HRA Screening- Ivy Cottage Bordon GU35

Unit 13 & 14, Sandy Farm Business Centre, Sands Road, Farnham, GU10 1PX Email: [email protected] www.darwin-ecology.co.uk

Ecological walkover and Information to inform a HRA

Ivy Cottage, Bordon, Lindford GU35 0DE

April 2021

Darwin Ecology Ltd Registered Office: 8 Layton Lane, Shaftesbury, Dorset SP7 8EY Company No. 07654823 Ivy Cottage, Bordon - Information for HRA

QUALITY CONTROL

The information which we have prepared and provided is true, and has been prepared and provided in accordance with the Chartered Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management’s Code of Professional Conduct.

Prepared by Genevieve Labram- Ecologist March 2021

Checked by Holly Stanworth- Senior Ecologist April 2021

This report remains valid for 12 months from date of issue.

Survey data are valid for 12-24 months from the date the survey was undertaken.

This report is intended for the commissioning party only and should not be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written permission from Darwin Ecology Ltd.

This report has been prepared for the sole use of the client. Any third party referring to this report or relying on the information contained herein, does so entirely at their own risk.

Whilst every effort has been made to guarantee the accuracy of this report, it should be noted that living creatures are capable of migration and whilst protected species may not have been located during the survey duration, their presence may be found on site at a later date.

The views and opinions contained within the document are based on a reasonable timeframe between the completion of the survey and the commencement of any works. If there is any delay between the commencement of works that may conflict with timeframes laid out within this document, or have the potential to allow the ingress of protected species, a suitably qualified ecologist should be consulted.

It is the duty of care of the landowner/developer to act responsibly and comply with current environmental legislation if protected species are suspected or found prior to works.

2 Ivy Cottage, Bordon - Information for HRA 1. Executive summary

1.1. Darwin Ecology Ltd. have been commissioned to provide a report to inform a Habitats Regulations Assessment (HRA) for the proposed development at Ivy Cottage, Bordon, Surrey, This assessment was triggered as the site falls 1.63km south from the Wealden Heaths II Special Protection Area (SPA). The Habitat Regulations Assessment (HRA) screening report is carried out to assess for any likely significant effects of a proposed development on the integrity of Wealden Heaths II Special Protection Area (SPA).

1.2. A site visit was conducted in order to provide context to the site and surroundings, Ecologist Genevieve Labram MSc BSc (Hons) visited the site on 25th March 2021 to conduct an ecological assessment of the site.

1.3. Habitats on site included amenity grassland and species poor hedges typical of a garden. No habitats of significant ecological value were identified. A precautionary method for the possible presence of bats, hedgehog and breeding birds is recommended. No further protected species surveys are required.

1.4. The proposals will result in a net gain of 4 additional units, (a total of 5), with an anticipated 12 additional residents.

1.5. It is considered that the proposed development will not result in significant impacts during the construction or operational phases from direct land take, pressure, urbanisation or, hydrological changes.

1.6. The impacts of recreational and atmospheric pollution pressure are anticipated to be limited, but not significant to Wealden Heaths SPA.

1.7. East Hampshire’s new Local Plan Habitats Regulation Assessment is currently out for consultation and is not yet implemented. However as outlined in the Interim plan, it is anticipated that for dwellings less than a net gain of 20 units located between 400m and 5km of the Wealden hearths SPA, a financial contribution may be required for the upkeep or creation of a Suitable area of Natural Greenspaces (SANG). This would be inline requirements with similar SPAs (thames basin heaths) however confirmation on this policy should come from Natural England and the local council.

1.8. Recommendations for biodiversity enhancements post development are provided as required under NPPF.

3 Ivy Cottage, Bordon - Information for HRA 2. INTRODUCTION

2.1. Darwin Ecology Ltd. have been commissioned to provide a report to inform a Habitats Regulations Assessment (HRA) for the proposed development at Ivy Cottage, Bordon, Surrey, GU35 0DE. This report is required to provide East Hampshire District Council with the information they require to undertake a Habitats Regulations Assessment in relation to the adjacent European designated sites in their role as a Competent Authority.

2.2. This assessment was triggered as the site falls 1.63km south from the Wealden Heaths II Special Protection Area (SPA). The Habitat Regulations Assessment (HRA) screening report is carried out to assess for any likely significant effects of a proposed development on the integrity of Wealden Heaths II Special Protection Area (SPA). This forms part of a planning application at the above address for the proposed development of two semi-detached houses, with associated access, car parking, and landscaping. This report aims to supply the council with sufficient information to conclude that there would not be an adverse effect on the integrity of the European designated sites in line with the tests under Regulation 63 of the Habitat & Species Regulation 2017 (as amended) so that an informed planning decision can be made.

2.3. The Wealden Heaths Phase I and II SPA was designated in 1994 and is protected from adverse impact under European and UK law. The Wealden Heaths II SPA network is a network of heathland sites which are designated for providing suitable habitat for breeding populations of the internationally important bird species including woodlark Lullula arborea, nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus and Dartford warbler Sylvia undata. The SPA is a strictly protected site classified in accordance with Article 7 of the EC Birds Directive.

2.4. In order to provide context to the site and surroundings, Ecologist Genevieve Labram MSc BSc (Hons) visited the site on 25th March 2021 to conduct an ecological assessment of the site.

Site Overview

2.5. The site comprises approximately 700m2 of garden and hardstanding habitat within the existing residential area of Bordon.

2.6. The site is currently occupied by two tenants. The garden of the site is predominately vegetated with neutral grass and a single semi-mature tree. The site is surrounded by other residential properties and is delineated by 2m wooden fencing on all sides. Access is via Chalet Hill.

4 Ivy Cottage, Bordon - Information for HRA 2.7. The site is situated within the residential area of Bordon, Hampshire (Figures 1 & 2). The site is not located immediately near any significant connective ecological features, Dead-water Valley Local Nature Reserve (LNR) is present approximately 100m to the north, forming Alexandra Park.

2.8. Photos of the site and the habitats due to be impacted by the works, the sites context within the landscape and the proposed development plans are shown below:

CHALET HILL 6384

902

3293 CHALET HILL

25267

REV. DATE DESCRIPTION

CLIENT: Place Property Management Ivy Cottage 116 Chalet Hill, Bordon, Hampshire, GU35 0DE. Architectural Services t : 01428 879450 / 01243 767440 w: architectural.uk.com

BLOCK PLAN (1:500) DRAWING: Location Plan 1:500 0 10 20 30 40 50 1:1250 0 10 20 30 40 50

NOTES DRG NO. DATE: SCALE: 1) All new and existing building work dimensions are critical to the construction process. 2) Cill and window heights indicated are taken internally and should be checked on site 3) This drawing is subject to copyright of Architectural Services. Reproduction only with written authority. 4) Drawing dimensions and scales to be checked prior to commencement of work. 5) All structural work where mentioned on this drawing is subject to a qualified structural and civil engineer calculations before building work commences. 6) These plans may be subject to Planning and/or Building Regulation approval, or any other statute in law before the commencement of building works. 7) All materials to match existing unless otherwise stated. 07/100-008 04/05/20 A3: 1:1250

Illustration 1: Copy of proposed and existing development plans provided by Architecture Services as of April 2021. Provided for context only.

5 Ivy Cottage, Bordon - Information for HRA

Map 1: The site is located within the town of Bordon and outlined in the red boundary.

Map 2: The site is located within the town of Lindford and outlined in the red boundary. 6 Ivy Cottage, Bordon - Information for HRA 3. LEGISLATION & PLANNING POLICY

3.1. Article 6 of EU Habitats Directive on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora (Council Directive 92/43/EEC) states: ‘Any plan or project not directly connected with or necessary to the management of the site but likely to have a significant effect thereon, either individually or in combination with other plans or projects, shall be subject to an appropriate assessment of its implications for the site in view of the site’s conservation objectives... competent national authorities shall agree to the plan or project only after having ascertained that it will not adversely affect the integrity of the site concerned and, if appropriate, after having obtained the opinion of the public’.

