MOROCCO A Guide to Its Educational System and Advice for the Admission and Placement of Students Educated in

Kathleen Trayte Freeman International Consultants of Delaware February 2010

My first experience with the Moroccan educational system occurred when I was a Peace Corps volunteer in Morocco in the early 1980s. I taught English at Lycée Hassan Ad-Dakhil in Guercif, a very small town on the main east-west highway about 100 kilometers west of the Algerian border. At that time, Morocco was still in the process of of the curriculum, and the Ministry of had just begun to develop a textbook for English classes at the lycée level. Because there was no textbook available, my roommate and I spent every night creating lesson plans and writing out exercises on large pieces of paper because we were restricted to one stencil per year for mimeographs. I still have the “copy books” for which one student in each class was responsible every week so that the lessons taught were available for students who were absent or needed extra review.

Today, Arabization of the curriculum is complete, and English textbooks have been developed and are in use in all three years of the lycée . Peace Corps volunteers no longer teach at lycées , but rather at teacher training schools where they prepare future teachers of English.

I want to thank the Pioneer Fund and its committee: Rebecca Dixon, Leo Sweeney, and Christine Kerlin, for giving me the opportunity to re-explore my knowledge of the Moroccan educational system. I give particular thanks to Fouzia El-Azari of the AMIDEAST office in and to Chris Bramwell at AMIDEAST’s office in Washington, D.C. Fouzia answered numerous questions, found websites, recruited her niece to do the translations in the glossary, and reviewed the drafts. Merci beaucoup and shukron bizef, Fouzia. Many special thanks to Emily Tse for reviewing the drafts and providing valuable feedback and suggestions.

I also want to thank my friends and colleagues who gave me credential samples:

Emily Tse – International Education Research Foundation Nancy Katz – Evaluation Service, Inc. Marjorie Smith and Laurie Cook – of Denver

This publication is dedicated to the memory of my mother, Mary B. Trayte, R.N. She wasn’t too thrilled that I accepted the Peace Corps nomination to go to Morocco, but she and my dad came to visit me there, and both came to love the country as much I do. She would be very proud of this publication as she was of all the personal and professional accomplishments of her children.

If you encounter mistakes or questions in this publication, please let me know.

Kathleen T. Freeman Senior Global Assessment Specialist International Consultants of Delaware February 2010 [email protected]

Note: Morocco: A Guide to Its Educational System and Advice for the Admission and Placement of Students Educated in Morocco is copyrighted and may not be reproduced for commercial purposes.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction 4

Educational System 4

Language of Instruction 6

Pre-School and Primary School 7

Lower (Collège) 8

Upper Secondary School (Lycée) 9

Post-Secondary Educational Options 12

University Programs 14

Classe Préparatoire 15

Licence-Master-Doctor (L-M-D) 16

Engineering Education 19

Teacher Training 20

Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions 20

French-Arabic-English Glossary 23

List of Post-Secondary Educational Institutions 31

Sample Credentials 46

Resources 50

Admission and Placement Advice 51

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INTRODUCTION

Image from the CIA World Factbook

Royaume du Maroc) sits on the northwest corner of the / ا ا ) The Kingdom of Morocco African continent at the crossroads of Africa and Europe. Separated from Spain by the 14 kilometer-wide Strait of Gibraltar, Morocco is bordered by to the east, the Western Sahara to the south, the North Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north. The population is 34,859,364. Ninety-nine percent of the country is Arab or Berber (Amazigh) and there is a very small Jewish population. Arabic is the official language, but several Berber dialects are also spoken, and French is the de facto language of business and diplomacy. Morocco was the first country to recognize the independence of the United States of America from England.

Human habitation in present-day Morocco can be traced back to 8000 BC. Phoenician traders arrived in the 8 th century BC, and, by 146 BC, the Romans had taken over outposts previously established by the Carthaginians. In the 7 th century AD, the Arab conquest of North Africa was complete and several Moorish dynasties ruled the area of present-day Morocco. By 1860, Spain occupied northern Morocco and, in 1912, France established a protectorate in the remainder of the country. On March 2, 1956, Morocco was granted independence from France and from Spain later that year. In the late 1970s, Morocco annexed the former Spanish Sahara, now known as the Western Sahara, but this annexation has not been recognized by most countries. A referendum in the Western Sahara on independence from Morocco has been repeatedly delayed. The current king, Mohammed VI, was crowned on July 30, 1999. He is the grandson of Mohammed V, who was the king when Morocco was granted independence. King Mohammed VI has made significant improvements in human rights, especially those for women.

EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Administration and Organization Education in Morocco is administered by the Ministry of National Education, , Training and Scientific Research (Ministère de l’Education Nationale, de l’Enseignement Supérieur, de la

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Formation des Cadres et de la Recherche Scientifique). It sets the curriculum and policy, administers external examinations, and provides funding for public institutions.

Prior to the arrival of the French in the 19 th century, education was limited to madrassas (Koranic schools) that were only open to boys beginning at age five. These schools focused on memorization of the Koran. During the French Protectorate, a national educational system was instituted, schools were opened throughout the country, and girls were eventually permitted to enroll. Morocco still follows, for the most part, the educational system established by the French. The Ministry of Education introduced compulsory education in the 1960s, although attendance is not strictly enforced, especially in rural areas. The rate is 52.3% (39.6% for girls).

In October 1999, the Ministry of Education issued the Charte nationale d’education et de formation (National Education and Training Charter) which declared that the years 2000-2009 would be the “Decade of Education” 1. According to the Charter, education would be the country’s number one priority and the educational system would be reformed at all levels. The reformation goals include:

• 90% of all children enrolled in primary school by 2005 • 80% of all children enrolled in collège (lower secondary school) by 2008 • 60% of all children enrolled in lycée (upper secondary school, including professional, technical and ) by 2011 • 40% of all children will earn the baccalauréat (upper secondary school diploma) • Increasing the literacy rate to 80% by 2010 and the complete eradication of illiteracy by 2015

Private Institutions There are many private schools at the primary and secondary level. There are also many private institutions at the post-secondary level that offer vocational and technical programs.

The only private university in Morocco is in . It was established in 1993 and is an American-style university with English as the language of instruction.

Public Institutions The majority of public schools at the primary and secondary level are public. There are 14 public in Morocco.

Grading Morocco uses the French scale of 0-20 with 10 as the lowest passing grade. Grades of 20 are rarely, if ever, awarded. It is said that only Allah gets a 20, only the King gets a 19; therefore, the highest grade usually awarded is 18.

As in all countries that have a French-patterned educational system, the concept of a grade of “D” does not exist in Morocco. However, grades of 8 and 9, which are normally failing grades, may be accepted as a condoned pass (U.S. grade of “D”) provided the overall grade average for the year (moyenne général) is 10.0/20.0 or higher. This is at the discretion of the institution’s administrators, and, at the post- secondary level, students may be required to re-take the course in a future term in order to meet the program requirements.

1 http://www.dfc.gov.ma/Reforme/CHARTE.htm#Espace%20Il%20:%20Organisation%20p%C3%A9dagogique

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Grade Description Translation Suggested US Equivalent

16.0-20.0 Très bien Very good A

14.0-15.9 Bien Good B+

12.0-13.9 Assez bien Good enough B

10.0-11.9 Passable Passing C

0.0-9.9 Ajourné Fail F

Language of Instruction Moroccan Arabic (Darija) , which is spoken by a majority of Moroccans, is a dialect of Classical Arabic which is the language of the Koran. Moroccan Arabic is not a written language, therefore, Classical Arabic is the language of instruction at all levels of education. For approximately one-third of Moroccan students, their first language is one of the three Berber dialects (a language that is not related to Arabic) which are primarily spoken in the mountain regions and the south.

Primary school is when most students are first exposed to Classical Arabic. French was the sole language of instruction until the late-1970s to early 1980s, except for religion classes and language classes, when a movement to “Arabize” the curriculum was introduced. Textbooks were re-written in Arabic, and Arabic became the language of instruction at both the primary and secondary school level. Some classes, such as the , are taught in both Arabic and French. English language is introduced in the first year of upper secondary school (10 th year of education), although when the current educational reforms are complete, English language instruction will begin in the last year of lower secondary school (9 th year of education).

Academic Year Classes begin in mid-September and officially end on June 30. Students who are in the third year of upper secondary school (lycée) usually stop going to class 100 days before the baccalauréat examination to prepare. Elementary and secondary school students who live in rural areas typically return to school at the end of September so that they can help with the fall harvest and planting.

Students attend classes all day Monday through Thursday and on Friday and Saturday mornings.

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Pre-School (Ecole Préscolaire) and Primary School (Ecole Primaire) Chart 1 – Pre-School and Primary School

AGE

12

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Cycle

intermédiataire 10 (Intermediate

Cycle) Ecole Primaire (Primary School) 9 6 years

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Cycle de base 6 (Basic Cycle)

Ecole Préscolaire (Pre-School) 5

2 years

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Basic Cycle (Cycle de base) Each level of education in Morocco is divided into several cycles. The first cycle, Basic Cycle (Cycle de base), is four years and consists of two years of pre-school and the first two years of primary school.

Pre-school (école préscolaire) is two years beginning at age four and is a designed to prepare students for primary school through socialization, self-development, ethics, and through the teaching or practical and artistic subjects. Pre-school is not mandatory, but enrollment is encouraged.

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Primary school (école primaire) is six years beginning at age six and is divided into two cycles: the two- year Basic Cycle, and the four-year Intermediate Cycle (Cycle Intermédiataire) . The objective of primary school is to prepare students for future studies, including a basic knowledge of Islam, good study habits, spatial orientation, and techniques of expression. Arabic is the language of instruction, and the is introduced in the third year.

During the Basic Cycle of primary school, students continue the concepts and behaviors introduced in pre-school, such as socialization, and introduces Classical Arabic as a written and oral language. The Intermediate Cycle which continues the study of oral and written Classical Arabic, introduces the first foreign language (usually French) and information technology, and an introduction to the oral aspects of a second foreign language (usually English).

Upon successful completion of the sixth year, students are awarded a Certificat de Fin d’Etudes de l’Enseignement Fondamental (Certificate of End of Basic Studies) or a Certificat d’Etudes Primaires (Certificate of Primary Studies).

Chart 2 - Primary School: Hours of Instruction per Week Year 1 Year 3 Year 5 Subject Year 2 Year 4 Year 6 Islamic Education 4 hours 3 hours 3 hours

Arabic Language 11 hours 6 hours 6 hours

French Language ---- 8 hours 8 hours

2 hours 1 hour --- Art and Technical Education 2.5 hours 1.5 hours ---

History, Geography, Civics ------1.5 hours

Mathematics 5 hours 5 hours 4 hours

Physical Education 2 hours 2 hours 2 hours

Science 1.5 hours 1.5 hours 1.5 hours

Recreation 2 hours 2 hours 2 hours

Source: Ministry of National Education

Collegial Cycle (Cycle collégial) Following the Basic Cycle is the Collegial Cycle (Cycle collégial) which is three years and is offered at lower secondary schools (collège) . The objective of lower secondary school is to develop problem- solving abilities, and to introduce the sciences, geography, history and culture.

At the end of the ninth year, students who have successfully completed the program of studies are awarded a Brevet d’Enseignement Collégial/BEC (Lower Secondary School Certificate). Students who hold this certificate can continue on to upper secondary school or begin working.

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Chart 3 – Lower Secondary School (Collège): Hours of Instruction per Week

Subject 7th year 8th year 9th year

Arabic Language 6 hours 6 hours 6 hours

Islamic Instruction 2 hours 2 hours 2 hours

Social Studies 3 hours 3 hours 3 hours

French 6 hours 6 hours 6 hours

Mathematics 6 hours 6 hours 6 hours

Natural Sciences 2+ hours 2+ hours 2+ hours

Physical Sciences 2+ hours 2+ hours 2+ hours

Physical Education 1+ hours 1+ hours 1+ hours

Art 1+ hours 1+ hours 1+ hours

Feminine Culture or Introduction 2+ hours 2+ hours 2+ hours to Technology

Music * 2 hours ------

*Optional subject progressively introduced into some lower secondary schools beginning with the 1995-96 academic year Source: Ministry of National Education

Upper Secondary School Upper secondary school (Cycle qualificant) is offered at lycées. It is a three-year program that offers general, traditional, technical, and vocational/professional paths. The first year of all programs is a common curriculum (tronc commun) which consolidates knowledge taught at the lower secondary school level, seeks to advance techniques of expression, and introduces research methods. During the first year, teachers and administration help the student determine the path for the final two years of upper secondary school.

The Baccalauréat Examination Upon completion of the third year of upper secondary school, students sit for an external examination administered by the Département de l’Education Nationale (Department of National Education) that leads to several types of baccalauréat (baccalaureate) diplomas, depending on the student’s educational path. The baccalauréat examination tests knowledge in subjects from all 3 years of upper secondary school.

Students are placed into groups, and a jury, made up of teachers in all subjects, reviews the examination results of each student in the group. The jury may pass a student who has earned a grade of 8 or 9 on a certain subject or subjects if they feel that the subject was not as significant as other subjects on the examination.

