art xo iii is ‘ ’ ’ th n Hae ta n n i l e e t a d th se s s Haetta s ea . . e e g Of ,

O C A E mT h h r h n n u n e e c uc t C K YN is a family a . co ai s fo r

n - en u s o th B n nd n e sixtee th c t ry bra se s t e rya a Cockay e famili s . JOh Co cka n n t i min H l A f . atte e F . 7 . e e d . 3 y t . . . i

A ES L — n man old n A s R A LY T he e Of . N G D . a ma or iry ays

l d l i in E s n ua e in the n G e e a D. e Of _ Thi ma or, sit t mod r

He - and - Re en t e n parish Of ath ach , tak from hat Of L ighto

Bu h n e e be e n se in t e zzard , may still r cog i d am s OfuNar smGladly ; and u e e n n me a tho gh o ly ark d by small farmho s , r ai s a n T he n e n t e . e n ma or Of its lf, disti ct from tha Of L ighto mod r ” ﬁ i s me pre x probably the nam e Of some for er propri tor. e l M As led an e S G edelai D E l d le A . e . . G e e p lt , ; , g is arli r

n M i M o d E lad the d En l A leed . . e n ad . S varia t of . g. g , . g ( g ) , mod r n is a T h loed e nt e e e ue e A S . u am a f ir g id . . g m a bright or ch rf l - 3 8 T HE PLACE NAM ES O F BEDFO RDS HIR E.

‘ s e we e een T h en e we . e as ll as glad s may v ry ll hav b bright ’ n he e wen in In the e a d t e . w lea Flo r L af, a po m ritt by a lady

e ﬁnd it ue an e e o f e e h ﬁ t n ntuw t e ee t e f h c ry , s d as pith t l av s ’ h t e n C e t e n e e . a glad ligh gr e . ompar am Fairl igh

— T he LE e e are o r e en e S O e . OAK Y . Th r six s v plac s call d

‘ ’ - ue ns en wthe ak lea w en e O s s is , hich is q it co ist t ith Old A i A h l ioe D E A l A cleia A ele n s S e hele e e a . . ce ea e . c sp lli g p lt , , ; , , , T N l A M A l l k l A le . . i . . c e O e O e F . Oe . Go e e e e . le R . C Goe i ; , ; , , , ; , ;

A l A l ah w n a 070 o ak A B . . ea c e R . S A le . c c , , ; ith lo g , from , ; ’ l n mb e s e . see K e I d x

T LE n n w— T h n n e e PRES Y a ma or i Flit ick . Ord a c map has

to th f W s n n Pr lai N . W o e e ste P e t e e . . S e ri s l y Farm , to i g p lt , l F A n B r e . . u s P st e e d md Pr s l i a R B e D. . e o e e te e . . ; , ; f , It corr po ds

‘ ’ ‘ r s a léa t e l h s r e S P eo t e . ea t e o A . e to . g , da iv , lit Of pri st pri sts ’ B n 2 h nts . 1 T e en e lea C S . u . 0 . . . r osta ; irch , art axo iii g pl p acco h ﬁn in Pr in h n t e 6 este t e e . for al , Old sp lli gs

I ELE to th u M — R S e e un t i S e S e R solai Y ; o th of lchbo r p l ,

l R B R s l T i T Ris . . R s le Risl N B ste D E e e e e E . e e . . . . ; , ; y , g, g, ; y ,

‘ th n s w t e e e to be e e n n u A e F. . I ak am d scriptiv , m a i g br h ood ’ A hri n o m. . w s E. r l a S . uw e ise ; fro w , a t ig, bra ch , prov , br sh o d , undergro th .

T PPI LE he Of — E t W. d e S NG Y to N . Flitwick Woo Form rly ’ te in le in P A S e te i lai for S p g y, as igot s tlas p lt S p ge ( D E l i . . l S te n F. A S te in e a e . S te in ele S te in ele p g ) , py g , ; p g , pp gg , ' ‘ M e e e e ent A S é in a ah i lea o f h A . . a l . S t . e t e e . Th s r pr s p g , ’ in s o r S tee in s we é h t a e t a in e n l S e p g p g ; h r S p ga is t ge . p . Of ' ' f in so n O S tea a . tea a is n wn n e S tea S e p g , a p p a k o am , alli d to

‘ ' ’ a ee ft n - tea l s é ea le h i . S a A S . t . S t a a e. s ea . p , st p, high , lo y p , p , ’ e ml - u se Ke b e s n also occ rs ; I dex;

’ S LE f un — F A lit T P . O S e S t esle . t S O . o . . S Y ; N L to p lt p , , opp s ’ m T he n e to uin n o f in lea S S to as i . e. S t . a pp occ rs pp g , so s opp ’ ml s n e in K e b e I d x .

EAT LE to E E — N . . f n n e r d i TR the . u S t a l B o S . D S S e . Y do p lt , . ;

‘ A r l T A S . roe l a r F t at e E . t S e e . t e e t a tle . . S S , ; y , ; Thorp , Diploma i 8 we e en e e e h 5 9 . T e en r um. ta e , p , ith r f r c to this v ry plac s s is

- l a wh e e en e to e - S e S treet e it r f r c a v ry Old high road . tr atley

- F E F R S HIRE 40 T HE PLAC E NAM ES O B D O D .

u o f lowh een e e fo r immediate neigh bo rhood a t at had b th r

som e hundreds of years .

— - n we n H n and HE L Hen ww e e O N W . lo rail ay statio is b t itchi lawHene H l D E Hane e Ha n laa anes aua . ff e s e . S e . S e h ord p lt , , ; , A T he T l wF . N n E T . He o T E H nla e . . . laa . w e . e , ; , , , ,

f in D w do no t e f e a re e e the n orms B . ( hich r ally di f r) h r o ly n w e e en important on es ; th ey pre serv e a s hich is dropp d v T he ense u in wis the n e e . Ha n l w e a e , hich xt old st form s m st f ’ ’ n lo wT h n e H nn e e e i n e have b een Han s . am a is pr s rv d ‘ n s wh e n th wn of the n o f H nn n n H t . e a i gto , a , hic m a s to so s ’ mt n e in two t e Hannin tons in t H nn a ; also o h r g , Nor ha p o shir

e e as we as n t e Hannin ﬁelds W s e i e and . ilt r sp ctiv ly, ll hr g , all

i n E e A in the A n in Hannin a i . e. S . a n e ss x . lso . H g ( for g ) ,

h H nnl n s in - wH nn o r H nn e t e a Hann i e no e plac of g g , a y a ’ island in Berk s ; and perhaps in Ha nsﬂ eo t (for Hannesﬁe ot) ; ’ ee K emble s n e In H ma ffe ent s e e an e I d x . oth r plac s , y hav a di r ‘ u’ n us H n u h e e t W e e n t e s s ; h a b ry ( or ) m a s at high boro gh , ’ ’ ‘ wT he A E and Han h an ri n s e . S . b M id e ns H . we d y g, ll ( ) m a a a ll

B th th ue 71. in e t e D . form omits doubl e just as it omi s do bl

the o ld o f M anshead form (p .

’ 1 M 3 . EA D .

BU S HM EAD ; in Eato n S ocon ( Kelly) ; but much n earer to

— uand ar b sh h l n e . m w ad T e o d e Colm orth From e . sp lli gs

' M mF A w not A Biss de r e B md . . e e . . a e s e e e y , ; , ; hich r markabl only - for the use o f s o r 3 3 to denote the sound of sh ( no t

n n w n e s u o f i or ue u b t for the s commo ith Norma scrib ) , also

he n a Bu H n HR t e . e e a e i . . y for mod r sh y ( rts . ) lso app ars as ' nd the A S iss a . . u v n B e u e be b s me e. y ; for b sh st ha y ’ n M r Dui nan s Pl ~ I ac e names o f W s s e he es e e g orc t r hir , h i tate s to d erive Bushley from bash leg (or lea ) because the old

e n are Bisele a B ud R an issele S d sp lli gs g y ( bsi y olls) , “ in te um — uhle en H v no t B s . we e u y ( la r doc ts) e adds ha a thori y

e n the D B Bis r f fo r acc pti g . e o the later Bisse as forms o ” But h t e e f u. e o Bushme d and Bue ke b sh wxampl s a sh y ma it ute e t e have u s u w e his q i cl ar tha ch a thority ; hich solv s ut difﬁc l y . - - T HE S FFI ES M O T POO L. 41 U X UN ,

M T O . 3 2 . UN

n mh M ount or M ont is a sufﬁx o f French origi ; fro t e Old en mn Fr ch o t a hill .

“ RI M T — M r A T he n e DGM O U NT RI O . : , or DG N iry says am of

R u n — the red — co m e e s e e this plac , form rly p lt o g mo t hill is

d o n w ar mn n co mo unde t w ative l e bei p y od r , g p of Norma ords ,

n o h n ues At t e the a d th ere fore subse quent t t e Co q t . hat p riod ” a mn the n o f S e e n e w i e e ws se . hol plac co pri d ma or g ho mn i no t f un h n R ue n e t e e e s I hav o d sp lli g o g o t arly tim e . s un n e e nt u u t i b a e e s e t e e I s p c to m r cr atio of om g ssi g a iq ary ,

mr a n e a e s u u h t e n e uu e e to be t e ha t d, as s al , by b li f h t all a s r ’ uon corr pti s .

n F A a nd R id mond as as i It is umn i . . e n sp e lt R ge o d ; g lat ’ M agna Britannia ( 1 720 In Pigot s Atlas ( 1 8 31 ) it is

‘ R e n mn e n h t no e t e ue n e idg mo . I hav a s for d cidi g q stio . n v u h T e t h n v n to e e ut . I hi k t e explanatio gi e abov e b rymdo b f l s e n Ru n s ra e t e ess mn e e b p lli g ge o d is i d ci iv ; for g igh a l

e o f u th us a M e En o f he r e e u t corr ct form gg , l iddl glish form

e n f i n m wr d a d e e n mnd e e s h n A e o e e S . mod r ord g ; v ight r pr t t . mun r d o the n En n S o e moud . the n e , mod r glish that ativ ‘ ’ phrase ridge - mound is far more like ly than the allege d

en o h t w T e ue s n a s ut e e v d Fr ch f rm . q io a it f r h r arly e i en ue S th n mi n Ea e wr uwas u n E r uly ord o ge co mmo u rly nglish ; and n e en e s e s as Rud m e ont it co ld o ly hav giv ris to o ch form g ,

e n no t s e ntain n an i c rtai ly to a yllabl co i g .

POOL. 33 .