3.2. Article 6 of the Habitats Directive has been transposed into UK law through the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017 (as amended) and has developed through the planning system, case law and guidance originally prepared by David Tyldesley and Associates into a process known as a Habitats Regulations Assessment (HRA).

3.3. Habitats Regulations Assessment (HRA) is the process by which the requirements of the Habitats Directive are implemented, and ensures that plans or projects will not adversely affect European Sites.

3.4. Reference in this report to ‘European sites’ should be taken to include the following: • (a) Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) for habitats and species designated through the EU Habitats Directive;

• (b) Special Protection Areas (SPAs) for the protection of wild birds and their habitats designated through the EU Birds Directive;

• (c) Ramsar sites, identified through the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance; and

• (d) sites that are being considered for designation, referred to as Sites of Community Interest, candidate SACs or proposed SPAs.

Outline of the HRA Process

3.5. The HRA process can be summarised as a four-stage process as follows: • Stage One: Screening - also known as the Test of Likely Significant Effect (TOLSE). If the Competent Authority cannot screen out a likely significant effect, an Appropriate Assessment is required;

• Stage Two: Appropriate Assessment - the Competent Authority will only agree to plans or projects that will no affect the integrity of a European site, also known as the Integrity Test;

7 Ivy Cottage, Bordon - Information for HRA • Stage Three: Alternative Solutions - assesses any alternative solutions of a potentially damaging plan or project that failed the Integrity Test, and if it is determined there are no alternative solutions, the project cannot be agreed to and it will either need to be changed or refused;

• Stage Four: The final stage of may allow a plan or project to proceed after failing stage three if it is for Imperative Reasons of Overriding Public Interest, and only if suitable compensatory measures are secured.

3.6. It should be noted that these steps are sequential and that, if the screening process concludes that the plan will have no likely significant effects on European sites, then it is not necessary to undertake appropriate assessment or the subsequent stages.

3.7. In the context of this document ‘likely’ means ‘probably’, or ‘it well might happen’. ‘Significant’ means not trivial or inconsequential but an effect that is noteworthy and which could potentially undermine the site’s conservation objectives. Deciding if a potential impact is significant or not is dependent on issues such as: magnitude, type, extent, duration, intensity, timing, probability and cumulative effects.

General Conservation Objectives for European Sites

Special Protection Areas (SPA) 3.8. ‘Avoid the deterioration of the habitats of qualifying features, and the significant disturbance of the qualifying features, ensuring the integrity of the site is maintained and the site makes a full contribution to achieving the aims of the Birds Directive’.

• The structure and function of the habitats of the qualifying features • The supporting processes on which the habitats of the qualifying features rely • The population of each of the qualifying features, and, • The distribution of the qualifying features within the site.

Special Area of Conservation (SAC) 3.9. ‘Ensure that the integrity of the site is maintained or restored as appropriate, and ensure that the site contributes to achieving the Favourable Conservation Status of its Qualifying Features, by maintaining or restoring;

• The extent and distribution of qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species • The structure and function (including typical species) of qualifying natural habitats • The structure and function of the habitats of qualifying species

8 Ivy Cottage, Bordon - Information for HRA • The supporting processes on which qualifying natural habitats and the habitats of qualifying species rely • The populations of qualifying species, and • The distribution of qualifying species within the site.

Local Policy - Emerging Local Plan S20 Wealden Heaths Phase II SPA

3.10. Natural England’s research suggests that increased population arising from housing developments within the core recreational catchments of such SPAs can cause significant disturbance to the breeding success of these rare bird populations. For Wealden Heaths Phase II SPA the core catchment is identified to be 5km around the SPA boundary. This policy provides the framework for dealing with development proposals in this 5km buffer.

3.11. The emerging Local Plan (currently in consultation) states that no net gain in residential dwellings within 400m of the SPA boundary will be permitted unless an Appropriate Assessment demonstrates that there will be no adverse effect on the integrity of the SPA. Development between 400m and 5km of the boundary must be supported by a Habitats Regulations Assessment setting out the details of potential impacts and avoidance and / or mitigation measures. Mitigation will be dependent on the proposed size of the development.

Policy S20: Wealden Heaths Phase II Special Protection Area 3.12. S20.1: No net gain in residential dwellings or Gypsy, Traveller and Travelling Showpeople pitches or plots will be permitted within 400m of the Wealden Heaths Phase II Special Protection Area boundary, unless in agreement with Natural England an Appropriate Assessment demonstrates that there will be no adverse effects on the integrity of the SPA.

3.13. S20.2: Development within the 400m to 5km core catchment boundary around the Wealden Heaths Phase II SPA boundary must be supported by a Habitats Regulations Assessment setting out details of any potential impacts from the development on the interest features of the SPA and avoidance and/or mitigation measures proposed.

3.14. S20.3: The types of mitigation measures will depend on the size of the proposed development and are to be delivered prior to occupation and in perpetuity.

3.15. S20.4: Planning permission will only be granted where an Appropriate Assessment concludes that there are no adverse effects on the integrity of the Wealden Heaths Phase II Special Protection Area.

3.16. A Wealden Heaths Phase II SPA Cross Boundary HRA group has been operating since 2012. This group includes all the relevant local planning authorities and Natural England; 9 Ivy Cottage, Bordon - Information for HRA and have been gathering evidence into the effects of urban pressures on the protected heaths to inform their Local Plan

“The Local Planning Authority is working towards providing strategic SANG. However, to ensure new homes will not lead to pressure on the SPA, new developments will be expected to provide, secure and/or financially contribute to an amount of SANG and/or make a contribution towards Strategic Access Management and Monitoring (SAMM) and/or Heathland Infrastructure Projects (HIP). Large developments may be required to provide bespoke SANGs based on factors including their scale and potential impact on the Wealden Heaths Phase II SPA, and the availability of strategic SANG. This will be judged on a case by case basis. Any bespoke SANG must be delivered in advance of the developments. It will be for the developer to manage the bespoke SANG in perpetuity it will not be the responsibility of the Local Planning Authority. Any arrangements must be agreed by the Local Planning Authority and Natural England in advance of occupation”.

10 Ivy Cottage, Bordon - Information for HRA 4. EUROPEAN SITES CONSIDERED

4.1. Four SACs and one SPA are located within 10km of the site boundary and are listed in table 1 below and shown in Figure 3. A single Local Nature Reserve is also present within 100m of the Site.

Table 1: Designates sites within 10km of The Oaks, Bordon Designated site Location from site Wealden Heaths Phase II SPA 1.6km North Woolmer Forest SAC 1.7km South Shortheath Common SAC 2.6km West East Hampshire Hangers SAC 2.5km South- West Thursley Hankley and Frensham Commons SPA 6.5km North-East Deadwater Valley Local Nature Reserve (LNR) 100m North

Figure 3: European Sites (SAC and SPA) within 10km of the site.

Overview of nearby Designated sites

Wealden Heaths Phase II SPA

4.2. The Wealden Heaths Phase II SPA lies on the edge of the Weald, running parallel to the South Downs on the borders of Hampshire, Surrey and West Sussex. It is made up of four separate Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) and qualified as a Special Protection 11 Ivy Cottage, Bordon - Information for HRA Area for its breeding bird species. In 1998 the area was classified as a Natura 2000 site. It is protected from adverse impact under the EC Habitats Directive which is interpreted into British law by the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations.

4.3. It comprises an extensive network of lowland heathland sites, and encompasses Woolmer Forest SAC and a number of SSSIs and represents some of the best examples of lowland heathland in the UK. Heathland habitat type having seen declines of approximately 75% in the last century. The complex includes important military training land as well as popular recreational areas.

4.4. Wealden Heaths Phase II SPA qualifies under Article 4.1 of the Wild Birds Directive (79/409/ EEC) by supporting populations of European importance, during the breeding season, of the following species listed on Annex I of the Directive: • Dartford warbler Sylvia undata: 51 pairs representing at least 1% of the breeding GB population; • Nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus: 43 pairs representing at least 1.3% of the breeding population in GB; • Woodlark Lullula arborea: 36 pairs representing at least 2.5% of the GB breeding population.