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The examination assigns a coeficient (coefficient) to each subject test. The coeficient determines the importance of the subject on the examination; i.e. the higher the coeficient, the higher the importance of the subject. The coeficient roughly correlates to the credits awarded to courses in U.S. high schools. Subjects will have a different coeficient depending on the educational path. For example, students in the literary track will have a higher English coeficient than a student in the scientific track because they have had more hours of English instruction per week.

General education path Students in the general education path (l’enseignement général) have the choice of four tracks: scientific, literary, economic, or social. Upon successful completion of the third year of study, students sit for an external examination leading to the Baccalauréat de l’Enseignement Général (General Education Baccalaureate).

Traditional education path The traditional education path (l’enseignement originel) is designed for students who desire an academic program with an Islamic focus. Upon successful completion of the third year of study, students sit for an external examination leading to the Baccalauréat de l’Enseignement Originel (Islamic Theology Baccalaureate).

Technical path The technical path has the goal of preparing students for post-secondary careers through theoretical and practical instruction. There are six options and each option has several specializations:

• Mechanical Options: Sciences and techniques Mechanical fabrication Founderies • Electrical Options: Electrotechniques Electronics • Civil Options: Design and construction Studio arts Graphic arts and industries • Chemistry Options: Chemistry • Economics Options: Economic sciences Accounting management techniques Administrative management techniques • Agriculture Options: Agricultural sciences

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Upon completion of a technical path program, students sit for an external examination leading to the Baccalauréat de l’Enseignement Technologique et Professionnel (Technical and Professional Educational Baccalaureate). This baccalauréat does not lead to admission to a university program, but students can apply for admission to a post-secondary technical program.

Vocational path The vocational path prepares students for careers. Completion of these programs does not permit admission to post-secondary educational programs. Certificat de Qualification Professionnelle/CQP (Certificate of Professional Qualification) is a two-year program following a Certificat de Fin d’Etudes de l’Enseignement Fondamental (Certificate of End of Basic Studies). The Diplôme de Technicien (Technician Diploma) is a one-year program that requires completion of 11 years of primary and secondary school.

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POST- Post-secondary education is offered at 450 public and private institutions including: • 14 public universities with 80 affiliated institutions • 1 private university • 59 public, non-university institutions with programs in the sciences, technology, economics, law, administration, allied health, and teacher training • 35 public primary school teacher training schools • 73 institutions offering technical training to students who hold a Baccalauréat • 203 private institutions

Eighty-percent of students are enrolled in private post-secondary institutions due to insufficient government resources in public institutions. Enrollment in private institutions tripled in the period between 1993 and 2004. Private institutions must be recognized by the appropriate governmental ministry to operate. Al-Akhawayn University ( www.aui.ma ), the only private university in Morocco, was founded in 1993 in Ifrane. It offers American-style programs taught in English that lead to the Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of as well as graduate programs leading to the Master of Science, Master of Business Administration, and Master of Arts.

Women represent 40-45% of the total enrollment in post-secondary institutions. In some fields, such as and dentistry, women represent 60% of the total enrollment.

 Brevet de Technicien Supérieur/BTS (Higher Technician Diploma) The Brevet de Technicien Supérieur/BTS (Higher Technician Diploma) is a two-year technical/vocational program that is offered in lycées and other post-secondary institutions. Admission requires a Baccalauréat de l’Enseignement Secondaire and sufficient scores on an entrance examination. Students who have completed one year of scientific or technical study at a university or other post- secondary institution may be admitted to the second year of the program after review by an academic committee.

Students can complete programs in: • Industrial product design • Production • Office-Secretary • Electromechanics (automated systems) • Industrial electronics • Electronic maintenance • Building • Accounting and management

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Chart I: Brevet de Technicien Supérieur in Information Engineering (Ecole Normale Supérieure de l’Enseignement Technique de Rabat) http://www.enset-rabat.ac.ma/btsgi.html

Hours per Week Course 1st Year 2nd Year Arabic Language 2 2 French Language 2 2 English Language 2 2 Techniques of Expression and Communication ----- 2 Economic and Legal Environment of Business 2 ----- Mathematics 2 2 Algorithms and Data and Programming Structures 4 2 Architecture and Microprocessors 3 2 System Exploitation 2 2 Networks and Teleinformatics 3 ----- Multimedia and Software Engineering 4 2 Database Management Systems 2 ----- Information Maintenance 2 ----- Information Analysis 2 ----- Information Network Administration & Engineering ----- 3 End of Study Project ----- 6 Business Internship 1 month 6 weeks

University Programs University-level programs are offered at 14 public universities, one private university, and many public and private écoles (schools) and other institutions. Admission requires a baccalauréat or a diploma deemed to be equivalent; some programs of study, such as medicine and allied health, require a special entrance examination (concours) for admission.

Prior to the introduction of educational reforms in the 2003-04 academic year (see below), first-level university studies were divided into two, two-year cycles. The first cycle was a two-year program that led to the Certificat Universitaire d’Etudes Littéraires/CUEL (University Certificate of Literary Studies), the Certificat Universitaire d’Etudes Scientifiques/CUES (University Certificate of Scientific Studies), the Certificat Universitaire d’Etudes de Droit/CUED (University Certificate of Law Studies), or the Certificat Universitaire de d’Etudes Economiques/CUEE (University Certificate of Economics Studies). These certificate programs were phased out in the 2003-04 academic year.

The second cycle was a two-year program that lead to the Licence (Licentiate) for students in non- science subjects, and the Maîtrise ès-Sciences (Master in Sciences), the Maîtrise ès-Sciences Specialisées (Master in Specialized Sciences), or the Maîtrise ès Sciences et Techniques/MST (Master in Sciences and Techniques) for students in the sciences. The last Licence and Maîtrise diplomas were awarded in the 2005-06 academic year. Admission to these programs required a Certificat Universitaire d’Etudes Littéraires/CUEL (University Certificate of Literary Studies), the Certificat

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Universitaire d’Etudes Scientifiques/CUES (University Certificate of Scientific Studies), the Certificat Universitaire d’Etudes de Droit/CUED (University Certificate of Law Studies), or the Certificat Universitaire de d’Etudes Economiques/CUEE (University Certificate of Economics Studies) and, in some cases, an entrance examination.

The third cycle was divided into two parts. The first part of the cycle was a one to two-year program leading to the Diplôme d’Etudes Supérieurs Approndondies/DESA (Diploma of Advanced Higher Studies), the two-year Diplôme d’Etudes Supérieures/DES (Diploma of Higher Studies), and the two- year Diplôme d’Etudes Supérieures Spécialisées/DESS (Diploma of Higher Specialized Studies). Admission to the DESA and DESS programs required a Licentiate awarded after 4 years of study or a Maîtrise. The DES required a Diplôme d’Architecte (Diploma of Architect) or a Diplôme d’Ingénieur d’Etat (State Engineer Diploma) for admission. All of these programs required theoretical coursework, individual research, and defense of a thesis.

The second part of the third cycle was a three to five-year program leading to the Doctorat (Doctorate). Admission to the program required a Diplôme d’Etudes Supérieures/DES (Diploma of Higher Studies) or a Diplôme d’Etudes Supérieurs Approndondies/DESA (Diploma of Advanced Higher Studies). The program required advanced research and defense of a dissertation.

 Diplôme Universitaire de Technologie/DUT (University Diploma of Technology) Two-year, applied science and technology programs are offered at schools (école) affiliated with universities, and lead to the Diplôme Universitaire de Technologie/DUT (University Diploma of Technology). Admission to a DUT program requires a baccalauréat or a diploma deemed equivalent.

The first year of the program has a common curriculum for students in all majors, and introduces both theory and practical study. The second year of the program is devoted to more advanced study in the major, an internship in industry, and a final paper.

 Classes Préparatoires aux Grandes Ecoles (Preparatory Classes for Higher Schools) The grandes écoles (higher schools) are public and private schools that offer specialized study in business, engineering, and other fields. Admission to these schools is highly-competitive and requires an admission examination. Students can enter a grande école program directly after a baccalauréat program or after completion of a two-year classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles/classe prépas (preparatory class for higher schools) program.

Classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles programs are offered at lycées. No diploma or certificate is awarded upon completion of the program. Upon completion of the program, students sit for a grande école admission examination (concours). Students who are successful on the concours are admitted to the third year of the grande école program. Students who are not admitted to a grande école after completion of a classe préparatoire can continue their studies in a licence program.

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Chart II: Weekly Hours of Study – Preparatory Class for Business Higher School Number of Hours per Week Class 1st Year 2nd Year Mathematics 6 5 Management Information 2 2 French and General Culture 6 6 Arabic 2 2 English 3 3 Economics 3 3 Management Techniques 5 6 Management 2 2 Law 2 2 TOTAL 31 31

Chart III: Weekly Hours of Study – Preparatory Class for Engineering Higher School Number of Hours per Week Class 1st Year 2nd Year Directed Practical Directed Practical Mathematics 10 2 10 2 Physics 5 1 1 5 1 1 Chemistry 1 1 1 1 Industrial Sciences 1 1 1 1 Personal Project 2 2 Computer Science 1 1 Arabic Culture and 2 2 Translation French 4 3 English 2 2 Physical Education & Sports 2 2 TOTAL 27 6 3 26 6 2

Licence-Master-Doctor (L-M-D) System Like many countries with educational systems based on the French model, Morocco has adopted the Licence-Master-Doctor (L-M-D) system which France implemented at the post-secondary level. Beginning with the 2003-04 academic year, the L-M-D (Licence-Master-Doctorat) system was implemented in the university system in Morocco. This reform was designed to introduce new

16 competencies at each level, a standardized module system throughout each curriculum, and to make transfer among universities in Morocco, as well as in other countries, easier.

The system is organized as follows:

• Licence (Licentiate) = Baccalauréat + 3 years • Master (Master) = Baccalauréat + 5 years • Doctorat (Doctorate) = Baccalauréat + 8 years

Each academic year at the university level is divided into two, 16-week semesters. Each semester is divided into three or more academic modules which include required courses for students in all majors, courses in the major, and elective courses. Each module has a minimum of 75 hours of study, and each semester includes at least 360 hours of study.

The first level of university studies is three years. The first semester of study is an introduction to university studies and includes the required courses for students in all areas of study. During the second semester, students continue with required courses and determine if they will continue in an academic or professional track for the third and fourth semesters of study.

 Diplôme d’Etudes Universitaires Générales/DEUG (Diploma of General University Studies)  Diplôme d’Etudes Universitaires Professionnelles/DEUP (Diploma of General Professional Studies) Students who wish to pursue professional studies continue in the track leading to the Diplôme d’Etudes Universitaires Professionnelles/DEUP (Diploma of General Professional Studies) during the third and fourth semesters. Courses in this track are more professional in nature than academic.

Students who wish to pursue academic studies continue in the track leading to the Diplôme d’Etudes Universitaires Générales/DEUG (Diploma of General University Studies) during the third and fourth semesters. The courses in this track are more in-depth and theoretical in the major than those in the professional track.

Chart IV: DEUG and DEUP Curriculum Breakdown Type of Module Number of Modules % of Total Modules Major Courses 8 to 10 50% to 70% Required Courses for all Majors 3 to 4 15% to 25% Electives 3 to 4 No more than 30%

 Licence Professionnelle (Professional Licentiate)  Licence d’Etudes Fondamentales (Basic Studies Licentiate)  Licence Sciences et Techniques (Scientific and Technical Licentiate) The fifth and sixth semesters of study lead to either the Licence d’Etudes Fondamentales (Basic Studies Licentiate) or the Licence Professionnelle (Professional Licentiate). Admission to a Licence d’Etudes Fondamentales (Basic Studies Licentiate) program requires a Diplôme d’Etudes Universitaires Générales/DEUG (Diploma of General University Studies), and admission to a Licence Professionnelle (Professional Licentiate) program requires a Diplôme d’Etudes Universitaires Générales/DEUG (Diploma of General University Studies) or a Diplôme d’Etudes Universitaires Professionnelles/DEUP (Diploma of General Professional Studies).

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Both programs require a minimum of 720 hours (6 modules) of general and specialized courses in the program of study, but the major difference between the two programs is that the Licence Professionnelle (Professional Licentiate) includes an internship with a required paper that is 25% of the total hours of study while the Licence d’Etudes Fondamentales (Basic Studies Licentiate) has a final paper that is 10- 15% of the total hours of study.

As of the 2003-04 academic year, 25 areas of study leading to a Licence d’Etudes Fondamentales (Basic Studies Licentiate) were approved by the Commission Nationale de Coordination de l’Enseignement Supérieur/CNCES (National Commission on Higher Education Coordination) of the Ministère de l’Education Nationale, de l’Enseignement Supérieur, de la Formation des Cadres et de la Recherche Scientifique (Ministry of National Education, Higher Education, Government Training and Scientific Research):

Sciences and Techniques • Mathematics and Computer Science • Mathematics • Physical Sciences • Chemistry • Earth Sciences • Life Sciences

Legal, Economic and Management Sciences • Public Law • Private Law • Sharia (Islamic) Law • Economic and Management Sciences • Economic and Management Sciences with Economic Sciences focus • Economic and Management Sciences with Management focu

Human Sciences, Arts and Letters • Philosophy • Sociology • Psychology • History and Civilization • Geography • Arab Studies • French Studies • English Studies • Spanish Studies • Italian Studies • German Studies • Islamic Studies • Ossol Eddine

 Master (Master)  Master Spécialisé (Specialized Master)  Master Sciences et Techniques (Scientific and Technical Master) The second level of university study includes the 4-semester Master (Master), Master Spécialisé (Specialized Master), and the Master Sciences et Techniques (Scientific and Technical Master).

