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The Textiles of the Han Dynasty & Their Relationship with Society
The Textiles of the Han Dynasty & Their Relationship with Society Heather Langford Theses submitted for the degree of Master of Arts Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Centre of Asian Studies University of Adelaide May 2009 ii Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the research requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Centre of Asian Studies School of Humanities and Social Sciences Adelaide University 2009 iii Table of Contents 1. Introduction.........................................................................................1 1.1. Literature Review..............................................................................13 1.2. Chapter summary ..............................................................................17 1.3. Conclusion ........................................................................................19 2. Background .......................................................................................20 2.1. Pre Han History.................................................................................20 2.2. Qin Dynasty ......................................................................................24 2.3. The Han Dynasty...............................................................................25 2.3.1. Trade with the West............................................................................. 30 2.4. Conclusion ........................................................................................32 3. Textiles and Technology....................................................................33 -
Camelids: New Players in the International Animal Production Context
Tropical Animal Health and Production (2020) 52:903–913 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-019-02197-2 REVIEWS Camelids: new players in the international animal production context Mousa Zarrin1 & José L. Riveros2 & Amir Ahmadpour1,3 & André M. de Almeida4 & Gaukhar Konuspayeva5 & Einar Vargas- Bello-Pérez6 & Bernard Faye7 & Lorenzo E. Hernández-Castellano8 Received: 30 October 2019 /Accepted: 22 December 2019 /Published online: 2 January 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020 Abstract The Camelidae family comprises the Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus), the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius), and four species of South American camelids: llama (Lama glama),alpaca(Lama pacos)guanaco(Lama guanicoe), and vicuña (Vicugna vicugna). The main characteristic of these species is their ability to cope with either hard climatic conditions like those found in arid regions (Bactrian and dromedary camels) or high-altitude landscapes like those found in South America (South American camelids). Because of such interesting physiological and adaptive traits, the interest for these animals as livestock species has increased considerably over the last years. In general, the main animal products obtained from these animals are meat, milk, and hair fiber, although they are also used for races and work among other activities. In the near future, climate change will likely decrease agricultural areas for animal production worldwide, particularly in the tropics and subtropics where competition with crops for human consumption is a major problem already. In such conditions, extensive animal production could be limited in some extent to semi-arid rangelands, subjected to periodical draughts and erratic patterns of rainfall, severely affecting conventional livestock production, namely cattle and sheep. -
Bison Literature Review Biology
Bison Literature Review Ben Baldwin and Kody Menghini The purpose of this document is to compare the biology, ecology and basic behavior of cattle and bison for a management context. The literature related to bison is extensive and broad in scope covering the full continuum of domestication. The information incorporated in this review is focused on bison in more or less “wild” or free-ranging situations i.e.., not bison in close confinement or commercial production. While the scientific literature provides a solid basis for much of the basic biology and ecology, there is a wealth of information related to management implications and guidelines that is not captured. Much of the current information related to bison management, behavior (especially social organization) and practical knowledge is available through local experts, current research that has yet to be published, or popular literature. These sources, while harder to find and usually more localized in scope, provide crucial information pertaining to bison management. Biology Diet Composition Bison evolutional history provides the basis for many of the differences between bison and cattle. Bison due to their evolution in North America ecosystems are better adapted than introduced cattle, especially in grass dominated systems such as prairies. Many of these areas historically had relatively low quality forage. Bison are capable of more efficient digestion of low-quality forage then cattle (Peden et al. 1973; Plumb and Dodd 1993). Peden et al. (1973) also found that bison could consume greater quantities of low protein and poor quality forage then cattle. Bison and cattle have significant dietary overlap, but there are slight differences as well. -
