These Devotional Thoughts Are Meant to Help You Understand God's Word
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LXX Jeremiah 25 and 36 in the Light of Jewish Literature of the Time: on the Word Usage Related to Exile and Diaspora
HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies ISSN: (Online) 2072-8050, (Print) 0259-9422 Page 1 of 8 Original Research LXX Jeremiah 25 and 36 in the light of Jewish literature of the time: On the word usage related to exile and diaspora Author: This article is not meant to contribute to the debate on the textual history of the book of Jeremiah 1 Arie van der Kooij but intends to examine specific data in the Old Greek version (Septuagint [LXX] Jeremiah) in the Affiliation: light of Jewish literature at the time of the translator. The angle of approach concerns the word 1Faculty of Humanities, usage related to exile and diaspora in LXX Jeremiah 25 and 36, on the one hand, and 2 Maccabees Centre for the Study of 1–2 and Tobit 14, on the other hand. I shall argue that the latter two texts display a usage of the Religion, Leiden University, terminology involved that at the same time is related to a particular view of the post-exilic age. Leiden, The Netherlands After a brief discussion of the terminology involved from a broader perspective, LXX Jeremiah 25 Corresponding author: and 36 are looked at from a perspective obtained from the analysis of the two contemporary texts. Arie van der Kooij, [email protected] Contribution: This article fits within the scope of HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies since it contributes to research regarding historical thought (source interpretation, reception of Dates: and traditions about Jeremiah) and hermeneutics. Received: 05 Apr. 2021 Accepted: 12 May 2021 Keywords: LXX Jeremiah; exile; diaspora; 2 Maccabees; Tobit; reception of Jeremiah; traditions Published: 17 Aug. -
Ezra/Nehemiah: A BRIEF INTRODUCTION
Ezra/Nehemiah: A BRIEF INTRODUCTION Whoever is among you of all his people, may his God be with him, and let him go up to Jerusalem, which is in Judah, and rebuild the house of the LORD, the God of Israel—he is the God who is in Jerusalem. 1-3 Historical Background Author It is unknown who wrote Ezra and Nehemiah. Historically it was believed that Ezra and Nehemiah author each book that carries their names in the title. Primarily because of the memoires that exist in each book (Ezra 7-10; Neh. 8-9) and the first person pronouns that are included throughout each book. Setting ● Israel’s capital is Jerusalem which is a vassal state under the control of the Persian King. ● Most Jews were exiled to Babylon / Persia. Some were left behind and remained in the land. ● When the Jewish exiles returned to the land, they faced opposition from enemies, particularly the Samarians who lived there. ● When the exiles returned to the land, they discovered that the distinctiveness of the Jews who were not deported had been compromised. Many had intermarried with non-Jews, which was forbidden in the Law (Ezra 9-10, Nehemiah 13:23-29). ● God called Ezra (priest) to bring the community back to covenant faithfulness (Torah). ● God called Nehemiah (governor) to rebuild Jerusalem’s wall, to secure the city. ● The repopulation of the Promised Land was a fulfillment of Biblical prophecy (Isa. 40:1-11, Jer. 25:11-12, 29:10) Date The events in both books take place over a span of roughly 60yrs (Ezra 539-458; Neh. -
Ezra and Nehemiah
Ezra and Nehemiah by Daniel J. Lewis ©Copyright 1998 by Diakonos Troy, Michigan USA 2 Ezra-Nehemiah...........................................................................................................3 One Book or Two ..................................................................................................3 Languages ..............................................................................................................4 The Ezra-Nehemiah Chronology...........................................................................5 Authorship .............................................................................................................6 The Exile and the Promise of Restoration.............................................................6 Purpose...................................................................................................................7 Structure.................................................................................................................7 The Book of Ezra...............................................................................................7 The Book of Nehemiah......................................................................................7 The Book of Ezra.......................................................................................................8 The Return of Exiles with Sheshbazzar and Zerubbabel (1-2).............................9 The Restoration of Worship and the Building of the Second Temple (3-6)...... 12 Building the Great Altar and -