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The Master (Master) prepares students for doctoral studies. It offers further, high-level, intensive study in an academic specialty and introduces students to research tools and methods. The program of study includes three module blocks: 1. The major block which includes modules in general and intensive coursework, and a research component. This block makes up 70-80% of the program of study. 2. The tools and methodology block which includes modules in applied languages, communication, management, and new technology. This block makes up 5-10% of the program of study. 3. The end of studies block includes introduction to research modules leading to defense of a thesis. This block makes up 20-25% of the program of study.

Admission to a Master program requires a Licence d’Etudes Fondamentales (Basic Studies Licentiate) in the same or a similar program of study proposed for the Master program .

The Master Spécialisé (Specialized Master) prepares students for the workforce with a high-level qualification. The program of study includes three module blocks: 1. The major block which includes modules in general and intensive coursework, and a research component. This block makes up 70-80% of the program of study. 2. The tools and methodology block which includes modules in applied languages, communication, management, and new technology. This block makes up 5-10% of the program of study. 3. The end of studies block includes an internship in a professional setting. This block makes up 20-25% of the program of study.

Admission to a Master program requires a Licence d’Etudes Fondamentales (Basic Studies Licentiate) or a Licence Professionnelle (Professional Licentiate) in the same or a similar program of study proposed for the Master program .

 Doctor The third level of university study is a three-year program leading to the Doctor (Doctor). Admission to a Doctor program requires a Master or a diploma deemed equivalent; some programs may have additional requirements, such as an admission examination (concours) . In some exceptional cases, students who hold a Master Spécialisé may be admitted to a doctoral program.

After three years of high-level research and successful defense of a dissertation (thèse) , students are awarded the Doctor . As of the writing of this manuscript, no Doctor has yet been awarded under the L- M-D system.

ENGINEERING  Diplôme d’Ingénieur (Diploma of Engineer)  Diplôme d’Ingénieur d’Etat (State Engineer Diploma) Engineering programs are offered at grandes écoles (higher schools). There are two levels of . The first level is a three-year program leading to the Diplôme d’Ingénieur (Diploma of Engineer). This program is less theoretical and is designed to prepare student for the workforce. Admission requires a Baccalauréat and an entrance examination (concours). Students who hold a two-year, post-secondary diploma such as a Diplôme d’Etudes Universitaire Générales/DEUG or a Certificat Universitaire d’Etudes Scientifiques/CUES (University Certificate of Scientific Studies) are admitted to the second year of the program.

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The higher level of engineering education is a three-year program leading to the Diplôme d’Ingénieur d’Etat (State Engineer Diploma) . This program has a more theoretical basis and also prepares students for admission to graduate programs. Admission to this program requires a highly-competitive entrance examination (concours) and a Diplôme d’Etudes Universitaire Générales/DEUG, Certificat Universitaire d’Etudes Scientifiques/CUES (University Certificate of Scientific Studies), or completion of a classes preparatories aux grandes écoles program. Student who hold a Maîtrise (Master) can be admitted to the second year of the program after a transcript review by a faculty committee.

TEACHER TRAINING Primary school teachers are trained in a one-year program at a centre de formation des instituteurs (primary school teacher training center). Admission to the program requires a Diplôme d’Etudes Universitaires Générales/DEUG (Diploma of General University Studies) and passing an entrance examination (concours). Upon successful completion of the program, students are awarded a Certificat d’Aptitude Professionnelle (Certificate of Professional Ability).

Lower secondary school (college) teachers are trained in a two-year program at a centre pédagogique regional (regional teacher training school). Admission to the program requires a Baccalauréat, Moroccan nationality, and passing an entrance examination (concours). Students who have completed a Diplôme d’Etudes Universitaires Générales/DEUG (Diploma of General University Studies) or another two-year, post-secondary program that is deemed comparable, enter the second year of the program. Upon successful completion of the program, students are awarded a Diplôme de Professeur de Premier Cycle (Lower Secondary School Teacher Diploma) or a Diplôme de Cycle Pédagogique (Pedagogical Cycle Diploma).

Upper secondary school (lycée) teachers are trained in a four-year program at an école normale supérieure/ENS (higher teacher training school). Admission to this program requires a Baccalauréat and passing an entrance examination (concours). Upon successful completion of the program, students are awarded a Diplôme de l’Ecole Normale Supérieur (Diploma of the Higher Teacher Training School).

MEDICINE, DENTISTRY, PHARMACY AND ALLIED HEALTH PROFESSIONS Medicine Programs leading to the Docteur en Médecine (Doctor of Medicine) are seven years. Admission requires a Baccalauréat and an entrance examination (concours). Post-graduate programs in a medical or surgical specialty are three to five years, depending on the area of specialty, and lead to the Diplôme de Specialité Médicale (Diploma of Medical Specialty).

Dentistry Programs leading to the Docteur en Médecine Dentaire (Doctor of Dental Medicine) are five years, and require a Baccalauréat and an entrance examination (concours) for admission. Post-graduate programs in a dental specialty are four years and lead to the Diplôme Nationale d’Odontologie (National Diploma of Dentistry).

Pharmacy Programs leading to the Docteur en Pharmacie (Doctor of Pharmacy) are four years, and require a Diplôme d’Etudes Universitaires Générales/DEUG and an entrance examination (concours) for admission.

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Physical Therapy Programs leading to the Diplôme de l’Ecole Supérieure de Kinésithérapie (Diploma of the Higher School of Kinesitherapy) are three years, and require a Baccalauréat in any track and an entrance examination (concours) for admission.

Nursing and Midwifery Nursing is a 3-year post-secondary program which is offered at an Institut de Formation aux Carriéres de Santé (Health Careers Training Institute). Admission requires a Baccalauréat in any track and an entrance examination (concours) . Upon successful completion of the program, students are awarded a Diplôme d’Infirmièr(e) (Diploma of Nurse) or the Diplôme de Sage-Femme (Diploma of Midwife) .

Chart V: General Nursing Curriculum Hours Program Elements Directed TOTAL Theory Practical Studies 1st Year Introduction to Studies and Lecture Methods 40 40 Design and Planning of Nursing Care 20 10 30 Professional Ethics of the Nursing Profession 20 10 30 Psychology 24 6 30 Sociology 30 30 Communication 20 10 30 Elements of Law 40 10 50 Anatomy and Physiology 100 100 Microbiology and Parasitology 20 10 30 Pharmacology 40 10 50 Nutrition 10 4 14 Child Care 10 4 6 20 Semiology 24 24 Basic Nursing Care 40 100 140 Laboratory Tests 10 10 Medical Pathology 25 25 Medical Nursing 15 15 Surgical Pathology 20 20 Surgical Nursing 15 15 Pediatric Pathology 30 30 Pediatric Nursing 10 10 10 30 National Health System 50 50 Health Activity Programs 37 10 10 57 Computer Basics 10 10 20 Terminology 60 30 90 Clinical Experiences: Medicine 80 Surgery 80 Pediatrics 80 Basic Urban Nursing Networks 80

2nd Year Economics of Health 20 20 40

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Nutrition Plans 10 4 14 Medical Pathology 40 40 Medical Nursing 40 55 95 Surgical Pathology 40 40 Surgical Nursing 30 12 50 92 Operating Room Nursing 20 10 30 Pediatric Nursing 6 8 6 20 Geriatrics and Geriatric Nursing 10 8 18 Obstetrics 20 10 30 Obstetrical Nursing 10 10 Psychiatric Pathology 10 10 Psychiatric Nursing 10 10 Dental Health Pathology 6 6 Dental Health Nursing 4 4 Epidemiology 20 10 30 Infectious Disease 60 10 70 Health Program Activities 101 28 33 162 Health Statistics 8 6 14 Demography 8 6 14 Research Methodology 20 10 30 Clinical Experiences: Medicine 80 Surgery 80 Pediatrics 80 Obstetrics 40 Operating Room 80 Basic Urban Nursing Networks 80 Reference Center 40 3rd Year Management Principles 15 5 20 Emergency and Urgent Care 10 20 30 Gynecological Pathology 20 20 Gynecological Nursing 10 10 Ophthalmologic Pathology 10 10 Ophthalmological Nursing 5 5 10 Ear, Nose and Throat Pathology 10 10 Ear, Nose and Throat Nursing 10 10 20 Dermatological Pathology 10 10 Dermatological Nursing 5 5 10 Population Health Diagnostics and Health 15 15 20 Planning Health Program Activities 20 5 25 Employment Health 20 5 25 Research 80 80 Clinical Experiences: Medicine 80 Surgery 80 Pediatrics 40 Recovery Room 80

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Emergency Room 40 Gynecology 40 Obstretrics 40 Dermatology 40 Ophthalmology 40 Ear, Nose and Throat 40 Basic Urban Nursing Networks 160 Rural Internship 80 Elective Internship (choice of operationg room, pediatrics, cardiology, ophthalmology 160 and ENT, urology-nephrology) http://www.sante.gov.ma/Departements/ifcs/Contact/contact.htm

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French-Arabic-English Glossary FRENCH ARABIC ENGLISH

Passed, admitted ل Admis

Agronomy, agricultural Agronomie science ارا

Ajourné Failed, failure

German أ Allemande

English ا ا Anglais

Année Year

Appliqué(e) Applied

Approfondie Advanced

Arabic ا ا Arabe

Assez bien Good enough

Authentication document دة Attestation

Avec With

Upper secondary school Baccaulauréat diploma ر

Bien Good

Bourse Scholarship

Certificate دة Brevet Certificate دة Certificat

Chemistry اء Chimie

Fifth ا Cinquième

Classe Class

Coefficient (indicates Coeficient importance of class in the curriculum)

Lower secondary school إاد Collège

Comptabilté Accounting

Conception Design

Second ا Deuxième

Diploma دة Diplôme

Doctorate دآرا Doctorat

Data ت Donnée

Donnée de base Database

Droit Law

Sharia ا Echariaâ

Echec Failure

School ر Ecole

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Teacher training school ار ا ة Ecole normale

Primary school ار اا Ecole primaire

Written ب Ecrite

Physical education ا ا Education Physique

Educational ي Educatif

Elève Student

Teaching, education ا Enseignement

Examination إر Épreuve

Equipe Team

Etablissement Institution

Studies درات Etudes

Etudiant Student

Optional, elective اري Facultatif

Made, created ع Fait

End of studies ارا Fin d’études

Basic أ Fondamental

Formation Training

Française French

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General م Général

Génie Engineering

Management إدارة Gestion

Weekly أ Hebdomadaire

Heure Hour

History ر Histoire

Horaire Hourly

Infirmièr(e) Nurse

Informatics, computer Informatique science ت

Engineer س Ingénieur

Instituteur(e) Primary school teacher

Day م Jour

Langue Language

Licentiate إزة Licence

Logiciel Software

Law, legislation ن Loi

Lycée Upper secondary school

.Mrs ة (.Madame (Mme

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Mademoiselle (Mlle.) Miss

Morocco اب Maroc

Marocain(e) Moroccan

Maternal , pre-primary

Mathematics رت Mathematiques

Indicates level of academic Mention achievement

Ministry وز Ministre

Less أ Moins

Mois Month

Monsieur (M.) Mister

Average ل Moyenne

Class average ل ا Moyenne du groupe

Born ازداد (Né(e

Level ى Niveau

Note Grade

Awarded, earned ل Obtenu

Oral ي Orale

Original (in this case, Originel (Islamic ا

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Tool أداة Outil

Passable Passing

Practique Practical

First او Première

Preparatory اي Préparatoire

Pré-requis Prerequisite

Préscolaire Pre-school

Primary إا Primaire

Private ص Privé

Project وع Projet

Professional ف Professionnelle

Teacher, professor أذ (Professeur(e

(Class of (1999, etc د Promotion

Fourth اا Quatrième

Recherche Research

Recognized ف Reconnu

Transcripts, marks sheet ول ا Releve du notes

Réseau(x) Network(s)

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Kingdom of Morocco ا ا Royaume du Maroc

Sage-femme Midwife

Health ا Santé

Secondary ي Secondaire

Week أع Semaine

Semester ا Semestre

Spécialisé(e) Specialized

Training period, internship ر Stage

Supérieure Higher

Technicien Technician

Technique Technical

Earth أرض Terre

Title ان Titre

Travail Work

Travaux practiques Practical work, lab

Very ا Très

Third ا Troisième

Université University

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Post-Secondary Educational Institutions (NOTE: The information below was accurate as of October 2009 and is offered as a general overview of the institution. Please consult the institution’s website for the most up-to-date information.)