P n n — T he ld O LE h E o f C . o e n C ; to t e . ardi gto sp lli gs are u D us iz l B C u l v C h l Ch h o . C ll . oc e o oc e . o o uuF A o e . . c rio ; p , p , ; p , p , ; ' C ul E fo uul T h ll e r C le a o a . uu Co o t C . ul e C . u o /e p , ; p ( rror p ) , p , A in D is n s E. h Cat. s u t e fﬁ i 0 t n we . u e ul of ritt for hort , s x s p or ul n h ul ull n le e n to A o m. w t S . ll e . u e e p , a s ri g p , p , , p , dativ , ’ n n ‘ T h e A . e ns . e w S e n m a i g a pool . form xwactly a ri g to the e n E l is Ol w n 0 to ull . oo e s to be mod r p p , ith lo g , hich p app ar re e En mh t s e t e f ull . e W the lat d glish dial c s al o ploy orm p , ith s n a l wbe se e t in e e se s o o . t o ne ns an e am s p It ill ob rv d ha , i t c , 4 2 T HE PLACE- AM ES o r EDFOR S HIRE N B D .

h t e ufﬁ . ulls hi n lic wc re re s ts h M e t e id En . o s x is p , h p . g p , prov ‘ ’ E l/c n e . a u e n n s l l it e e d p , m a i g a mal poo , as is m r ly a imi tiv o f ull is n e . n tun e o form p , a pool This variatio a for at , as it uth u eﬁ e en e o f l ulle e n ut T he p ts s s p or p b yo d all do b . pr x

e en s e fﬁ u wa f the pr s ts om di c lty ; it s e vidently changed rom e e nt et n u Co arli st form i o som hi g different . T he later form is h uu e n h t e o f the o o t e e A. S n c w s al lat r sp lli g . , a ; so that

‘ ’ n in the t e n - e se e t en u w. e e a e een co s ; hirt h c t ry, s ms to h v b pool

But he w - a t e uin the t ws o C uw i wll as o as vo l f rm p short , l e te e to Cowle and n l s o C e . the e n e n t t asily al r d p , ( m a i g b i g o ) op But the e in e t wff n as n B t the e arli s form di ere t . o h sp lli gs

B t o th e se D . e e e e n u e uww e e b e r f r sam so d , hich o ld b tt r xpr s d

the s e n C k - ull Ca - neces o k u e e by p lli g e p or e p ll. Of th s it is ' th in wh u ub and en e e e e C ke e e C sary to s l ct latt r , ich b cam , th

s f T u ve the o ef . w Cw 10 e h C k e f o e , by los b or p ( orm o ld ha

en C k and M E 0 6 C t ua n the en k e e en C o . a e giv r pr s s c , g i

w - n - den e Oua e in and a e Cun h a ld s c a e tiv of c , hich app ars c ; ’ B t n 1 1 1 4 h we Of C S . . 3 0 O t e . . ua irch , ar axo iii , c is ak form

‘ ’ ’ ’ r u i nt o f i T h C . u cw. e e e n e c e c . , a va a , lit liv ly s s is ca s pool

4 A 3 S . . ND

HIC S A S PRIO R t he S eff — e C K ND Y ; o t W. of h ord . Form rly ‘ T E k n D B C i sand B . . i sand e Chi sa . h lce R S ee . Ch c . e p lt , , ;

A HR i E T T N C ik nd . . Oh lc s n . . . h s o . n F . . d Chi ud . . e o . kesa , , ; , , ; , I p m S and is a common o ld variant o f sand ; the spelling sane in

n uT he 8 be e e e in D e e . u B . is rro o s sho ld probably r p at d ; n S f Ci s th f C i n we to a A . w e e h kes . cee hich cas , orm a s rs orm , n wn h wh no t e we t e en o f Cic or Ciec n e g . , a am hic is oth r is k o ; ‘ ’ ’ n ic s n f has n t n in n sense bei g C c sa d . This orm o hi g commo

he M id En hilo o tene o f chiken en wt . . e ith g c , sh r d form , a chick ;

- ik wn n 1 t h as u wn 0 . for his c e k o till after 30

5 A S N DE. 3 .

' ‘ the A n oe s e n S . snee e e e . w uade d S r pr s ts ( ith lo g ) , a lic ,

n f e t ma l f n a to n 'te t wut t on o e bi mors l , , portio , orm d ( i h lo g lo g )

- o ut h n o f an t c snad t e e e the t e sni th . from , s co d grad roo v rb , e e e f n me n e o . It a t a s parat d pi c , a strip la d - LE 43 T HE S UFFIX S T AP .

— M e un e . e WHI th o f PS NAD E ; to e S . D stabl or corr ctly

- se Wipsnade ; the inse rtion o f the h i s late and unauthori d . S e b snade Whi sna de F . E i e n d A T . W es a e . . p lt n , , ; , p ,

~ v t s be e e te in ol . u e The 3 . ii (la r) . ho ld probably r p a d ; o m mib s W S . e w n A . e Wibes e n s a hich cas corr spo d to for , fr a mm w n wn e e o i n t t e e . Wib o ; this form is o h r is k o , xc pt as

- e a n n in Wibs e ne B . e app ri g agai y, ar radford , Yorks Oth r n i b w is w W b a e i m n i ban e . Wb u e e W b e e is , st r pr s t , g of , hich a

n f t Wibba was w n o W e e n n e n e e k o am ; accordi g to Flor c orc s r, h uin the t e a f M e e Pen n o . f th r of da , ki g rcia It also occ rs ’ i - n a W e n in A S . w W bban dun i Wibba s e . e , . do , p rh ps imbl do

u - n e i i W e S e n in A w . d the W bbe a S . rr y ; . toft , ar ickshir (Thorp ) ’ ’ The right se nse is probably Wibi s portion o r else Wibba s ’ n d tt as Wibi and Wibba are e a te . e portio It har ly ma rs , r l d ’ ‘ ’ ‘ ’ n an mT h A H i in e S s d d we s e . w te e stro g ak for . . p , Thorp ,

Di lo matar um i 5 i t u e t in S uff 9 s b W e e . . 6 p , p , ho ght to h ps ad olk

Ce n the eﬁ in ee be f e e n rtai ly, pr x it s ms to di f r t .

3 T APLE 6 S . .

S ta le — e e are two w us i En ne O p Th r ords th spelt n glish . of the m denotes the chi ef commodity o f a place ; this is o f

en o n and has n n to w - nams is e e uFr ch rigi , othi g do ith plac , as ua w but e s s ue T he e sta l no e ne u e us lly rro o ly a s m d . oth r p , chi ﬂy e of n u ue w e o f n the E s d a hoop iro , is tr glish ord , tho gh gr atly

n in n l nt t r e e e T he A S . sta o e o cha g d s s . . p m a a pos pillar ;

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en m- A hel s d . . S te m t , farm ; .

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h nuns l ham t e are n and un Wi s e he nus o f t M e t S call d ary ; , d r “ ste - wa a v h mn e r t a th n ss ut e t e e e C ue J ad , told h t o t di h g a or ” ’ in l u M a a E s A s to the t wsee a m Ch rch of S . ry l to ; iry s w h e s S o tha t te the u as no t e t e Dig t . t , at tha da , ch rch call d n b t M rt mEl he na u t He e ut . ue t S S e ch rch of l , of ary F h r, for ,

th l n r an n o h wu A o f H e o e t e e e S . e . form , y Fr ch f rm of sam , o ld

v n Elutwe n 1 8 an 1 8 wn no t e n c t w e e 07 d e e e u 0 6 ha b do to b , h

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t was n A l h na ﬁnd e e e e e nestowe t e e I , mor ov r, tha th r a oth r , m

n i un e s ee R uu ri n lium o f a hudred n R tla dshir ; ot lor m O gi a

un e - n e s e l iatio 24 1 A s o in Abbrev . t , i . This h dr d am is p lt ’

i a n l s we e . P s A a d A sto e e e got tl s , l h r m It is cl ear to any o ne at all accusto ed to these old spellings w “ th m Aun e v in e Eln A l e w n e t that , for s ha to d al i h a much abbre viated form ; and the use of the e quivalent preﬁxe s El A l o n s o h us e a o n o f E h l o r t t e u t e E l p i t al abbr vi ti , of f , t v m us o f A E e n ﬁ T he e n te s h bo h ry co mo pre x e s . or i dica t e

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n A n - u n d T he n is e e a d . a u S . a e e nan Lati . a m ch r d c d r m t

of e usuufﬁ h n e e e n - t e e n6th Jai n som al s x , o ly thr availabl b i g ,

n - d i . a c he n e A . e wn . e t S e en t es Pra tically , o ly lik ly r pr s ta iv

o f Eln A ln are E eln th zEla th E thelhun th o E lfhun , , , ,

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w n th we n ziEthea th r wn n e e e e e a e A or E l i l i . I thi k choic li s b t

h th and u an E o f wt e e e e d a e l th ; hich latt r is asi r, occ rs h and E T he e n o f E l né thes both as Aa t a th . abbr viatio f to A lnes o r Elnes is certainly possible ; so that all poi nts to w ’ ’ E s n n w th t t e ZEl th s e probabili y hat l to origi ally m a t a sto . It is not more remarkable than the proved reduction o f

‘ ’ ’ w ee Ead ulf s tree to Elstr .

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- T he e en e the -n e us in the 3 . P e n e . lac am s , p pr s c of h lps

r wun . t wa no case tha e e disc ssi g I had arri ve d at this probability as to the origin o f Elstow

n uh a B w e o me to t e D es fo r hen it occurr d t co s lt om d y ook Rutlandshire as to the o ld spelling o f the other place - nam e

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4 H 0 . ORPE T .

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m r n i Lin e en en e . e e a e e n es E e d p d t a Th r Thorp s , ss x , Norfolk,

an se whe d e e s e r ru n hro o h e e e . w l r It is al o sp lt t p t p ; h c have T HR P END ne n n U , ar Lidli gto . ’ e u - fﬁ n M n e i . e. e It almso app ars as a s x , as i il thorp , mill villag , i n We e n . It n t in th E T e e . s . h r . v. o e st or la d is o d Dial Dict p ,

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- O F E FO R S HIRE 48 T HE PLAC E NAM ES B D D .

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n w en 1 2 h f A uand of the livi g ere th ( 7 0) t e Earl o ylesb ry ’ n u E n f e e s in th o t s h. e s . o w S C e S J n C o q t, q It is gift oh oll g ,

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— EM PS T O . S e C m E R a es ms on . . t n D B K e t x o e . . e K N p lt , ; , , A C F. m b s n . oe u e t e K m m e e K mn s to ton K ms n R . e es C e be to . ; , , e e, ; , l R . K C . em ston K em f s t n us f r K T T he e o a o o N . ems on . t y , , p , in DB te n e . s to S w I the n we was ae. t d ho that origi al vo l uno t ve e en e the A s h in e n . S C e . . me C co ld ha b , as e beco mod r ‘ S FFI - T O N 1 T HE U X . 5 n e i . In e n e in e e 1 4 3 and n am s a chart r pri t d K mbl , iv . , o e i mn t 3 81 t e e s e n Cra n feldae e t Th rp , Diplomat . p . , h r a io of g ’ Kem estan . e s K e mstan to e mt n Thorp ays that e re fers K ps o in o but a mn mn i e e a s e in B w s e s Norf lk , it r th r K psto d , hich n S ix mi e s r nﬁ ld in e n e In o n e 1 4 o ly l from C a e a dir ct li . f ot ot

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e ve as s n is t n n namm. e m s r a di i guishi g e for a a Ther a Ke psey in W es e r uth D S n viz s b e . e ff e n e t B e . orc t hir , p lli g is di r t , Ch m e esi e an h mis mi a a n d t e A . C es e co S . g , for y g , prob bly ’ ’ n C mi mn M r n n en s s s e as W H u e e C e . . tractio for g g , y i l , D ig a sue - ts in his t P a n mh T e gg s b o ok o n Worces e rshire l c e a es . 0 e e e n b for g r mai s hard.