Nehemiah 1 – Study Leader's Questions
Nehemiah 1 – Study Leader’s Questions 1. In what ways did Nehemiah show his concern for the captives who had returned to Jerusalem? 2. What was Nehemiah’s first response when faced with a seemingly hopeless predicament? 3. What does Nehemiah’s prayer reveal about his view of himself and of God? 4. How do you think prayer prepared Nehemiah to lead his people? 5. Why would Nehemiah’s position of authority be an asset in improving the situation? 6. If God knows all of our fears, desires, and needs, why does he want us to pray about them? 7. Based on this passage, what are some of the ingredients of effective prayer? 8. In what ways can prayer change a person’s attitude towards life’s difficulties? 9. In what ways does God bless those who continually turn to him in prayer? 2 Nehemiah 1 – Answers to Questions See Dr Ruckman’s commentary The Books of Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther pp 181-198 and the Ruckman Reference Bible pp 675-688, 694-695, 1019 for detailed comments. 1. In what ways did Nehemiah show his concern for the captives who had returned to Jerusalem? “And it came to pass, when I heard these words, that I sat down and wept, and mourned cer- tain days, and fasted, and prayed before the God of heaven” Nehemiah 1:4. “Fasted and prayed” occurs once more in scripture, Acts 13:3, before another great enterprise, i.e. mission- ary work. “Fasting” with “prayer” occurs 5 times in scripture; Psalm 35:13, Daniel 9:3, Mat- thew 17:21, Mark 9:29, 1 Corinthians 7:5. -
Nehemiah 9-10: Structure and Significance1
Nehemiah 9-10: Structure and Significance1 Tamara Cohn Eskenazi Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion, Los Angeles, CA I 1.1. The people's prayer in Neh. 9:6-37 has been recognized rightly as the theological centerpiece of Ezra-Nehemiah (EN). Despite its acknowledged importance, the prayer has eluded for a long time the kind of thorough analysis it deserves. The complex issues surrounding the prayer’s intertextuality probably account for the neglect. 1.2. It should be noted, however, that if the prayer is indeed the theological center of EN, then its importance extends beyond the field of EN studies. After all, the role of the postexilic community in shaping the Torah has become increasingly evident. Theories about the emergence of the Pentateuch increasingly emphasize the decisive role of the postexilic community, and EN, with all its complexities, remains the most detailed, explicit biblical source for understanding the postexilic community. The ability to perceive decisive editorial choices that shape the book’s content and structure, therefore, holds important clues for detecting postexilic ideas and values. Consequently, fuller insights into the structure and meaning of Nehemiah 9 are a big step toward gaining a greater comprehension of EN’s agenda as well as postexilic dynamics that influenced the communities responsible for the formation of the Pentateuch. 1 A version of this paper was presented at the International Meeting of SBL, Rome, July, 2001. 1.3. As is well known, the prayer in Neh 9:6-37 is almost entirely a mosaic of allusions to material found elsewhere in the Hebrew Bible. -
Pressing on Nehemiah 6:1-19
Pressing On Nehemiah 6:1-19 INTRODUCTION The famous Olympic athlete Jim Thorpe was no stranger to adversity. Growing up in the early 1900's as a Native American, Jim experienced the horrors of racism and prejudice. Not only that, he had to deal with the reality of death at an early age. His twin brother died when they were only 9 years old. And before he reached adulthood, both of his parents also died, leaving Jim an orphan. But God blessed Thorpe in one particular way—his athletic ability. He was one of the first players to ever play professional baseball and football. He was one of those rare athletes that excelled at whatever sport he tried. And among all of his accomplishments, perhaps his greatest was his two Gold medals in the 1912 summer Olympic games in Stockholm Sweden. Shortly before he was to start in the pentathlon, someone stole his shoes. Instead of giving up, Jim went to the trash and found two shoes … of two styles. One was an athletic shoe and another was a loafer. Each shoe was a different size. He compensated by adding an extra sock. He was determined to run the race that he had been asked to run. His perseverance and resolve to finish the race is what enabled him to run it. Jim was determined to run the race set before him with no excuses. You and I, have a race set before us. In fact, more than once the Bible uses this kind of imagery to describe the Christian life. -