Ecole des Sciences de l’Information School of Information Sciences http://www.esi.ac.ma/ BP 6204 Rabat-Instituts, 10100 Rabat Phone: (212) 37 77 49 04 Fax: (212) 37 77 02 32

Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès National School of Agriculture of http://www.enameknes.ac.ma/ km. 10, Route Haj Kaddour, B.P. S/40, Meknès, 50001 Phone: (212) 55 30 02 39 / 40 / 41 Fax: (212) 55 30 02 37 / 38

Ecole Nationale d’Architecture National School of Architecture BP 6372, Chariaa Allal El Fassi, Rabat Tel: 212 37 77-52-29 Fax: 212 37 77-52-76 Founded 1980

Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale National School of the Mineral Industry http://www.enim.ac.ma/

Ecole Nationale Forestière d’Ingénieurs National School of Forestry Engineers BP 511 Tabriquet, 11000 Salé

Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Institute http://www.iav.ac.ma/ BP 6202-Instituts, Rabat, 10101 Tel:: (212) 37 771745/58/59 Fax: (212) 37 778135 Founded 1966

Institut de Formation aux Carrières de Santé de Rabat Institute for Training in Health Careers of Rabat http://www.sante.gov.ma/Departements/ifcs/index.htm Avenue Hassan II, Kilomètre 4.5 Rabat 1000 Tel: 212 37 69 19 69 Fax: 212 37 69 27 96

Institut National d’Administration Sanitaire/INAS National Institute of Health Administration http://www.sante.gov.ma/Departements/inas/index.asp rue Lamfadel Cherkaoui Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat Tel: 212 5 37 68 31 62 Fax: 212 5 37 68 31 61

Institut National de Statistique et d’Economie Appliquée National Institute of Statistics and Applied Economics http:// www.insea.ac.ma

Institut National des Sciences de l’Archéologie et du Patrimoine/INSAP National Institute of Archeology and Cultural Heritage Sciences Avenue Kennedy, Route des Zaers 10000 Rabat-Soussi Tel: 212 37 75-09-61 Fax: 212 37 75-08-84 Departments : Anthropology; Archeology and Cultural Heritage; Historical Monuments and Sites; Islamic Archeology; Museum Studies; Pre-Islamic Archeology; Prehistory; Written Heritage Studies Founded 1986

Institut Supérieur de Commerce et d’Administration des Entreprises Higher Institute of Commerce and Business Administration http://www.iscae.ma/ Km 9.5 Route de Nouasser BP 8114 Casa - Oasis Tel: (212) 22 33.54.82 à 85 (poste 271) Fax: (212) 22.33.54.96/95

Institut Supérieur du Tourisme de Tanger Higher Institute of Tourism of

Institut Supérieur de l’Information et de la Communication Higher Institute of Information and Communication http://www.isic.ac.ma/

Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi Tétouan Abdelmalek Essaâdi University Tétouan http://www.uae.ac.ma Route de l’Aéroport, Tetouan Tel: 212 39 99-51-34 Fax: 212 39 97-91-51 Faculties : Arts and Humanities; Law ( campus); Law, Economics and Social Sciences (Tangiers campus); Science; Science and Technology (Tangiers campus) Schools : Commerce and Management (Tangiers campus); Translation (Tangiers campus) Founded 1989

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Université Al-Akhawayn Ifrane (AUI) Al-Akhawayn University Ifrane http://www.alakhawayn.ma BP 104, avenue Hassan II, 53000 Ifrane Tel: 212 55 86-20-00 Fax: 212 55 56-71-50 Schools: Business Administration; Humanities and Social Sciences; Science and Engineering Institute : Economic Analysis and Prospective Studies Centers : Academic Development; Environmental Issues and Regional Development; Executive Education; Languages Founded 1995

Université Cadi Ayyad Marrakech Marrakech http://www.ucam.ac.ma BP 511, avenue Prince Abdellah, Marrakech Tel: 212 44 43-48-13 Fax: 212 44 43-44-94 Faculties : Arts and Humanities (Marrakech and Beni Mellal campuses); Law, Economics and Social Sciences; Medicine and Pharmacy; Science (Semlalia campus); Science and Technology (Marrakech and Beni Mellal campuses) Schools : Applied Sciences; Technology (Safi campus) Founded 1978

Université Chouaïb Doukkali El Jadida Chouaib Doukkali University El Jadida http://www.ucd.ac.ma BP 299 2, avenue Mohamed ben Larbi Alaoui Koudiate ben Driss, 24000 El Jadida Faculties : Arts and Humanities; Science Founded 1989

Université Hassan 1ère Settat Hassan 1 st University Settat http://www.univ-hassan1.ac.ma BP 539, 26000 Settat Tel: 212 23 72-12-75 Fax: 212 23 72-12-74 Faculties : Law, Economics, and Social Sciences; Science and Technology School : Commerce and Management Founded 1997

Université Hassan II Mohammedia Hassan II University of Mohammedia http://www.univh2m.ac.ma BP 150, 279 Cité Yassmina, Mohammedia Tel: 212 23 31-46-35 Fax: 212 23 31-46-34 Faculties : Arts and Humanities (Mohammedia and Ben Msik campuses); Law, Economics and Social Sciences; Science (Ben Msik Casablanca); Science and Technology Founded 1992

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Université Hassan II Aïn Chock de Casablanca Hassan II University Aïn Chock of Casablanca http://www.uh2c.ac.ma BP 9167 19, rue Tarik Bnou Ziad, Casablanca Tel: 212 22 27-37-47 Fax: 212 22 27-61-50 Faculties : Arts and Humanities; Dentistry; Economics; Law; Letters; Medicine and Pharmacy; Sciences; Social Sciences Schools : Electrical and Mechanical Engineering; Technology Founded 1975

Université Ibnou Zohr-Agadir Ibnou Zohr University – Agadir http://www.univ-ibnzohr.ac.ma BP 32/S Agadir Tel: 212 48 22-70-17 Fax: 212 48 22-72-60 Faculties : Arts and Humanities; Science Schools : Commerce and Management, Technology Founded 1989

Université Ibn Tofail Kenitra Ibn Tofail University http://www.univ-ibntofail.ac.ma BP 242, 104, rue Ahmed Boughaba, Bir rami Est, 14000 Kenitra Tel: 212 37 37-28-09 Fax: 212 37 37-40-52 Faculties : Arts and Humanities; Law and Economics; Science

Université Mohammed V Rabat Rabat http://www.um5a.ac.ma BP 553, 3 rue Michlifen, Agdal, Rabat-Chellah Tel: 212 37 67-13-18 Fax: 212 37 67-14-01 Faculties : Arts and Humanities (Agdal campus); Law, Economics and Social Sciences; Science Schools : Engineering (Mohammadia campus); Technology (Salé campus) Institutes : Scientific Research: Middle Eastern Studies; North African Studies Founded 1959

Université Mohamed V Souissi Rabat Mohamed V University Souissi Rabat http://www.um5s.ac.ma/um5s/ Angle avenue Allal El Fassi et Mfadel Cherkaoui, Al Irfane 8007. N.U Rabat Tel: 212 37 77 43 87/96 Faculties: Law, Economics and Social Sciences; Education; Dentistry; Medicine and Pharmacy; School: Higher National School of Information and Systems Analysis Founded 1957

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Université Mohamed Premier Mohamed First University Oujda http://webserver1.ump.ma/ B.P. 524, 60000, Oujda Tel: 212 5 36 50 06 12 / 14 Fax: 212 5 36 50 06 09 Faculties: Letters and Humanities; Sciences; Law, Economics and Social Sciences; Multidisciplinary (Nador campus); Medicine Schools: Higher School of Technology; Applied Sciences (Oujda campus); Business and Management; Applied Sciences (Al Hoceima campus) Founded 1978

Université Moulay Ismail Meknès Moulay Ismail University Meknès http://www.rumi.ac.ma Marjane II BP 298, 5003 Meknès Tel: 212 55 46-73-06 Fax: 212 55 46-73-05 Faculties : Arts and Humanities; Law, Economics and Social Sciences; Science; Science and Technology (Errachidia campus) School : Industrial Engineering; Technology Founded 1982

Université Muhammad Al-Awwal Oujda Mohammed I University Oujda http://www.univ-oujda.ac.ma BP 724, 60000 Oujda Tel: 212 56 50-06-12 Fax: 212 56 50-06-09 Faculties : Arts and Humanities; Law, Economics and Social Sciences; Multidisciplinary (Nador campus); Science Schools : Applied Sciences; Management; Technology Centers: Migration Studies; Water Science and Technology Research Center : Archeology Founded 1978

Université Quaraouiyine Fès Quaraouiyine University Fez BP 2509, Fès Tel: 212 55 64-10-06 Fax: 212 55 64-10-13 Faculties : Arabic and Arab Literature (Marrakech campus); Islamic Law (Fez and Agadir campuses); Theology and Philosophy (Tétoutan campus) Center : Islamic Studies and Research Founded 849

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Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah-Fès Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University – Fez BP 2626, Boulevard des Almohades, Fès http://www.usmba.ac.ma Tel: 212 55 62-55-85 Fax: 212 55-62-36-41 Faculties : Arts and Humanities (Dhar El Mehraz and Saïs campuses); Economics and Social Sciences; Law; Medicine and Pharmacy; Science (Dhar El Mehraz campus); Science and Technology (Saïs campus) School : Advanced Technology (Saïs campus) Founded 1975

GRANDES ECOLES Académie Internationale Mohammed 6 d’Aviation Civile Mohammed 6 International Academy of Civil Aviation http://www.aviation.ma/ Aéroport Mohammed V Nouasser

Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales du Maroc School of Higher Business Studies of Morocco http://www.hec.ac.ma

Ecole des Hautes Etudes Comptables et Financières School of Higher Accounting and Financial Studies http://www.hecfsup.com Rue Abi Hamid Al Ghazali N°06 VN Fès Tel: 212 35 93 14 44 Fax: 212 35 94 21 89

Ecole des Hautes Etudes Economiques et Commerciales de Marrakech School of Higher Economic and Business Studies of http://www.ecoleheec.ac.ma Avenue Allal Fassi, rue Abou Obaïda BP 1514 Marrakech Tel: 212 24 31 44 10 Fax: 212 24 31 44 20

Ecole Hassania des Travaux Publics Hassania School of Public Works http://www.ehtp.ac.ma/ KM 7, Route d’El Jadida B.P 8108, Oasis, Casablanca Tel: 212 520 42 05 00 Fax: 212 522 23 07 17

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Ecole Mohammadia d’Ingénieurs Mohammadia School of Engineers http://www.emi.ac.ma Avenue Ibnsina B.P. 765 Agdal Rabat Tel: 212 – 537 77.26.47 Fax:(212 - 537) 77.88.53

Ecole des Mines de Marrakech Marrakech School of Mines Km 3, Route de Casablanca BP 38, Gueliz

Ecole Marocaine des Sciences de l’Ingénieur Moroccan Schools of Engineering Sciences http://www.emsi.ma/ 154, rue El Bakri, Casablanca Tel: 212-5-22543170 Fax: 212-5-22543166

Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès National School of Agriculture of Meknès http://www.enameknes.ac.ma/ Km 10, route Haj Kaddour BP S/40, Meknès

Ecole Nationale Forestière des Ingénieurs National School of Forestry Engineers BP 511 11000 Tabriquet-Salé

Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale National School of Mineral Industries http://www.enim.ac.ma/ Avenue Hadj Ahmed Cherkaoui BP 753, Agdal, Rabat Tel: 212 7 68 02 30 Fax: 212 7 77 10 55

Ecole Nationale des Pilotes de Ligne de la RAM National School for Royal Air Maroc (RAM) Pilots Aéroport d', Casablanca

Ecole Nationale des Sciences Appliquées de Marrakech National School of Applied Sciences of Marrakech http://www.ensa.ac.ma/ BP 575 Avenue Abdelkrim Khattabi, Guéliz, Marrakech

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Ecole Nationale des Sciences Appliquées d’Agadir National School of Applied Sciences of Agadir http://www.ensa-agadir.ac.ma/ BP 1136 Agadir Tel: 212 48 22 83 13 Fax: 212 48 23 20 07

Ecole Nationale des Sciences Appliquées de Fès National School of Applied Sciences of Fez http://www.est-usmba.ac.ma/ENSA/ Route d'Imouzzer BP 2427, Fès Tel: 212 5 60 05 85 Fax: 212 5 60 05 88

Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Métiers de Meknès Higher National School of Arts and Trades of Meknes http://www.ensam.ac.ma/ Marjane II BP 4024, Béni M'hamed Meknès Ismaïlia Tel: 212 55 46 71 60 Fax: 212 55 46 71 64

Ecole Nationale des Sciences Appliquées d’Oujda National School of Applied Sciences of Oujda http://wwwensa.ump.ma/ BP 669 Hay El Qods Complexe universitaire Oujda

Ecole Nationale des Sciences Appliquées de Safi National School of Applied Sciences of Safi http://www.ucam.ac.ma/ensas/ Route Sidi Bouzid BP 63, Safi Tel: 212 24 66 91 55 Fax: 212 24 66 80 12

