The Elbe Flood 2002
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THE ELBE FLOOD 2002 A CASE STUDY ON C2 SYSTEMS AND INTER-ORGANISATIONAL COORDINATION PREPARED FOR THE NATO SAS-065 RESEARCH TASK GROUP CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS: Sebastian Richter Reiner K. Huber Ulrike Lechner Universität der Bundeswehr München and ITIS ev TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES .........................................................................................................III OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................................. 1 SEQUENCE OF EVENTS........................................................................................................................... 2 Müglitztal – an area in the Erzgebirge that was severely damaged.............................................................4 Dresden – the Saxon capital suffered severe damage.....................................................................................5 THE GERMAN DISASTER RESPONSE SYSTEM AND ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED IN THE ELBE FLOOD......................................................................................................... 7 The German Disaster Response System – An Overview...............................................................................7 Response Organisations involved .....................................................................................................................9 German Armed Forces ....................................................................................................................................9 Bundesgrenzschutz ........................................................................................................................................11 Technisches Hilfswerk ..................................................................................................................................12 Saxon Police...................................................................................................................................................14 Fire departments.............................................................................................................................................15 German Red Cross.........................................................................................................................................16 Different NGOs involved..............................................................................................................................17 Unorganised Volunteers................................................................................................................................17 PROBLEMS ASSESSED........................................................................................................................... 18 Disaster Management – Preparation ............................................................................................................ 18 Flood registration service ..............................................................................................................................18 The structure of the disaster response system ..............................................................................................21 Preparedness of the disaster management authorities .................................................................................22 Management of the disaster ........................................................................................................................... 23 Lower disaster management authorities.......................................................................................................23 Higher disaster management authorities ......................................................................................................26 Highest disaster management authority .......................................................................................................27 IMPROVEMENTS RECOMMENDED................................................................................................... 29 Improvements for the Preparation of Disaster Management.................................................................... 29 Flood Registration Service............................................................................................................................29 The Structure of the Disaster Response System ..........................................................................................29 Preparation of the Disaster Management Authorities .................................................................................30 Improvements for the Management of a Disaster....................................................................................... 31 Rescue and Evacuation operations ...............................................................................................................31 Information and Communication..................................................................................................................31 Utilisation of Forces.......................................................................................................................................32 Federal aspects of disaster response management.......................................................................................33 MATURITY MODEL ASSESSMENT..................................................................................................... 35 Shared Intent.................................................................................................................................................... 35 Collective C2 Process....................................................................................................................................36 Required Information Sharing Behaviours ..................................................................................................37 Required Resource Sharing...........................................................................................................................39 Expected Patterns of Interaction ................................................................................................................... 40 Cluster Attractor.............................................................................................................................................40 Degree of Inter-Cluster Connectivity ...........................................................................................................41 Frequency and Continuity of Interaction......................................................................................................42 Expected Values of C2 Effectiveness............................................................................................................. 42 Entity Information Position...........................................................................................................................43 Degree of Shared Awareness........................................................................................................................45 i Shared Understanding (SU) ..........................................................................................................................46 Indicants of C2 Maturity ................................................................................................................................ 46 Degree of Interdependence............................................................................................................................47 Nature of Collective Decisions/Planning .....................................................................................................48 Resource Sharing ...........................................................................................................................................48 Measures of Mission Effectiveness ................................................................................................................ 50 Relative Effectiveness ...................................................................................................................................50 Efficiency, Given Effectiveness....................................................................................................................51 Agility ...........................................................................................................................................................51 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...................................................................................................................................... 53 ii LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES TABLES Table 1. Personnel deployed to support ELBE Flood Disaster Response ...................................................................8 Table 2. Collective C2 Process..................................................................................................................................36 Table 3. Required Information Sharing Behaviors....................................................................................................38 Table 4. Required Resource Sharing .........................................................................................................................39 Table 5. Assessment of Frequency and Continuity of Interactions ...........................................................................42 Table 6. Assessment of Entity Information Position .................................................................................................44