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Two New Species of the Family Ovulidae (Gastropoda) from Japan

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Two New Species of the Family Ovulidae (Gastropoda) from Japan VENUS 64 (3-4): 141-149, 2005 Two New Species of the Family Ovulidae (Gastropoda) from Japan Yoshihiro Omi1 and Takeshi Iino2 14-20-8-4 Sendagaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0051, Japan; [email protected] 21-8-10-405 Daidominami, Higashi-yodogawa-ku, Osaka 533-0012, Japan Abstract: Two new species of the family Ovulidae are described from off the Kii Peninsula, from Kuchinoshima Island and the Oshima-Shin-Sone Bank, Japan. Primovula astra n. sp. is closely similar to Primovula oryza Omi & Clover, 2005 in overall morphology, but it can be distinguished by its non-beaked posterior extremity and different dorsal marking. Phenacovolva vitrea n. sp. is most similar to Phenacovolva tayloriana Azuma & Cate, 1971, but differs from it in forming short and callously rimmed terminals, and having less flared margin. Keywords: Ovulidae, new species, Japan, Primovula astra, Phenacovolva vitrea Introduction All ovulid species are ectoparasites on octocorallian coral, such as gorgonaceans, alcyonaceans and pennatulaceans. According to Imahara (1994), 621 octcorallians have been recorded from Japanese waters. The octocorallian fauna is known to be especially rich around the Kii Peninsula, which is strongly influenced by the Kuroshio Current and is home to 160 species (Kubota & Imahara, 2004). Reflecting the abundance of octocorallians, this area is also known to have a rich ovulid fauna. Among the 127 ovulid species that have been recorded from Japanese water, 58 species were described from the Kii Peninsula as the type locality, mostly in the years between 1970 and 1990 (Higo et al., 1999). More recently, additional new species were described by Omi & Clover (2005) and Omi (2003) from this area and the area influenced by Kuroshio Current. In examining ovulid specimens collected from this area, we found two additional possibly undescribed species, although all the specimens at our disposal were empty shells. Mase (1989) demonstrated some intraspecific variabilities in shell morphology, and pointed out the importance of soft part characters, such as external morphology and coloration of the mantle, for not only species but also genus level classification. Nevertheless, some of the shell characters still have important systematic significance, and detailed examination of the shells of these species and comparison with those of related species has led us to the conclusion that they are distinct from all the previously named species. Accordingly descriptions of these new species are given in following lines. Abbreviations: Coll. – collection; SL – shell length; NSMT – National Science Museum, Tokyo. Taxonomy Family Ovulidae Fleming, 1828 Genus Primovula Thiele, 1925 Type species: Amphiperas beckeri Sowerby, 1900, by original designation. 142 Y. Omi & T. Iino Primovula astra n. sp. (Figs. 2A-M) Type materials: Holotype (NSMT-Mo 73722) dredged from off Cape Shiono-Misaki, Kushimoto-Cho, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan at a depth of 110 m (33˚26´ N, 135˚46´ E), January 5, 1998, collected by M. Tanaka; paratype #1 (NSMT-Mo 73723a) and paratype #2 (NSMT- Mo 73723b) dredged from Hira-se Shoal, N. of Kuchinoshima Island, Japan at a depth of 80 m (30˚06.00´ N, 130˚03.40´ E), May 21, 2003, collected by K. Hasegawa (T/S Toyoshio-Maru St. TY-03-04); paratype #3 (NSMT-Mo 73724a), paratype #4 (NSMT-Mo 73724b) and paratype #5 (NSMT-Mo 73724c) dredged from Oshima-Shin-Sone Bank, Japan at a depth of 163-167 m (28˚52.14´ N, 129˚32.99´ E), May 27, 2003, collected by K. Hasegawa (T/S Toyoshio-Maru St. TY-03-15); paratype #6 (Coll. Y. Omi) from off Inami, Hidaka-gun, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan (33˚48´ N, 135˚14´ E) in March 1978, by S. Habu; paratype #7 (Coll. T. Iino) dredged from off Cape Shiono-Misaki, Kushimoto-Cho, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan at a depth of 110 m (33˚ 26´ N, 135˚46´ E), December 19, 1992, collected by M. Tanaka; paratype #8 (Coll. M. Tanaka) collected alive from off Kuroshima, Cape Shiono-Misaki, Kushimoto-Cho, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan (33˚26´ N, 135˚46´ E), February 18, 1979, by M. Tanaka; paratypes #9 and #10 (Coll. M. Tanaka) dredged from off Cape Shiono-Misaki, Kushimoto-Cho, Wakayama prefecture, Japan at a depth of 110 m (33˚26´ N, 135˚46´ E), January 5, 1998, collected by M. Tanaka (Fig. 1). Paratypes #9 and #10 are juvenile shells with incomplete terminal ridges; numerous incised transverse striations on the dorsum extend over the columellar surface on the ventral side. Description: Shell small, rhomboid, broadest at approximately 1/3 position from posterior end, where angled shoulder transverses dorsum, gradually attenuate toward anterior extremity. Dorsum heavily and evenly incised with numerous spiral striations over entire surface. Anterior terminal square, callously