Ecole Nationale des Sciences Appliquées de Tanger National School of Applied Science of Tangier http://www.ensat.ac.ma/ Route Ziaten, km 10 BP 1818 Tel: 212 39 39 37 44 Fax: 212 39 39 37 43

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Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Electricité et de Mécanique Higher National School of Electricity and Mechanics Route d'El Jadida, km 7 BP 8118 Oasis, Casablanca Tel: 212 23 07 89 or 212 23 12 80 Fax: 212 23 12 99

Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Informatique et d’Analyse de Systèmes Higher National School of Computer Science and Systems Analysis http://www.ensias.ma/ Avenue Mohammed Ben Abdallah Regragui Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat Tel: 212 37 77 85 79 Fax: 212 37 77 72 30

Ecole Polyvalente Supérieure d’Informatique et d’Electronique Higher Polyvalient School of Computer Science and Electronics http://www.epsiel.net/ 4, avenue Allal Ben Abdellah Imm Abbou, Fès Tel: 212 55 65 25 54 Fax: 212 61 18 98 60

Ecole Royale de l’Air Royal School of the Air BEFRA Marrakech 4000 Tel: 212 24 44 79 17 Fax: 212 24 76 44 01

Ecole Royale Navale Royal Naval School Boulevard Sour Jdid Casablanca Tel: 12 22 27 84 51 Fax: 212 22 22 16 72

Ecole des Sciences de l’Information School of Information Sciences http://www.esi.ac.ma/ Avenue Allal El Fassi, cité Al Irfane BP 6204 Rabat-Instituts 10100 Rabat Tel: 212 37 77 49 04 Fax: 212 37 77 02 32

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Ecole Supérieure de Direction and et de Gestion Higher School of Administration and Management http://www.esdg.ma 8, Oued Souss Agdal, Rabat Tel: 212 37 77 01 83 Fax: 212 37 75 88 72

Ecole Supérieure de Gestion Higher School of Management 32, Rue El Bakri Casablanca Tel: 212 2 44 40 01 Fax: 212 2 44 39 42

Ecole Supérieure des Industries du Textile et Habillement Higher of School of Textile and Clothing Industries http://www.esith.ac.ma/ Route d'El Jadida, km 8 BP 7731-Oulfa Casablanca Tel: 212 22 23 41 24 52 Fax: 212 22 23 15 85

Ecole Supérieure de Technologie d’Agadir Higher School of Technology of Agadir http://www.esta.ac.ma/ BP 33 Agadir Tel: 212 48 23 25 83 Fax: 212 48 22 78 24

Ecole Supérieure de Technologie de Casablanca Higher School of Technology of Casablanca Route d'El Jadida, km 7 BP 8012 Oasis, Casablanca Tel: 212 25 03 25 Fax: 212 25 22 45

Ecole Supérieure de Technologie d’ Higher School of Technology of Essaouira http://www.ucam.ac.ma/est.essaouira/ Km 9, Route d'Agadir Essaouira Aljadida BP 383 Essaouira Tel: 212 24 79 26 48 Fax: 212 24 79 26 48

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Ecole Supérieure de Technologie de Fès Higher School of Technology of Fez Route d'Imouzzer BP 2427 Fès Tel: 212 35 60 05 85 Fax: 212 35 60 05 88

Ecole Supérieure de Technologie de Meknès Higher School of Technology of Meknes http://www.est-umi.ac.ma/ Rue d'Agouray, km 5 Toulal Meknès Tel: 212 35 46 70 84 Fax: 212 35 46 70 83

Ecole Supérieure de Technologie d’Oujda Higher School of Technology of Oujda http://wwwesto.univ-oujda.ac.ma/portail/ BP 473 Complexe universitaire Al Qods Oujda 60000 Tél : +212 56 500 224 Fax : +212 56 500 223

Ecole Supérieure de Technologie de Safi Higher School of Technology of Safi http://www.ests.ucam.ac.ma/ Route Dar Si-Aïssa BP 89 46000 Safi Tel: 212 24 62 65 39 Fax: 212 24 62 70 26

Ecole Supérieure de Technologie de Salé Higher School of Technology of Salé Avenue Prince Héritier Sidi Mohammed BP 227 Salé Médina Tel: 212 7 88 15 61 Fax: 212 7 88 15 64

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Ecole Supérieure des Multimédia, Informatique et Réseaux Higher School of Multimedia, Computer Science and Research http://www.supemir.com http://www.supemir.com/ 15, Barii Debbass Avenue Constantinople , Casablanca Tel: 212 22 47 34 81 Fax: 212 22 44 88 26

Ecole Supérieure des Sciences Techniques et de Management Higher School of Management and Technical Sciences http://www.bmhs.ma

Ecole Supérieure des Télécommunications Higher School of Telecommunications http://www.suptelecom.ma/ 51, rue du 16 novembre BP 8977 Agdal, Rabat Tel: 212 37 67 37 37 Fax: 212 37 67 47 99

Ecole Supérieure du Commerce et des Affairs Higher School of Commerce and Business 55, rue Jaber Ben Hayane Casablanca Tel: 212 2 20 91 20

Ecole Supérieure en Ingénierie de l’Information, Télécommunications et Management Higher School of Information Engineering, Telecommunications and Management http://www.estem.ma/ 2, square Bonnat Boulevard du 9 Avril Quartier Palmier Casablanca Tel: 212 22 98 39 39 Fax: 212 22 25 24 15

Ecole Supérieure Internationale de Gestion Higher International School of Management http://www.esigmaroc.com

High Tech Agdal http://www.hightech.edu/ 34, rue Jabal Al Ayachi Agdal - Rabat Tel: 212 37 67 09 71 Fax: 212 37 67 09 86

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Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Institute http://www.iav.ac.ma/ BP 6202-Instituts 10101 Rabat Tel: 212 37 77 17 45 Fax: 212 37 77 81 35

Institut des Hautes Etudes de Management Institute of Higher Management Studies http://www.hem.ac.ma

Institut des Hautes Etudes en Télcommunications et Management Institute of Higher Studies in Telecommunications et Management 3, rue Brahim Ibnou Adham Maârif Casablanca Tel: 212 22 98 25 25 Fax: 212 22 99 39 39

Institut des Mines de Marrakech Institute of Mines of Marrakesh Rue El Machaâr El Haram Issil 40000 Menara BP 2402, Marrakech Tel: 212 24 30 97 79 Fax: 212 44 313365

Institut Marocain de Management Moroccan Institute of Management http://www.imm.ac.ma Rue Chouia (angle du boulevard Mohammed V) Casablanca Tel: 212 22 20 22 88 Fax: 212 22 20 26 39

Institut National des Postes et Télécommunications National Institute of Postal Service and Telecommunications http://www.inpt.ac.ma/ 2, avenue Allal el Fasse Madinat Al Irfane Rabat Tel: 212 37 77 30 79 Fax: 212 37 77 30 44

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Institut National de Statistique et d’Economic Appliquée National Institute of Statistics and Applied Economics http://www.insea.ac.ma BP 6217 Madinat Al Irfane 10100 Rabat Tel: 212 37 77 48 59 Fax: 212 37 77 94 57

Institut Supérieur de Commerce et d’Administration des Enterprises Higher Institute of Business and Business Administration http://www.iscae.ma km 9, route de Nouasseur BP 8114 Oasis Casablanca Tel: 212 22 33 54 82 Fax: 212 22 33 54 96

Institut Supérieur de Formation en Technologie Alimentaire Higher Institute of Food Technology Training http://www.isfort.ac.ma/ 94, Rue Allal Ben Abdellah Casablanca Tel: 212 22 44 88 28 Fax: 212 22 44 88 26

Institut Supérieur de l’Administration Higher Institute of Administration 2, avenue de la Victoire BP 165 RabatT Tel: 212 37 26 02 29 Fax: 212 37 26 02 23

Institut Supérieur de l’Information et de la Communication Higher Institute of Information and communication http://www.isic.ac.ma BP 6205 Madinat Al Irfane Rabat Tel: 212 37 77 33 40 Fax: 212 37 77 27 89

Institut Supérieur d’Information Appliquée et de Management Higher Institute of Applied Information and Management http://www.isiam.ma BP 805 Boulevard Hassan 1er Agadir Tel: 212 28 22 32 10

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Institut Supérieur de Gestion et de Commerce Higher Institute of Management and Business 23, rue Hafid Ibrahim Quartier Gauthier Casablanca Tel: +212 02 26 63 12 Fax: +212 02 47 46 43

Institut Supérieur de Formation aux Techniques de Gestion Higher Institute of Management Training Techniques http://www.isoteg.net.ma 47, boulevard Pasteur Tanger Tel: 212 39 93 71 01 Fax: 212 39 37 17 71

Institut Supérieur du Génie Appliqué Higher Institute of Applied Engineering http://www.iga.ma/ Campuses in Casablanca, Rabat, Marrakesh and Mohammedia

International Institute for Higher Education in Morocco http://www.iihem.ac.ma/fr/src/home.php Avenue Imam Malik, km 4.2 Route des Zaërs Souissi Rabat Tel: 212 37 75 19 20 Fax: 212 37 65 97 70

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SAMPLE CREDENTIALS Baccalauréat de l’Enseignement Secondaire

Baccalauréat de l’Enseignement Secondaire (translation) ______

Kingdom of Morocco Ministry of National Education Academy of Kenitra

SECONDARY EDUCATION BACCALAUREATE

The Ministry of National Education attests, in light of the jury deliberations, that

Mr. ______

Enrolled in Lycée MOHAMED V

Delegation: KENITRA

Born: 23/01/1975 in KENITRA is declared admitted to the examination of the secondary education baccalaureate

Session: June 1996 Series: Modern Letters Grade: Passing

No: Made June 28, 1996

Copies of this attestation cannot be issued

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Licence d’Etudes Fondamentales

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Licence d’Etudes Fondamentales (translation) ______

Kingdom of Morocco Ministry of National Education, Training, and Scientific Research University Abdelmalek Essaadi Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences – Tetouan

University Logo

Basic Studies Licentiate

Legal language

In light of the verbal process of the jury proceedings of: 07/02/2007

The President of University Abdelmalek Essaadi attests that

Mr. XXXX

Born April 11, 1975 in Tangiers

National Identity Card No. XXXX

Inscription No. XXXX has been awarded the Basic Studies Licentiate

Series: English Studies Series

Mention: Passing

Made in Tetouan the 17 th of July 2007 The President of the University (signature)

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RESOURCES

Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world- factbook/geos/mo.html

Clark, Nick. Education in Morocco. World Education News and Review, April 2006. http://www.wes.org/ewenr/06apr/practical_morocco.htm

Minèstere de l’Education Nationale, de l’Enseignement Supérieur, de la Formation des Cadres et de la Recherche Scientifique (Ministry of National Education, Higher Education, Training and Scientific Research). Architecture Pedagogique Globale et Denominations des Diplômes Nationaux (http://81.192.52.38/des/Reforme )

Minèstere de l’Education Nationale, de l’Enseignement Supérieur, de la Formation des Cadres et de la Recherche Scientifique (Ministry of National Education, Higher Education, Training and Scientific Research): Educational Reform: http://www.dfc.gov.ma/Reforme/CHARTE.htm#Espace%20Il%20:%20Organisation%20p%C3%A 9dagogique

Minèstre de la Santé (Ministry of Health): http://www.sante.gov.ma

Grandes Ecoles: http://www.maroc-inge.com/ http://www.enssup.gov.ma/dajesp/etudes/cahier_normes_master.pdf

Law governing Brevet de Technicien Supérieur/BTS studies: http://enset- media.ac.ma/cpa/reglementation_bts_maroc.htm http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/pays-zones-geo_833/maroc_410/presentation-du- maroc_997/enseignement-superieur_71499.html

List of accredited majors: www.enssup.gov.ma/DES/filieresaccreditees/Filieres0708.htm

Information on private schools: www.enssup.gov.ma/dajesp/esp/index_esp.htm

National Framework on Education and Training: www.enssup.gov.ma/dajesp/loi/indes_loi.htm

ADMISSION AND PLACEMENT ADVICE

Note: The admission and placement advice listed below is solely the opinion of the author. It is advisory in nature and should not be considered definitive. Readers are encouraged to read the chapter text for more detailed information on the credential to form their own opinions.

Credential Description Entry Requirement Leads to Admissions Advice

Certificat de Fin d’Etudes de Awarded after completion of Age 6 Further education The Certificat de Fin d’Etudes de l’Enseignement Fondamental 6 years of primary school l’Enseignement Fondamental (Certificate of End of Basic (Certificate of End of Basic Studies) is Studies) comparable to completion of 6 th grade in the United States. Students may be placed in 7 th grade.

Certificat de Formation Awarded after completion of Certificat de Fin d’Etudes de Employment; does not lead The Certificat de Formation Professionnelle (Certificate of 2 years of a secondary l’Enseignement Fondamental to further education Professionnelle (Certificate of Professional Training) school vocational program (Certificate of End of Basic Studies) Professional Training) is comparable to completion of 2 years of . Students may be placed in 9 th grade.

