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Appendix F Ottoman Casualties
ORDERED TO DIE Recent Titles in Contributions in Military Studies Jerome Bonaparte: The War Years, 1800-1815 Glenn J. Lamar Toward a Revolution in Military Affairs9: Defense and Security at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century Thierry Gongora and Harald von RiekhojJ, editors Rolling the Iron Dice: Historical Analogies and Decisions to Use Military Force in Regional Contingencies Scot Macdonald To Acknowledge a War: The Korean War in American Memory Paid M. Edwards Implosion: Downsizing the U.S. Military, 1987-2015 Bart Brasher From Ice-Breaker to Missile Boat: The Evolution of Israel's Naval Strategy Mo she Tzalel Creating an American Lake: United States Imperialism and Strategic Security in the Pacific Basin, 1945-1947 Hal M. Friedman Native vs. Settler: Ethnic Conflict in Israel/Palestine, Northern Ireland, and South Africa Thomas G. Mitchell Battling for Bombers: The U.S. Air Force Fights for Its Modern Strategic Aircraft Programs Frank P. Donnini The Formative Influences, Theones, and Campaigns of the Archduke Carl of Austria Lee Eystnrlid Great Captains of Antiquity Richard A. Gabriel Doctrine Under Trial: American Artillery Employment in World War I Mark E. Grotelueschen ORDERED TO DIE A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War Edward J. Erickson Foreword by General Huseyin Kivrikoglu Contributions in Military Studies, Number 201 GREENWOOD PRESS Westport, Connecticut • London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Erickson, Edward J., 1950— Ordered to die : a history of the Ottoman army in the first World War / Edward J. Erickson, foreword by General Htiseyin Kivrikoglu p. cm.—(Contributions in military studies, ISSN 0883-6884 ; no. -
The Political Ideas of Derviş Vahdeti As Reflected in Volkan Newspaper (1908-1909)
THE POLITICAL IDEAS OF DERVİŞ VAHDETİ AS REFLECTED IN VOLKAN NEWSPAPER (1908-1909) by TALHA MURAT Submitted to the Graduate School of Social Sciences in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Sabancı University AUGUST 2020 THE POLITICAL IDEAS OF DERVİŞ VAHDETİ AS REFLECTED IN VOLKAN NEWSPAPER (1908-1909) Approved by: Assoc. Prof. Selçuk Akşin Somel . (Thesis Supervisor) Assist. Prof. Ayşe Ozil . Assist. Prof. Fatih Bayram . Date of Approval: August 10, 2020 TALHA MURAT 2020 c All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT THE POLITICAL IDEAS OF DERVİŞ VAHDETİ AS REFLECTED IN VOLKAN NEWSPAPER (1908-1909) TALHA MURAT TURKISH STUDIES M.A. THESIS, AUGUST 2020 Thesis Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Selçuk Akşin Somel Keywords: Derviş Vahdeti, Volkan, Pan-Islamism, Ottomanism, Political Islam The aim of this study is to reveal and explore the political ideas of Derviş Vahdeti (1870-1909) who was an important and controversial actor during the first months of the Second Constitutional Period (1908-1918). Starting from 11 December 1908, Vahdeti edited a daily newspaper, named Volkan (Volcano), until 20 April 1909. He personally published a number of writings in Volkan, and expressed his ideas on multiple subjects ranging from politics to the social life in the Ottoman Empire. His harsh criticism that targeted the policies of the Ottoman Committee of Progress and Union (CUP, Osmanlı İttihâd ve Terakki Cemiyeti) made him a serious threat for the authority of the CUP. Vahdeti later established an activist and religion- oriented party, named Muhammadan Union (İttihâd-ı Muhammedi). Although he was subject to a number of studies on the Second Constitutional Period due to his alleged role in the 31 March Incident of 1909, his ideas were mostly ignored and/or he was labelled as a religious extremist (mürteci). -
The Story of the Life and Times of Thomas Cosmades
