1 Analysis of Samples Collected at Special-Study
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1 ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES COLLECTED AT SPECIAL-STUDY SITES DELAWARE RIVER BASIN NAWQA PROJECT The National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program of the U.S. Geological Survey is a long-term program with goals to describe the status and trends of water-quality conditions for a large, representative part of the Nation’s ground- and surface-water resources; provide an improved understanding of the primary natural and human factors affecting these observed conditions and trends; and provide information that supports development and evaluation of management, regulatory, and monitoring decisions by other agencies. Assessment activities are being conducted in 53 study units (major watersheds and aquifer systems) that represent a wide range of environmental set- tings nationwide and that account for a large percentage of the Nation’s water use. A wide array of chemical constituents will be measured in ground water, surface water, streambed sediments, and fish tissues. The coordinated application of comparative hydrologic studies at a wide range of spatial and temporal scales will provide information for decision making by water-resources managers and a foundation for aggregation and comparison of findings to address water-quality issues of regional and national interest. NAWQA study units are divided into three groups that are studied intensively on a rotational basis. Three NAWQA studies have been active in the state of Pennsylvania. The Lower Susquehanna (LSUS) study unit conducted intensive sampling from 1993 through 1995 and is currently in a low-intensity phase. The Alleghney and Monongahela River Basins (ALMN) study unit conducted intensive sampling from 1996 through 1998 and is currently in a low-intensity phase. The Delaware River Basin (DELR) study unit started intensive sampling in 1999 and will complete this phase of the study in 2001. It will then enter the low-intensity phase and is scheduled to resume intensive sampling in 2008. Communication and coordination between USGS personnel and other local, State, and federal interests are critical components of the NAWQA Pro- gram. Each study unit has a local liaison committee consisting of representatives from key federal, State, and local water resources agencies, Indian nations, and universities in the study unit. Liaison committees typically meet semiannually to discuss their information needs, monitoring plans and progress, desired information products, and opportunities to collaborate efforts among the agencies. Additional information about the NAWQA Program is available through the world wide web at http://water.er.usgs.gov/nawqa/nawqa_home.html. Delaware River Basin (DELR) NAWQA fixed stations (fig. 10) are: Delaware River at Port Jervis, NY (01434000); Jordan Creek near Schnecksville, PA (01451800); Lehigh River at Glendon, PA (01454700); Delaware River at Trenton, NJ (01463500); Little Neshaminy Creek at Valley Rd. near Neshaminy, PA (01464907); Cooper River at Haddonfield, NJ (01467150); Tulpehocken Creek near Bernville, PA (01470779); French Creek near Phoenixville, PA (01472157); Schuylkill River at Philadelphia, PA (01474500); and Raccoon Creek near Swedesboro, NJ (01477120) (Figure 10). Data from Pennsylvania fixed stations are published in the continuous-record section of this report. Additional data on bed sediment, fish tissue, fish community, and synoptic sam- pling sites can be found in the special-studies section of this report. A complete list of Delaware NAWQA data can be found in ‘Water Resources Data, New Jersey, Water Year 2000’, Water-Data Report NJ-00-3. 2 ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES COLLECTED AT SPECIAL-STUDY SITES DELAWARE RIVER BASIN NAWQA PROJECT Laboratory Measurements Samples for biochemical-oxygen demand, fecal coliform and enterococcus bacteria, and hexavalent chromium are analyzed at the New Jersey Depart- ment of Health, Public Health and Environmental Laboratories. Samples for nutrients are analyzed at the New Jersey Department of Health or at the U.S. Geological Survey Laboratory in Arvada, Colorado. Sediment samples--parameter codes, 80154, 80157, and 80164--are analyzed in the U.S. Geological Sur- vey Laboratories in Iowa City, Iowa. All other samples are analyzed in the U.S. Geological Survey laboratory in Arvada, Colorado. Methods used in analyz- ing sediment samples and computing sediment records are given in TWRI, Book 5, Chap. C1. Methods used by the U.S. Geological Survey laboratory are given in TWRI, Book 1, Chap. D2; Book 3, Chap. C2; Book 5, Chap. A1, A3, A4, and A5. These methods are consistent with ASTM standards and generally follow ISO standards. Analyses of pesticides in surface-water samples (schedule 2001) Selected water samples from DELR-NAWQA study sites were analyzed for pesticides on schedule 2001 during the 2000 water year. This table lists the pesticides on the schedule, the unit of measure (micrograms per liter, µg/L), the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System parameter code, and the reporting level. Only pesticides measured at or above the minimum reporting level for one or more samples are listed in the water-quality tables. SCHEDULE DESCRIPTION.