4.5. Habitats Regulation Assessment of the East Hampshire Local Plan was undertaken by AECOM (Dec 2018). The key conditions for the Wealden Heaths SPA designations have been identified as: appropriate habitat management; minimal disturbance of birds during the breeding season (March-July); minimal air pollution; control of urbanisation effects (e.g. fires, introduction of invasive non-native species); and maintenance of water levels and water quality. It has been understood that the SPA bird populations are identified as being ‘stable’ at current levels of recreational activity, although air pollution appears to be affecting species composition in certain qualifying habitats.

4.6. The component of the Wealden Heaths II SPA closest to the proposed development site comprises Broxhead and Kingsley Commons SSSI at c.1.6km to the north.

Shortheath Common SAC 4.7. Shortheath Common SAC is a heathland site located on the western Weald. Habitat diversity is considerable, with large areas of open heathland, the serial stages of the succession to oakwood, and substantial Sphagnum-dominated valley mire. The valley mire contains a large-population of cranberry Vaccinium oxycoccus, a rare and declining species in southern England. Invertebrates include particularly diverse Orthoptera and Odonata assemblages. The latter is represented by 23 breeding species, several of which are rare and local (e.g.

12 Ivy Cottage, Bordon - Information for HRA small red damselfly Ceriagrion tenellum).

4.8. Shortheath Common qualifies as an SAC due to the presence of Annex I habitats including: transition mires and quaking bogs, with rich ground flora (including a high cover of cranberry) and bog-mosses; and European dry heaths and bog woodland (as qualifying features) .Shortheath common SAC is underpinned by Shortheath common SSSI (Site of Special Scientific Interest).

4.9. Condition assessment of Shortheath common suggests that areas of acid grassland and dry heath are being lost due to recreational disturbance. According to the Site Improvement Plan, the features for which Shortheath Common SAC is designated are threatened by:

• Inappropriate scrub control: without active management scrub and leaf litter continue to build up, resulting in the loss of designated habitats; • Recreational pressure: recreational use may reduce the extent of acid grassland and dry heath; • Householder encroachment: the dry heath mosaic habitat is frequently encroached onto by householders, which cumulatively affects a significant area; and • Air pollution: nitrogen deposition exceeds the critical load for the site. This risks detrimental effects on characteristically nutrient-poor SAC habitats.

4.10. Therefore, residential areas within 4km of the short-heath SAC (distance with which 75% of visitors originate) may add to recreational pressure and air quality impact pathways- as identified in the East Hampshire local Plan.

Woolmer forest SAC 4.11. Woolmer Forest SAC is of exceptional nature conservation importance and represents one of the largest surviving tracts of lowland heathland in south-east England. It provides supporting habitat for a large number of locally and nationally important species and is unique in the UK in supporting natural populations of all 12 British amphibians and reptiles. All of the SAC is also classified as part of the Wealden Heaths Special Protection Area (SPA), but additional points of note are highlighted below:

4.12. Woolmer forest is designed for its natural dystrophic lakes and ponds and European dry heaths and depressions on peat substrate. It also supports an outstanding invertebrate fauna and bird assemblage, including European nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus, wood lark Lullula arborea, Dartford warbler Sylvia undata, Eurasian hobby Falco subbuteo, hen harrier Circus cyaneus and merlin Falco columbarius.

13 Ivy Cottage, Bordon - Information for HRA 4.13. Due to the proximity of several Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), the site is located within an Impact Risk Zone Impact pathway for a number of statutory designated sites in the local vicinity. Natural England is required to be consultant on any proposals with a net gain of residential units. Further, the entire site is owned by the Ministry of Defence and used for military training, primarily as live-firing ranges and much of it is not accessible to the public.

4.14. According to the Habitat Regulations Assessment for East Hampshire local Plan, details of a detailed mitigation strategy for Wealden Heaths Phase II SPA for all net new housing are to be finalised in consultation with Natural England, and will be specified in the Regulation 19 Local Plan.

4.15. There are no housing allocations that are closer to Woolmer Forest SAC than Wealden Heaths Phase II SPA, therefore housing allocations that are within 5km of Woolmer SAC are also within 5km of Wealden Heaths Phase II SPA, and new net houses will therefore be required to provide mitigation in the form of SANG. The features for which Woolmer Forest SAC is designated are also susceptible to the effects of increased recreational pressure, the SANGS for Wealden Heaths Phase II SPA, will also act to mitigate against increased recreation pressure on Woolmer Forest SAC.

East Hampshire Hangers SAC 4.16. The East Hampshire Hangers are a series of woodlands on the western edge of the Weald, which themselves are designated Special Sites of Scientific Interest (SSSIs) including: Upper Greensand Hangers: Empshott to Hawkley; Upper Greensand Hangers: Wyck to Wheatley; Coombe Wood and the Lythe; Wick Wood and Worldham Hangers; Selborne Common; Noar Hill; and Wealden Edge Hangers.

4.17. East Hampshire Hangers is designated primary for the presence of Asperulo- Fagetum beech forests in south-east England, sloped mixed woodland (with areas of small- leaved lime Tilia cordata) and chalk grassland, and contains a rich selection of vascular plants, including white helleborine Cephalanthera damasonium, violet helleborine Epipactis purpurata, green-flowered helleborine E. phyllanthes and Italian lords-and-ladies Arum italicum. The woods include areas with old pollards on former wood-pasture as well as high forest. The Wealden Edge Hangers support yew woodland.

4.18. East Hampshire Hangers qualifies as an SAC due to the presence Asperulo-Fagetum beech forests in south-east England: extremely rich in vascular plants (particularly orchids); and Tilio-Acerion forest of slopes, screes and ravines in the south of England: rich bryophyte flora. The site is ecologically similar to sites selected in the Welsh Borders, despite its geographic location.

14 Ivy Cottage, Bordon - Information for HRA 4.19. The features for which East Hampshire Hangers SAC is designated are threatened by: • Forestry and woodland management: inappropriate management could allow more woodland to become less favourable; • Air pollution: atmospheric nitrogen deposition currently exceeds the site’s critical load. Exceeding the critical load of nitrogen deposition may create conditions that are less favourable to the characteristic vegetation of the SAC features; and • Invasive species: a non-native hybrid ivy is smothering ground flora in one of the hangers.

Thursley, Ash and Pirbright & Chobham SAC 4.20. Thursley, Ash and Pirbright & Chobham SAC is part of the Thames Basin Heaths SPA, a series of protected land parcels primary located south of London. The site at Thursley, Ash and Pirbright & Chobham contains a series of heathlands with transitions to wet heath and valley mire, scrub, woodland and acid grassland, including types rich in annual plants.

4.21. This site is designed for the presence of and representations of lowland Northern Atlantic wet heaths with Erica tetralix; its European dry heaths which support an important assemblage of animal species, including numerous rare and local invertebrate species, European nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus, Dartford warbler Sylvia undata, sand lizard Lacerta agilis and smooth snake Coronella austriaca; and examples of Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion in south-east England, where it occurs as part of a mosaic associated with valley bog and wet heath.

4.22. Thursley, Ash and Pirbright & Chobham SAC is located 6,5km north of the site and has therefore been scoped out of this report as it is beyond the 5km consideration requirement for a development of this size.

Summary of scope 4.23. Due to the small scale nature of the proposed works and the proximity of alternative natural green spaces in the local area (Deadwater Valley Local Nature Reserve) for recreations pressure, the pressures on the European protected sites of Woolmer Forest SAC, and East Hampshire Hangers SAC and associated impacts pathways relevant to this scheme are considered to cause no likely significant adverse impacts and have therefore been scoped out.

4.24. As identified in the East Hampshire Local plan, recreational pressure and air quality impacts pathways with regards to Shortheath Common SAC has been included due to the proximity

15 Ivy Cottage, Bordon - Information for HRA of the site within the 4km area of influence and are included in the relevant sections below.