Thomas Cosmades The Story of the Life and Times of Thomas Cosmades Introduction For years friends and family have been requesting me to put down at least the highlights of my life, pleasant and unpleasant. Following serious thought I concluded that doing this could be of service to people dear to me. Also my account can benefit coming generations. Many recollections in my thoughts still cheer my heart and others sadden, or make me ashamed, even after many years. If I fail to put my remembrances on paper they will die with me; otherwise they will profit those interested. I am confident of their being useful, at least to some. Innumerable people have written and published their life stories. Some have attracted favorable impressions and others the contrary. The free pen entrusted for free expression shouldn’t hesitate to record memories of some value. We are living in an age of intimidation and trepidation. People everywhere are weighing their words, writings, criticisms, drawings, etc. Prevailing conditions often dictate people’s manner of communication. Much talk is going around regarding democracy and free speech. Let’s be candid about it, democratic freedom is curtailed at every turn with the erosion of unrestricted utterance. The free person shouldn’t be intimidated by exorbitant reaction, or even violence. I firmly believe that thoughts, events and injustices should be spelled out. Therefore, I have recorded these pages. I did not conceal my failures, unwise decisions and crises in my own life. The same principle I have applied to conditions under which I lived and encountered from my childhood onwards. -
A REASSESSMENT: the YOUNG TURKS, THEIR POLITICS and ANTI-COLONIAL STRUGGLE the Jeunes Turcs Or Young Turks Were a Heterogeneous
DOĞU ERGIL A REASSESSMENT: THE YOUNG TURKS, THEIR POLITICS AND ANTI-COLONIAL STRUGGLE INTRODUCTION The Jeunes Turcs or Young Turks were a heterogeneous body of in tellectuals with conflicting interests and ideologies. However, their common goal was opposition to Hamidian absolutism. Although the Young Turks were the heirs of the New Ottoman political tradition of constitutionalism and freedom —which were believed to be the final words in modernization by both factions— they did not come from the elite bureaucratic circles of the New Ottomans1. The Young Turks were the products of the modern secular, military or civilian professional schools. They «belonged to the newly emerging professional classes: lecturers in the recently founded government colleges, lawyers trained in western law, journalists, minor clerks in the bureaucracy, and junior officers trained in western-style war colleges. Most of them were half-educated and products of the state (high) schools. The well-educated ones had no experience of administration and little idea about running a government. There was not a single ex perienced statesman amongst them»12. The historical evidence at hand suggests that the great majority of the Young Turk cadres was recruited primarily from among the children of the petty-bourgeoisie. Most of the prominent Young Turk statesmen came from such marginal middle-class families. For example, Talat Paşa (Prime Minister) was a small postal clerk in Salonica with only a junior high-school education 1. The best socio-historical account of the -
Asimi) Qawasim Confederation Migrates to the Coast of the Arab Gulf from the Persian Littoral
Timeline / Before 1800 to After 1930 / POLITICAL CONTEXT Date Country Theme 1700 United Arab Emirates (Sharjah) Political Context In the early 1700s, the (Al-Qasimi) Qawasim confederation migrates to the coast of the Arab Gulf from the Persian littoral. Here, they establish their main base in Julfar (later Ras al-Khaimah), soon extending their sway all along the lower Gulf, across areas of the east coast and towns on the Persian littoral. 1765 - 1800 Saudi Arabia Political Context In 1765 Imam Muhammad bin Saud establishes the First Saudi State in Arabia, starting with the Najd region, and making its capital the city of Dir‘iyya. 1782 - 1813 Tunisia Political Context During the reign of Hammuda Pasha Bey, known as the “Founder” of modern Tunisia, the Regency of Tunis enjoys a thriving economy and an overall sense of security. 