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Stockpile Stewardshipquarterly DOE/NA-0024 Office of Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation Stockpile Stewardship Quarterly VOLUME 4 | NUMBER 3 | SEPTEMBER 2014 essage from the Assistant Deputy Administrator for Research, M Development, Test, and Evaluation, Dr. Kathleen Alexander ince the last issue of the Stockpile Stewardship Quarterly (SSQ), I have Sattended several conferences where I met researchers that represent the pipeline for staffing future Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation (RDT&E) activities. I attended the Computational Science Graduate Fellowship Annual Program Review and the American Nuclear Society’s Plutonium Futures—The Science conference. It was satisfying to see the 2014 Computational Science Graduate Fellowship Annual Program Review, July 14-17, 2014. enthusiasm of the young researchers. Funding Opportunity Announcements, such as the one for the Stewardship the NIF experiments. These experiments planned. You will read about them Science Academic Alliances program have helped weapon scientists to in upcoming issues of the SSQ. If you found at the end of this issue, allow have suggestions for future articles or us to attract the best and brightest performance simulations and reduce comments about the newsletter, please researchers of all ages. uncertaintiesimprove the fidelity in weapon of nuclear assessments. weapon contact Terri Stone at terri.stone@nnsa. doe.gov. I have also spent considerable time The article by Beiersdorfer et al. focuses interacting with stockpile stakeholders on a collaboration between the Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE) in critical role of RDT&E in stockpile the United Kingdom and Lawrence stewardship.and refining theThese message SSQs areabout an the Livermore National Laboratory using important means to communicate our AWE’s Orion laser. Plans are presented accomplishments with a broad audience. to explore new density and temperature Inside regimes. The article by Hagen et al. 2 Research and Development of This issue of the SSQ highlights the describes the dense plasma focus Secondary Assessment Technologies: subprogram Secondary Assessment (DPF), which produces a nearly mono- A Program Second to None! Technologies (SAT) and associated code energetic neutron spectrum in short validation experiments. The opening 5 National Ignition Facility Experiments in bursts. This is useful for measuring Support of the Stockpile Stewardship article by Kiess et al. provides a high Program level description of SAT activities at by Abbas Nikroo provides a detailed 8 Shining Light on Opacity each of the weapon laboratories and discussionneutron cross-sections. of what is involved The final in creatingarticle 10 Pulsed Neutron Capabilities Developed the Nevada National Security Site. The the complicated targets for the SAT second article by Wan et al. summarizes for Experiments at Nevada National Security Site National Ignition Facility (NIF) fusion experiments. validation experiments supporting SAT. subprogram and inertial confinement 13 General Atomics’ Target Fabrication Experiments at the Omega Laser Facility As FY 2014 concludes, I am proud of Support for NNSA’s Secondary at the University of Rochester and the Z our accomplishments and productivity. Assessment Technology Experiments machine at Sandia National Laboratories I am also looking to the future and on NNSA’s High Energy Density Facilities have laid the groundwork for many of am excited about the efforts we have 16 In Memorium: Heino Nitsche Comments The Stockpile Stewardship Quarterly is produced by the NNSA Office of Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation. Questions and comments regarding this publication should be directed to Terri Stone at [email protected]. | Technical Editor: Dr. Joseph Kindel | Publication Editor: Millicent Mischo 2 Research and Development of Secondary Assessment Technologies: A Program Secondary to None! by Thomas E. Kiess (National Nuclear Security Administration), Kimberly C.N. Scott (Los Alamos National Laboratory), Ivan J. Otero and Christopher Werner (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), Gregory Rochau (Sandia National Laboratories), and Steven Goldstein (National Security Technologies, LLC) Introduction The Secondary Assessment Technologies program within the and Development’s Science Campaign Office of Research of the performance of a secondary improves the scientific understanding component of a nuclear weapon. Researchers perform refined analyses of legacy nuclear weapons test data, newprobe experiments—especially issues of interest by developing those in physics models, and validate them with regions of high density, temperature, and pressure using the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), the Omega Laser