EI HT O B Z Z AR — S e t L n t fo r U . w h as esto e s A. S . L G N D p l ( i h , t n E e D. L n H R L h n T N L n A M . e to . . u e to . . e t e . . of ) , ; y , g , ; g , ; L th n Bu T n e o sar Le th B sar . A . d E . u o e d g , g , F and Le h n t H . . . . S e L i h t n Bur te . o sa d e e ton g , m p ry III , I p m p l g

Beaude r M t n u s t n B nn wt ua t t e , ag a rita ia i ho y a hori y ; but h n t e mw it en e e nt a e as probably given to to abl som a i

ur n i a e - n a mu u n e q y to discove r o ne ore abs rd corr ptio pl c am s .

t ut t b uo n Be ue e t u e s : o e K lly say ho gh a corr pti of a d swr , tho gh n m m o e as n e it B sar w t e e e os d so hav d riv d from , of ho K igh ” w e th n mf E H we ve th n a e s i the e o d . e ws e . of hir ti III o r, am

in he t Hen III and already spelt Busard e ven t im e of ry . it is

aml o h n me f e B r bviously de rived from t e a o a f i y call d usa d

h mmas ta h wn ut n e w en t e ( ith o e s) . No do bt fa ily a k from e

M En u s n - n O . F b ar e id . . us r u u b a d . s t g , , a b zzard ; ch ick am s

mta w ma un men A e e n t t e e s e . r com o at h dat , p cially if co pli ry

u n f wuse n was a n e n e o b zzard i f rior ki d a ha k , l ss for falco ry ,

s man T he o ld n am u . a d so c e to be an epith e t for a t pid

‘ ’ - ua is o v wa wo f e o ne nn ms e pr rb , ca ot ak a parro h k a b zz rd ,

ut n 4 and o us in the e i th Ro mn 1 033 e uo f h R se . t e q o d a t o , , cc r th en n a e . w e w t of e Fr ch origi al , hich is arly d It follo s that

e n e e e t mod r sp lling Buzzard is absolut ly corr c . - E O F E FOR S HIR E 52 T HE PLAC E NAM S B D D .

fﬁ u T e are ent o f As e n he e no . e to L ighto , t r is di c lty h r pl y ‘ ’ mn e n w e . n ue the e e L ighto s , b ca s ord simply a t gard It is ’ - - f r u n wn i e o k un . ee . e. th A . l a e . S e t from , lit l k to , plac c ltivati g f r e e T he ne wo e . wwas n e e e e l ks , hich o c a g ral ord v g tabl s

‘ on un o f the ut t e e leak A for ee lea b S . c . l k is ; his b cam acco t h A s n t. S . t e w e e . c phone tic lawh ereby almost v ry pa s d i to

mw A n o ne . e E e n are no t n e e xc ptio s com o ; ho v r, cto is I hav

P - H n un n i n e n o f us e a e e e alr dy xplai d this my lac am s t , a co ty w n a ns nd ei htonstone and n two e a L hich co t i s L ighto a g ;

H s n e . e e rts pos ss s a Layto .

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n in e o o f e in T m n L tu e a d e as yg a lat c py a chart r, horp , Diplo a 4 n een n i m0 . e e e e 3 r u . ta , p This has oft b said to r f r to L ighto

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w s 8 e e u n i n he e 5 a t e the e 9 . y ar , h r it occ r as n , dativ cas It ‘ ’ - n L - w un e e a n and is clear that n e t m a s to ; it is a fact that n Bu n n h e Lea wl e zz n u o t e o t L to is riv r , hi st L ighto ard is .

T he n o f the e - n e fﬁ u e pho ology riv r am is a littl di c lt . It

l s S . e e od i e the A. m E. l in n e . w e e r s mbl s gg , a fal hood , , hich ma y ’ n e s e e l ue e n in H d n e ee e North r dial ct b cam , a form s d v ar i g s n P to e n e . e e e n Chro icl rhaps this h lps xplai it . It also r mai s

- Lea in the e - n e e ve W u e S e as plac am L agra . ho ld rath r have e xpecte d the modern nam e to have been the Lye ; and it is int eresting to ﬁnd that in — M agna Britannia ( 1 720) the name o f e e i r v L agrav is spelt L g a e . But n ca a s b wn n e n n n e S e e o f it l o ho , i d p d tly pho ology, that th A u n S . L et n b In e . u u ns w e the yg m st e L to . Coll ctio to ards

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in the n B f e But C e e fo r e . w e e oll cta a d ordshir , p r ad ’ ’ ’ ’ V a in e de un ue est A t e t n en C S ti . ic r ccl L to , q bba o v t

A n aucto rita te co ncilii na e s t A D lba i, ordi ta hoc modo , . . ’ Re in the B n ln s Re e s and t e e n g. p of Li co gist r ; h r is a ote that “ e the e in e o wn nd o n the abb ey h ld r ctory th ir ha s ly from 1 1 66 ” w n 1 1 9 e e e . T S w 9 to ; aft r hich th y appoi t d a vicar his ho s,

t L un ws un n u et a . e b yo d a do bt, hat yg L to At the last re ference the name o f the plac e is given as

un Luto n L Lauon and ee t e e e ne L to , y , or , is th r xplai d as ’ i n ‘ h t h h ‘ S n t n t e we i . . t i w e Le e e e e . ig ify g o by at r, by r v r

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' - n o r no u s u e e e e e Lie i n M id a y o d , a m r glid ; do bt it b cam .

En in E h s s the r n . i as d w mi n ua . dr . a e e ow g , ith c , j t adj yg ( y)

' e i wt Bue e e e t e n e dr e the e i . t w as b cam , i h sam th r its d v lopm h n d un w es e t e ﬁ e wan as t w e e we arr t d ; al f ll a ay, a so d l f hich w L un n t L ee w o e e ee. wu h be t e sho ld d o by This , hich o ld

e e n has een ere to Lea l n t e corr ct sp lli g, b alt d compara iv ly

n e un the n t he n ue me e t e e th e w od r im s by i ﬂ c po y of ritten

f ma wnd i l in he sen e e a s ue un wea t e n n ord s o do , q it m a i g. It u ve m n mn w e e o t e t w do s a tha it o ld ha rhy d ith sea in the days

n no un e sa a ws . we se a h pro c d as y

t - n the e u uin ms n wto B t was ffe en co po itio i h , r s lt di r t . i n D B L i h s n s are L e . . u T e e o to ton F A : e . . La iton old p lli g , ; , , l R ut R L n . R ui n . C L n H L to a C . o . ut R . . o H C . e , g , , , . re the i o r g may represent the glide de n ote d by the g in n e the ﬁnal e being suppresse d ; the N orman long a being use d v un win A a S s h . w wn e to d enot e t e ery so d hich . ritt as long y ; he un o f the ﬁe it in the e n r i t n . e. it een so d modi d G rma g , gr .

- n was n ent e t s h e u t Af e t e w t r hi , glid so d soo ir ly los , so that e m n in H R ﬁ n h e n e . w t h e d e . t e uw alr ady od r sp lli g ; hilst as

e e e e e een o f Fren h i n d v lop d pr cis ly as if it had b c or gi , so that lu n ws un e e the uin lunar or id or lu it is o o d d lik c cre ; or like n i the ui i ﬁ ut.

An t e e n n o f th e n ui 1 s o h r xpla atio e sp lli g afford e d by the

m in o was s e f e e e e th A e . S fact that it o tim s mploy d plac . y

s su th s e o f th - and e s n e e e two the p rhap thi ppositio is a i r , ge n n e bei g ig or d . 5 - F E F S HIR E 4 T HE PLAC E NAM ES O B D O RD .

— T . M E M rston E. M A T E S e rston D . e RS T O M O R EY N . e e . N p lt , ; , , T e H mn n . R T n F. A e e are M N M rsht . . . e o , . . ; , Th r a y arsto s h y ’ ’ ‘ ‘ 2 ﬁnd : n r fa I A . n wo . n . . e all m a marsh to marsh rm F i , I um s o rte n e ne man r d M e s n c n n nud e M e i me Co ta ti s y t t u r to ” 8 — D 1 2 4 . A . 6 villa de M erston ; . M ARS T O PILLIN Fo r the ex In h m GE. t e sa e parish is N

n illin e un e -ING n o f P e se . pla atio g , d r (p

— o ro m MILT O I wo ube an s M ilto n f N t ld ea y gue ss to derive

mill a n wu wn d be ; it o ld ro g.

is ma r M n It a re ark ble fact that a large number of o uilto s ‘ ’ we n n be h e le M e i . u e e. e T e n r o c cal d iddl to , middl farm . m r of M iddletons that still re main is surprisi ng ; there are more n wn e tha t ty .

D E. n u l w b t s M i l on dde t e S e M i dentone . p lt , ( ro gly) ; al o , B H R In h A n D . M d l on . T N t e S . . . id e t . . . C e (rightly) ; , , hro icl ,

and M n n r s b o th M ilton Abbas (Dors . ) ilto ( Ke t ) a e pelt M iddle

un B n B n and M n E n r n M e e e e e t . oth ilto rya t ilto r st wo c call d

M n B n e e the o f B n a nd E ne et . iddl o rya t r f rs to family ria , r st

t a n R o rus E n n n m te e . o he o f E s . e eu u f f. t mily r y g xtra s t . . .

h r R Bri n m‘ m i in M iddel n er ede e uest an uin to e t a p ob rti a , q q i B mB us s h r d bus de e e u et ua de e e C c todia , llo a po ( a champ) , F 1 1 28 n n A . 4 J n E s e e s de . e id m h rede rege . i ( oha s r y ” e n n ur n i f m d in M id l n i 8 t u te e ut . . A . . 3 . to e E alii q o dam y ; , ( 1 428)

— t D n R T N R . P T T O S e Po ne E Potto H. . . . . O N to . . C p l , ; , , , ,

ET S e P t un in th f jEl he lmf A . . o t e . e o f o F. w ., p lt , dat , ill

t n Ca s B n ut s W S . . 630 e C . . rat i g , mb ; irch art axo iii It do b l s ’ ’ n Po ttan u’ n P h Po t o r t n . m tt s f T e e s t e. o a . ta ds for , arm a of

ma s b n m P e e r the na e P n otta y al o i f rred f om tribal otti g ,

w u o in P n - - hich occ rs b th otti g dun and in Potti ng tun ; both ’ i K embl n are n e s I dex .