1790 - 1800 United Arab Emirates (Sharjah) Political Context Between around 1790 and the early 1800s, threatened by increasing British inroads into traditional Gulf economies and politics, and supported by the Persians and Omanis, the Qawasim attack British vessels to defend their economic empire in the Lower Gulf. 1797 Austria Political Context Austria and France conclude the Treaty of Campo Formio on 17 October. Austria then cedes to Belgium and Lombardy. To compensate, it gains the eastern part of the Venetian Republic up to the Adige, including Venice, Istria and Dalmatia. 1800 - 1803 Saudi Arabia Political Context Most parts of Arabia become part of the new Saudi State. In 1803, The two holy cities of Mecca (Makkah) and Medina (Madinah), along with the rest of the Hijaz region, join the Saudi State. -
The Case of Said Nursi
Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 2015 The Dialectics of Secularism and Revivalism in Turkey: The Case of Said Nursi Zubeyir Nisanci Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss Part of the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Nisanci, Zubeyir, "The Dialectics of Secularism and Revivalism in Turkey: The Case of Said Nursi" (2015). Dissertations. 1482. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/1482 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 2015 Zubeyir Nisanci LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO THE DIALECTICS OF SECULARISM AND REVIVALISM IN TURKEY: THE CASE OF SAID NURSI A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY PROGRAM IN SOCIOLOGY BY ZUBEYIR NISANCI CHICAGO, ILLINOIS MAY 2015 Copyright by Zubeyir Nisanci, 2015 All rights reserved. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am deeply grateful to Dr. Rhys H. Williams who chaired this dissertation project. His theoretical and methodological suggestions and advice guided me in formulating and writing this dissertation. It is because of his guidance that this study proved to be a very fruitful academic research and theoretical learning experience for myself. My gratitude also goes to the other members of the committee, Drs. Michael Agliardo, Laureen Langman and Marcia Hermansen for their suggestions and advice. -
Who's Who in Politics in Turkey
WHO’S WHO IN POLITICS IN TURKEY Sarıdemir Mah. Ragıp Gümüşpala Cad. No: 10 34134 Eminönü/İstanbul Tel: (0212) 522 02 02 - Faks: (0212) 513 54 00 www.tarihvakfi.org.tr - [email protected] © Tarih Vakfı Yayınları, 2019 WHO’S WHO IN POLITICS IN TURKEY PROJECT Project Coordinators İsmet Akça, Barış Alp Özden Editors İsmet Akça, Barış Alp Özden Authors Süreyya Algül, Aslı Aydemir, Gökhan Demir, Ali Yalçın Göymen, Erhan Keleşoğlu, Canan Özbey, Baran Alp Uncu Translation Bilge Güler Proofreading in English Mark David Wyers Book Design Aşkın Yücel Seçkin Cover Design Aşkın Yücel Seçkin Printing Yıkılmazlar Basın Yayın Prom. ve Kağıt San. Tic. Ltd. Şti. Evren Mahallesi, Gülbahar Cd. 62/C, 34212 Bağcılar/İstanbull Tel: (0212) 630 64 73 Registered Publisher: 12102 Registered Printer: 11965 First Edition: İstanbul, 2019 ISBN Who’s Who in Politics in Turkey Project has been carried out with the coordination by the History Foundation and the contribution of Heinrich Böll Foundation Turkey Representation. WHO’S WHO IN POLITICS IN TURKEY —EDITORS İSMET AKÇA - BARIŞ ALP ÖZDEN AUTHORS SÜREYYA ALGÜL - ASLI AYDEMİR - GÖKHAN DEMİR ALİ YALÇIN GÖYMEN - ERHAN KELEŞOĞLU CANAN ÖZBEY - BARAN ALP UNCU TARİH VAKFI YAYINLARI Table of Contents i Foreword 1 Abdi İpekçi 3 Abdülkadir Aksu 6 Abdullah Çatlı 8 Abdullah Gül 11 Abdullah Öcalan 14 Abdüllatif Şener 16 Adnan Menderes 19 Ahmet Altan 21 Ahmet Davutoğlu 24 Ahmet Necdet Sezer 26 Ahmet Şık 28 Ahmet Taner Kışlalı 30 Ahmet Türk 32 Akın Birdal 34 Alaattin Çakıcı 36 Ali Babacan 38 Alparslan Türkeş 41 Arzu Çerkezoğlu -
Issue Full File