Book of Nehemiah - Thorough
Book of Nehemiah - Thorough In the earliest form of the Hebrew canon known to us the books of Ezra and Nehemiah were united in one, under the name of "The Book of Ezra." After a while, a division was made, and the two books which we now recognize were distinguished as "the First Book of Ezra" and "the Second Book of Ezra" Later still - probably not until toward the close of the fourth century - the Second Book of Ezra came to be known as "the Book of Nehemiah." The Book of Nehemiah is composed of four quite distinct sections: (1) Neh. 1-7 containing the record of the 20th year of Artaxerxes (or 445-444 B.C.), but composed by Nehemiah at least twelve years later Neh 5:14. (2) the second section of the work consists of Neh. 8-10, and contains a narrative of some events belonging to the autumn of 444 B.C. In this portion Nehemiah is spoken of in the third person; פחה he is called the Tirshatha (Neh. 8:9)," whereas in the earlier chapters his title is always pechâh ("governor") (Neh. 5:14); and Ezra holds the first and most prominent position. The style of this portion of the book is markedly different from that of the earlier and later chapters; and critics are generally agreed that it is NOT from the hand of Nehemiah. Some assign it to Ezra; others conjecture Zadok (or Zidkijah), Nehemiah's scribe or secretary Neh 13:13, to have been the author. (3) Neh. 11-12:26, which consists of six important lists. -
Nehemiah 9:32-39 & 10:28-29 New Revised Standard Version October
Nehemiah 9:32-39 & 10:28-29 New Revised Standard Version October 29, 2017 The International Bible Lesson (Uniform Sunday School Lessons Series) for Sunday, October 29, 2017, is from Nehemiah 9:32-39 & 10:28-29. Questions for Discussion and Thinking Further follow the verse-by- verse International Bible Lesson Commentary. Study Hints for Discussion and Thinking Further will help with class preparation and in conducting class discussion: these hints are available on the International Bible Lessons Commentary website along with the International Bible Lesson that you may want to read to your class as part of your Bible study. You can discuss each week’s commentary and lesson at the International Bible Lesson Forum. (Nehemiah 9:32) “Now therefore, our God—the great and mighty and awesome God, keeping covenant and steadfast love—do not treat lightly all the hardship that has come upon us, upon our kings, our officials, our priests, our prophets, our ancestors, and all your people, since the time of the kings of Assyria until today. P a g e | 2 Chapters 1-7 of Nehemiah describe how Nehemiah prayed and worked to restore the wall around the city of Jerusalem. Chapters 8-13 of Nehemiah describe how Nehemiah prayed and worked to restore God’s people. To restore the people’s right relationship with God, Nehemiah had the Bible (the Law of God) read to the people and interpreted so they would understand their Scriptures. The people reaffirmed their commitment to obey the Bible (the Hebrew Scriptures); then, Nehemiah confessed their sins and reaffirmed their commitment to God in prayer. -
Ezra, Nehemiah and Esther
A Study Workbook for Teachers and Students Ezra, Nehemiah and Esther Revised June 6, 2015 1:43 PM Copyright © 2012 Mikeal R. Hughes, D.Min., Th.D., Ph.D. All Rights Reserved www.mikealrhughes.com Reproductions may be freely made and used, provided proper credit is given to the author and no charge is ever made in association with this material without the express written consent of the author. !48 Mikeal R. Hughes Printing Instructions 1. Download the booklet and open it in Adobe Reader 2. Print only the ODD pages. 3. Now FLIP THE PILE OVER so the blank sides are ready. 4. Print ONLY the EVEN pages. 5. Fold the pages in the middle and staple twice along the spine. Copyright © 2012, Mikeal R. Hughes, All Rights Reserved All scripture quotations, unless otherwise indicated, are taken from the New King James Version®. Copyright © 1982 Thomas Nelson, Inc. Used by permission. The Books of Ezra, Nehemiah and Esther !47 The Table of Contents: Books of Ezra, Nehemiah and Esther Introduction .............................................................................................................1 Lesson 1 - Ezra 1-2 Edict of Cyrus \ Names of those who returned first with Zerrubbabel .......................................................5 Lesson 2 - Ezra 3-4:5 Altar rebuit \ Help offered and refused. ..................7 Lesson 3 - Ezra 4:6 - 5:17 Letter to Artaxerxes \ work stopped \ Haggai & Zechariah begin rebuilding Temple ..........................9 Lesson 4 - Ezra 6 Darius’ reply \ Temple completed \ Dedication \ Passover feast celebrated ......................................11 Lesson 5 - Ezra 7-8 Ezra’s genealogy \ commission from Artaxerxes \ arrival at Jerusalem ............................................13 Lesson 6 - Ezra 9-10 Ezra’s displeasure over mixed marriages \ Ezra’s prayer \ putting away strange wives .....................17 Lesson 7 - Nehemiah 1-3 Nehemiah’s sorrow \ Request to go to Jerusalem \ Nehemiah at Jerusalem \ Inspecting the walls \ Opposition of Sanballat & Tobiah \ Rebuilding the walls \workers and places they worked. -