--Pesticides in filtered water extracted on C-18 Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) cartridge and analyzed by Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). SAMPLE REQUIREMENTS.--1 liter of water filtered through 0.7-micron glass-fiber depth filter, chilled at 4o C (packed in ice). CONTAINER REQUIREMENTS.--1 liter baked amber glass bottle (GCC) from NWQL. PCODE.--The USGS/EPA parameter code. MRL.--Minimum reporting level. MRL MRL PCode Compound Name PCode Compound Name (µg/L) (µg/L) 82660 2,6-Diethylaniline 0.003 82667 Parathion-methyl 0.006 49260 Acetochlor 0.002 39415 Metolachlor 0.002 46342 Alachlor 0.002 82630 Metribuzin 0.004 34253 alpha-HCH 0.002 82671 Molinate 0.004 39632 Atrazine 0.001 82684 Napropamide 0.003 82673 Benfluralin 0.002 34653 p,p‘-DDE 0.006 04028 Butylate 0.002 39542 Parathion 0.004 82680 Carbaryl 0.003 82669 Pebulate 0.004 82674 Carbofuran 0.003 82683 Pendimethalin 0.004 38933 Chlorpyrifos 0.004 82687 cis-Permethrin 0.005 04041 Cyanazine 0.004 82664 Phorate 0.002 82682 Dacthal 0.002 04037 Prometon 0.018 04040 Deethylatrazine 0.002 82676 Propyzamide 0.003 39572 Diazinon 0.002 04024 Propachlor 0.007 39381 Dieldrin 0.001 82679 Propanil 0.004 82677 Disulfoton 0.017 82685 Propargite 0.013 82668 EPTC 0.002 04035 Simazine 0.005 82663 Ethalfluralin 0.004 82670 Tebuthiuron 0.010 82672 Ethoprophos 0.003 82665 Terbacil 0.007 04095 Fonofos 0.003 82675 Terbufos 0.013 39341 Lindane 0.004 04022 Terbuthylazine 0.1 82666 Linuron 0.002 82681 Thiobencarb 0.002 39532 Malathion 0.005 82678 Triallate 0.001 82686 Azinphos-methyl 0.001 82661 Trifluralin 0.002 3 ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES COLLECTED AT SPECIAL-STUDY SITES DELAWARE RIVER BASIN NAWQA PROJECT Analyses of volatile organic compounds in surface-water and ground-water samples (schedule 2020/2021) Selected surface water samples from DELR-NAWQA study sites were analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in water year 2000. The National Water Quality Lab (NWQL) created a method for accurate determination of VOCs in water in the nanogram per liter range, schedules 2020/2021. The method described in USGS Open-File Report 97-829 (Connor and others) is similar to USEPA method 524-2 (Mund, 1995) and the method described by Rose and Schroeder (1995). Minor improvements to instrument operating conditions include the following: additional compounds, quantitation ions that are different from those recommended in USEPA Method 524.2 because of interferences from the additional compounds, and a data reporting strategy for mea- suring detected compounds extrapolated at less than the lowest calibration standard or measured at less than the reporting limit. The minimum reporting limit (MRL) is introduced as a statistically defined reporting limit designed to limit false positives and false negatives to less than 1 percent. This table lists the volatile organic compounds on the schedule, the unit of measure (micrograms per liter (µg/L), the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System parameter code, the Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) compound name, and the National Water Quality Laboratory compound name. Positive detections measured at less than MRL but greater than or equal to the long-term method-detection limit are reported as estimated concentrations (E) to alert the data user to decreased confidence in accurate quantitation. Values for analytes in the 2020/2021 schedules are preceded by an "E" in the following situations: 1. When the calculated concentration is less than the lowest calibration standard. The analyte meets all identification criteria to be positively identi- fied, but the amount detected is below where it can be reliably quantified. 2. If a sample is diluted for any reason. The method reporting level is multiplied by the dilution factor to obtain the adjusted method reporting level. Values below the lowest calibration standard, multiplied by the dilution factor are qualified with an "E". For example, a value of 0.19 in a 1:2 dilution is reported as E0.1. 3. If the set spike has recoveries out of the specified range (60-140%). 4. If the analyte is also detected in the set blank. If the value in the sample is less than five times the blank value and greater than the blank value plus the long term method detection limit, the value is preceded by an "E" to indicate that the analyte is positively identified but not positively quantified because the analyte was also detected in the blank. Only VOCs detected for one or more samples are listed in the water-quality tables. 4 ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES COLLECTED AT SPECIAL-STUDY SITES DELAWARE RIVER BASIN NAWQA PROJECT SCHEDULE DESCRIPTION.--The sample water is actively purged with helium to extract the volatile organic compounds. The volatile compounds are trapped onto a sorbent trap, thermally desorbed, separated by a megabore gas chromatographic capillary column, and finally determined by a full scan quadropole mass spectrometer.