World Bank Document
Repcrit No. 519a-NEP FILE COPY Agyricultural Sector Survey of Nepal: The General Report (In l-wo Volumes) Public Disclosure Authorized Volume II: Annexes 1-8 Deccmber 20, 1974 South Asia Projects Department Noit for Public Use Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Doclment of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development Public Disclosure Authorized lnteinational Development Association This report was prepared for official use only by the Bank Group. It may not be ptiblished, quoted or cited without Bank Group authorization. The Bank Group does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the report. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS US$1 = Nepalese Rupees (Rs) 10.56 Rs 1 US$0.094 = Indian Rupees (IR) 0.726 Rs 1,000,000 = US$94.340 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES Metric System 1 kilogram (kg) = 2.20 pounds 1 quintal = 100 kg = 220 pounds 1 metric ton (m ton) = 1,000 kg = 2,204.62 pounds = 0.98 long ton 1 meter (m) = 39.37 inches = 3.28 feet = 1.09 yards 1 kilometer (km) = 0.62 mile 1 bigha = 0.68 ha 2 = 1.7 acres 1 hectare (ha) 2 = 10,000 m = 2.47 acres 1 square kilometer (km ) = 100 ha = 0.39 square mile Crop Year: June 1 - May 31 Financial Year: July 16 - July 15 (exact dates vary with lunar calendar) ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ADBN Agricultural Development Bank of Nepal ANC = Agricultural Marketing Corporation CEDA = Center for Economic 1)evelopment and Administration, Tribhuvan University DA = Department of Agriculture DF = Department of Forestry DIHM = Department of Irrigation, llydrology and Meteorology -
Cuticle and Cortical Cell Morphology of Alpaca and Other Rare Animal Fibres
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Chota The Journal of The Textile Institute ISSN: 0040-5000 (Print) 1754-2340 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tjti20 Cuticle and cortical cell morphology of alpaca and other rare animal fibres B. A. McGregor & E. C. Quispe Peña To cite this article: B. A. McGregor & E. C. Quispe Peña (2017): Cuticle and cortical cell morphology of alpaca and other rare animal fibres, The Journal of The Textile Institute, DOI: 10.1080/00405000.2017.1368112 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2017.1368112 Published online: 18 Sep 2017. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 7 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tjti20 Download by: [181.64.24.124] Date: 25 September 2017, At: 13:39 THE JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2017.1368112 Cuticle and cortical cell morphology of alpaca and other rare animal fibres B. A. McGregora and E. C. Quispe Peñab aInstitute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; bNational University Autonoma de Chota, Chota, Peru ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY The null hypothesis of the experiments reported is that the cuticle and cortical morphology of rare Received 6 March 2017 animal fibres are similar. The investigation also examined if the productivity and age of alpacas were Accepted 11 August 2017 associated with cuticle morphology and if seasonal nutritional conditions were related to cuticle scale KEYWORDS frequency. -
Connecting Alaska's Fiber Community
T HE A L A SK A N at UR A L F IBER B USI N ESS A SSOCI at IO N : Connecting Alaska’s Fiber Community Jan Rowell and Lee Coray-Ludden one-and-a-half day workshop in the fall of 2012 rekindled a passion for community AFES Miscellaneous Publication MP 2014-14 among Alaska’s fiber producers and artists. “Fiber Production in Alaska: From UAF School of Natural Resources & Extension Agriculture to Art” provided a rare venue for fiber producers and consumers A Agricultural & Forestry Experiment Station to get together and share a strong common interest in fiber production in Alaska. The workshop was sponsored by the Alaska State Division of Agriculture and organized by Lee Coray-Ludden, owner of Shepherd’s Moon Keep and a cashmere producer. There is nothing new about fiber production in Alaska. The early Russians capitalized on agricultural opportunities wherever they could and domestic sheep and goats were a mainstay in these early farming efforts. But even before the Russians, fiber was historically used for warmth by Alaska’s indigenous people. They gathered their fiber from wild sources, and some tribes handspun it and wove it into clothing, Angora rabbits produce a soft and silky creating beautiful works of art. fiber finer than cashmere. Pictured below is Some of the finest natural fibers in the world come from animals that evolved in Michael, a German angora, shortly before cold, dry climates, and many of these animals are grazers capable of thriving on Alaska’s shearing. Angora rabbits may be sheared, natural vegetation. -
North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Veterinary Division