16 Ivy Cottage, Bordon - Information for HRA 5. ECOLOGICAL WALKOVER

5.1. The site was subject to a Preliminary Ecological Assessment and Preliminary Roost Assessment to determine the likelihood of any protected species present on site.

Preliminary Ecological Appraisal

5.2. The PEA survey identified the habitats present and their potential for protected species, particularly bats, birds, hedgehogs, badgers, dormouse, amphibians and reptiles, following the standard guidelines set out by the Chartered Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management (CIEEM).

5.3. The survey focused upon the land within the red line boundary of the planning application as no habitats are due to be effected outside this area.

5.4. Any trees and other habitats immediately adjacent to the area to be affected within the site were assessed for their potential to support roosting and foraging bats, birds and other protected species.

Bats 5.5. Any buildings or trees to be affected by the proposed works were assessed visually for evidence of bats and assessed for features which increase the likelihood of bats roosting, such as storm damage, rot holes, ivy cover, flaying bark and splits in the trunk.

5.6. Linear habitat features, both within and connecting to the site were visually assessed for their likely use as foraging and commuting corridors.

5.7. Other habitats on site were visually assessed for their likely use as foraging sites.

Other Mammals 5.8. Areas of dense vegetated cover on site and adjacent to the site were assessed for their likely use by badgers, and attention was paid to the presence of any signs of current or historic badger activity such as setts and latrines.

5.9. Open areas of habitat were visually assessed for signs of mammal tracks, push throughs and latrines.

5.10. Areas of woodland, copse, tree lines, hedgerows and other boundary vegetation were assessed for their likely use by hazel dormice, or increased likelihood of use due to presence of hazel and other suitable food species.

17 Ivy Cottage, Bordon - Information for HRA

Amphibians 5.11. Any waterbodies within the site were assessed for their potential for use by amphibians and for features which increase likelihood of use as breeding sites for great crested newts, such as suitable submergent vegetation, low water turbidity, absence of fish and low levels of use by water fowl.

5.12. Other habitats on site were assessed for their likely use outside of the breeding season for both foraging and shelter purposes.

Reptiles 5.13. Open areas of habitat were visually assessed for suitability for reptiles and features which increase likelihood of use by reptiles, including the presence of tussocky vegetation, log and rock piles, basking spots and compost heaps.

Birds 5.14. Areas of woodland, copse, tree lines, hedgerows, grassland and buildings were assessed for their likely use by breeding or foraging birds.

Preliminary Roost Assessment

5.15. A PRA, also known as a bat building inspection, was undertaken within the site boundary in accordance with the following methodology.

Internal Survey: 5.16. An investigation was carried out on all roof and wall features for signs of bats roosting and to assess the access potential of the roof for bats. The surveyor looked for bats, bat droppings, likely access points, signs of feeding, dead bats, scratch marks and staining, and made a suitability assessment of the structure of the roof.

External Survey: 5.17. An investigation was carried out of features that may indicate bat presence. For example; gaps under roof and ridge tiles, or behind soffit boards and wooden fascias. A search for bat droppings was made beneath each potential entry/exit point identified. The surveyor used a powerful, low heat LED torch and binoculars where appropriate.

Habitat Assessment: 5.18. The trees and other vegetation immediately adjacent to the area to be affected were assessed for their potential to support roosting and foraging bats. The wider landscape was

18 Ivy Cottage, Bordon - Information for HRA also assessed through satellite imagery to identify possible key commuting belts near to the site. Any trees on site considered likely to be affected were assessed visually for evidence of bats and assessed for features which increase the likelihood of bats roosting, such as storm damage, rot holes, ivy cover, flaying bark and splits in the trunk.

Results

5.19. The survey for the Preliminary Ecological Appraisal and the Preliminary Roost Assessment was conducted by Ecologist Genevieve Labram on the 25th of March 2021.

Preliminary Ecological Appraisal

5.20. The site comprised of a small maintained garden featuring a lawn and car parking area. Areas of amenity grassland, ornamental planting, buildings and hardstanding were identified within the site, with hedgerows bounding the site.

5.21. Figure 1 illustrates the location and extent of the habitats recorded. It should be noted that not all botanical species present could be observed due to the time of year. The habitat descriptions provided below do not encompass full floral species lists and only dominant native species within each habitat type were recorded at the time of survey.

Amenity Grassland 5.22. The majority of the garden area due to be affected within the site comprises of managed amenity grassland (see Figure 1 and Image 1, below). This habitat was recorded to have a short sward height (less than 5cm), at the time of survey and is regularly maintained short.

5.23. Areas of amenity grassland within the site were recorded to have poor species diversity and was dominated by perennial rye Lolium perenne, Yorkshire-fog Holcus lanatus. Herbaceous species identified include daisy Bellis perennis, dandelion Taraxacum officinale agg., white clover Trifolium repens, and ribwort plantain Plantago lanceolata. Daffodils Narcissus sp., are also present on site around the lawn boundaries.

5.24. Overall, this habitat is considered to be of negligible ecological value due to the low sward- height, low species diversity, and regular management.

Hardstanding 5.25. Areas of hardstanding are present within the proposed development site as part of mixed level paved patios and a concrete driveway. At the time of survey, areas of hardstanding within the site were recorded to be in good condition with little in the way of encroaching vegetation identified, such that this habitat has been assessed to be of negligible ecological

19 Ivy Cottage, Bordon - Information for HRA value.

Hedgerow and tree 5.26. Hedgerows were species poor, composing of either Beech Fagus sylvatica (H1), or laylandii sp. (H2), Hedgerows measures approximately 1m wide, and 1.5 meters in height. A single semi-mature cherry tree Prunus sp., is present at the rear garden.

Hardstanding and Garage 5.27. A hardhsatdndng driveway is present at the front and rear of the property leading to a single storey flat roof garage. The garage is examined in context for bats in section 5.43 . No species were associated with these parcels.

5.28. Protected species

Hedgehogs

5.29. The habitats within the site and in the surrounding area are considered to be suitable for hedgehogs and they may pass through the site on occasion. While it is considered unlikely that the proposed works will effect hedgehogs, safeguarding recommendations with respect to this species are set out below.

Mitigation, Compensation and Enhancement

5.30. As a precaution, all contractors should be inducted by an ecologist in a tool box talk to ensure they are aware of the risks to protected wildlife on site prior to the commencement of any development works.

5.31. Any dense vegetative areas and brash piles should be cleared by hand in a sensitive manner to ensure the welfare of any hedgehogs that may be utilising these habitats.

5.32. If any new fence-lines are proposed, these should include wildlife access holes so that they can freely access / exit the site. 13cm by 13cm is sufficient for any hedgehog to pass through and will be too small for most pets.

5.33. During all construction works it is recommended that any trenches or excavations be covered overnight, or that a ramp is provided to allow any animal to escape the hole should they fall in. All excavations should be investigated immediately prior to infilling to ensure no animals are trapped.

Badgers

20 Ivy Cottage, Bordon - Information for HRA 5.34. No evidence of use by badgers was seen within the proposed development site and the site is therefore considered to be of negligible ecological value to this species.

5.35. In the unlikely event that badgers are present on site during the works, recommendations as made in relation to hedgehogs will be suitable to safeguard badgers in this instance.

Birds

5.36. The hedgerows within the site provides suitable nesting opportunities for common garden bird species which may be found in the local area. It is therefore recommended that any vegetation clearance and demolition should be undertaken outside of the nesting bird season (March to September inclusive for most species in the UK), or be subject to an breeding bird survey by a suitability qualified ecologist to confirm that no active nest sites will be destroyed by the works.

Reptiles

5.37. The site and land to be effected contains limited features or habitat suitable for use by common reptile species. Due to restricted habitat due to be effected, it is considered unlikely that reptiles will be at risk during the proposed. Therefore, recommendations as made in relation to hedgehogs will be suitable to safeguard reptiles in this instance.