S HE T O in th e nd h — e . o f t e un e t Es l n L S e to e N ; N co ty p l , E l n D. . n A E se to e S lto e . h s ce . B S h l T N In D. t e ton . . . e s , , F ; , i m t o r s s e he s un s s w no in h t e ma ak shift for o d of , hich did xist b o n T he A . S . s . w as T h ﬁ in h N r a ym ol so. e pre x e d E t e

DB is ve a te s . forms ry ch rac ri tic ; as the Normans could not

e s n un the E h t - e . s wu t e to ws un e a ily pro o c i ho a pr para ry vo l o d .

- FOR IRE 5 6 T HE PLACE N AM ES O F BED DS H . m h f widu h n t S l e we e e A. . n to e o d poi ts back a v ry tim , arly or ,

n ue and in e e t re wwas t i s a ood , s ill , is this cas dial c ally p T he u E d. uuf wud wen e . woo th e s erv ed ; e mor s al orm is , h c ‘ ’ - w T e e i . . wn . e n e wood to e e lit ral s s is , ood farm h r is still a W T ar zen w W n e W n . e e e ood at ootto , call d ootto ood h r a do

ttons Wo ottons and three Wo .

— h o f e n It e to t e W. WYBO S T ON in Eaton S oco . li s Littl ’ T he ldis n HR . D B. bo to B f S e Wiboldestone . W ar ord . p lt , ; y , ‘ V ’ ’ l i ba ld the M e n s ense is obviously V igba d s farm . Wg is rcia n n n w e e A i b a ld w e f he . W e e n o t S . sp lli g g , a k o am of hich th r ‘ ’ ‘ ’

mi e n war and b a ld e n . W e are e e . six xa pl s g m a s , m a s bold

bo sto n in Hun w e e T e e n e W s . h r is a oth r y t , hich I hav alr ady

in P e - n e Hun s o n e s e ue ne th s xplai d my lac am s of t , l s cl ar

e en e Wobaston i n S t ff e n n e o f vid c . a ordshir is o ly a oth r form n ue in e wa d IS e ne the e the sam ord , xplai d from sam so rc ’ Dui nan P e - n e o f S t ff g s lac am s a s .

HAWS T ON —T the n e n en e fo r con C . his is most co v i t plac

o u n e n o t n end side rin Chawst n g , tho gh this am did origi ally

- h f R n h us orne t e o S e C a ele t in ton. e . . It li s to N oxto p lt , lm for C lust rn E l n R B Cha l rn a e o e D . Ca c s r . Ca nesto e . e te e . ( ), ; , ;

n R Ch l sterne r a e Cha lu n H . a ve s te n ister . (probably rror for ) , ; ,

A h ls rn F s ﬁ . A u R C . . . . C a t A s . e e . . . , F , I p m , to thi dif c lt form ,

ue . o f wne e e e ent e n can n hich ith r l m is at all c rtai , I o ly g ss

n e As Perhaps som e o e else may h ereafter interpre t it b tter .

the e e e en we a n e e o n e the two in c to form r l m t , b st r c cil forms

B u n r n t and Ca lv s e o e Cha r s e . D . by s pposi g th m t rep e s t e

n e e n we e the A S Cea l es and . e e . . I thi k th s a s r, r sp ctiv ly, to f O n Ca l M Ca l s en e A l and 0 M e . e C . e . S ea rcia f , g itiv s of . f rc f , E h l u e n a e e e h e ue c a S . . T mod r c lf, r sp ctiv ly _ is r q ir s that f ho ld e e l ut en e fo r th f b a b e e ev a dial ctal form for c f , th r is id c is orm

n in h n s n I ue e n t e e e e it S o ly K ti h dial ct . For K tish , q it c rtai ;

for n th A h ux v 2 the two f t i e . n o e in 7 S e e e . . v rsio s Gosp ls , L k , nt M th n nd h l T he e e e S S . e e e h a a c a K ish hav r adi gs c e lf f . d v lop en f h i h e he A a o n f uf r wt . . c m t t e soud o cea s difﬁc lt ; o il S e lf n we h n e the t e n E h l w l t e A. c a e a S . e c a s rs to mod r . c f, a s rs to e n E h m e lk f d not e e e . a w mod r c ; a fact o hich I o r mb r to hav n h l see an e n n M the A S . c a . e w . e xpla atio y th ory is t at, hilst f - 57 T HE SUFFIX INGT ON .

E wen e the e n . l was e h M e . a supers ded by t e O . rc c f ( h c mod r ue a the A C a n e e as e n e S . e c lf ) , . lf, co sid r d a prop r am , prod c d a u h e n t e M wen e e Cha t e e En Cha l iddl glish form f , h c a lat r f g i iv ws Cha uv s and ﬁn Cha . w e C lv s te e wub ha e of hich o ld , la r , ally as ue as a w h S C . e We have no evidence that t e A . lf s d a f ms e n mo n u the n e e n n uthe se e b t p rso al am , of a s a i al as p rso al ’ m n in En and in Bardsle s n e n m w ee a s has al ays b co mo glish ; y wt e e en e the w we are o n n un es E s S ork gli h r am , told , i h r f r c to “ wn w R le Ca e th n t en ue a d een t lf thir th c t ri s, that ichard lf, God i n uen e and le Bull of o c R e le C are , og r olt all commo occ rr c , still ” e w t u abid i h s . suse v fﬁ u T he second half o f the wo rd is also e ry di c lt. I ppo

- T h th t A h rn n . e S . t e D u he . ﬁ e en o B . torn e s f x to r pr s t , a thor u wul be n n m cha ge from the difﬁcult sth to the S i ple st o d at ral

en u s is en e e e e a n . o gh; sp ci lly for a Norma That thi right , is r d r d

- we wud e u e o rn w the e n e te probabl by alt r at f rm , hich o l q ally ll

e e en n u e S wn in the A h n t . S . r . t e r pr s t g , a hor b sh I hav ho , my

P e - n - m the e o f Hunt the e n e B n s lac am s , that plac a ythor (by

n h r the t n u a nd was n l B t e ne thor ) origi a ly call ed y (by hor b sh) the n wen the o ld w hern was n u te e t e am e at rally al r d h ord

e e e e b cam obsol t . V wu n in nn he n e mns erne e e e t V o o d a t I o ld xplai a lik ma r am , ’ ’ A o in ue . S e e en e w n s h n s t u rr y v ry lik ly s s is o dma or b h .

T he e u u a e e s hawsto n it n r s lt of my g ss s to C is that origi ally ’ ’ ’ e n alf n lf s n s All m a t Ce s thor o r Cea thor buh . that is

n h n n - n e ue n e t e e n e to a d c rtai is that mod r di g is d l siv , that it ’ nn e f n n f ca ot hav orm erly m ea t towor arm .

4 2 T HE S FFI - INGT ON . U X .

no w o n e h n end in - in e t t e e ton I com co sid r am s that g .

e can ws n tw e ue be e o Se s In Th y ( ith om tro bl ) divid d i to t .

the e th n n is ue and e t e e e e o form r , di g corr ctly s d r f rs tribal or f s tt mn But in h t e us t e e n e e e . e e us amily l ts la t r it is d rro o ly,

and has een sut e e n e e b bs itut d for som thi g ls . In th the wn e e s are n ue : B n t n form r cla s i cl d d follo i g illi g o , C n ton n t n n n P n t n and n n ardi g , Goldi g o , Lidli gto , odi g o , Toddi gto .

In the u r u the wn do btful class a e incl de d follo i g : Chelling to n E n n S e n n W n n and W n n , ggi gto , t vi gto , illi gto , ymi gto . 58 T HE PLACE- AM ES O F E FO RDS HIRE N B D .

BILLI T o f h n Buz — O the S e d Billin es NG N , to . L ig to zar g , R ‘ ’ . C . Billin Billin bur R B te the B n e . . ; g , g , Li rally farm of illi gs ,

o r o f the n f a B i w n o B s n n T h B n e . e so s ill . illa a k o am illi gs a re u e e in B n u n e Li es B n f rth r comm morat d illi gboro gh ( ) , illi g f f B n u B n h Li nes B n ord (Nor ) , illi gham ( D rham) , illi g ay ( ) , illi gs

us n ue a n h u n S d i t e B te h r t ( ss x) , famo s illi gsga .

A — - D R R I T O e Ch rn n E K rdin . tone . e eto e . e C C D NG N . Ill sp lt , . ; g , K erdin n H T K F A. rd n n n to R . A E e to . . e g , . , . , g g , I p m . ppar tly, ‘ the o f th rdin s o r o f the n o f r a T he e Cae Cae d . farm g , so s ’ n rda u rd n - hl w r u e ae in ae a ae i e rda s l wo C C . . Cae o am occ rs , b rial un s B n 1 4 n e e C . S . . 7 T e e e mo d ; irch , art axo iii . h r is a oth r n t n in Cardi g o S hropshire .

L I T — l n n D E di N O O S e o de o e . n l on T . . G . G t . Go t D NG N p lt , ; g , , T h ‘ f f E. . ldin n A t e o he o n Go h . t o r t o e . ; g , F It is arm G ldi gs ’ n n wn n e G w . so s of olda ; hich is a k o am

I — h i n t u T e d s e S ta n LIDL NGT O N . i corr c ; it ho ld cer i ly be n t L l n D E n n S e itinc eto . . e Li lin n . t to Litli gto p l , (i corr ctly) ; g ,

n u M T h as n e in T N Li li n A . e n t t e s . . . C ; g , sam Litli gto amb , w s e Luli n n AS an i d e n hich is al o sp lt t gto . uboth r sult from a

‘ h A wube L l n - o f h u/n i S . i a . . t e A e . t S . t t e . y, form o ld g g , farm ’ l mn h n A m l e E. li l T e o L tlin . . s S te tt e. e f y g ; from g , od r a

l l us in B n S . . Eadric e S e lit e C . 369 Lyt ( p lt ) occ r irch , art axo iii ; ’ n L lmmn us i e and the am e yte an ( little a ) occ r n S e arl s O no

n t n n n e e t n the one en mastico . e I hi k this xpla atio b tt r ha giv

- f w wn u n m he e t in P e e o C . e my lac a s ambs , r I ro gly s ppos d hat w h n n B w d e e t e Lidli gto ( eds ) is corre ctly spe lt ith a ; h r as d is mod ern .

in he N W ne f t . h PO DI T O or P DI T O . o t e NG N, UD NG N ; cor r ; E n n F A . P i n l D P di to e . od ton n t P dintone . . o o u. e o c t S y p , ; g , ; g , n ue to en e the i n E T T he 0 o od T N . . . , Norma s s d d ot both p h old n e un n so t t e e s t n and the uin puddi g tha sp lli gs t ll o hi g. P n n e m e n u wa ue the e the we are If g id d by sp lli g ddi gto , y tak

‘ ’ h Fa n or n o f Puw mo e n o f t e : na e t m a farm di gs so s da hich

T he te n e to t e Poddin s wn n e . is a kno am al r ativ is ak g as ’ ‘ s n wn n o f Po dda w e me n n s n . a i g o s ; hich is al o a k o am

— S e Dodindone fo r Todindone D din I T O . o tone TO DD NG N p lt ( ) , p T HE FFI —1 N GT O N 5 9 S U X .