North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Veterinary Division North Carolina Premise Registration Form A complete application should be emailed to [email protected], faxed to (919)733-2277, or mailed to: NC Department of Agriculture Veterinary Division 1030 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699-1030 If needed, check the following: ☐ Cattle Tags ☐ Swine Tags Premises Owner Account Information Business/Farm Name: Business Type: ☐Individual ☐Incorporated ☐Partnership ☐ LLC ☐ LLP ☐ Government Entity ☐Non-Profit Organization Primary Contact: Phone Number: Mailing Address: City: State: Zip: County: Email Address: Secondary Contact (Optional): Phone Number: Premises Information: Primary location where livestock reside. If animals are managed on separate locations, apply for multiple premises ID’s. Premises Type: ☐Production Unit/Farm/Ranch ☐Market/Collection Point ☐Exhibition ☐Clinic ☐Laboratory ☐ Non-Producer Participant (ie: DHIA, non-animal perm, etc.) ☐Slaughter Plant ☐Other: Premises Name: Premises Address (If different from mailing address): City: State: Zip: County: GPS Coordinates at Entrance (If known): Latitude N Longitude W Species Information: Check all that apply. Quantities of animals are only reported to the state database. This information is protected by GS 106-24.1. This and all other statues can be viewed at www.ncleg.net. If you grow poultry or swine on a contract for a corporation, please indicate production system and corporation for which you grow. Cattle Quantity Equine Quantity Goats Quantity Sheep -
The Friday Edition September 29 2017 Home Advantage
PROPERTYINSIDE: 34-PAGESPECIAL HOME ADVANTAGE THE FRIDAY EDITION SEPTEMBER 29 2017 FE80_Cover_PRESS.indd 1 11/09/2017 16:53 THE SHARPENER alpaca punch Strong yet soft, smart yet relaxed – it’s no wonder alpaca is leading the pack this season, says Tom Stubbs fabric that’s extra light, versatile, strong yet utterly luxurious: it sounds like a menswear designer’s fantasy. But alpaca has, of course, been around for ages – it’s just that its superlative qualities have not beenA fully appreciated until this season. The springy, ultra-soft fibres from the underbellies and necks of a species of camelid living in the Andes make for some very special fabrics. When woven, alpaca takes on various textures, from soft and voluminous to coarse and cropped. And as lightweight fabrications and distinctive textures become defining characteristics of contemporary men’s style, it’s not surprising that alpaca is now being shepherded into a lead role. Brunello Cucinelli, who built his empire on cashmere, has also put alpaca to work beautifully in his signature unstructured tailored outerwear, such as a glen-check short coat (£3,760) and roomy one-and-a-half breasted camel- (£1,390) and bomber jackets (£1,060, colour coat (£3,890). Likewise at Canali, pictured below) in wool/alpaca/mohair/ where deconstructed drapey overcoats silk bouclé take inspiration from 1960s silhouettes, as does a single-breasted overcoat (£1,470) in a wool/alpaca blend. They pass muster at smart occasions, yet their subtle texture and soft construction mean they also work as weekend throw- ons. The highlight at Chester Barrie is a Change coat (£2,950, pictured below right), its navy cashmere contrasting Alpaca is ideal cable-knit turtleneck (£395) have with a lush black alpaca lapel (made by for upgrading a 1940s quality about them. -
South American Camelids – Origin of the Species
SOUTH AMERICAN CAMELIDS – ORIGIN OF THE SPECIES PLEISTOCENE ANCESTOR Old World Camels VicunaLLAMA Guanaco Alpaca Hybrids Lama Dromedary Bactrian LAMA Llamas were not always confined to South America; abundant llama-like remains were found in Pleistocene deposits in the Rocky Mountains and in Central America. Some of the fossil llamas were much larger than current forms. Some species remained in North America during the last ice ages. Llama-like animals would have been a common sight in 25,000 years ago, in modern-day USA. The camelid lineage has a good fossil record indicating that North America was the original home of camelids, and that Old World camels crossed over via the Bering land bridge & after the formation of the Isthmus of Panama three million years ago; it allowed camelids to spread to South America as part of the Great American Interchange, where they evolved further. Meanwhile, North American camelids died out about 40 million years ago. Alpacas and vicuñas are in genus Vicugna. The genera Lama and Vicugna are, with the two species of true camels. Alpaca (Vicugna pacos) is a domesticated species of South American camelid. It resembles a small llama in superficial appearance. Alpacas and llamas differ in that alpacas have straight ears and llamas have banana-shaped ears. Aside from these differences, llamas are on average 30 to 60 centimeters (1 to 2 ft) taller and proportionally bigger than alpacas. Alpacas are kept in herds that graze on the level heights of the Andes of Ecuador, southern Peru, northern Bolivia, and northern Chile at an altitude of 3,500 m (11,000 ft) to 5,000 m (16,000 ft) above sea-level, throughout the year. -
Bison, Water Buffalo, &