Brevet d’Enseignement Awarded after completion of Certificat de Fin d’Etudes de Further education or The Brevet d’Enseignement Collégial/BEC (Lower 3 years of lower secondary l’Enseignement Fondamental employment Collégial/BEC (Lower Secondary Secondary School Certificate) school (Certificate of End of Basic Studies) School Certificate) is comparable to completion of 9 th grade in the United States. Students may be placed in 10 th grade.

Certificat de Qualification Awarded after completion of Certificat de Fin d’Etudes de Employment The Certificat de Qualification Professionnelle/CQP 2 years of a technical lower l’Enseignement Fondamental Professionnelle/CQP (Certificate of (Certificate of Professional secondary school program (Certificate of End of Basic Studies) Professional Qualification) is Qualification) comparable to completion of 11 th grade in the United States. Students may be placed in 12 th grade.

Diplôme de Technicien Awarded after completion of Completion of 11 years of primary and Employment; does not lead The Diplôme de Technicien (Technician Diploma) 1 years of vocational upper secondary education to post-secondary study (Technician Diploma) is comparable secondary school to completion of a vocational senior high school program in the United States. Students may be admitted to the freshman year at a college or university if this type of educational preparation is considered appropriate.

Baccalauréat Technique Awarded after completion of Brevet d’Enseignement Collégial/BEC Employment or further The Baccalauréat Technique (Technical Baccalaureate) a 3-year technical upper (Lower Secondary School Certificate) education (Technical Baccalaureate) is secondary school program comparable to completion of a technical senior high school program in the United States. Students may be admitted to the freshman year at a college or university without transfer credit if the student’s academic preparation is considered appropriate.

Baccalauréat de Awarded after completion of Brevet d’Enseignement Collégial/BEC Employment or further The Baccalauréat de l’Enseignement l’Enseignement Technologique a 3-year technical upper (Lower Secondary School Certificate) education Technologique et Professionnel et Professionnel (Technical secondary school program (Technical and Professional and Professional Baccalaureate) is comparable to Baccalaureate) completion of a technical or vocational senior high school program in the United States. Students may be admitted to the freshman year at a college or university without transfer credit if the student’s academic preparation is considered appropriate.

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Baccalauréat de Awarded after completion 3 Brevet d’Enseignement Collégial/BEC Employment or admission to The Baccalauréat de l’Enseignement l’Enseignement Originel of years of upper secondary (Lower Secondary School Certificate) the Université al-Karaouyine Originel (Islamic Theology (Islamic Theology school study in at an institut or to a faculty of letters or Baccalaureate) is comparable to Baccalaureate) d’enseignement original law at other universities completion of senior high school in (institute of theology); the United States. Students may be students select one of 3 admitted to the freshman year at a tracks: Sharia, language college or university without transfer arts, or experimental credit. sciences. All tracks have an emphasis on Arabic language, the Koran, and Islam.

Baccalauréat de Awarded after completion of Brevet d’Enseignement Collégial/BEC Employment or further The Baccalauréat de l’Enseignement l’Enseignement Général a 3-year general upper (Lower Secondary School Certificate) education Général (General Education (General Education secondary school program Baccalaureate) is comparable to Baccalaureate) completion of senior high school in the United States. Students may be admitted to the freshman year at a college or university without transfer credit.

Baccalauréat Scientifique (Scientific Baccalaureate) Awarded after completion of Brevet d’Enseignement Collégial/BEC Employment or further The Baccalauréat Scientifique a 3-year general upper (Lower Secondary School Certificate) education (Scientific Baccalaureate) is secondary school program comparable to completion of senior high school in the United States. Students may be admitted to the freshman year at a college or university without transfer credit.

Diplôme de Technicien Awarded after completion of Baccalauréat ( Baccalaureate) Employment; does not lead The Diplôme de Technicien Spécialisé (Diploma of 2 years of post-secondary to further education Spécialisé (Diploma of Specialized Specialized Technician) technical/vocation study Technician) is comparable to completion of 2 years of undergraduate study in the United States. Up to 60 semester transfer credits may be awarded on a course- by-course basis if this program is considered appropriate preparation.

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Brevet de Technicen Awarded after completion of Baccalauréat Technique (Technical Employment; does not lead The Brevet de Technicen Supérieur/BTS (Higher 2 years of post-secondary Baccalaureate) to further education Supérieur/BTS (Higher Technician Technician Certificate) technical studies Certificate) is comparable to completion of 2 years of undergraduate study in the United States. Up to 60 semester transfer credits may be awarded on a course- by-course basis if this program is considered appropriate preparation.

Certificat Universitaire Awarded after completion of Baccalauréat (Baccalaureate) Employment or further The Certificat Universitaire d’Etudes d’Etudes de Droit/CUED 2 years of undergraduate education de Droit/CUED (University Certificate (University Certificate of Law study of law of Law Studies) is comparable to Studies) completion of 2 years of undergraduate study in the United States. Up to 60 semester transfer credits may be awarded on a course- by-course basis.

Certificat Universitaire Awarded after completion of Baccalauréat (Baccalaureate) Employment or further The Certificat Universitaire d’Etudes d’Etudes Economiques/CUEE 2 years of undergraduate education Economiques/CUEE (University (University Certificate of study of economics Certificate of Economics Studies) is Economics Studies) comparable to completion of 2 years of undergraduate study in the United States. Up to 60 semester transfer credits may be awarded on a course- by-course basis.

Certificat Universitaire Awarded after completion of Baccalauréat (Baccalaureate) Employment or further The Certificat Universitaire d’Etudes d’Etudes Littéraires/CUEL 2 years of undergraduate education Littéraires/CUEL (University (University Certificate of study Certificate of Literary Studies) is Literary Studies) comparable to completion of 2 years of undergraduate study in the United States. Up to 60 semester transfer credits may be awarded on a course- by-course basis.

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Certificat Universitaire Awarded after completion of Baccalauréat (Baccalaureate) Employment or further The Certificat Universitaire d’Etudes d’Etudes Scientifiques/CUES 2 years of undergraduate education Scientifiques/CUES (University (University Certificate of study Certificate of Scientific Studies) is Scientific Studies) comparable to completion of 2 years of undergraduate study in the United States. Up to 60 semester transfer credits may be awarded on a course- by-course basis.

Completion of a classes Classes preparatoires aux Baccalauréat (Baccalaureate) Employment or further Completion of a classes preparatoires preparatoires aux grandes grandes écoles/CPGE education aux grandes écoles/CPGE écoles/CPGE (preparatory (preparatory class for higher (preparatory class for higher schools) class for higher schools) schools) is a 2-year program program is comparable to completion program to prepare students for of 2 years of undergraduate study in admission to a grande école the United States. Up to 60 semester (higher school). transfer credits may be awarded on a course-by-course basis.

Diplôme d’Adjoint Technique Awarded after completion of Baccalauréat ( Baccalaureate) ) or Employment; does not lead The Diplôme d’Adjoint Technique Spécialisé (Diploma of Adjunct 2 years of post-secondary Baccalauréat Technique (Technical to further education Spécialisé (Diploma of Adjunct Specialized Technique) technical studies Baccalaureate) Specialized Technique) is comparable to completion of 2 years of undergraduate study in the United States. Up to 60 semester transfer credits may be awarded on a course- by-course basis if this program is considered appropriate preparation.

Diplôme Conseiller Social Awarded after completion of Baccalauréat (Baccalaureate) plus an Employment as a social The Diplôme Conseiller Social (Diploma of Social Worker) 2 years of post-secondary entrance examination worker or further education (Diploma of Social Worker) is study at the Institut National comparable to completion of 2 years de l’Action Sociale (National of undergraduate study in the United Institute of Social Action) States. Up to 60 semester transfer credits may be awarded on a course- by-course basis.

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Diplôme d’Educateur (Diploma Awarded after completion of Baccalauréat (Baccalaureate) and an Employment or further The Diplôme d’Educateur (Diploma of of Educator) awarded by the 2 years of post-secondary entrance examination education Educator) awarded by the Institut Institut Royal de Formation study at the Royal Institute Royal de Formation des Cadres de la des Cadres de la Jeunesse et for Training of Youth and Jeunesse et des Sports (Royal des Sports (Diploma of Royal Sports Administrators; areas Institute for Training of Youth and Institute of Training of Youth of specialization: youth, Sports Administrators) is comparable and Sports Administrators)) sports, kindergarten to completion of 2 years of undergraduate study in the United States. Up to 60 semester transfer credits may be awarded on a course- by-course basis.

Diplôme d’Etudes Awarded after completion of Baccalauréat (Baccalaureate) Employment or further The Diplôme d’Etudes Universitaires Universitaires 2 years of undergraduate education Générales/DEUG (Diploma of Générales/DEUG (Diploma of study General University Studies) is General University Studies) comparable to completion of 2 years of undergraduate study in the United States. Up to 60 semester transfer credits may be awarded on a course- by-course basis.

Diplôme d’Etudes Awarded after completion of Baccalauréat (Baccalaureate) Employment or further The Diplôme d’Etudes Universitaires Universitaires de 2 years of undergraduate education de Technologie/DEUT (Diploma of Technologie/DEUT (Diploma study University Technological Studies) is of University Technological comparable to completion of 2 years Studies) of undergraduate study in the United States. Up to 60 semester transfer credits may be awarded on a course- by-course basis.

Diplôme de Professeur de Awarded after completion of Baccalauréat ( Baccalaureate), Diplôme Employment as lower The Diplôme de Professeur de Premier Cycle (Lower 2 years of study at a centre d’Etudes Universitaires secondary school (collège) Premier Cycle (Lower Secondary Secondary School Teacher pédagogique régional Générales/DEUG (Diploma of General teacher; does not lead to School Teacher Diploma) is Diploma) (regional teacher training University Studies) or a comparable 2- further education comparable to completion of 2 years center); students who hold a year diploma, plus an entrance of undergraduate study in the United Diplôme d’Etudes examination States. Up to 60 semester transfer Universitaires credits may be awarded on a course- Générales/DEUG (Diploma by-course basis if this program is of General University considered appropriate preparation. Studies) or a comparable 2- year diploma enter the 2 nd year of this program

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Diplôme de Technicien Awarded after completion of Baccalauréat ( Baccalaureate) or Employment; does not lead The Diplôme de Technicien Supérieur Supérieur (Higher Technician 2 years of post-secondary Baccalauréat Technique (Technical to further education (Higher Technician Diploma) is Diploma) technical studies Baccalaureate) comparable to completion of 2 years of undergraduate study in the United States. Up to 60 semester transfer credits may be awarded on a course- by-course basis if this program is considered appropriate preparation.

Diplôme de Technicien Awarded after completion of Baccalauréat ( Baccalaureate) or Employment; does not lead The Diplôme de Technicien Spécialisé (Specialized 2 years of post-secondary Baccalauréat Technique (Technical to further education Spécialisé (Specialized Technician Technician Diploma) technical studies Baccalaureate) Diploma) is comparable to completion of 2 years of undergraduate study in the United States. Up to 60 semester transfer credits may be awarded on a course-by-course basis if this program is considered appropriate preparation.

Diplôme d’Ingénieur Awarded after completion of Baccalauréat ( Baccalaureate) ) or Employment or further The Diplôme d’Ingénieur d’Application (Applied 2 years of post-secondary Baccalauréat Technique (Technical education d’Application (Applied Engineering Engineering Diploma) applied engineering study Baccalaureate) Diploma) is comparable to completion of 2 years of undergraduate study in the United States. Up to 60 semester transfer credits may be awarded on a course-by-course basis.

Diplôme du Cycle de Awarded after completion of Baccalauréat (Baccalaureate) Employment The Diplôme du Cycle de Formation Formation en Gestion 28 months of post- en Gestion Administrative (Diploma of Administrative (Diploma of secondary study at the Administrative Management Training Administrative Management Ecole Nationale Cycle) is comparable to completion of Training Cycle) awarded by d’Administration (National 2.5 years of undergraduate study in the Ecole Nationale School of Administration) the United States. Up to 75 semester d’Administration (National transfer credits may be awarded on a School of Administration) course-by-course basis.

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Diplôme du Premier Cycle de Awarded after completion of Baccalauréat (Baccalaureate) and an Employment or further The Diplôme du Premier Cycle de l’Institut National des Beaux 2 years of study at the entrance examination education l’Institut National des Beaux Arts Arts (First Cycle Diploma of National Institute of Fine (First Cycle Diploma of the National the National Institute of Fine Arts Institute of Fine Arts) is comparable Arts) to completion of 2 years of undergraduate study in the United States. Up to 60 semester transfer credits may be awarded on a course- by-course basis.

Diplôme du Premier Cycle en Awarded after completion of Baccalauréat (Baccalaureate) and an Employment or further The Diplôme du Premier Cycle en Sciences de l’Archéologie et 2 years of study at the entrance examination de l’Archéologie et du du Patrimoine (First Cycle National Institute of Patrimoine (First Cycle Diploma in Diploma in Archeological Archeological Sciences and Archeological Sciences and Heritage) Sciences and Heritage) Heritage is comparable to completion of 2 years of undergraduate study in the United States. Up to 60 semester transfer credits may be awarded on a course-by-course basis.