Amphibians

5.38. The site is considered to have low potential to support common amphibians such as the common toad Bufo bufo and common frog Rana temporaria within their terrestrial phase within the un-managed ornamental planting. Due to the distance from the nearest pond, the site is considered to have negligible suitability for great crested newts Triturus cristatus,

5.39. A method statement, as made in relation to hedgehogs would be sufficient safeguard amphibians in this instance.

5.40. If Great Crested Newts are found on site during works all works must cease immediately and a suitably qualified ecologist contacted for advice.

Bats

5.41. The suitability of the site to house roosting bats is described within the Preliminary Roost Assessment section below.

Other Protected Species

5.42. No other protected species are considered likely to be on site or effected by the proposed, and no further consideration is required for these species. 21 Ivy Cottage, Bordon - Information for HRA

Image 1: Front view of Ivy Cottage, Bordon Image 2: Rear view of Ivy Cottage, Bordon

Image 3: Garage at rear garden of Ivy Cottage. No Image 4: Garden lawn and hedgerow on site bat suitability

Image 5: Small area of unmanned ruderal Image 6: Front garden and lawn

22 Ivy Cottage, Bordon - Information for HRA

Image 7: Detail of roof structures of the main house Image 8: More modern extension roof.

Preliminary Roost Assessment

5.43. The site contains two structures, a main residential house (B1) currently rented out, and a double garage structure (B2).

5.44. B1 The main house is a two storey rendered house with pitched roof coverd in concrete interlocking pan tiles. The tiles appeared to be in good condition with no missing or slipped tiles visible. Soffits and fascia boards present were tight and no gaps in mortar or lead around the chimney or verges were noted. The new extension roof was also in good condition and was open the eaves internally - offering no roof void. The main roof void was inaccessible due to the position of the hatch above the staircase. No internal inspection of this void could be carried out and it is understood the occupants have not been in the void at any time.

5.45. B2 B2 is a garage in the rear garden of the site. It is constructed of breeze blocks and wood, with a flat bitumen roof. No gaps under the timber wrap were recorded, and the roof is well sealed, offering no suitable roosting features.

Habitat Assessment 5.46. Habitats within the site boundary, including the building, tree, hedgerows, and to a lesser extent areas of amenity grassland, provide some potential foraging and commuting opportunities for bats.

23 Ivy Cottage, Bordon - Information for HRA

Ecological Assessment Summary 5.47. The habitats present at Ivy Cottage are of low ecological interest and do not provide suitable islands of connectivity between the surrounding SPA and SAC sites.

5.48. The two structures on site were deemed to offer negligible suitability for bats, however as an internal inspection could not take place a precautionary method to demolish the roof on the main house is recommended.

5.49. The site offers low suitability for other protected species however a precautionary method for hedgehogs and breeding birds has been recommended.

24 B1

*NOTE Areas are indicative and are not shown to exact scale.

Site Boundary Amenity Grassland Hardstanding Project: Ivy Cottage Notable Tree Ornamental Hedgerow Figure 1: PEA Habitat Map Planting Building

[email protected] Date: 20/04/2021 www.darwin-ecology.co.uk Ivy Cottage, Bordon - Information for HRA 6. IMPACT PATHWAYS

6.1. The Wealden Heaths Phase II SPA has been included in this assessment due to its close proximity, and in line with the emerging local policy. The conservation objective of the Wealden Heaths Phase II SPA are as follows: ‘Ensure that the integrity of the site is maintained or restored as appropriate, and ensure that the site contributes to achieving the Favourable Conservation Status of its Qualifying Features, by maintaining or restoring; • The extent and distribution of the qualifying natural habitats • The structure and function (including typical species) of the qualifying natural habitats; and, • The supporting processes on which the qualifying natural habitats rely’

6.2. The following impact pathways have been considered with relation to the SPA: • Direct loss of site and / or functionally linked land; • Recreational Pressure; • Urbanisation; • Hydrology; and • Pollution (noise, atmospheric, light).

6.3. Should impacts be identified, the site owner will accept the responsibility and obligation for the implementation of the mitigation measures during construction and the management plan post-construction. Should any parcels of land under this management plan be sold on, the new ownership will need to take on the management plan as an obligation.

Direct Impacts

6.4. Direct impacts which have potential to be significant for the European sites scoped into this assessment include land take and loss of functionally linked land. These are discussed below:

Direct loss of site / functionally linked land

6.5. The site is located 1.63km south from the the Wealden Heaths Phase II SPA. Therefore, no areas of the SPA are to be lost, effected or infringed under the proposed development. No habitat that links other protected or designated sites will be lost.

6.6. An ecological review of the habitats within the site was carried out during the site visit. The unmanaged amenity garden and tree line offered moderate ecological potential in the context of the site and local area. The grassland was limited in species diversity and had been unmanaged since the land was sold. No signs of mammal trails or protected species

25 Ivy Cottage, Bordon - Information for HRA was noted during the site visit. It is anticipated that all of the site will be affected by the proposed and all existing vegetation will be removed.

6.7. The site does not offer any suitable habitat for the species of birds for which the SPA is designated and offers no functionally linked habitat. As such, no impact on the designated mobile species, such as nightjar, dartford warbler and wood lark will occur.

Indirect Impacts

6.8. Indirect effects on European Sites can occur through a number of pathways including increased recreational pressure, urbanisation, pollution (light, noise, air) and changes in hydrology. These are discussed below:

Recreational Pressure

6.9. The proposed development will result in the addition of 5, single bedroom residential units resulting in an approximate increase of 12 people (2.4 being the average number of people per household). The town of Bordon has a population of ~16,000 inhabitants. Considering the level of development as outlined in the Local plan within the 400m – 5km zone of influence is likely to be 4,600 dwellings (up to 11,000 people), the proposed development equates to 0.1% of the likely increase in population between 400 – 5km zone.

6.10. The site is approximately 1.63km from the Wealden Heaths Phase II SPA as the crow flies, with a walking distance of approximately 2.5km to the nearest point of the SPA. It is therefore unlikely that visits to the SPA would occur on a regular basis, particularly given the provision of existing alternative areas of open spaces, such as those provided around Alexandra Park and nearby Bordon enclosure Suitable Alternative Natural Greenspace (SANG), which are likely to be used more readily by dog walkers due to ease of access and off lead opportunities.

6.11. As identified in the East Hampshire Local plan, approximately 60% of visitors of Shortheath common SAC come from within 2km of the site. Due to the proximity of approximately 2.5km from the proposed development to the SAC, and availability of other open green spaces within the wider area, the additional recreational pressure anticipated on the protected site will be small.

6.12. Considering the size of the local village and the proposed addition of 12 persons, the proposed increase in population is deemed unlikely to result in significant increases in recreational pressures on the SPA and Woolmer Forest SAC, however the increased population is not negligible and some mitigation may be required. 26 Ivy Cottage, Bordon - Information for HRA 6.13. East Hampshire’s new Local Plan Habitats Regulation Assessment is currently out for consultation and is not yet implemented. However as outlined in the Interim plan, it is anticipated that for dwellings less than a net gain of 20 units located between 400m and 5km of the Wealden hearths SPA, a financial contribution may be required for the upkeep or creation of a Suitable area of Natural Greenspaces (SANG) to counter increases in recreational pressures. This would be inline requirements with similar SPAs (thames basin heaths), but will require confirmation and further details from Natural England the local council prior to implementation.

Urbanisation

6.14. Under current plans, a single structure containing two semi-detached houses, areas of car parking and landscaping are proposed. The proposals would constitute an area of approximately 560m2 of amenity garden land to impermeable or semi-permeable surfaces.

6.15. The proposal is not predicted to have a net increase in the effect of invasive alien plant species (bird-sown or deliberate) associated with the garden usage or that would effect the SPA, and planting is recommended to be limited to native and non-invasive species.