Week Thirty-Eight: a Kingdom Rebuilt
Week Thirty-eight: A Kingdom Rebuilt - Nehemiah 8-9 Overview As he prepares Israel to enter the land of promise, Moses speaks about the importance of Bible literacy: “At the end of every seven years, at the appointed time . you shall read this law before all Israel in their hearing . that their children, who have not known it, may hear and learn to fear the LORD your God as long as you live in the land” (Deut. 31:9-13). He completes the writing of the words of the law in a book and commands that the book be placed prominently beside the ark of the covenant (31:24-26). He regards Bible literacy as the very heart of Israel, “For it is not a futile thing for you, because it is your life, and by this word you shall prolong your days in the land which you cross over the Jordan to possess” (32:47). Moses also speaks about the time that their disobedience will take them into captivity, but that the LORD will bring them back to the land of promise—“that the LORD your God will bring you back from captivity, and have compassion on you, and gather you again from all the nations where the LORD your God has scattered you . from there the LORD your God will gather you, and from there He will bring you” (Deut. 30:3-4). Throughout Israel’s history they ignore Moses’ urgent warning regarding Bible literacy. Nearly 1,000 years pass, and they are taken captive by the Babylonians. -
The Lord's Day Sunday, March 22, 2020
The Lord’s Day Sunday, March 22, 2020 Order of Worship § Call to Worship & Opening Prayer Psalm 33:8-9 Pastor: Let all the earth fear the Lord; All: Let all the inhabitants of the world stand in awe of him! Pastor: For he spoke, and it came to be; All: He commanded, and it stood firm. § Hymn of Adoration How Firm a Foundation Words from Rippon’s Selection How firm a foundation, you saints of the Lord, of Hymns, 1787 Is laid for your faith in his excellent Word! Traditional American melody, What more can he say than to you he has said, 1832 To you who for refuge to Jesus have fled? “When through the deep waters I call you to go, The rivers of sorrow shall not overflow; For I will be with you, your troubles to bless, And sanctify to you your deepest distress.” “When through fiery trials your pathway shall lie, My grace, all-sufficient, shall be your supply; The flame shall not hurt you; I only design Your dross to consume and your gold to refine.” “The soul that on Jesus has leaned for repose, I will not, I will not desert to his foes; That soul, though all hell should endeavor to shake, I’ll never, no never, no never forsake.” “That soul, though all hell should endeavor to shake, I’ll never, no never, no never forsake.” Silent Confession & General Prayer of Confession Most merciful Father, whose Son, Jesus Christ, was tempted in every way, yet was without sin; we confess before you our sinfulness. -
Ezra and Nehemiah Violating the Spirit of the Law Lesson #5 for November 2, 2019 Scriptures: Nehemiah 5; Exodus 21:2-7; Micah 6:8; Deuteronomy 23:21-23
Ezra and Nehemiah Violating the Spirit of the Law Lesson #5 for November 2, 2019 Scriptures: Nehemiah 5; Exodus 21:2-7; Micah 6:8; Deuteronomy 23:21-23. 1. This lesson is based on the story recorded in Nehemiah 5. Have you ever been tempted to do something that was legal but not, strictly speaking, honest? Or, not ethical? 2. Almost from the beginning of time, humans have struggled with the question of wealth, poverty, and the gap between the rich and the poor. Jesus stated, “You have the poor with you always.” (Matthew 26:11, NKJV*) Does that give those who have more money or power the right to abuse them? That surely would not be a Christian thing to do. 3. Nehemiah 5, the main subject of our lesson for this week, follows a very clear structure: I. People’s troubles and complaints and Nehemiah’s decisive actions (Neh. 5:1-13) 1. People’s reasons for grievance (Neh. 5:1-5) 2. Nehemiah’s anger and rebuke (Neh. 5:6-7a) 3. Nehemiah’s call for a public assembly, and his charge against leaders (Neh. 5:7b-8a) 4. Leaders’ silence (Neh. 5:8b) 5. Nehemiah’s admonishment of leaders to walk in the fear of God and to return properties to people and repair the losses (Neh. 5:9-11) 6. Leaders’ positive response (Neh. 5:12a) 7. Oath of leaders, Nehemiah’s symbolic action, and people’s grateful praises to the Lord (Neh. 5:12b-13) II. Nehemiah’s 12 years of diligent and unselfish ministry (Neh.