Diplôme Universitaire de Awarded after completion of Baccalauréat (Baccalaureate) Employment or further The Diplôme Universitaire de Technologie/DUT (University 2 years of undergraduate education Technologie/DUT (University Diploma Diploma of Technology) study in a faculty of law, of Technology) is comparable to economics, or social science completion of 2 years of undergraduate study in the United States. Up to 60 semester transfer credits may be awarded on a course- by-course basis.

Diplôme du Cycle Awarded after completion of Any two-year, post-secondary diploma Employment; does not lead The Diplôme du Cycle Approfondie/DCA (Advanced 1 year of post-secondary to further education Approfondie/DCA (Advanced Cycle Cycle Diploma) study Diploma) is comparable to completion of 1 year of undergraduate study in the United States. When combined with a two-year, post-secondary diploma, up to 90 semester transfer credits may be awarded on a course- by-course basis.

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Certificat d’Aptitude Awarded after completion of Diplôme d’Etudes Universitaires The Certificat d’Aptitude Professionnelle (Certificate of 1 year of study at a Centre Générales/DEUG (Diploma of General Employment as a primary Professionnelle (Certificate of Professional Ability) awarded de Formation des University Studies), plus an entrance school teacher; does not Professional Ability) is comparable to by a Centre de Formation des Instituteurs (Primary School examination lead to further education completion of 1 year of Instituteurs (Primary School Teacher Training Center undergraduate study in the United Teacher Training Center) States. When combined with the Diplôme d’Etudes Universitaires Générales/DEUG (Diploma of General University Studies), up to 90 semester transfer credits may be awarded on a course-by-course basis.

Diplôme du Cycle Awarded after completion of Diplôme d’Etudes Universitaires Employment as a lower The Diplôme du Cycle Pédagogique Pédagogique (Pedagogical 1 year of post-secondary Générales/DEUG (Diploma of General secondary school (collège) (Pedagogical Cycle Diploma) is Cycle Diploma) study at a Centre University Studies), plus Moroccan teacher or further education comparable to completion of 1 year of Pédagogique Regional nationality and an entrance examination undergraduate study in the United (Regional Teacher Training States. When combined with the Center) Diplôme d’Etudes Universitaires Générales/DEUG (Diploma of General University Studies), up to 90 semester transfer credits may be awarded on a course-by-course basis.

Diplôme d’Etat d’Infirmier Awarded after completion of Baccalauréat (Baccalaureate) and an Employment as a nurse or The Diplôme d’Etat d’Infirmier (State (State Nurse Diploma) 3 years of post-secondary entrance examination further education in a Nurse Diploma) is comparable to study of nursing nursing speciality completion of 3 years of undergraduate study in the United States. Up to 90 semester transfer credits may be awarded on a course- by-course basis.

Diplôme de l’Ecole Supérieure Awarded after completion of Baccalauréat (Baccalaureate) and an Employment as a The Diplôme de l’Ecole Supérieure de Kinésithérapie (Diploma of 3 years of post-secondary entrance examination kinesiotherapist or further de Kinésithérapie (Diploma of the the Higher School of study of kinesiotherapy education Higher School of Kinesiotherapy)) is Kinesiotherapy) (physical therapy) comparable to completion of 3 years of undergraduate study in the United States. Up to 90 semester transfer credits may be awarded on a course- by-course basis.

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Licence Professionnelle Awarded after completion of Diplôme d’Etudes Universitaires Employment or further The Licence Professionnelle (Professional Licentiate) – first 1 year of university study Générales/DEUG (Diploma of General education (Professional Licentiate) is awarded in the 2005-06 University Studies) OR Diplôme comparable to completion of 3 years academic year d’Etudes Universitaires de of undergraduate study in the United Technologie/DEUT (Diploma of States. When combined with the University Technological Studies) Diplôme d’Etudes Universitaires Générales/DEUG (Diploma of General University Studies) or a Diplôme d’Etudes Universitaires de Technologie/DEUT (Diploma of University Technological Studies), up to 90 semester transfer credits may be awarded on a course-by-course basis.

Licence d’Etudes Awarded after completion of Diplôme d’Etudes Universitaires Employment or further The Licence d’Etudes Fondamentales Fondamentales (Basic Studies 1 year of university study Générales/DEUG (Diploma of General education (Basic Studies Licentiate) is Licentiate) - first awarded in University Studies) or a Diplôme comparable to completion of 3 years the 2005-06 academic year d’Etudes Universitaires de of undergraduate study in the United Technologie/DEUT (Diploma of States. When combined with the University Technological Studies) Diplôme d’Etudes Universitaires Générales/DEUG (Diploma of General University Studies) or a Diplôme d’Etudes Universitaires de Technologie/DEUT (Diploma of University Technological Studies), up to 90 semester transfer credits may be awarded on a course-by-course basis.

Diplôme d’Ingénieur (Diploma Awarded after completion of Baccalauréat (Baccalaureate), Diplôme Employment The Diplôme d’Ingénieur (Diploma of of Engineer) 3 years of post-secondary d’Etudes Universitaire Générales/DEUG Engineer) is comparable to study of engineering; (Diploma of General University completion of 3 years of awarded after 2 years of Studies), Certificat Universitaire undergraduate study in the United study following a DEUG or d’Etudes Scientifiques/CUES, States. Up to 90 semester transfer CUES (University Certificate of Scientific credits may be awarded on a course- Studies), Maîtrise (Master), plus an by-course basis. entrance examination (concours)

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Diplôme de Gestionnaire Awarded after 2 years of Diplôme de Conseiller Social (Diploma Employment as a social The Diplôme de Gestionnaire (Diploma of Manager) awarded post-secondary study of Social Worker), plus an entrance work manager (Diploma of Manager) is comparable by the Institut National de examination to a bachelor’s degree in the United l’Action Sociale (National States. Institute of Social Action)

Diplôme d’Informatiste Awarded after completion of Baccalauréat (Baccalaureate) plus an Employment as a librarian or The Diplôme d’Informatiste (Diploma (Diploma of Librarian) 4 years of post-secondary entrance examination (concours) further education of Librarian) is comparable to a study at the Ecole des bachelor’s degree in the United Sciences de l’Information States. (School of Information Sciences)

Diplôme de l’Ecole Normale Awarded after completion of Baccalauréat (Baccalaureate), plus an Employment as an upper The Diplôme de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure (Diploma of the 4 years of post-secondary entrance examination (concours) secondary school (lycée) Supérieure (Diploma of the Higher Higher Teacher Training study at a Ecole Normale teacher or further education Teacher Training School) is School) Supérieure (Higher Teacher comparable to a bachelor’s degree in Training School) the United States.

Diplôme de l’Institut Royal de Awarded after completion of Baccalauréat (Baccalaureate) plus an Employment The Diplôme de l’Institut Royal de Formation des Cadres de la 4 years of post-secondary entrance examination (concours) Formation des Cadres de la Jeunesse et des Sports study at the Royal Institute Jeunesse et des Sports (Diploma of (Diploma of Royal Institute of of Training of Youth and Royal Institute of Training of Youth Training of Youth and Sports Sports Administrators and Sports Administrators) is Administrators) comparable to a bachelor’s degree in the United States.

Bachelor of Arts from Al- Awarded after completion of Baccalauréat (Baccalaureate) or Employment or further The Bachelor of Arts from Al- Akhawayn University 4 years of university study credential deemed comparable to education Akhawayn University is comparable completion of senior secondary school to a bachelor’s degree in the United States.

Bachelor of Science from Al- Awarded after completion of Baccalauréat (Baccalaureate) or Employment or further The Bachelor of Science from Al- Akhawayn University 4 years of university study credential deemed comparable to education Akhawayn University is comparable completion of senior secondary school to a bachelor’s degree in the United States.

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Diplôme du Deuxième Cycle Awarded after completion of Diplôme du Premier Cycle de l’Institut Employment The Diplôme du Deuxième Cycle de de l’Institut National des Beaux 2 years of study at the National des Beaux Arts (First Cycle l’Institut National des Beaux Arts Arts (Second Cycle Diploma of National Institute of Fine Diploma of the National Institute of Fine (Second Cycle Diploma of the the National Institute of Fine Arts Arts) National Institute of Fine Arts) is Arts) comparable to a bachelor’s degree in the United States.

Diplôme du Deuxième Cycle Awarded after completion of Diplôme du Premier Cycle en Sciences Employment The Diplôme du Deuxième Cycle en en Sciences de l’Archéologie 2 years of study at the de l’Archéologie et du Patrimoine (First Sciences de l’Archéologie et du et du Patrimoine (Second National Institute of Cycle Diploma in Archeological Patrimoine (Second Cycle Diploma in Cycle Diploma in Archeological Archeological Sciences and Sciences and Heritage) Archeological Sciences and Heritage) Sciences and Heritage) Heritage is comparable to a bachelor’s degree in the United States.

Licence (Licentiate) Awarded after completion of Certificat Universitaire d’Etudes Employment or further The Licence (Licentiate) is 4 semesters years of Littéraires/CUEL (University Certificate education comparable to a bachelor’s degree in LAST AWARDED IN THE university study of Literary Studies), Certificat the United States. 2005-06 ACADEMIC YEAR Universitaire d’Etudes Scientifiques/CUES (University Certificate of Scientific Studies), Certificat Universitaire d’Etudes de Droit/CUED (University Certificate of Law Studies), Certificat Universitaire d’Etudes Economics/CUEE (University Certificate of Economics Studies), Diplôme d’Etudes Universitaires Générales/DEUG (Diploma of General University Studies), or Diplôme d’Etudes Universitaires de Technologie/DEUT (Diploma of University Technological Studies)

Maîtrise Es-Sciences et Awarded after completion of Diplôme d’Etudes Universitaires Employment or further The Maîtrise Es-Sciences et Techniques (Master of 4 semesters of post- Générales/DEUG (Diploma of General education Techniques (Master of Sciences and Sciences and Techniques) secondary study University Studies) or a Diplôme Techniques) is comparable to a d’Etudes Universitaires de bachelor’s degree in the United LAST AWARDED IN THE Technologie/DEUT (Diploma of States. 2005-06 ACADEMIC YEAR University Technological Studies)

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Diplôme de l’Institut Supérieur Awarded after completion of Baccalauréat (Baccalaureate) and an Employment The Diplôme de l’Institut Supérieur d’Art Dramatique et 4 years of post-secondary entrance examination d’Art Dramatique et d’Animation d’Animation Culturelle study at the Higher Institute Culturelle (Diploma of Higher Institute (Diploma of Higher Institute of of Dramatic Arts and of Dramatic Arts and Cultural Dramatic Arts and Cultural Cultural Activities; Activities) is comparable to a Activities) specializations: acting, bachelor’s degree in the United directing States.

Diplôme du Cycle Normal Awarded after 4 years of Baccalauréat Scientifique (Scientific Employment or further The Diplôme du Cycle Normal (Diploma of Normal Cycle) post-secondary study at the Baccalaureate) and an entrance education (Diploma of Normal Cycle) is awarded by the Institut Institut Supérieur de examination comparable to a bachelor’s degree in Supérieur de Commerce et Commerce et the United States. d’Administration des d’Administration des Entreprises (Higher Institute of Entreprises (Higher Institute Business and Enterprise of Business and Enterprise Administration) Administration)

Diplôme d’Ingénieur des Eaux Awarded after completion of Baccalauréat (Baccalaureate) Employment or further The Diplôme d’Ingénieur des Eaux et et Forets (Diploma of Water 4 years of post-secondary education Forets (Diploma of Water and and Forestry Engineer) study of engineering Forestry Engineer) is comparable to a bachelor’s degree in the United States.

Diplôme Supérieur (Higher Awarded after completion of Baccalauréat (Baccalaureate) Employment or further The Diplôme Supérieur (Higher Diploma) 4 years of post-secondary education Diploma) is comparable to a study of business bachelor’s degree in the United States.