6.16. There are currently no known plans to restrict the keeping of pets at the property. Therefore the proposal has potential to result in adverse effects from cat predation or any other potential predators associated with urbanisation. However, due to the location of the site within a semi-urban area and the intervening distance to the Wealden Heaths II SPA, it is considered likely that the impacts of this would be restricted to the local area and would not significantly impact the integrity of the SPA.

Hydrology

6.17. The proposed development is not within any flood risk zones, and is not hydrologically linked to the SPA via watercourses. Impacts to the groundwater or drainage are not predicted due to the small scale of the development. Although it is anticipated that water use will increase, the addition of only 10 units within a residential development which is already on mains drainage will not change this.

6.18. A system to capture and use rainwater in the communal gardens and roof space may be installed to reduce the water use for non-essential requirements.

Noise

6.19. Any noise from the construction works will be low-level and short-term. During the construction of the proposed new building, there may be a temporary increase in noise, 27 Ivy Cottage, Bordon - Information for HRA however there is a significant vegetated buffer of over 1.63km of woodland and fields between the development site and the SPA, and impacts caused through increased noise levels on the SPA are considered to be de minimis.

Atmospheric pollution

6.20. Similarly, no likely significant effects are predicted on the SPA or Shortheath common SAC from atmospheric pollution from the proposed development. Dust particles are not likely to travel the 400m from site to the SPA to any degree of significance. Any dust that may be generated by the construction will be very short-term and controlled in line with standard working practices.

6.21. Additional car journeys to the visit the sites and surrounding areas are anticipated to make limited, but not negligible, additional impacts and are therefore should be considered as part of the financial contribution outlined in section 6.13.

Light disturbance

6.22. No significant increase in lighting, such as street lighting or floodlights is proposed as part of the development. Internal lighting and way-finding lighting around the property may increase in line with best practice for residential properties, however these will be minimal and localised and will not impact upon the SPA.

In-combination Effects

6.23. Given the impact pathways discussed above have been scoped out due to the the scale, nature and proximity of the SPA from the development, any in-combination effects resulting from this proposed development would be immeasurable, and of negligible significance.

CONCLUSIONS

6.24. The site is approximately 1.63km from the Wealden Heaths Phase II SPA. Roads, residential development and woodland (Deadwater Nature reserve, and Bordon Inclosure) lie between the site and the SPA. The site doesn’t provide functionally linked land to the SPA due to the absence of suitable habitats of value to the qualifying species of the SPA.

6.25. It is considered that the proposed development will not result in significant impacts during the construction or operational phases from direct land take, pressure, urbanisation or, hydrological changes.

28 Ivy Cottage, Bordon - Information for HRA 6.26. However, limited impacts could be anticipated from recreational pressure and atmospheric pollution. A proportional financial contribution to a nearby SANG would be anticipated, however the details regarding this emerging policy are still being debated within the East Hampshire New Local Plan and confirmation on this policy should come from Natural England and the local council.

6.27. Overall it is anticipated that the development will not result in the detriment of the SPA or other nearby European protected sites, and that these sites integrity will be maintained. On this basis, the site is not considered to require specific mitigation measures or Stage 2 further assessment however site specific biodiversity enhancements are required under NPPF and outlined below.

29 Ivy Cottage, Bordon - Information for HRA 7. ENHANCEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS

7.1. All developments are required under NPPF to incorporate enhancements to facilitate net biological gain. Therefore the recommendations detailed below would be beneficial should the opportunity arise to implement them.

Landscaping

Wildlife Beneficial Landscaping Scheme 7.2. Due to the suitability of the site for protected species and the connectivity to the wider landscape and habitats any future landscaping planting should seek to complement the surrounding habitats and provide food and shelter for a wide range of faunal species.

7.3. Care should be taken to manage habitats in a suitable way to encourage a wide variety of insects and other wildlife to use the site.

7.4. Any future landscaping planting should seek to enhance biodiversity, improve connectivity to the surrounding habitats and provide food and shelter for a wide range of faunal species. All amenity planting and formal landscaped areas should be created from a palate of wildlife beneficial plants (ideally, but not necessarily native) chosen for nectar or fruit. Care should be taken to manage habitats in a suitable way to encourage a wide variety of insects and other wildlife to use the site, and may include areas where management such as mowing is reduced to encourage flowers.

7.5. Non-invasive species should be planted. Any invasive species found to be currently on site should be removed with care during vegetation clearance and disposed of appropriately.

7.6. A pond could be implemented within the site boundary. A minimum recommended size of ponds is approximately 1x2m, but ideally 3x3m or larger, and provides multiple habitats for native species such as insects and amphibians that in turn support greater populations of birds, and bats. A suggested planting scheme has been provided as part of the enhancement features in Appendix 3.

Deadwood Habitat Pile

7.7. To enhance the site for amphibians, invertebrates and hedgehogs it is recommended that log or brash piles are created on site in secluded locations adjacent to areas of suitable off and onsite site habitat, preferably with materials from the site.

Bat and Bird Boxes 30 Ivy Cottage, Bordon - Information for HRA

7.8. In order to achieve a biodiversity net gain on site it is recommended that a number of roost/ nest boxes are incorporated into the development in order to improve the availability of roosting and nesting opportunities for these species group.

7.9. Roost features for bats can be incorporated into new developments in a number of ways. Depending on the development proposals integrated bat features such as raised pegged roof and hanging tiles, raised fascia boards with a 15-25mm gap between the wall and board, ridge access points, soffit box access and roosting points and integrated bat boxes can be easily and cheaply fitted. Examples of features are included within the Appendix.

7.10. It is recommended that bird boxes to be installed within the completed development comprise two Schwegler 1B Nest Boxes, or similar (one with a 32mm entrance hole and one with a 26mm entrance hole to suit different species), a single sparrow terrace box and a two Schwegler No. 16 Swift Boxes or similar is recommended to replace the nests lost or disturbed as part of any internal renovations or works to B2. These will provide opportunities for birds such as house sparrow, blue tit, great tit, starling, blackbird and swift, and should be installed on suitable walls of the new buildings within the completed development.

31 Ivy Cottage, Bordon - Information for HRA

References

Natural England. (2014) Site Improvement Plan: Wealden Heaths Woolmer Forest: (SIP259)Wealden Heaths and Woolmer Forest. Improvement Programme for England’s Natura 2000 Sites (IPENS). East Hampshire Local Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment

The East Hampshire District Local Plan ‘Joint Wealden Heaths Phase II Special Protection Area’ Supplementary Planning Document(2017) https://cdn.easthants.gov.uk/public/documents/ Joint%20Wealden%20Heaths%20Phase%20II%20%20SPA%20SPD%20-%20July%202018.pdf Last accessed 8/4/2021

Natural England. (2014) Site Improvement Plan: East Hampshire Hangers (SIP071). Improvement Programme for England’s Natura 2000 Sites (IPENS). East Hampshire Local Plan Habitats Regulations Assessment

The East Hampshire District Local Plan ‘Joint Wealden heaths Phase II SPA SPD’ July 2018

The East Hampshire District Local Plan ‘Consultation Draft Joint Wealden Heaths Phase II Special Protection Area Supplementary Planning Document Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)

Screening Statement - Determination under Regulation 9 of the Environmental Assessment of Plans and Programmes Regulations 2004.

Habitats Regulations Assessment (HRA) Screening Statement – Determination under Regulation 102 of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 October 2017

Habitat Regulations Assessment of East Hampshire’s Regulation 18 Local Plan AECOM (Dec 2018) Wealden Heaths and Shorteast Common 2018 Visitor Surveys (Footprint Ecology Nov 2018)

East Hampshire’s Regulation 18 Local Plan – Interim SANG Assessment Report

Natural England Standard Habitats Regulations Assessment (as amended) Standard 2017

32 APPENDIX 1 - PROTECTED SPECIES LEGISLATION

Bats

In England and Wales, all bat species and their roosts are legally protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act (1981) (as amended); the Countryside and Rights of Way Act, 2000; the Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act (NERC, 2006); and by the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations (2010). You will be committing a criminal offence if you:

• Deliberately capture, injure or kill a bat • Intentionally or recklessly disturb a bat in its roost or deliberately disturb a group of bats • Damage or destroy a bat roosting place (even if bats are not occupying the roost at the time) • Possess or advertise/sell/exchange a bat (dead or alive) or any part of a bat • Intentionally or recklessly obstruct access to a bat roost

Barbastelle, Bechstein’s, greater horseshoe, lesser horseshoe, brown long-eared, soprano pipistrelle, and noctule bats are all priority species under the UK Biodiversity Action Plan (UK BAP) and have also been adopted as species of principal importance in England under Section 41 of the NERC Act 2006.

