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Medical-Surgical Nursing Demystified Demystified Series Medical-Surgical Nursing Demystified Demystified Series Accounting Demystified Macroeconomics Demystified Advanced Calculus Demystified Management Accounting Demystified Advanced Physics Demystified Math Proofs Demystified Advanced Statistics Demystified Math Word Problems Demystified Algebra Demystified MATLAB® Demystified Alternative Energy Demystified Medical Billing and Coding Demystified Anatomy Demystified Medical Terminology Demystified asp.net 2.0 Demystified Medical-Surgical Nursing Demystified Astronomy Demystified Meteorology Demystified Audio Demystified Microbiology Demystified Biology Demystified Microeconomics Demystified Biotechnology Demystified Nanotechnology Demystified Business Calculus Demystified Nurse Management Demystified Business Math Demystified OOP Demystified Business Statistics Demystified Options Demystified C++ Demystified Organic Chemistry Demystified Calculus Demystified Personal Computing Demystified Chemistry Demystified Pharmacology Demystified Circuit Analysis Demystified Physics Demystified College Algebra Demystified Physiology Demystified Corporate Finance Demystified Pre-Algebra Demystified Databases Demystified Precalculus Demystified Data Structures Demystified Probability Demystified Differential Equations Demystified Project Management Demystified Digital Electronics Demystified Psychology Demystified Earth Science Demystified Quality Management Demystified Electricity Demystified Quantum Mechanics Demystified Electronics Demystified Real Estate Math Demystified Engineering Statistics Demystified Relativity Demystified Environmental Science Demystified Robotics Demystified Everyday Math Demystified Sales Management Demystified Fertility Demystified Signals and Systems Demystified Financial Planning Demystified Six Sigma Demystified Forensics Demystified Spanish Demystified French Demystified SQL Demystified Genetics Demystified Statics and Dynamics Demystified Geometry Demystified Statistics Demystified German Demystified Technical Analysis Demystified Home Networking Demystified Technical Math Demystified Investing Demystified Trigonometry Demystified Italian Demystified UML Demystified Java Demystified Visual Basic 2005 Demystified JavaScript Demystified Visual C# 2005 Demystified Lean Six Sigma Demystified Vitamins and Minerals Demystified Linear Algebra Demystified XML Demystified Medical-Surgical Nursing Demystified Mary DiGiulio, RN, MSN, APRN Donna Jackson, RN, MSN, APRN Jim Keogh New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 0-07-159543-0 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-149450-2. All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information, please contact George Hoare, Special Sales, at [email protected] or (212) 904-4069. TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill’s prior con- sent. You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited. Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms. THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” McGRAW-HILL AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTH- ERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. McGraw-Hill and its licen- sors do not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-Hill nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise. DOI: 10.1036/0071494502 Professional Want to learn more? We hope you enjoy this McGraw-Hill eBook! If you’d like more information about this book, its author, or related books and websites, please click here. To the memory of Jim, Rose, and Margot who always believed in me To Dave Who means more than he sometimes knows To Kathleen and Jacqueline who have the world in front of them Mary DiGiulio, RN, MSN To Ken Thank you for loving me, believing in me, encouraging me, and running the race with me. I’m glad I have you. Love, Donna Donna Jackson, RN, MSN This book is dedicated to Anne, Sandy, Joanne, Amber-Leigh Christine, and Shawn, without whose help and support this book couldn’t have been written. Jim Keogh This page intentionally left blank For more information about this title, click here CONTENTS Introduction xiv CHAPTER 1 Cardiovascular System 1 How the Cardiovascular System Works 3 Just the Facts 4 Aortic Aneurysm 4 Angina (Angina Pectoris) 7 Myocardial Infarction (MI) 11 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) 15 Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) 18 Cardiac Tamponade 21 Cardiogenic Shock 23 Cardiomyopathy 26 Endocarditis 29 Heart Failure [Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)] 31 Hypertension (HTN) 35 Hypovolemic Shock 38 Myocarditis 41 Pericarditis 42 Pulmonary Edema 45 Raynaud’s Disease 47 Rheumatic Heart Disease 49 Thrombophlebitis 51 Atrial Fibrillation 53 Asystole 56 viii Medical-Surgical Nursing Demystified Ventricular Fibrillation 58 Ventricular Tachycardia 59 Aortic Insufficiency (AI) 62 Mitral Insufficiency 63 Mitral Stenosis 65 Mitral Valve Prolapse 67 Tricuspid Insufficiency 69 Crucial Diagnostic Tests 71 Quiz 82 CHAPTER 2 Respiratory System 85 How the Respiratory System Works 86 Just the Facts 87 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 87 Asbestosis 91 Asthma 93 Atelectasis 96 Bronchiectasis 99 Bronchitis 101 Cor Pulmonale 104 Emphysema 107 Lung Cancer 110 Pleural Effusion 113 Pneumonia 115 Pneumothorax 118 Respiratory Acidosis 120 Tuberculosis (TB) 122 Acute Respiratory Failure 124 Pulmonary Embolism 127 Influenza 130 Crucial Diagnostic Tests 132 Quiz 140 CHAPTER 3 Immune System 143 How the Immune System Works 144 Just the Facts 145 Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) 145 Anaphylaxis 147 Ankylosing Spondylitis 149 Contents ix Kaposi’s Sarcoma(KS) 151 Lymphoma 153 Rheumatoid Arthritis 155 Scleroderma 157 Mononucleosis 159 Epstein-Barr Virus/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 160 Lyme Disease 162 Septic Shock 163 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) 165 Crucial Diagnostic Tests 167 Quiz 171 CHAPTER 4 Hematologic System 175 How the Hematologic System Works 176 Just the Facts 177 Anemia 177 Aplastic Anemia (Pancytopenia) 179 Iron Deficiency Anemia 181 Pernicious Anemia 183 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) 185 Hemophilia 187 Leukemia 189 Multiple Myeloma 192 Polycythemia Vera 194 Sickle Cell Anemia 197 Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) 199 Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) 201 Crucial Diagnostic Tests 203 Quiz 206 CHAPTER 5 Nervous System 209 How the Nervous System Works 210 Just the Facts 212 Head Injury 212 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) 216 Bell’s Palsy 218 Brain Abscess 219 Brain Tumor 222 Cerebral Aneurysm 225 x Medical-Surgical Nursing Demystified Encephalitis 227 Guillain-Barré Syndrome 230 Huntington’s Disease (Chorea) 232 Meningitis 234 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) 237 Myasthenia Gravis 240 Parkinson’s Disease 243 Spinal Cord Injury 246 Stroke 249 Seizure Disorder 252 Crucial Diagnostic Tests 255 Quiz 258 CHAPTER 6 Musculoskeletal System 261 How the Musculoskeletal System Works 262 Just the Facts 263 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 263 Fractures 266 Gout 268 Osteoarthritis 271 Osteomyelitis 273 Osteoporosis 275 Crucial Diagnostic Tests 277 Quiz 280 CHAPTER 7 Gastrointestinal System 283 How the Gastrointestinal System Works 284 Just the
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