Diplôme d’Ingénieur Agronome Awarded after completion of Baccalauréat (Baccalaureate or Employment or further The Diplôme d’Ingénieur Agronome (Diploma of Agronomy 5 years of post-secondary Diplôme d’Ingénieur d’Application education (Diploma of Agronomy Engineer) is Engineer) study of agronomy; awarded (Applied Engineering Diploma), plus an comparable to a bachelor’s degree in after completion of 2 years entrance examination the United States. Some graduate of post-secondary study if credit may be considered on a preceded by a Diplôme course-by-course basis if the d’Ingénieur d’Application preparation is considered (Applied Engineering appropriate. Diploma)

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Diplôme d’Ingénieur d’Etat Awarded after completion of Diplôme d’Etudes Universitaires Employment as an engineer The Diplôme d’Ingénieur d’Etat (State (State Engineer Diploma) 3 years of post-secondary Générales/DEUG (Diploma of General or further education Engineer Diploma) is comparable to a study of engineering; University Studies) or a Certificat bachelor’s degree in the United awarded after completion of Universitaire d’Etudes States. Some graduate credit may be 2 years of post-secondary Scientifiques/CUES (University considered on a course-by-course study if preceded by a Certificate of Scientific Studies, OR a basis if the preparation is considered maîtrise maîtrise plus a transcript review, OR appropriate. completion of a classes preparatoires aux grandes écoles/CPGE (preparatory class for higher schools) program, ) plus an entrance examination (concours)

Diplôme de Traducteur Awarded after completion of Certificat Universitaire d’Etudes Employment as a translator The Diplôme de Traducteur (Diploma (Diploma of Translator) – only 3 years of post-secondary Littéraires/CUEL (University Certificate or further education of Translator) is comparable to a offered at the Ecole study of translation (2 years of Literary Studies) or Licence bachelor’s degree in the United Supérieure Roi Fahd de for students who hold a (Licentiate) States. Traduction (King Fahd Higher licence) School of Translation)

Diplôme d’Architecte (Diploma Awarded after completion of Baccalauréat (Baccalaureate) Employment as an architect The Diplôme d’Architecte (Diploma of of Architect) 6 years of post-secondary or further education Architect) is comparable to a first study in architecture professional degree in architecture in the United States.

Diplôme de l’Ecole National de Awarded after completion of Baccalauréat, Brevet de Technicien Employment or further The Diplôme de l’Ecole National de Commerce et de Gestion 5 years of post-secondary Supérieur/BTS, Diplôme Universitaire education Commerce et de Gestion (Diploma of (Diploma of the National study; awarded after 3 years de Technologie/DUT, Diplôme d’Etudes the National School of Business and School of Business and of study if preceded by a Universitaires Générales/DEUG or a Management) is comparable to a Management) BTS, DUT or DEUG ; after 2 Licence bachelor’s degree in the United years of study if preceded by States. Some graduate credit may be a Licence considered on a course-by-course basis if the preparation is considered appropriate.

Certificat d’Etudes Awarded after completion of Licence (Licentiate) or Maîtrise Es- Employment or further The Certificat d’Etudes Approfondies Approfondies (Certificate of 1 year of graduate study Sciences et Techniques (Master of education (Certificate of Advanced Studies) is Advanced Studies) Sciences and Techniques) comparable to completion of 1 year of graduate study in the United States. Up to 1 year of graduate transfer credit may be awarded on a course- by-course basis.

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Certificate d’Aptitude à Awarded after completion of Licence (Licentiate) awarded after 4 Employment as an upper The Certificate d’Aptitude à l’Enseignement du Second 1 year of study at a Ecole years or a diploma deemed equivalent, secondary school (lycée) l’Enseignement du Second Degré Degré (Certificate of Second Normale Supérieure (Higher plus written and oral entrance teacher or further education (Certificate of Second Level Teaching Level Teaching Ability) Teacher Training School) examinations Ability) is comparable to completion of a post-baccalaureate teacher certification program in the United States. Up to 1 year of graduate transfer credit may be awarded on a course-by-course basis.

Mastere (Master) Awarded after completion of Any diploma awarded after 4-5 years of Employment The Mastere (Master) is comparable 1 year graduate study study after a Baccalauréat to completion of 1 year of graduate (Baccalaureate) study in the United States. Up to 1 year of graduate transfer credit may be awarded on a course-by-course basis.

Diplôme d’Agrégation Awarded after completion of Licence (Licentiate) awarded after 4 Employment as an upper The Diplôme d’Agrégation (Diploma (Diploma of Aggregation) 2 years of study at a Ecole years or a Diplôme de l’Ecole Normale secondary school (lycée) of Aggregation) awarded by an Ecole awarded by an Ecole Normale Normale Supérieure (Higher Supérieure (Diploma of the Higher teacher Normale Supérieure (Higher Teacher Supérieure (Higher Teacher Teacher Training School) Teacher Training School), plus 4 years Training School) is comparable to a Training School) of work experience, and written and oral master’s degree in the United States. entrance examinations

Diplôme d’Informatiste Awarded after completion of Diplôme d’Informatiste (Diploma of Employment as a librarian The Diplôme d’Informatiste Spécialisé Spécialisé (Diploma of 2 years of graduate study at Librarian) or a Licence (Licentiate) (Diploma of Specialized Librarian) is Specialized Librarian) the Ecole des Sciences de awarded after 4 years, plus an entrance comparable to a master’s degree in l’Information (School of examination the United States. Information Sciences)

Diplôme du Cycle Supérieur Awarded after completion of Diplôme de l’Institut Royal de Formation Employment The Diplôme du Cycle Supérieur de de l’Institut Royal de Formation 2 years of graduate study des Cadres de la Jeunesse et des l’Institut Royal de Formation des des Cadres de la Jeunesse et Sports (Diploma of Royal Institute of Cadres de la Jeunesse et des Sports des Sports (Higher Cycle Training of Youth and Sports (Higher Cycle Diploma of Royal Diploma of Royal Institute of Administrators) plus an entrance Institute of Training of Youth and Training of Youth and Sports examination Sports Administrators) is comparable Administrators) to a master’s degree in the United States.

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Diplôme du Cycle Supérieur Awarded after completion of Diplôme d’Ingénieur d’Etat (State Employment The Diplôme du Cycle Supérieur (Higher Cycle Diploma) 2-3 years of graduate study Engineer Diploma), Diplôme du Cycle (Higher Cycle Diploma) awarded by awarded by the Institut at the Institut Supérieur de Normal (Diploma of Normal Cycle), the Institut Supérieur de Commerce Supérieur de Commerce et Commerce et Licence (Licentiate) awarded after 4 et d’Administration des Entreprises d’Administration des d’Administration des years of study, plus 3-4 years of work (Higher Institute of Business and Entreprises (Higher Institute of Entreprises (Higher Institute experience and an entrance Enterprise Administration) is Business and Enterprise of Business and Enterprise examination comparable to a master’s degree in Administration) Administration) the United States.

Master (Master) – first Awarded after completion of Licence d’Etudes Fondamentales Employment or further The Master (Master) is comparable to awarded in 2009 2 years of university study (Basic Studies Licentiate); students who education a master’s degree in the United hold a Licence Professionnelle States. (Professional Licentiate) can be considered after relevant employment experience and passing an entrance examination

Master Spécialisé (Specialized Awarded after completion of Licence d’Etudes Fondamentales Employment or further The Master Spécialisé (Specialized Master) – first awarded in 2009 2 years of university study (Basic Studies Licentiate); students who education Master) is comparable to a master’s hold a Licence Professionnelle degree in the United States. (Professional Licentiate) can be considered after relevant employment experience and passing an entrance examination

Diplôme d’Inspecteur (Diploma Awarded after completion of Licence (Licentiate) awarded after 4 Employment The Diplôme d’Inspecteur (Diploma of of Inspector) awarded by the 2 years of post-graduate years of study plus Moroccan nationality Inspector) is comparable to a Ecole de Perfectionnement study master’s degree in the United States. des Cadres du Ministere de l’Interieur (Administrative Training School of Ministry of the Interior)

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Diplôme d’Agent d’Autorité Awarded after completion of Licence (Licentiate) awarded after 4 Employment The Diplôme d’Agent d’Autorité (Diploma of Authority Agent) 3 years of post-graduate years of study plus Moroccan nationality (Diploma of Authority Agent) is awarded by the Ecole de study comparable to a master’s degree in Perfectionnement des Cadres the United States. du Ministere de l’Interieur (Administrative Training School of Ministry of the Interior)

Diplôme d’Etudes Awarded after completion of Diplôme d’Architecte (Diploma of Employment or further The Diplôme d’Etudes Supérieures/DES (Diploma of 2 years of graduate study Architect) or Diplôme d’Ingénieur d’Etat education Supérieures/DES (Diploma of Higher Higher Studies) and defense of a (State Engineer) Studies) is comparable to a master’s dissertation degree in the United States.

Diplôme d’Etudes Supérieures Awarded after completion of Licence (Licentiate) awarded after 4 Employment or further The Diplôme d’Etudes Supérieures Specialisées/DESS (Diploma 2 years of graduate study years of study or a Maîtrise (Master) education Specialisées/DESS (Diploma of of Higher Specialized Studies) and defense of a Higher Specialized Studies) is dissertation comparable to a master’s degree in the United States.

Diplôme d’Etudes Supérieurs Awarded after completion of Licence (Licentiate) awarded after 4 Employment or further The Diplôme d’Etudes Supérieures Approfondies/DESA (Diploma 1-2 years of graduate study years of study or a Maîtrise (Master) education Specialisées/DESS (Diploma of of Advanced Higher Studies) and defense of a Higher Specialized Studies) is dissertation comparable to a master’s degree in the United States.

Diplôme Supérieur de Awarded after completion of Diplôme de Traducteur (Diploma of Employment as a translator The Diplôme Supérieur de Traduction Traduction (Higher Diploma of 2 years of graduate study of Translator) (Higher Diploma of Translation) is Translation) - only offered at translation comparable to a master’s degree in the Ecole Supérieure Roi Fahd the United States. de Traduction (King Fahd Higher School of Translation)

Diplôme Supérieur Awarded after completion of Diplôme de Traducteur (Diploma of Employment as an The Diplôme Supérieur d’Interprétariat (Higher 2 years of graduate study of Translator) interpreter d’Interprétariat (Higher Diploma of Diploma of Interpreting) - only interpretation Interpreting) is comparable to a offered at the Ecole master’s degree in the United States. Supérieure Roi Fahd de Traduction (King Fahd Higher School of Translation)

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Master of Arts from Al- Awarded after completion of Licence (Licentiate) awarded after 4 Employment or further The Master of Arts from Al-Akhawayn Akhawayn University 2 years of graduate study years or a diploma deemed to be education University is comparable to a comparable master’s degree in the United States.

Master of Science from Al- Awarded after completion of Licence (Licentiate) awarded after 4 Employment or further The Master of Science from Al- Akhawayn University 2 years of graduate study years or a diploma deemed to be education Akhawayn University is comparable comparable; some programs may to a master’s degree in the United require at least one year of work States. experience

Master of Business Awarded after completion of Licence (Licentiate) awarded after 4 Employment or further The Master of Business Administration from Al- 2 years of graduate study years or a diploma deemed to be education Administration from Al-Akhawayn Akhawayn University comparable, and least one year of work University is comparable to a experience master’s degree in the United States.

Docteur en Pharmacie (Doctor Awarded after completion of Diplôme d’Etudes Universitaires Employment as a The Docteur en Pharmacie (Doctor of of Pharmacy) 4 years of post-secondary Générales/DEUG (Diploma of General pharmacist or further Pharmacy) is comparable to a first study of pharmacy University Studies) plus an entrance education professional degree in pharmacy in examination (concours) the United States.

Docteur en Médecine Dentaire Awarded after completion of Baccalauréat (Baccalaureate) Employment as a dentist or The Docteur en Médecine Dentaire (Doctor of Dental Medicine) 5 years of university study of further education (Doctor of Dental Medicine) is veterinary medicine comparable to a first professional degree in veterinary medicine in the United States.

Docteur en Médecine (Doctor Awarded after completion of Baccalauréat (Baccalaureate) Employment as a doctor or The Docteur en Médecine (Doctor of of Medicine) 7 years of university study of further education Medicine) is comparable to a first medicine professional degree in medicine in the United States.

Diplôme en Administration Awarded after completion of Docteur en Pharmacie (Doctor of Employment The Diplôme en Administration Sanitaire (Diploma in Health 2 years of study at the Pharmacy), Docteur en Médecine Sanitaire (Diploma in Health Administration) Institut National Dentaire (Doctor of Dental Medicine) or Administration) is comparable to a d’Administration Sanitaire Docteur en Médecine (Doctor of master’s degree in the United States. (National Institute of Health Medicine), plus 3 years of employment Administration) and an entrance examination

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Diplôme Nationale Awarded after completion of Docteur en Médecine Dentaire (Doctor Employment as a specialty The Diplôme Nationale d’Odontologie d’Odontologie (National 4 years of post-graduate of Dental Medicine) dentist (National Diploma of Dentistry) is Diploma of Dentistry) study of a dental specialty comparable to post-graduate training in a dental specialty in the United States.

Diplôme de Specialité Awarded after completion of Docteur en Médecine (Doctor of Employment as a doctor in a The Diplôme de Specialité Médicale Médicale (Diploma of Medical 3-5 years of post-graduate Medicine) medical specialty (Diploma of Medical Specialty) is Specialty) study of a medical specialty comparable to post-graduate training in a medical specialty in the United States.

Doctor (Doctorate) Awarded after completion of Master (Master) or Master Spécialisé Employment The Doctor (Doctorate) is comparable 3 years of graduate study (Specialized Master) to an earned doctorate in the United and research, and defense States. of a dissertation

Doctorat (Doctorate) Awarded after completion of Diplôme d’Etudes Supérieures/DES Employment The Doctorat (Doctorate) is 3-5 years of graduate study (Diploma of Higher Studies) or Diplôme comparable to an earned doctorate in and research, and defense d’Etudes Supérieurs the United States. of a dissertation Approfondies/DESA (Diploma of Advanced Higher Studies)

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