Badgers

Badgers and their setts are afforded strict protection under the Protection of Badgers Act 1992. This Act consolidates past badger legislation and, in addition to protecting the badger itself, makes it an offence to damage, destroy or obstruct badger setts. Badgers are also protected under Schedule 6 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended), and listed under Appendix III of the Bern Convention, as a species that is in need of protection but may be hunted in exceptional instances. Only badger setts that are currently in use are covered by wildlife legislation.

Birds

All wild birds in the UK are protected under Section 1 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) which makes it an offence to intentionally kill, injure or take any wild bird or to take, damage or destroy the nest or its eggs.

Some bird species, such as the barn owl Tyto alba, are listed in Schedule 1 of the 1981 Act and receive further protection, making it an offence to intentionally or recklessly disturb these birds whilst building a nest or in, on or near a nest containing eggs or young; or to disturb dependent young of such a bird.

The NERC Act (2006) inserts a new schedule into the Wildlife and Countryside Act (1981) to protect the nests of some bird species that regularly re-use their nests, even when the nests are not in use. This protection currently applies to golden eagle, white-tailed eagle and osprey.

Reptiles

All British reptiles are listed under schedule 5 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) and are therefore protected from intentional killing or injury. This is largely as a consequence of a national decline in numbers associated with habitat loss.

Two scarcer native British reptiles (smooth snake Coronella austriaca and sand lizard Lacerta agilis), are afforded ‘full’ protection. This legislation makes it an offence to intentionally or recklessly kill, injure, disturb, take, possess or sell these species (in all life stages). It is also illegal to damage, destroy or obstruct access to places they use for breeding, resting, shelter and protection.

All species of reptile are priority species in the UKBAP and have been adopted as Species of Principal Importance under Section 41 of the NERC Act (2006) in England (Section 42 in Wales). Amphibians

Great crested newts (GCN’s) Triturus cristatus and their habitats are fully protected by the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations (2010) and partially protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). This legislation makes it an offence to kill, injure or capture GCN’s, their young or eggs, or destroy / damage their ponds or places of shelter used for breeding or protection. The great crested newt is also a Priority species in the UK Biodiversity Action Plan (UKBAP), and had been adopted as a Species of Principle Importance in England under Section 41 of the NERC Act 2006.

The natterjack toad Epidalea calamita is fully protected under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) and Schedule 2 of The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 making it a European Protected Species. The natterjack toad is also a priority species under the UK Biodiversity Action Plan.

The pool frog Rana lessonae is protected under the Conservation (Natural Habitats &C.) Regulations 1994 (as amended). As a European protected species the deliberate capturing, disturbing, injuring or killing of this species is prohibited, as is damage or destruction of its breeding sites or resting places. The pool frog is also a priority species under the UK Biodiversity Action Plan due to a 100% decline over 25 years (1980-2005).

Common toads Bufo bufo are also designated UKBAP species due to a serious decline of populations across large areas of southern, eastern and central England, thought to be mainly due to changes in habitat management, mortalities on the roads, and climate change.

Dormice

Common dormice Muscardinus avellanarius and their habitats are fully protected by both the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) and the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations (2010). This legislation makes it an offence to kill, injure, disturb or capture dormice, or destroy or obstruct their resting or breeding places.

The dormouse is also a priority species under the UK Biodiversity Action Plan and has been adopted as a species of Principal Importance in England under Section 41 of the NERC Act 2006 (section 42 in Wales) and so is protected from any adverse effects as a result of development.

Otters

Otters Lutra lutra are protected by both the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) and The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010. This legislation makes it is illegal to; deliberately or recklessly kill, injure or capture an otter, deliberately or recklessly disturb or harass an otter, damage, destroy or obstruct access to a breeding site or resting place of an otter.

The otter is also a UK BAP Priority Species and has been adopted as a Species of Principal Importance in England under Section 41 of the NERC Act 2006 (Section 42 in Wales) and the Conservation (Scotland) Act in Scotland.

Water Voles

Water voles Arvicola terrestris are fully protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). This legislation makes it an offence to kill or injure water voles, and to damage, destroy or obstruct access to places used for protection or shelter, and to disturb water voles whilst they occupy such a place.

The water vole is also a Priority species in the UK Biodiversity Action Plan, and had been adopted as a Species of Principle Importance in England under Section 41 of the NERC Act 2006.

White-clawed Crayfish

The white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes is protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended), making it a criminal offence to; intentionally or recklessly kill or injure a white-clawed crayfish, or sell or attempt to sell any part of this species. The Habitats Regulations (2010) provide further protection through the declaration of Special Areas of Conservation (SAC). This protection aims to prevent commercial harvesting of white- clawed crayfish and prohibits their capture without a licence.

The white-clawed crayfish is also a Priority species in the UK Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP), and has been adopted as a Species of Principal Importance in England under Section 41 of the NERC Act 2006.

Hedgehogs

Hedgehogs are UK Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) species, and therefore must be taken into consideration as part of development planning. A recent report (Wembridge, 2011) shows that hedgehog numbers have declined by 25% in the last ten years. APPENDIX 2 - SURVEY AND REPORTING LIMITATIONS AND EXCEPTIONS

This report and its survey results should be considered in conjunction with the terms and conditions proposed and scope of works agreed between Darwin Ecology Ltd and the client.

This report has been produced in the context of the proposals stated in the Introduction & Background section of this report (Section 2) and should not be used in any other context.

Darwin Ecology Ltd have endeavoured to identify the likely presence / absence of protected species wherever possible on site, where this falls within the agreed scope of works. Current standard methodologies have been used, which are accepted by Natural England and other statutory conservation bodies. No responsibility can be accepted where these methodologies fail to identify all species or significant species on site.

Extended Phase 1 and Preliminary Ecological survey techniques provide a preliminary assessment of the likelihood of protected species occurring on the development site, based on the suitability of the habitats and any field signs found during the site visit. A Phase 1 survey should not be taken as providing a full and definitive survey of any protected species group.

Extended Phase 1 and Preliminary Ecological Appraisals represent a snapshot of conditions at the time of survey and are limited by factors which affect the presence of plants and animals such as the time of year, migration patterns and behaviour. Surveys should therefore not be considered a comprehensive list of all plant species or as conclusive proof that certain protected species are not present or will not be present in the future.

Where the presence/absence of a certain species is in question our ecologists must apply a precautionary approach until further survey data can be sought to better inform the decision.

Darwin Ecology Ltd will advise on the optimum survey season for a particular habitat or protected species prior to undertaking the survey work. Darwin Ecology Ltd cannot accept responsibility for the accuracy of surveys undertaken outside this period.

The potential impacts, mitigation and enhancement sections of the report provide an overview and is for guidance only. This section should not be solely relied upon, but should be considered in the context of the whole report.

Interpretations of survey results and recommendations outlined in the report represent our professional opinions, expressed in accordance with recognised industry practices and current legislation at the time of reporting. The results of survey work undertaken by Darwin Ecology Ltd are representative at the time of surveying.

Where the client had supplied us with data from previous reports, it has been assumed that this information is valid. No responsibility can be accepted by Darwin Ecology Ltd for inaccuracies within any previous data supplied.

The copyright in this report, plans and other associated documents prepared by Darwin Ecology Ltd is owned by them and no such report, plans and other associated documents may be reproduced without their written consent.