M una A. . H R T din d D E n . o r T in Todin edo . fo od tone . . ( ) , ; g , ; g ;

n R B Tudin done A M . n d n F A T din to e . . E . T o . Todi o . . g , , g , g , h n m e e e n but t e e h s ﬁx us e emu s u T e u t , f th s do b f l , a may hav b

- wu to a and wl in w s in don o e e t o e T od e fo d ; hich ca g ld r f r hill , n Todingeton to a farm e ar it . n A uwe n S . h mn n ﬁes a . As t e 0 e Nor a oft sig i , may upay n Tuin n and the es e t en o n the e d do e p cial a t ti to sp lli g g , to m ch

t S n Tud i n n en in M n B t nn e e d to la r p lli g g , giv ag a ri a ia n h T udin s T h e e us be t t e e t e e rib or family r f rr d to m t , I hi k , g , n un n n weet e n f u S s o or o s T da (origi ally , accordi g to , pro o c d

- n me and u t n u ua is w nt te w . e ue i h lo g ) T d a ll a th ica d a , occ rs

h n un a A l n d T udi c at S . C n e We e ﬁn in t e . e hro ic . v g , prob bly n n in 52 e . 7 . Toddi gto , Thorp , Diplom . p

no w t s n es en n I proc eed o consid er the se cond cla s of am di g

- m in in on w no e e r n e t e o r t t e mg , hich do r ally r f to a s of rib s e fa ili s .

CHELLI T O ne a H — in D B S e Oh l in . w e NG N ; r arrold Not . p lt ton Chelwn ne Ch lv n ne F A Ch lwn e in Ch e to e to . . e to el , , g , ; , c nton Ch i T N h M . C l on . l nt n . A T he e o . e et g , vol , ; ,

eﬁ e e sen - C lwnn n lwnn S Ceo e e n eo e e . e pr x r pr t g , g of g , a f mal p rso al

‘ n m ' f e a n e s ar n t mmn u e w e . e e o e e am e a F m l am co o , b t a cl ar x pl s

n o f a m u mth a e u ww occ r, probably fro occ patio a f r by ido .

m n i - i n - Th n f fe s n s e n s o t b . f e e e o . e e os and g i iv a tro g ds t ad , ’ Th n ‘ u s in te . e e s e e e Ce o lwnn r g larly disapp ar la r forms s is y s ’ farm .

E I T O E o f n Bua d — t E e S e i n GG NG N . L ighto zz r p l gg nto i n M agna Britannia ( 1 7 so that the intrusion o f the g is I mrn ‘ n ut o de n E e . e e t e n in e e qwi Th r is a o h r ggi gto D rbyshir , e i n E n Ek nton E indon FA . into hich is sp lt g , g g ,

en na M P h ﬁ an s e s E to A . e s w E t e e A . S . w c nne g , rhap pr x r to g g , en o f w Ec nn no n n e T h . w A . e e . e S . c e ua g g g , a k f mal am g r g l rly ‘ ’ ’ en e T h s s wnn s a is E . e en e c It an d ot d gg g y f rm . c hardly ’ ’ e n Ec a s m u v as t w e e m e E t n e m a g far , hat o ld ha b co g o . Th re

o rk shir e .

o r S T EV E T the E f O e to . o u e N N ( K lly) ; T rv y. D E i . . S t venton S t venton R . C . S tivintone ; , y , ; ,

t un n n F. S e e to e S tevi nto e A S tiven e e ent , , r pr s s 0 T HE PLA E- AM ES F E FO R HI E 6 C N O B D DS R .

an A S f s . in h a . n a w w S t an e o S t t e form gf , g . gf , hich f pro n u o nced v n no t b t in the . e e u e u as This am is r cord d , occ rs nue t S t e a e e the en e dimi tiv form yf c l ast thric . From g itiv t was h n f S e es f e t e o e me e c w e S C s s gf orm d am t tch orth , a b ; my

P e - n e 2 d e . 7 an S e f in e C . W lac am s of ambs , p also t ch ord orc st r And f the e e . w t f ca n e shir rom ak form S y e is d e rive d the am ‘ ’ ’ o f S ue e in Hun T h h t fa s f T e e en e S . t k l y ts . s s is y arm

n e ti venton n n wa ut n to cha g from S to S te ve to s do b less owi g h un o f th t e n e e e n n e o f e n T e e i ﬂ c Norma am S t ph e . h r is

n S e en n in Han nd n e in B e . a a e a oth r t v to ts , oth r rks .

WILLI T O to the E o f B f — D E e li n . . . d S e We to e NG N ; d or p lt , ; n E T i . l to i lin n F A . f W . W l to . . 5 T he D E 0 . y , ; , , p . orm

the e s and the i n A li a S . e Wel we . w e is old t b st ; a s rs to g, ‘ ’ w- ee T h the n S ee . e e e was ww willo tr s s probably illo farm .

n n un e - EY o f e h un e e L W t e n e of xpla atio , d r , ill y , as am a h dr d

(p .

T E n — M I O in th . e n P n S e e . e un W . Y NG N , N cor r, ar ddi gto p lt l R B M . i n A . n n n . D. m m i W eto e . W n C imnt ne . m W e o e to W e to , ; , ; , y , ; F A n n l v l m i R W n mto . W C . o . in n n to e . . m W to m . We g g , ; y , , ii ; y , y l T A HR vo he n a n S . n . . . . e e e n u . in to e g , , ii vid c plai ly s gg sts n f W B W en . o u . t no un e W form ima m, g ima s ch am as ima is n a n fo r w h the W or e w. n e u k o It y sta d ilma, may s ppos t at

o ld and een u n e f na e e m is , has b m ch co tract d ; p rhaps rom

mnd T e e no l s e o d t r n Wig u. h r is auhority fo the alt er ative p ll W nnin ton in e in . g y g , as K lly

4 T R E 3 . E .

IX T REE the n o f un e The a e n in W AM e . O ly , am a h dr d pl c

h ns 1 n S e Wi hes an but t e e e e . now c t e itself is lost ; s s c rtai p lt fﬁ iw ‘ th u E e n e W to estr B. we e . w to e uD. s s o t , , h r s x is , a plac ; ,

r F A w r H R wthe e n W on s e . . wn st e . . c e t W to e g , ; y , ; ith v ry commo f f r T h D B n i h stan e en o o t e . e W c e clerical error c . . sp lli g vid tly mn th n A ik n n f o f e . S e e se n W esta . e r pr ts , a Norma orm com o am

or n un e i war and stai n n an ihsta w e i st W . Wg , compo d d of g , , , sto hs en e e a the e T he A . S . is oft r plac d by , so that lat r form ue e e en ih n h n s n I t e A C e won W ta S . Wi t . . acc rat ly r pr s ts hro icl , - - 61 HE S FFI ES A E ELL. T U X W D , W un hs an s s e We ohstan and e the e 800 Wi t d r dat , is al o p lt ‘ W ’ ’ Weo x tan T x mtree e n i stan s ee . h n e Wi a . e am m a s g tr

44 WA E . D .

wh e s e can Wa h A e e de t e . wee S . d is , a ford , a plac r a tr am b w e e wd h u n wbut not e t e e ad d thro gh , cog at ith ( borro from) n uu ad m Lati , a ford .

BI LE A h n e un e — S E t wn and t e d S e t GG W D , a o , am of a h dr p l

D E n Pi h l swan l uu s e e us ad d Biche es ade . . c e e e e en , ; al o, rro o ly , , v

r E i l swH R Bik k a l B e d . . e s a E T h l uud D. w Bi es o e . e e de . . c e , ; , ; , ,

M i l T N T he eﬁ n we an B s a e . . A A . wd c e . S . . , , pr x a s rs to n h w mB B l d n n n na i l s e i ue t e e B i a c e . ec c for , g of , imi tiv of k o m , w n t weet had n i T n o he Bi o S . m l . ce hich , accordi g , a lo g

in e E h - u e Bi h l n s but t e h s n w wu e e u o ld b com c lat r gli h , o d o ld n h n mi in w B cl the be ese e i t e e . es e e e the pr rv d g for , hich b for u wu d wube e in A . S . e be n l e o ld dropp d , tho gh it o ld r a ily r i

a n T he n e us t at ﬁ s v serted by Norma scribe . old am m r t ha e ’ n n as Bi kl wd and the n n ue c es a e k ee c to b pro o c d , voici g of gg ’ ’ T h is Bi c el s e e en e . took plac e lat r . s s ford

4 WELL 5 . .

wIckwell R w w As in H e e S e e ol ll, , ad ll, ll .

OL ELL ne S n n the E — M s H . e H w W ; ar hilli gto , to i sp lt oly ell ’ s At S e Holewll D E R B in P . e e . . . R . . C . Holewll e hilip las p lt , , , ; , R We ﬁnd t C . oe Hol in lwll . Ho e e ewll T N . e e . e te ; , a lat char r, n n m 21 1 a d a e e in e e . to Holan wll w e K mbl , vi ; arli r for y , ith H we in o e e en e e e in B C r f r c p rhaps to ol ll Oxf rdshir , irch , art . h t He h lan e da . f h 8 . e o t o l 5 6 o . n . . w S and axo ii r is , adj , hollo ,

‘ h dat o f wll wel T he en i wlle t e . . e s the o w y is y , a l s s at h llo ’ we in the t e se . ll ; da iv ca

' i n orthill — e I k e K WELL e . S e ewll f IC ; N ( K lly) p lt e ( o r Yeke h ll ll w A i we e wa t f r G e e e G o wll E . e e A M ) , , n ( i h .

an u an i k e d s En . els e e e T he M id. e g g , y , m s a c ckoo, d riv d from o h ma T k s s u . e w the A . S . ea o e ene ile g , a c ck o for y hort d to p , n was e s e e t s u and then the i itial g dropp d ; hi ill strate d unde r ‘ ’ h u - T e n e we L e . N ORT HI L (p . s s is c ckoo ll 6 2 T HE PLACE- AM E O F E FO R S N S B D D HIRE.