Yakın Dönem Türkiye Araştırmaları Recent Period Turkish Studies ISSN : 1304-9720 E-ISSN : 2547-9679 Sayı/Issue: 38, 2020 Dergi, TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM TR Dizin, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Sosyal Bilimler Atıf Dizini (SOBIAD), Research Bible (ResearchBib) ve İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi (İSAM) tarafından taranmaktadır. The journal is indexed by TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM TR Dizin, DOAJ, SOBIAD, ResearchBib and İSAM. Dergimizdeki İngilizce, Fransızca ve Almanca makaleler Index Islamicus tarafından taranmaktadır. English, French and German articles published in the journal are indexed by Index Islamicus. Dergimize gönderilen makalelerin intihal kontrolü Ithenticate İntihal Tespit Programı ile gerçekleştirilmektedir. Plagiarism control of articles submitted to our journal is carried out with Ithenticate Plagiarism Program. Araştırma ve Yayın Etiğine uygunluk açısından ICMJE (International Committee of Medical Journal Editors) ile COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) tavsiyelerine uymayan makaleler reddedilir. Articles failing to comply with the recommendations of ICMJE (International Committee of Medical Journal Editors) and CODE (Committee on Publication Ethics) with regard to the research and publication ethics are rejected TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYETİ REPUBLIC OF TURKEY İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY ATATÜRK İLKELERİ VE İNKILÂP TARİHİ INSTITUTE OF ATATÜRK’S PRINCIPLES ENSTİTÜSÜ AND REFORMS Aralık 2020/December 2020 Yakın Dönem Türkiye Araştırmaları Recent Period Turkish Studies ISSN : 1304-9720 E-ISSN : 2547-9679 Sayı/Issue: 38, 2020 EDİTÖRYAL KURUL / EDITORIAL BOARD Prof. Dr. Mustafa BUDAK İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye Prof. Dr. Halil BAL İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye Prof. Dr. Mustafa DELİCAN İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye Prof. Dr. Ş. Can ERDEM Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye Prof. Dr. Fethi GEDİKLİ İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye Prof. Dr. Şükrü HANİOĞLU Princeton Üniversitesi, New Jersey, ABD Prof. -
Assessing the Role of Turkey in British Foreign Policy, 1908-1914
Assessing the role of Turkey in British Foreign Policy, 1908-1914 Simon Richard Tate Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History, University of East Anglia April 2020 This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that use of any information derived therefrom must be in accordance with current UK Copyright Law. In addition, any quotation or extract must include full attribution. Abstract The future of the Ottoman Empire was an important issue in international politics during the early years of the Twentieth Century. As more and more of its territory was chipped away, the events caused by this this process of disintegration became central to Great Power relations in the period before the First World War. These developments were particularly significant from the British perspective, not only because the Young Turk revolution of 1908 seemed to promise a brighter future for Anglo-Turkish relations, but because the British interest in maintaining the Ottoman Empire for as long as possible, for fear of what came next, directly conflicted with the more aggressive designs of Russia, one of the two Powers with which Britain had recently become aligned. Much of the literature on Anglo-Turkish relations of the period has tended to argue that a ‘golden opportunity’ existed for Britain to improve her relations with the Ottoman Empire following the coming to power of the ‘Young Turks’, who were, both at the time and in more recent scholarship, asserted to have possessed Anglophile tendencies. -
Arab Revolt 1 Arab Revolt