Amendments to this report after its submission may be necessary in light of new, relevant information and / or legislation. This report should be referred to us for re-assessment if any such amendments are necessary or after the expiry of one year from the date of the report. Bats & Lighting *For more information seeWarrant, E., andDacke, M. (2016) Visual insects. Navigation inNocturnal as aor dr evrnet o both for environment dark a favour Bats THE IMPACT OFLIGHTINGONBATS bcrs h ntrl onih a i is it as closer moonlight ci3es natural above the glow obscures sky ar3ficial even the However, and ligh3ng of navigate. light to the moon* night use the insects During nocturnal insects. nocturnal for Ar3ficial ligh3ng creates a ‘vacuum effect’ insect for bats. nocturnal in emergence results in a lower foraging rate delay a of and dusk at occurs peak abundance main The foraging or paths habitats. flight points, access ligh3ng will disturb bats if the ligh3ng covers roost Ar3ficial condi3ons. low-light to roos3ng and foraging as they are adapted Table 1:Summaryofpredicted impactoflightingforeachspecies/genus hs seis sa frgn gons into grounds foraging usual species from these away drawn are insects as foraging when disadvantage a at are light ar3ficial of tolerant as less are species. that species However, such Nyctalus and lights species Pipistrelle street around foraging recorded been have bats of species Some and radiates light in mul3ple direc3ons. f ihn fr as s hrfr o great of therefore importance in bat conserva3on. is bats reduced for ligh3ng and of reduced success, foraging. Mi3ga3on to reduce the impacts abandonment, reproduc3ve roost cause any development as increased ligh3ng may to context in considered be must Ligh3ng the zones of ar3ficial light. Physiology

, 31, 182-196. Bats & Lighting • • • • • What lightingshouldIuse? should beconsidered. Avoidance isthemoste the designofsite. Lighting shouldbeconsidered atanearlystageallowingimpactstobeminimisedthrough • • • • What toavoid: odihig cr edihs rasd lgtn, euiy ihig aesthetic bats overgreater distance thanthetarget area directly illuminated. lighting, a will security Glare buildings. of illumination aesthetic lighting, and waterways, of lighting roadside headlights, sport windows, car via spill floodlighting, light include; bats disturb can that light of Sources • • • • • • • • • Key Points Passive infrared (PIR)motionsensors Shielded lightsthatprevent lightspillabovea70degree angle Colour temperature below2700K Wavelength above540nm Low pressure sodiumlightsor‘warm’LEDs Non-directional lighting High levellights Reflective surfacesbeneathlighting Lighting roost entrances,flightpaths,andforagingorcommutingroutes Consider building design - install internal lightingawayfromConsider buildingdesign -installinternal windows Compensate fortheloss ofdarkareas byenhancing otherdarkareas Incorporate darkcorridors withinthesite margins and40m from waterbodies Set darkhabitatbu Low levellightingallowsdarknesstoberetained withinhighervegetation to lightingpathwaysusepavingmaterialsthatreflectAs analternative moonlight Dim lightingaccording todemand installations o Limit thetimesthatlightsare ontoprovide somedarkperiods(e.g.switching Keep lightingintensitytotheminimumlevel required Bat Conservation Trust guidancenote 08/18‘Batsandartificiallighting intheUK&http://www.cost-lonne.eu/recommendations/ T: 01252 413221 / 07748 843842 E: [email protected] [email protected] E: 843842 07748 / 413221 01252 T: ff betweenmidnightand5am)

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ective method,butifthisisnotpossiblethefollowingmeasures

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ect TYPES OF BAT BOXES

Schwegler 2F Double Front Panel

• Manufactured from long-lasting woodcrete • Lifetime - 20-25 years • Suitable for pipistrelle and Myotis species • A second inner wooden panel is ﬁtted adjacent to the front panel imitating a cavity wall

Schwegler 1FD Double Front Panel

Vincent Pro Bat Box

• Manufactured from timber and recycled plastic • The front and the top of the box is black, which helps heat absorption • Suitable for a range of species including pipistrelle species, Myotis species, and brown long-eared bats. • No maintenance required

Schwegler 2FN

External Bat Boxes • Manufactured from long-lasting woodcrete • Lifetime - 20-25 years • Suitable for pipistrelle species, Myotis species, serotine, brown long-eared, noctule and Leisler’s bats • Dual entrance • Birds and dormice have also been found using this box • A newer model is now available, Schwegler 3FN, designed with smaller entrance holes which discourage birds and dormice Schwegler 1FS Large Colony Box

• Manufactured from long-lasting woodcrete • Lifetime - 20-25 years • Suitable for a range of bats including pipistrelle species, Myotis species, Noctule, and brown long-eared bats • Three grooved inner wooden panels are connected to the front panel, which are ideal for bats to cling to. • Accommodates large summer colonies

2FE Wall Mounted Bat Shelters

• Can be used in the summer if mounted on a wall facing south or east, and for winter use, install them in a location free from ice and frost such as damp cellars (paintable). • Lifetime - 20-25 years • Suitable for crevice roosting bats including Pipistrelle, Whiskered and Barbastelle bats. • No maintenance required External Bat Boxes

T: 07748 843842 E: [email protected] TYPES OF BIRD BOXES

Vivar Pro Seville 32mm WoodStone Nest Box

• Manufactured from woodstone - increases longevity and provides a consistent internal temperature • The nest box compensates for the lack of natural cavities that are found in trees • Suitable for blue tits, tree sparrows, house sparrows, great tits, crested tits, nuthatches, coal tits and pied ﬂycatchers • Should be installed between 1.5m and 3m high

House Martin Nest Cups Swallow Nest Bowl

• Suitable nest building mud is diﬃcult for house martins and swallows to ﬁnd • Alterations to house construction and roof design have resulted in a decrease of suitable nesting

Bird Boxes Bird sites • Install swallow nest bowls within an outbuilding or garage that has ﬂight access - 6cm below the ceiling • Install house martin nest cups under the eaves of a house - minimum of 2m high

Swift Nest Box

• Swift numbers are declining partly due to a loss of nesting sites • The entrance hole discourages other birds such as starlings and sparrows • Install a minimum of 5m high with unobstructed airspace in front of the nest • Integrated models of swift nest boxes are also available Bird Boxes T: 07748 843842 E: [email protected] [email protected] E: 843842 07748 T: • • • • 5KL SchweglerNuthatchNestBox • • • Tawny OwlNestBox • • • • • Sparrow Terrace NextBox • • • • Open-fronted NestBox To discouragenuthatchesfrom usingowlnestboxestryinstallingthe floor withwoodchippingandleavestonest wallsofthecavityandline Nuthatches plastermudontheinternal size toapproximately 32mm occupy owlnestboxesandfilltheentranceholewithmudreducing the Nuthatches prefer nestboxeswithlarger cavities.Theywilloften Manufactured from woodcrete west/south-west) Face theboxentranceawayfrom prevailing wind(generallyavoiding Install aminimumof3mhigh Install onamature tree withinawoodland(notontheoutskirts) Install ataminimumof2mhigh Various othernestboxdesignsare available chambers) available (theexamplenestboxshowncontainsthree nesting Likelihood ofuptakeisincreased ifmore nestingchambersare Sparrows are asociablespeciesandprefer tonestinacolony Sparrow populationsare decreasing duetoalackofnestingsites Install ataheightof1-3m within ivy/honeysuckleastheboxesopen-front mayattractpredators Best installedhiddenfrom viewonthewallofabuildingorhidden Suitable forrobin, wren, spottedflycatchers,andblack redstart Manufactured from woodstone-lifetimeof20-25years 5KL immediatelyadjacent • • • • • • Little OwlNestBox Install ataminimum heightof3m Entrance holeshouldface thetree trunk cherry harvestcoincides withthelittleowlbreeding season Can beinstalledonany tree speciesapartfrom cherry-the owlets canwalkin/outprior tofledging Install onahorizontaltree branch/walltoporbeam sothat tunnel, andadarknestingchamber Essential features; smallentrancehole(70mm),narrow Prefer areas ofmixedfarmlandandorchards