rimmed and slightly pointed on corner. Spire umbilicate centrally, laterally elevated on marginal portion, thickened and forming callus at posterior end of dorsum. Posterior terminal abruptly tapered, squared and rimmed on tip. Right margin callously rimmed, extending over both extremities. Columella inflated, callused, smooth, constricted in front. Anterior terminal ridge twisted and prominent. Triangular funiculum, upraised on edge. Long concave columellar peristome, smooth on surface, narrowly depressed in middle, connected to fossula. Outer lip weakly dentating anterior two-thirds, three strong denticles protruded from outer periphery of posterior portion. Aperture narrow, expanded anteriorly, open straight and flared at both ends. Shell color pinkish white overall. Dorsum marked with seven punctations of brownish orange, pigmented with faint fine yellow line along angles of labral shoulder extending over extremities. Both extremities and marginal rims white. Ventral side marked by transverse faint yellow band at the middle of columella. Funiculum and labrum white. Fossula pigmented with orange. Dimensions (Length × width × height in mm): Holotype – 4.5 × 2.2 × 1.9. Paratype #1 – 6.5 × 3.6 × 3.3. Paratype #2 – 6.3 × 3.5 × 3.2. Paratype #3 – 4.9 × 2.6 × 2.5. Paratype #4 – 4.9 × 2.5 × 2.2. Paratype #5 – 4.8 × 2.3 × 2.1. Paratype #6 – 5.5 × 3.1 × 2.8. Paratype #7 – 5.9 × 3.3 × 3.1. Paratype #8 – 5.7 × 3.1 × 2.6. Paratype #9 – 8.0 × 4.7 × 4.2. Paratype #10 – 6.5 × 3.6 × 3.1. Type locality: Off Cape Shiono-Misaki, Wakayama Prefecture, Kii Peninsula, Japan, 110 m depth. Distribution: Off Inami and Cape Shiono-Misaki on Kii Peninsula; off Kuchinoshima Island; on Oshima-Shin-Sone Bank (Fig. 1). Etymology: The species name is derived from the Latin “astra”, meaning “constellation”, referring to the image of bright orange spots on the dorsum. Remarks: The genus Primovula was originally proposed based on the type species Amphiperas beckeri Sowerby, 1900 by Thiele (1925), who gave the diagnostic features as follows: “Shell Two New Species of Ovulidae from Japan 143 Fig. 1. Localities for Primovula astra n. sp. ( ● ) and Dissona vitrea n. sp. ( ▲ ). small, pyriform; aperture narrow; outer lip distinct, thickened, denticulate; funiculum distinct, fully developed”. The present new species is basically consistent with this definition except for the shorter and rhomboid shell outline. The present new species most closely resembles Primovula oryza Omi & Clover, 2005 (Figs. 2N, O), in sharing the following characters: shell rhomboid in shape with angulate shoulder; columella with a thick callus, and distinct triangular funiculum near the posterior end; several protruding labral denticles at the posterior portion. However, the present new species is distinguished from P. oryza by the following features: the posterior end of the new species is simply cut, and is not pointed like a beak as in P. oryza. The new species is markedly characterized by having seven reddish orange dorsal spots, and possesses an oblong callus near the spire at the posterior portion of the dorsum (Fig. 3A). The posterior portion of P. astra is formed into a step by the elevated callus (Fig. 3A), whereas the same portion of P. oryza is gradually attenuated and produces a beaked posterior end (Fig. 3B). Also, the maximum elevation of the dorsum of P. astra is at approximately 2/3 from the 144 Y. Omi & T. Iino Fig. 2. Primovula astra n. sp. (A-M) and Primovula oryza (N, O). A-C. Primovula astra n. sp. Holotype from Wakayama Prefecture (NSMT-Mo 73722), SL = 4.5 mm. D, E. Do. Paratype #2 from Hira-se off Kuchinoshima Island (NSMT-Mo 73723b), SL = 6.3 mm. F, G. Do. Paratype #3 from Oshima-Shin- Sone Bank (NSMT-Mo 73724a), SL = 4.9 mm. H, I. Do. Paratype #6 from Wakayama Prefecture (Coll. Y. Omi), SL = 5.5 mm. J, K. Do. Paratype #8 from Wakayama Prefecture (Coll. M. Tanaka), SL = 5.7 mm. L, M. Do. Paratype #10 juvenile from Wakayama Prefecture (Coll. M. Tanaka), SL = 6.5 mm. N, O. Primovula oryza Holotype from Ogasawara Islands (NSMT-Mo 73638), SL = 9.0 mm. Two New Species of Ovulidae from Japan 145 Fig. 3. Comparison of Primovula astra n. sp. Paratype #8 (Coll. M. Tanaka), SL = 5.7 mm (A) and Primovula oryza Paratype #1 (NSMT-Mo 73639), SL = 8.0 mm (B) from Wakayama Prefecture. The arrow indicates the callus near the spire on dorsum of Primovula astra. anterior end and more round (Fig. 3A) but that of P. oryza is at 3/4 and more angular (Fig. 3B). These features can also be observed in immature shells. The new species also forms a prominent terminal ridge. Primovula dorsuosa (Hinds, 1844) is another similar-looking ovulid hitherto known from the western Pacific. However, P. dorsuosa differs from the new species by lacking a callus near the spire, terminal crenulation and dorsal spots. Primovula roseomaculata (Schepman, 1909) also superficially resembles the present new species in possessing dorsal spots, but differs by lacking the callus near the spire, distinct triangular funiculum and strong labral denticles.
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