Arab Revolt 1 Arab Revolt Al-Thawra al-`Arabiyya) (Turkish: Arap İsyanı) was initiated byﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ :The Arab Revolt (1916–1918) (Arabic the Sherif Hussein bin Ali with the aim of securing independence from the ruling Ottoman Turks and creating a single unified Arab state spanning from Aleppo in Syria to Aden in Yemen. Background Further information: Second Constitutional Era (Ottoman Empire) The rise of nationalism under the Ottoman Empire goes back to 1821. Arab nationalism has its roots in the Mashriq (the Arabs lands east of Egypt), particularly in countries of Sham (the Levant). The political orientation of Arab nationalists in the years prior to the Great War was generally moderate. The Young Turk Revolution began on 3 July 1908 and quickly spread throughout the empire, resulting in the sultan's announcement of the restoration of the 1876 constitution and the reconvening of parliament. This period is known as the Second Constitutional Era. The Arabs' demands were of a reformist nature, limited in general to autonomy, greater use of Arabic in education, and changes in conscription in the Ottoman Empire in peacetime for Arab conscripts that allowed local service in the Ottoman army. In the elections held in 1908, the Young Turks through their Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) managed to gain the upper hand against the rival group led by Prens Sabahaddin. The CUP was more liberal in outlook, bore a strong British imprint, and was closer to the Sultan. The new parliament comprised 142 Turks, 60 Arabs, 25 Albanians, 23 Greeks, 12 Armenians (including four Dashnaks and two Hunchas), 5 Jews, 4 Bulgarians, 3 Serbs, and 1 Vlach. -
Contestations Over Macedonian Identity, 1870–1912
VICTORIA UNIVERSITY CONTESTATIONS OVER MACEDONIAN IDENTITY, 1870–1912 by NICK ANASTASOVSKI A THESIS SUBMITTED TO VICTORIA UNIVERSITY IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES MELBOURNE, VICTORIA MAY, 2005 2 STUDENT DECLARATION I, Nick Anastasovski, declare that the thesis entitled Contestations over Macedonian Identity 1870–1912 is no more than 100,000 words in length, exclusive of tables, figures, appendices and references. This thesis contains no material that has been submitted previously, in whole or in part, for the award of any other academic degree or diploma. Except where otherwise indicated, this thesis is my own work. Nick Anastasovski May 2005 3 DEDICATION To my wife Sophie whose support and encouragement made the study possible 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract 9 Acknowledgments 11 Glossary of terms 13 List of maps 28 List of tables 32 List of illustrations 39 List of photographs 40 Introduction 42 Context 42 Summary 48 Chapter One: Colonisation and Islamicisation 55 1.1 Colonisation and Islamicisation 55 1.2 Religion and nationality 92 Chapter Two: Peoples and Populations 99 2.1 Peoples of Macedonia 99 Macedonians: The contested majority 99 Vlahs: Romanian or Greek, a contested minority 107 5 Greeks: Fishermen, farmers or townsfolk? 112 Turks and Albanians: The colonists 114 Gypsies and Jews: The uncontested 120 2.2 Conflicts around population data 124 Territorial boundaries 124 2.3 Population statistics 128 Ottoman Turkish population data 128 Population statistics advocated -
The Formation of Turkish National Identity: the Role of the Greek “Other”
THE FORMATION OF TURKISH NATIONAL IDENTITY: THE ROLE OF THE GREEK “OTHER” A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY FER ĐDE ASLI ERGÜL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS SEPTEMBER 2009 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences ___________________ Prof. Dr. Sencer Ayata Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ___________________ Prof. Dr. Meliha Altunı şık Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ____________________ Prof. Dr. A. Nuri Yurdusev Supervisor Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. Şaban Çalı ş (Selçuk University, IR) ____________________ Prof. Dr. A. Nuri Yurdusev (METU, IR) ____________________ Prof. Dr. Mustafa Aydın (TOBB ETU, IR) ____________________ Assoc. Prof. Dr. Oktay Tanrısever (METU, IR) ____________________ Assist. Prof. Dr. Zana Çitak Aytürk (METU, IR) ____________________ I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name: Signature: iii ABSTRACT THE FORMATION OF TURKISH NATIONAL IDENTITY: THE ROLE OF THE GREEK “OTHER” Ergül, Feride Aslı Ph.D., Department of International Relations Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ahmet Nuri Yurdusev September 2009, 351 pages.