R A ELL the N f M n E n t — S e R a de l W. o e uu el e DW ; to . ilto r s p lt , E D. R a d N h v . l R vel T . e t wll F. u e e e A ade . e ; , , I a disc ss d his

n e we fe e n R win H tw e e e . we e e o am ith r r c to ad ll rts , h r I giv " ’ ’ ‘ ut n . n mr e t mea s R da e o r ed e ae S w e e S sol io s It i h r ll , ls i ply ’ we ll . I b elie ve the latter is right ; s ee the notice o f Red bo u rn st k un de h n e o e t e e S T O E . , r h adi g K (p

S E ELL in H u n Re h W ; o ghto gis ( K elly) ; near T o tern oe . r Ke lly note s that Houghton Regis church contains an e fﬁgy o f

ir n w S J e e n B t S . u w S e e wa ﬁ e s oh ll , k ight ll at rst a plac ’ mn ‘ n e a d s e t S wll in D B d ewlle S e e e e . . e J . e a , is p l ; compar oh ,

F. A And wﬁnd u e be uwll in A M . e it as S e e e a I s ppos it to

' ’ ’ the s a e he A f s w e nt n S . an lle i . . S a e e t . w e m as n g , y ll, m io d In H n n B . . 4 44 . e 8 se e . S . e 93 C a a ts chart r dat d ; irch , art axo ii

T he A w i n a S . an e n nd . n ould b come S eue (S eve) Norma ;

th s t T h A e e S . an vewll o ll . e . pa sag from S e e S ewe is easy n

th en f f no t w e o S a s m e e n n e e is wg . y , a p r o al a that is oth r is n n uit f be e e S eo eca . k o , tho gh may possibly r lat d to

4 I 6 W OK . .

wH d i AS in A w wan H nwi k c . st ick , Flit ick; ard ick ,

s n s the n w e e e A S wi a e not t e W . c ick r pr t , villag ; a a iv ord , t o we La ui u. s but b rro d from . c

— F n E ilce . A e e E D E. w i h . st S T IC . s uu A S t c e W K p lt , , It m a s ’ e e ast villag .

the e — S e FLIT WICK ; bounde d o n the S . by riv r Flitt p lt

w F wk T . Fl i o r D B l tte N . tte i h t f . . e e w l uuc ct tt c F cte e ( i h ) , ; g , ; g ,

F k . e n e M le . . ilc A . w te T Flittewe . E . , ; g , I p m It m a s villag by ’ ’ e n r n s th A . l ct h T he e Flet re e se t e S . t e . e Flitt sp lli g p f , a

t S e e the e on LIT T O . s ream . r marks F N (p

— t Herd i I h m. e w HAR C to t e W o f e e S c S . DW K, F l rsham p l ,

n A . l d ik F A H wi . S Her . C . v . w H R o . . . , ii ; , ard ick ambs is from ’ - f T he sense e e . e e are heorde e or . , a h rd lock is h rd villag Th r

v H ws . s e eral ard ick

— uuH n a n uui Hen ic ome Pu n H e c e HINWICK ne , ar ddi gto , , v l R . l . F A n o . n i H wi . k . . c C D E. w n uh He e e e e H ui c . uui ch e , e , ; , ; , , ii

E- AM E F E F R I E 64 T HE PLAC N S O B D O DS H R .

- ur D E Ai D YW e Ai ude . . uu E O RT H. S e o sse rd E o e . . p lt , also , ; E T N . W m F. A. e a E r H R E wrth T . . . wo h . . o t e y , ; y , , , y h ﬁ E wthe e ﬁ in the f o compare t e pre x g ith pr x old orms f ‘ ’ B A and e n an - EAT ON R Y (p . so xplai it as isl d farm .

r h o n n e we en wo e and E wo t t y is a promo tory b t riv rs, has

t o n th n and u- h e e T i m . e A sse strea s bo h orth so th ast form uurde r e e n t in e the o , if co r ct , is hard to xplai so tha , that cas , ' f n v But mr mains u e . na e e s sol d it is probably a mi tak e .

we en ffe and — T H e H e TEBWO R ; b t ockli Chalgrave . S p lt wh fo r T A M h T . T b r h r h . u T bwt e bewt e Teb rth he o o e ( ith ) , ; also , , he h n e un e t A. . S t e u T b M ban A . eo Fort at ly, form of am occ rs as i wrthe in the . e n e e n to C e and y , dat cas , a chart r r lati g halgrav te 92 6 see B T S n. . 35 . w C . e 3 u T b orth , da d ; irch , art axo ii h s ‘ ’ ’ T e o bba s the sense is farm .

T H t the N f n — OR o . o u M e il ILS W. e P wd T . e or e W ; D stabl issp lt , h H R T a wort . . us r T les e le wo th Tul r h F A E l sw . T D. . e o t . oles ; , ; , , ; T h n n S . n n h E e A . w ﬁ R . e us t e worthe e , o ly k o am that s it pr x ’ ’ l un i n ‘ Ta e Tu l s r T el s i A S . e mu the . e 5 n is g , occ rri g g , g moor, e 1 044 see e 8 e o . 0 . . e C d . . 9 As a chart r dat d K mbl , Dipl iv , l

s w a n u ws n i e e a d i S . e e e n the A . g ch a ord a m r glid , disapp ar d n uso t t t e h n A. i l the ee e . t e S . t e e e til thirt h c t ry ( ha , g g b cam e f h u n t e M u h T o C t e A. u l s 1 5 3 S . wu 3 e e in . l rsor di) , g o ld e Tuin H T in e les R . he T l sw n ec essarily b com 0 o e orthe is due

e nt use o f fo r u o u n s A to the fre q by Norma scribe . like ly ’ ’ T uel s B t n w . u o f ue sense Tils orth is g farm this is o ly a g ss . A an S . f ﬁnd u . Tull wuﬁ u t r we e e . If co ld s ch orm as , it o ld b tt

a Tull we a . We ﬁnd the k form

RT H e t u d ar O . ra e ur T LI S e o e W a t u S W e ur WRE o de NGW p lt , , E T ’ h F A. l r h . r R . i n l e a l wrt . . in wt W st o C . vo l B. Wras . . D. ; g , ; g , , , ii ;

h n s in D B ar T e e . e r h HR . u l n wo t e e rest i W g , sp lli g val l ss , h n o f the n e e w owing to t e i ability Norma scrib to d al ith the h f n e wr t e use o ar r e n ut wwe un b . T he so d , , to d ot is striki g

n is in wr h e n n f e Wroestl a o t o f . h uA. S t e tr e sp lli g g , m a i g arm ’ h n W l raestel is Wraestlings o r of t e so s of raes te . W a scarce Wraestles in the e -n the n . u u e e r e b t W oestles nam , g occ rs plac am ’ r l s B n W aeste . S 5 C . 5 . T h ll i . e. . 3 he y , hill ; irch , art axo ii ’ ‘ n w n wroes o ho w r t w t a se e tel e e o s s but e lit r l s of is r s s t i , it T HE S FFI - AT E 65 U X Y . ve r h uu n s f wt e e th e e we o e e y lik ly had s s of r tl r, hich s al form wr th e n e ees l r T e e nnexion e t e . w is e h r is a real cO ith mod r v rbs t wr n o estle a d to wr s e t.

4 A E 9 . T Y .

Ya is the A te . S . M e . at . us In e e g , a gat It occ r arkyat

M AR AT E ns e e in 1 8 7 — e M ark e 9 . S KY ; tra f rr d to H rts . p lt E T n ate . . . . . e e M te S ee e y , , I p m Form rly call d arkya tr t, oft n e M u e S e e us es o n the e e co tract d to ark t tr t, b ca it li famo s old ’ e n un W S e T h r n e . e w e ma road call d atli g tr t ord k m a s bo dary ; ‘ ’ and the en e un h un a e on t e s s is bo dary g t . It is just bo dary e wn ee Be and He s b t ds . rt .

M I L 50 . S CE LA EO S AM ES N U N .

All the principal nam es that involve disti nct sufﬁxes o r e e n u ma e n e e A f b e e e . ewe pith ts hav b disc ss d mor y ot d ; of the e ar o f e o n e en e most plac s e littl c s quc .

BEADLOW ne — I ﬁnd 'no e en n o f ; ar Clophill . arly m tio it ;

’ ‘ ’ but B ua e en A B e S n hlaé i . e. e . w eda it probably r pr s ts . , da s b ri l ’ un - B . . S ee un and LOW e e OR mo d dford ( d r F D , p . (p

BROGBOROW r BR B R — Br bo h M e o O G O OU GH. o rou , g g iddl Farm he R he s e n t . n I A v l . t e n F. . o . li s to N of idgmo t . , ii , p lli gs

Br bur and Br ur w e n e to a a e in oe o b u e e g g g occ r , ith r f r c pl c

H d O no o uB bo r h s n s an e S ro o erefor shire . d bt g ug ta d for old r k r h we B n o f B as in Bro bo ou e s e e g , h r rok is a hort d form rook ,

s In Bro o r uh the Broekeber e e es . b o oth r ca fact, g g is probably g ’ - M 1 1 . n n in A . . 7 T h en e me tio ed iii . e s s is brook fort

— R E T he efe en e is B OOM in ul Br m. R S . S e o ; o thil p lt , r r c l t S Imhe n e . p y to pla t so call d

- E f un S e HILT ER e n een es the S . o . C N . Chilt r Gr li to L to p lt 1 In B Cil rn in the the e 009 . te A S . n e un e . C hro icl , d r dat irch , l u n en e Ci te wdu C . S 2 e e i . . 5 e e . . e art axo iii , th r is a r f r c to , ’ i ‘ il Ci l umb . d o o and n 4 1 5 te e . e C te ; agai , at p . , to c , n l rn unde ow Ci te f Chilcombe is compo d o

Cil an ue t n te d oern ern s e , , a mall ho s , habi atio , cottag . O t I S . c a ve S eri es . N o . X LI . 5 - HI E 66 T HE PLACE NAM ES O F B EDFO RDS R .

n Cilt e fe n ne n t n w. T he m eaning of Cilte is o k o looks lik a mi i in - e n n e w en e e. p rso al am , ith a g itiv

— o f wh nd r nu e e END T h ere a e a large mber of plac s iuch T he n ﬁ n o f or n forms a part . sig i catio is that limit bo dary , In the e nn n or end o f e e o f e and the e . b gi i g a pi c prop rty, lik h n e T e e wu t e e . n we e e most cas s, local k o l dg ill s pply s s h r is a ’ u n n e uT e in the f se i ue e e o C C good xampl its ha c r s a t rb ry al s , ’ ‘ 1 As e we e e n rin e thro es 2 : w t P s n P ue . ar o s rolog , l r g at a p ’ h ﬁ nn n f we n t e e o e . e n e i we e . e. d , as r arrivi g at rst b gi i g a villag n mn n M ost of the e xample s need no e xplanatio ; I ay i sta ce

Box End B End B e End H End en End , rook , ridg , atch , Kitch ,

W End etc . ood ,

H HAWN s — T h t e the e f S e A ES E . e . YN , or la t r is old r orm p lt

E F A . . Ha nes . aun T Hawnes . w Ha D B H es . . e . enes . . g , ; , ; , ; , I p m n m the n S n f o Ha n e be e e . . e It app ars to g itiv i g rom a g , a n n e h ame o r e n e u wh t e en perso al am ; ord , hom , som thi g q ival t,

ﬁnd the e Ha n he e n . no u e We t e b t t b i g omitt d do xact form g , a e f u w an f we Ha ena e lli d ak orm g occ rs thric , ith vari t orms a and e s n n e Al the Ha ana H ena Ha ana . g , g , g ; all p r o al am s so, be h n en ni Ha an w . Ha a Lati g . g , as if from g , hich may rig t

Th n e n E e u and e e f A . aw S . a cha g rom . g to mod r is r g lar n commo .

