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Texas Guide for Controlling Insects on Commercial Vegetable Crops

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Texas Guide for Controlling Insects on Commercial Vegetable Crops E-210 Texas Guide for Controlling Insects on Commercial Vegetable Crops Texas Agricultural Extension Service • Zerle L. Carpenter, Director • The Texas A&M University System • College Station, Texas Table of Contents Page Selecting a Pesticide..............................................................................................................................................3 Using this Guide....................................................................................................................................................3 pH Effects of Spray Water......................................................................................................................................4 Biological Control ................................................................................................................................................4 Microbial Insecticides ..........................................................................................................................................4 Cultural Control ....................................................................................................................................................5 Insecticide Resistance Management......................................................................................................................5 Protecting Bees from Insecticides ........................................................................................................................5 Pesticide Safety......................................................................................................................................................5 Endangered Species Regulations ..........................................................................................................................5 Policy Statement for Making Pest Management Suggestions ................................................................................6 Symbols and Abbreviations Used in Table 2..........................................................................................................6 Table 1. Product Information ................................................................................................................................7 Table 2. Products for Insect and Mite Control (Listed by Crop) ..........................................................................9 Beans (Dry and Snap) ..................................................................................................................................9 Beets (Table) ..............................................................................................................................................10 Carrots........................................................................................................................................................10 Celery ........................................................................................................................................................11 Cantaloupes, Honeydews, Cucumbers & Watermelons ............................................................................12 Cole Crops (Broccoli, Cauliflower and Cabbage) ......................................................................................13 Eggplant......................................................................................................................................................14 Kale and Collards ......................................................................................................................................15 Lettuce (Head) ..........................................................................................................................................16 Mustard and Turnips (Greens and Roots ) ................................................................................................17 Okra............................................................................................................................................................18 Onions........................................................................................................................................................18 Peas (Dry & Green)....................................................................................................................................19 Peppers ......................................................................................................................................................20 Potatoes (Irish) ..........................................................................................................................................21 Pumpkins and other Winter Squash ..........................................................................................................22 Radishes......................................................................................................................................................23 Spinach ......................................................................................................................................................23 Squash (Summer) ......................................................................................................................................24 Sweet Corn ................................................................................................................................................25 Sweet Potatoes ..........................................................................................................................................26 Tomatoes ..................................................................................................................................................27 Table 3. Products with general vegetable labels ................................................................................................28 Table 4. Pre-harvest intervals ..............................................................................................................................29 Texas Guide for Ccontrolling Insects on Commercial Vegetable Crops Alton N. Sparks, Jr. Extension Entomologist The Texas A&M University System The commercial vegetable market has low tolerances ■ Cost per acre, factoring in the number of applica- for insect and mite damage on edible foods. Such damage tions required to achieve control as well as the can reduce the yield and quality of produce. Sometimes a potential for pest resurgence and associated costs; crop is rejected at market because of even small amounts ■ Potential hazards to the applicator, mixer, farm work- of damage, cosmetic blemishes or the presence of insect ers and the environment; signal words on product parts. Another reason to control insect pests is that some labels indicate the hazards to humans; the label also of them are vectors of plant diseases, particularly viruses. describes environmental hazards; To meet stringent market requirements for vegetables, ■ Use restrictions, including re-entry intervals, pre-har- it is sometimes necessary to control insects before the vest intervals, number of allowable applications, time crop is actually damaged. Therefore, pests must be detect- required between applications, and restrictions on ed early, as they enter a field. Vegetable crops should be mixing with other products. inspected for insect pests two or three times per week to determine when to begin insecticide treatment and to properly time subsequent applications. Insecticide appli- cations made too early may not provide the protection Using this Guide needed, while those made too late will not prevent crop damage.When pest problems are predictable because they occur every year, applying systemic insecticides, or spray- his publication lists the insecticides and acaricides ing at susceptible crop stages, may be justified as a preven- Tregistered for control of selected pests of commer- tive measure. cial, field-grown vegetable crops (home vegetable garden- ers should refer to B-1300, “Managing Insect and Mite Pests in Vegetable Gardens”). It is written for comparison Selecting a Pesticide and educational purposes only, and is not intended to be a complete pest control manual.This list of insecticides was compiled from the most recent product labels available at pesticide should be chosen with knowledge of the the time of publication. The inclusion of an insecticide in Aspecific pest problems and crop conditions. There this listing does not guarantee its effectiveness against a is often more than one pesticide that will control a partic- particular pest; it simply signifies that the pest is listed on ular pest. In selecting a pesticide, consider: the product’s label. The registered rate(s) for pesticides in multiple crop listings (e.g., cole crops) and multiple pest ■ Product efficacy or effectiveness against the target listings (e.g., cutworms), or with more than one formula- pest, as well as impact on other pests in the field; tion, may vary with the specific crop-pest-formulation combination. Furthermore, the crops included on the ■ Chemical class or mode of action; rotating among label can vary with formulation and/or trade names. pesticide classes with different modes of action may Therefore, THE PRODUCT LABEL MUST BE CONSULTED help delay insecticide resistance in the pest; BEFORE USE. ■ Target specificity and hazard to beneficials and Also, when using products with a special local need other non-target organisms; broad spectrum insecti-
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