February 2021 - cdfa' Bison, Water Buffalo, & Yak (or Crossbreeds) Entry Requirements ~ EPAlTMENT OF CALI FORNI \1c U LTU RE FOOD & AC Interstate Livestock Entry Permit California requires an Interstate Livestock Entry Permit for all bison, water buffalo, and/or yaks. To obtain an Interstate Livestock Entry Permit, please call the CDFA Animal Health Branch (AHB) permit line at (916) 900-5052. Permits are valid for 15 days after being issued. Certificate of Veterinary Inspection California requires a Certificate of Veterinary Inspection (CVI) for bison, water buffalo, and/or yaks within 30 days before movement into the state. Official Identification (ID) Bison, water buffalo, and/or yaks of any age and sex require official identification. Brucellosis Brucellosis vaccination is not required for bison, ------1Animal Health Branch Permit Line: water buffalo, and/or yaks to enter California. (916) 900-5052 A negative brucellosis test within 30 days prior to entry is required for all bison, water buffalo, and/ If you are transporting livestock into California or yaks 6 months of age and over with the with an electronic CVI, please print and present following exceptions: a hard copy to the Inspector at the Border • Steers or identified spayed heifers, and Protection Station. • Any Bovidae from a Certified Free Herd with the herd number and date of current Animal Health and Food Safety Services test recorded on the CVI. Animal Health Branch Headquarters - (916) 900-5002 Tuberculosis (TB) Redding District - (530) 225-2140 Modesto District - (209) 491-9350 A negative TB test is Tulare District - (559) 685-3500 required for all bison, Ontario District - (909) 947-4462 water buffalo, and/or yaks 6 months of age and over within For California entry requirements of other live- www.cdfa.ca.gov stock and animals, please visit the following: 60 days prior to Information About Livestock and Pet Movement movement. -
Natural Fiber a Spin.Off Directory! Sponsored By
Winter 2016 Special Advertising Section Natural Fiber A Spin.Off Directory! Sponsored by The Nubby Silk Yarn Collection: ThePink Nubby Beds Silk YarnBrown Collection: Mountain Lights Pretty Place Looking Glass Falls ThePink Nubby Beds Silk YarnBrown Collection: Mountain Lights PrettyBat Cave Place LookingSliding Rock Glass Splash Falls WhitePink Beds Tail Deer Brown Mountain Lights Echoview Dryer Balls PrettyBat Cave Place LookingSliding Rock Glass Splash Falls Echoview Dryer Balls BatWhite Cave Tail Deer Sliding Rock Splash White Tail Deer Echoview Dryer Balls ANGORA GOAT, PHOTO PROVIDED BY BILL LANE: MOHAIR AND MORE The Biltmore Homespun Yarn Series: TheCoolidge Biltmore Red Homespun Inspired YarnDevil's Series: Courthouse Fire CoolidgeAsheville BluesRed Inspired Tune I Devil'sSliding CourthouseRock Splash Fire . Echoview Baby Blanket AshevilleThe Biltmore Blues Homespun Tune II Yarn Series: elcome to Spin Off ’s annual fiber directory, our one-stop guide to fiber resources throughout the Asheville Blues Tune I Devil'sSliding CourthouseRock Splash Fire Echoview Baby Blanket Coolidge Red Inspired world. Supporting the shepherds, farmers, and horticulturists who preserve the rare breeds of sheep, Asheville Blues Tune II Sliding Rock Splash W Asheville Blues Tune I cultivate shades of natural colored cotton, and nurture the silk worms means that we will continue to have Echoview Baby Blanket Asheville Blues Tune II Echoview is a Weaverville, NC, based innovative fiber choices when it comes time to select a fiber for a project. So enjoy your ability to choose your fiber, and Echoviewprocessing is and a Weaverville, manufacturing NC, hub. based Our innovativeproducts are fiber the enjoy poring over these listings and fantasizing about your next foray into the land of natural fiber. -
The Ancient Art of Spinning a Yarn[I]
The ancient art of spinning a yarn[i] By Sam Kerr Through the ages, in the ancient ‘Classical World’, the exquisite work of hand spinning of animal fur fiber was excelled in, with finesse, principally by women. A delicate art process, the single or double ply yarn was produced by a fine twisting together of the fibers employing deft finger movements.[ii] The hand spinning of yarn from wool fleece (both in Iran and on the Subcontinent) has been continued for millennia by Zarathushtis, mainly for the weaving of their sacred thread, the ‘Kusti / Kushti / Koshti’ [The Avestan word ‘Aiwi-yaaonghana’ (‘aiwi’ is around / surrounding; ‘yaaonghana’ is protection) means ‘surrounding protection / girdle of protection’]. Such was the emphasis given to this domestic art that among the basic household talents expected of an Iranian lady it was placed in very high esteem. As a child I had noted my paternal aunt in Surat always assumed a certain posture when she made preparations for the hand spinning. Sitting upright at the edge of a couch or bed she would cross her right leg at right angle under her left thigh. Watching her carefully I had noticed she would tie the leader and secure the end onto the hook of the spindle. Being right handed she always held the wool fleece in the right hand. Leaving the fibers at the end of the leader loose she would let the spindle hang precariously beneath her right hand suspended by the leader. Swiftly, with the fingers of her left hand, she would then spin the drop-spindle from the shaft in a clockwise direction making the spindle rotate rapidly.