H LM E — H mnd H e li O e a een e the o f olm Far olm Gr to S . B e we e e he n e m hel e e the iggl s ad . Th y tak t ir am from a b sid e e T he n e n n o f h lman n b . e ut riv r Iv l origi al m a i g is isla d , it is

e e o f lo w- n un r also appli d to a pi ce ﬂat lyi g gro d by a rive or un i e ue u n e o N e e f ewEn str am , s bm rg d or s rro d d tim ﬂood ( g. i h s h l D et . t e m e o r won e e . S e ) From Nor , a m ado a shor p lt H lmF A l He o e . . m , ; ,

HYDE — We H e e th o f un H e S . oo P st yd li s to L to ark .

T he n e H the e w de wn e f e we o hide am y is sam ord as h sp ak a , uof A . S . hi id o f n . or e e n . e m as r la d From g , a hid la d

H - n in H t n f E S ORT . e u b e e to B . e . K N W Origi ally rts , tra s rr d ds

' 8 T he eﬁ e e en h A ca n in 1 9 7 . t e . n e . f S e es . o cén pr x r pr s ts , g , B t CE the n E k n. u w e . ee n was u hich is mod r se d as a personal W ‘ ’ ’ me . e e n na may xplai it by Kee n s farm ; as Keen is a n n e perso al am still . EO AM ES 67 M IS CELLAN US N .

— wh l in M n B nn PICK S HILL ne r u S e Pi i l ; a T rvey . p lt ag a rita ia S e t absurdly s pelt Pi etshill (l) in the Ordnance map . p l

i en . o f h A . P s P k shull F A R E h ﬁ is t e S . ee e e . . . T e e i , , pr x , g un Pi s P a wn n E Pik e . ee i e n e the e . e , s ri g to mod r as a s r am 1 uthe en e 7 . u D l mtarium. in e i o a 6 occ rs Thorp , p , p Th s s s is ’ ’ e Pik s hill .

— e lie to the REACH Heath and Reach form a parish . Th y f i mwas e t R he in o e n ua Re n . ee B zz . C N . L ighto rd ach a bs sp l in 1 2 7 H R It the e the e n E. rea h 9 . w , is sam ord as mod r c , h un t e e n e o f e en n e e n n e e . s s xt sio , xt t, ra g , or str tch of co try

R — h W of S u O E R ne W en t e S . WN Y . owy arr is to o thill

o t ue an s n P h e n . ut e e ark Tho gh imm diat district is q it i la d , m n e on the uu n ue we it is ch s rro d d by at r, havi g str ams both

n and Ruhe in R we e t us e It e n e C or h so th id s . is sp lt y ; h r

h i s n h M id . En an e e un n S e t e . e e e e y a fr q t Norma p lli g of g y ,

s n r n uun a e T he o e e e w. i la d , a pi c of la d partially s rro d d by t r e n t in Run was n a nd it n wt he u RowS sp lli g ho s hat lo g ;

en th or un dat o f ruh A n e e e . S . ruwa r a . probably r pr s ts g , ,

u a t e h mn - n e is e n i e n me ro gh pi h t t at r markably co mo plac a s . K ml ’ e e n s s r u n b s e wuwan n l run h o w e a a mma s I d x ho , ro gh k oll , , u n e u r o u e e uan di e rua n he u e ro gh clos r s , g , r gh dik , g g , ro gh

' e e ruan hlin u n r wan léah o r e u r n ua le ah h dg , g , ro gh li ch , , u l e T he s sense o f r h as e a etc . uu u n ro gh , al , r gards la d , is ’ ‘ un u ‘ e us h s n o f R wne un t e e e v c ltivat d . Th s o y is culti ate d ’ n u e uun A is uit e we S is n i h . t e tract, arly s rro d d by at r s al ,

e u the n A ve n e w n . n n e dativ cas , hich acco ts for ry striki g i sta c use uin N nhamwe S of n ew e H wn e t e of a imilar occ rs , h r is h e of N w dativ e .

S E T O S ne W en — M r A en ﬁe w X N ar ild iry rightly id ti s it ith

r s n in DB e resdone e e ent an En S eg e do e . This S g r pr s s glish

h n nd n s er in e e n o f t e 0 . e a e este no w p rv rsio Fr ch Norma , spelt

s x s s n n m e on wwa ue e e t . e n , hich al o s d as a p rso al a It m a s was n e wne n n e S eerest in that it o c o d by a Norma am d e .

S OM ERIES ARM the un — h F ; to S E of L to . From t e p ersonal n e omr S e e t an umr in S omr d e e S F A w e e we am y, sp l y y ; h r ﬁnd en n h n m n t e u e de o mer S w S S om m tio of s r a y, ho i g that ery

u - e s een e n e . omr e e n b S e e an A had pr vio ly a plac am y r pr s ts . S . 68 T HE PLACE- AM ES O F E FO HI E N B D RDS R .

’ u - e s mr 77 u e h n e e e n C t e e S g, s mm r isla d . ompar plac am s om r mn S e a d n e S e . cot s, o rford , om rto

R n — D E E n . S S n S e S ubberie . UDBU Y a ma or of ato oco p lt , ; h ’ T N ‘ ’ ubur . . e n t S u ut i . e. S t u C e S , Lit rally, o h b ry . ompar t o , u ’ so th town.

T HIC KT HO — M en n in n B nn 1 7 RN . tio ed M ag a rita ia (

T hick' h rn u T h o the o f H u n C n e . e t Farm is to N . o ghto o q st n u se se is obvio s .

T HO R in H u n R u e T he en e . N ; o ghto gis ( Kelly) . s s is obvio s

T I R IT H n e We n n and H n n — S e Ti n rei NG ; ar sto i g arli gto p lt g , M F . i . A Tin r T A A D. E. Tin r e . R A in ri . . e C . . ; g , F ; g y , , F ; g , , A M Tin riz I m N e h . . e . H e he n Ti n rit e . . e t g , ; g , p r orma scrib s

u e the ﬁn th w unot ﬁ u e s ally dropp d al , hich th y co ld at rst ne e n en u n z un e o u ue the n pro o c ; of th m i g io sly s bstit t s Norma ,

n B t En n Tin rithe wa ue s . u w s t t he e hich so d d as glish sp lli g g T he n e e en fﬁ ue Tin not an s i right . am pr s ts di c lti s . g is ut th n e b h n n e u n f A S . t i E w e e o . glish ord , Da ish q ival t g, a plac E i h u Ri i s th ri h A. . r t h . . t e S o f e e n a . t e e m ti g, co rt prov , , f ml ‘ wre t e e e m. T he nse ri the e . e masc . , , , a s a l str am s is s r am h ’ n was n e e Tin u n in T n -le a m eeti g (o c ) h ld . g occ rs agai i g y

n in e B s wand in n - w Jun t c io , Yorkshir ( rad ha ) , Ti g all Kirk ,

i he e n T he f D n in wn t S e . e o ne e ar L r ick , h tla d Isl s trac s a ish u n f b t o e o t e Be . are e S . ds v ry light , this is h m

PB RY e wen Pul and W e P — U U e k S e U , b t l oxhill r st ar p lt p

‘ ’ berry in M agna Britannia Up m e ans high up or ’ ‘ nd ee B R A s . high . U Y (p

T R - h WRES PA . e W raste aml K Form rly rast ; W et

ras en a of P en R Edw t C . H R . m W . . ; al d r at t olls, I Fro

’ n n A n S . r s e e e en e e . w Wrast eé t . as a p rso al am , obl , xc ll t

5 1 REM A S R . . K

I . a d fewn n h d a ote s o some o f t e Norman spellings found in D and in e o f h e B . t e e e som oth r arly r cords .

T he we e two o r e e ue e me re r e vo l has thr val s . It som ti s p h n A S . in D se t t e . e n fo r A e e e n . . u e e S den s , as , D a , ; som tim s

' t e A. s in h S . a M elebro fo r ml n re and e n e e b e e e y, y e ; som tim s v 69 CO NCLUDING REM ARKS .

In o n n n e A a l . e i l r . S . c h A. a n Ce aee ce t e S . e , as g from i sta c it

n M eEZdun M n . i M ld n the A . n ee as e o e e e en S . r pr s ts lo g , for , aldo h us A e e n u . ue e t e S . h w e T e e o vo l is fr q tly s d for , p cially

- S . n. un s in f r A. u h nue e ne o t e e n in t e to b for ; as m ro s am ,

— m T he chie f peculiaritie s o f Anglo French spelling are enue 1 E m4 . 7 e at the end o f tes o n n s E . rat d my No gli h ty ology, p mn n h se e n t m u t e e e e e e e e I h r o ic so xa pl s, mb ri g ca s as th y are numbered th ere

1 mn m e n t h en e e e . Nor a scribes so tim s dropp d i i ial ; h c

- l in D in D f r A h ll A Clo el e B . mll B . o m A ete e et e e , mpthill ; p for

- - l Wad hell e . Clo hel e C Wa delle in DB . e p , lophill ; for , Od ll

2 e e s h in S rnebro S n o . w s e e Th y rot for ; as , har bro k ;

r ff t mn r ﬁ in as S e o d S e s e e e e e x E in Eseltone pf , h ord ; om i s v p g , ,

n In th 3 as in e t . mw w S e e t e e 3 Bisso es h l o iddl of a ord h y rot , p

fo r Bisho o t r B eot psc o iscot .

5 e t n w n e e e e e n . Th y of dropp d b for 0 ; he c Wootto ap s i h DB e . as n p ar 0 to e.

. w h as a fﬁ ut un m 9 C t t e e esen e di c l so d for h , as it r pr t d the A h . e . . m S t e e s w Th y so tim rote st for it ; as in Lestene in

D f r B . o e n L ighto . 1 0 l . n wa fﬁ u n d s H e Cr n l in . e a l D B Fi al di c lt c fe e . for A S . . Cra n eld Cranﬁeld f , . 1 2 . n nd s o ms H n i Fi al e time be came n. e c e Chieesane n DB hi k . C c sand for . 1 3 . e u tu n H n l i e n . e e Co dentone n DB Th y s bsti t d for g c . fo r n t n Goldi g o .

1 4 F r ﬁ . o n th s m t e e es we h w t n ot al y om ti rot , hich did

e e ent the E th as in a h bu h n . e t t n un r prws ( ) a stro gly pro o ced t e an a te o r s u H en follo d by spira slight pl tt er . c e S ethlindone in DB . S n n m t t e h for hi li g o . This r arkable form as S fo r S h

se e fo r A e S . se e h f ( . y ( above) ; t for t ; n o r ng ( see and o fo r A . us S . ee e ( abov ) .

We s n e the use o f f r che o he and ee fo r che in may al o ot , , as e n a n He n D B . e . . Peehesdone for Peleesdone mod r It lia c has ,

Pe sdo n Boehestone -R okesdone R n A ehelei f r g ; for , oxto ; o

5— 3 - O F E F R S IR E 7 0 T HE PLACE N AM ES B D O D H .

Akelei e and n e e Cel raee for Chel raee C , Oakl y ; co v rs ly, g g , hal

grave .

L CO NC US IO N .