Facility at the University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, and the Z Machine at Sandia interestsNational Laboratoriesand examples (SNL). of active This research overview article identifies program Figure 3-2 of the SSMP Theactivities. Relevance of Secondary Figure 1. identifies Secondary Physics as a strand in the PCF. Assessment Technologies to NNSA’s Stockpile Stewardship Mission Extension Programs (LEPs), the charged particles, neutral particles, and to advance science-based capabilities Annual Assessment, Significant radiation in a wide range of energies. forThis assessing program’s and enduring improving interest the is Finding Investigation resolutions, Various physical effects control and/or certifications); and dynamics, radiation transport, other • Conducts premier science, as part of forms of energy transfer, behaviors in Nation’s understanding of secondary The theFY 2015Nation’s Stockpile deterrent Stewardship and capability. the plasma, and output signals. This performance. The program accomplishes 2 regime is a challenge to study and this by sponsoring relevant research, interests in its Predictive Capability probe meaningfully. and Management Plan identifies these conducted mainly at NNSA laboratories In the past, diagnostics of legacy nuclear (Los Alamos National Laboratory tests provided information used to (LANL), LLNL, and SNL) and the Framework (PCF) in the Secondary Physics “strand,” which is the program’s modelscalibrate contain weapons a representation codes—computer of Nevada National Security Site (NNSS), programs whose constituent data and which is operated by National Security focus (see Figure 1). Along the strand, program interests are identified as three Technologies, LLC (NSTec). Such research secondary performance. Insight into achieves the followingphenomenological outcomes: model explicit high-level “pegposts” in the calibrations with science-based topics of secondary reuse, secondary opportunities to improve understanding • modelsReplaces validated by experimental performance, and full system weapon physicscomes from contained secondary within designers’ them and use how of outputs. To accomplish significant gains these codes, and their knowledge of the performance goal in each of those pegposts, the program Departmentdata—in direct of Energysupport Strategic of a Plan conducts research typically spanning it is treated. Some legacy models lack full 2014-20181; of the U.S. years to provide technical outcomes that connectivity to all underlying physics—in such models, some detailed phenomena Offers advances that increase Technicalserve as constituent Thrusts buildingof Sponsored blocks. are treated in simplified terms. the range of technical options Research from targeted experiments designed to • for stewardship of the evolving What is the physical environment Improved models and/or data come stockpile; relevant to secondary design and the environmental conditions in the investigate specific effects. At present, reactions take place to create a hot with the right types of experiments at • Contributes to other stockpile denseperformance? plasma Inreplete general, with nuclear energetic facilitiesregimes ofcapable interest of canattaining be studied some of the stewardship activities (e.g., secondary-related issues in Life Volume 4 | Number 3 | September 2014 Stockpile Stewardship Quarterly 3 relevant conditions. Such experiments sponsors, such as the NNSA Nuclear (1) improving the fundamental data that calibrate new physics models of Survivability program and agencies feeds into the performance simulations, phenomena selected and controlled within the U.S. Department of Defense. (2) developing experimental platforms for detailed study. Relating these new at HED facilities to explore and validate physics models to those within legacy All of this research is challenging to the modeling of the physical processes weapons codes provides a way to conduct. Experimental work uses relevant to secondary modeling, and specialized facilities that are able (3) validating the integrated simulation to create states of matter never capabilities by simulating relevant improveMuch of thisscientific research understanding. is high energy before achievable in the laboratory underground tests (UGTs). For the density (HED) physics— exploring and diagnostics that are capable of fundamental data, sensitivity studies the behaviors of matter at extreme measuring critical aspects of HED identify what uncertainties in the data pressures, densities, and temperatures, matter with unprecedented precision. most limit the predictive capability. As an including the study of burning plasma Research teams at LANL, LLNL, SNL, and example, the uncertainty in the neutron containing thermo-nuclear fuel. NSTec make important contributions
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