T he chie f point to be noted as to -the place - nam e s o f

n s e T e s o f Bedfordshire is th eir thoroughly E gli h charact r. rac

fore igninﬂuence are indee d S light . f n n uen e uin t e T he n e o S e o ly trac s Lati i ﬂ c occ r r atl y ,

M a s n e n e M e S t n and e S e e . ratto , ark t tr t a oth r am for arkyat T h u e f n n e mi ll and wi k are o w c ords also ltimat ly Lati origi ; and th i Bi tt ee Ce t e e e wi h n sco . u ord b s op ( ) is Gr k Of l ic ( xcl siv o f name s applie d to rivers) the only traces occur i n Te mpsford

- mv th n ms in n th ( from e rive r a e Tham e ) ; Campto (if fro e ri e r n e C e in un the n e o f the Lea o f Ce am am l) ; L to , if am is ltic

n nd s in th e ﬁ o f en u T h a e e . e w origi ; p rhap pr x Grav h rst ord d n n uﬁ - as i owwe the d n w n e e o C . , h c s f x , origi ally lt c

n n v n th a are w e S e e e e e e S Of ca di a ia , tr c s lik is xtr m ly light .

T he n t e e are he eﬁ e in B ln - u - n t o C to most o ic abl pr x s h rst, arl , a nd n - a h mm d t e n e H e Ti g rith ; n a ol .

e t wen he x ns s n t th e t we t e e e e S e Of im s h a o r ill h ath s , h r s e e m to be traces i n S undon a nd Thurleigh ; and c ertainly in n Harrowde .

the ns we o we the n o f he To Norma probably origi al form t

e ﬁxes in M e e s M e n e and S t s en and the pr pp r hall , ogg rha g r ag d n e ns mn s e e e e are e am of S xto . Of Nor a famili th r s veral t in the n E n B H u n n e e C ue rac s , as am s of ato ray, o ghto o q st,

H n e n Bu M t n M rt n o e e M n igham Gobio , L ighto zzard, ars o y , ilto

M t n E n s an ne H t B n e d C e . rya t, il o r t , ockay a l y

B h o n mr h ut ne t e st f the a e w En arly all e r a es olly glish in e o f ee and the ee e t t o f Hun s ; , wr gard sp ch sp ch lik ha t , as the e M e n An es And Be e that of arly rcia gl . dfordshir is

ewse e n t n e n the n lik i c rtai ly o be i clud d amo g coutie s which have he lpe d to form the standard literary language of the

B i h mr n E e a d f t e n f m o h U e S te o A e r tis pi it d ta s rica .

- E 72 T HE PLACE NAM ES O F B EDFO RDS HIR .

d s 1 2 Heat 28 i h , h , Hen o w40 wn - n 1 3 do , do , l , m26 a ns tab e 43 H , Du l , igh - 2 8 nto n 49 hill, Du , wi ck 62 Hin ,

Hoc ffe 8 Eastco tts , 9 kli , 4 -ho e 29 Eato n , 9 ,

Eato n ra 49 B ol co te 1 0 B y, , me 66 n 4 Ho Eato n S o co , 9 l ,

o uh - o t 32 Eddle sbor g , 5 h l , we 61 Edwort 63 Ho h , l ll , E n to n 59 Hone do n 1 5 ggi g , y , w44 Ho to n Con est 50 E sto , l , ugh qu End 6 6 Ho to n Re s 50 , ugh gi , H wbur 8 Evers o t 33 o h l , y , Everto n 50 - rst 3 3 , hu , - 1 n Crawe 5 e 7 H sbor e y, u l y, E wo rth 64 H de 66 y , y ,

kwell 61 Ic ,

- 33 ill,

-in 34 g,

- n ingto , 57

msto n 50 e K p ,

wr ens o t 66 K h , e so e 3 0 K y , no tt n 3 5 K i g ,

Girtford 20 - a e 3 6 , l k , lad 37 Lan ford 20 G ly , g , o d n to n 58 Lea rave 22 G l i g , g , - rave 22 Le to n zzard g , igh Bu ,

Graven rst 33 -le 36 hu , y , L d n ton 58 i li g ,

- a e 23 mb r 8 L h l , i u y,

- -l o w3 m24 9 h a , ,

- an er 27 L to n 52 h g , u , Hardwc 2 6 i k , Har n to n 1 4 M anshead 2 7 li g , , Harro d 63 M ar ate 65 l , ky , Harro wden 1 4 M arsto n M o rte ne 54 , y ,

Hatc 2 7 M arsto n F n e 35 54 h , illi g , , Hat e 3 7 M a den 1 5 l y , ul , -m Hawnes 66 e d 4 , a , 0

Ha nes 66 M e c bo rne 6 y , l h u , - ead 27 M e ers a 23 h , pp h ll , I DE 7 N X . 3

M bro o 7 ill k, M illow30 , M illowbur 8 y,

M ton 54 il , M o er an er 2 gg h g , 7 -m4 1 o nt u ,

ares ad 3 7 N Gl ly, ort 34 N hill,

Radwe 2 6 ll , R aven sden , 1 0

Beach , 67

Redbournestok 6 e , ,

Ren o d 24 T ebwor 64 t h l , h , R m1 id ount 4 T mrd 2 1 e s o g , p f , R sele 38 T hickth orn 68 i y , , Rown e 67 T orn 68 y, h , Ro xton 1 6 T horncote 1 0 , ,

Bux x 1 - o 6 t or e 46 , h p , T r End 46 h up , T r e 39 hu l igh, T broo 7 il k , T swr 4 o t 6 il h , T n r t 68 i g i h , T o dd n ton 58 i g ,

T otternh o , 32

-town -ton , ,

- tree , 61 T urvey; 17 T HE PLACE- AM ES O F EDFO R S HIR E N B D .

ixamr W t ee 60 ,

Wob rn 6 u , -wade 61 - wo d 63 , l , r n 1 Wa de , 7 Wo o tto n, 55

-w6 1 t li e Woo ton Pil n e 36 ll, g , sto n In 36 55 -wor We t 63 g , , h, W snade 43 Wrest ar 68 hip , P k, -wc 62 res n r 4 W t wo t 6 i k, li g h, W d n 1 1 Wroxhill 2 il e , , 9 W e 39 W bo ston 56 ill y, y , n ton 60 mn n W W to 60 illi g , y i g , mst ad 44 s a e Wil h , W stead 44 - ate 65 il , y , Win ﬁeld 1 8 Y e den Ye den 1 2 g , i l , l ,

CAM BRIDGE PRI T E O A M . A AT T HE U IVER S IT Y RE : N D BY J HN CL Y , . N P SS . I A A I Y C AM BR DGE NT IQ UARI N S O C ET . E EN T B AT N S R C PU LIC IO .

BIOGRA PHICA N T ES ON T HE I RARIANS OF T R INIT XXIX . L O L B Y ’ E R D I B ERT COLLEGE ON S IR DWA S T AN HOPE S FOUNDAT ON . y ROB D x ii 8 3 S IN ER D 6 1 89 3 6d n et. 7 . . . K , . . pp . .

AN N DEX T o T HE EPORT S AN D A ST RACT S ET C . 1 840 XXX . I R B — vi 8 1 8 33 6d net. 1 89 . x 0. 98 . : . 7 pp . B T HE RIORY OF S AINT ADEGUND CAM RIDGE. XXXI . P R , B y ii a ill tra ti ons i n the A RT H R GRA M . A . . v i 1 9 lan nd us U Y, pp 7 p

5 n et. tex t. 1 898 . 3 .

’ T HE S RC ES F A CH IS H P AR ER S C ECT ION XXXII. OU O R B O P K OLL B M F M S S . AT RPU HRIS T I EGE AM RIDGE . . O CO S C C C . OLL , B y R Li 4 AM ES tt D. 8 1 8 9 5 9 3 . net. J , . pp . . . ‘ THE M ANUS CRIPT S I T HE I RAR AT AM ET H XXXIII. N L B Y L B

6d . . B M . A E 33 . n et A E Litt. D. 64 1 900 A C . . M S . . P L y R J , pp .

. I ER DE OBIT IBUS CHRIS T CHURCH CANT ER UR XXXIV L B , B Y", H T E — 2 th R ev W . AU T ORE O . S N 1 4 1 5 1 4 Edit b e . J O [ 7 ed y G.

M . E 1 . A . 96 1 902 . 5s . net S EAR . . L , pp XXXV A CCOUNT S O F T HE CHURCHWARDENS OF S AINT M ARY H R E ite b E F viii + 5 98 1 T E G EAT . d d . OST ER M A . 905 . y J . , . .

2 1 t. 3 . ne

' A I GE H -NA B th . C M R D S IRE ACE M ES . e R ev W W. . XXXVI B PL y . Litt D 8 t EAT 0 1 9 1 . 3 3 . 6d ne . . 0 . S . . . K , pp A CA EN DAR OF T HE FEET OF FIN ES F R H NT IN G XXXVII . L O U T R B E B T INGE M A . an G . . R I n th DONS HIR . C . . d U NE A . e y J . Y, , I , .

T HE ERS ES FORM ER INS CRI ED ON T HE TWEL E XXXVIII . V LY B V

WINDOWS IN T HE CHOIR OF CANT ERBURY CAT HEDRAL . Edited by D 4 2 1 2 M i t . L t . . 90 1 . 3 net . AM ES . . R. J , pp .

Edited b M R BAT CAM RIDGE GmECORDS . A E XXXIX . B R y Y wa fac v N ith e b the R NN AM D D . 1 S O W G . 6 e 7 . e CU IN H . , pr y . . , pp

1 3 6 n t. 90 . 3 . d e 7 .

. A N NA S O F GON I E AN D CAIU S CO LEGE b OHN XL L V LL L , y J A dit b xiii 4 3 1 4 C IUS . E ed EN S c D 1 . 0 . 1 53 . ne . N . + 9 t. y J V , . pp. T HE CHAP AINS A D T HE CHAPE OF T HE N I ER IT XLI . L N L U V S Y

LL D . i OF CAM RIDGE 1 25 6 B H. . S T O ES . . vi i B ( y P K , pp 5 1 00 la t 1 5 . n t es 906 3 e . p . . E T A P B AT ON S X R U LIC I . N at ra ui tous to members . g t

LUARD M EM ORIA S ERIE EC RD F T HE N I ER IT T o L S : R O S O U V S Y. be c m o leted in abo t ﬁv lumes v ui s 8 S bscr ber e er e o . m vo M b s p u , , of the S o ciet 1 5 3 y, . “ ’ V ol G A B I HE . C NT AIN N G T R T R A . R CE OO A O OC O S CCOUNT S I K , P AND OT HER RECO RDS OF T HE U NIVERS IT Y O F CAM BR IDGE FOR ' T HE A 1 45 — E R E i ed b S T AN M . A H S 4 1 488 . d t EY LE T E M S A . Y y L , .

. x liV 2 6 . 9 pp + 7 1 3 7 . ’ M an a b o r er who h s ve v r the t o y i g aph a grie d o e fac that C oper s Athena ‘ be an in 1 500 and o ear er l ﬁn in Gr c o -A m n wd e Bo a o t r c g li il a —k s p e ious 488 1 5 1 1 E ite . d d by