Skeletal Development in the Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle Pelodiscus Sinensis (Testudines: Trionychidae)
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
A Small Lepidosauromorph Reptile from the Early Triassic of Poland
A SMALL LEPIDOSAUROMORPH REPTILE FROM THE EARLY TRIASSIC OF POLAND SUSAN E. EVANS and MAGDALENA BORSUK−BIAŁYNICKA Evans, S.E. and Borsuk−Białynicka, M. 2009. A small lepidosauromorph reptile from the Early Triassic of Poland. Palaeontologia Polonica 65, 179–202. The Early Triassic karst deposits of Czatkowice quarry near Kraków, southern Poland, has yielded a diversity of fish, amphibians and small reptiles. Two of these reptiles are lepido− sauromorphs, a group otherwise very poorly represented in the Triassic record. The smaller of them, Sophineta cracoviensis gen. et sp. n., is described here. In Sophineta the unspecial− ised vertebral column is associated with the fairly derived skull structure, including the tall facial process of the maxilla, reduced lacrimal, and pleurodonty, that all resemble those of early crown−group lepidosaurs rather then stem−taxa. Cladistic analysis places this new ge− nus as the sister group of Lepidosauria, displacing the relictual Middle Jurassic genus Marmoretta and bringing the origins of Lepidosauria closer to a realistic time frame. Key words: Reptilia, Lepidosauria, Triassic, phylogeny, Czatkowice, Poland. Susan E. Evans [[email protected]], Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Uni− versity College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK. Magdalena Borsuk−Białynicka [[email protected]], Institut Paleobiologii PAN, Twarda 51/55, PL−00−818 Warszawa, Poland. Received 8 March 2006, accepted 9 January 2007 180 SUSAN E. EVANS and MAGDALENA BORSUK−BIAŁYNICKA INTRODUCTION Amongst living reptiles, lepidosaurs (snakes, lizards, amphisbaenians, and tuatara) form the largest and most successful group with more than 7 000 widely distributed species. The two main lepidosaurian clades are Rhynchocephalia (the living Sphenodon and its extinct relatives) and Squamata (lizards, snakes and amphisbaenians). -
Identification of Sex Using SBNO1 Gene
Journal of Genetics (2019) 98:36 © Indian Academy of Sciences https://doi.org/10.1007/s12041-018-1048-z RESEARCH NOTE Identification of sex using SBNO1 gene in the Chinese softshell turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis (Trionychidae) LAN ZHAO, XIN WANG, QIU-HONG WAN and SHENG-GUO FANG∗ The Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education and State Conservation Centre for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China *For correspondence. E-mail: [email protected]. Received 20 June 2018; revised 17 September 2018; accepted 19 September 2018; published online 11 April 2019 Abstract. The Chinese softshell turtle exhibits ZZ/ZW sex determination. To identify the sex of embryos, juvenile and adult individuals, we designed two pairs of polymerase chain reaction primers, SB1-196, which amplifies a fragment of 196 bp in the female and the other, CK1-482, which amplifies the 482-bp fragment in both the sexes. It is validated in 24 adult turtles of known sex, sampled from three different locations. This one-step sexing technique is rapid and easy to perform and is reported for the first time. Keywords. polymerase chain reaction; sex identification; sex chromosome; molecular sexing; reptile; Chinese softshell turtle. Introduction rapid method for identifying the sex of this species will contribute to development of breeding and conservation The Chinese softshell turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis (family programmes. Trionychidae, suborder Cryptodira), possesses heteromor- In the present study, a pair of primers is designed phic sex chromosomes (ZZ male, ZW female) (Kawai et al. -
Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 14, Ately in the Study Areas Because Fishing Represents the Most Impor- 237–246
Received: 21 May 2019 Revised: 20 October 2019 Accepted: 28 January 2020 DOI: 10.1002/aqc.3317 RESEARCH ARTICLE Fishers, dams, and the potential survival of the world's rarest turtle, Rafetus swinhoei, in two river basins in northern Vietnam Olivier Le Duc1 | Thong Pham Van1 | Benjamin Leprince1 | Cedric Bordes1 | Anh Nguyen Tuan2 | John Sebit Benansio3 | Nic Pacini4,5 | Vinh Quang Luu6 | Luca Luiselli7,8,9 1Turtle Sanctuary and Conservation Center, Paris, France Abstract 2Biodiversity Conservation, Thanh Hoa 1. Next to cetaceans and megafishes, freshwater turtles are the most iconic endan- Provincial Forest Protection, Thanh Hoa City, gered freshwater species. Thanh Hoa Province, Vietnam 3Alliance for Environment and Rural 2. A detailed questionnaire survey conducted with more than 100 individuals from Development (AERD), Juba, South Sudan fishing communities in northern Vietnam was used to investigate the current sta- 4 Department of Environmental and Chemical tus of Southeast Asian turtles and provides new hope concerning the survival of Engineering, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy Rafetus swinhoei, for which recent official records in the wild are limited to a single 5Department of Geography, University of individual in Vietnam. Leicester, Leicester, UK 3. The survey included the entire Vietnamese portion of the Da River in Hoa Binh 6Vietnam National University of Forestry, Hanoi, Vietnam and Son La provinces, as well as the Chu and Ma river system in Thanh Hoa 7Institute for Development, Ecology, Province, as they are the last sites where the world's rarest and largest Asian soft- Conservation and Cooperation, Rome, Italy shell turtle has been seen. -
Distribution, Osteology, and Natural History of the Asian Giant Softshelt Turtle, Pelochelys Bibroni, in Papua New Guinea
i,n3' ttute ro u rr* or.n",fi ll'J.l'#3,i Distribution, Osteology, and Natural History of the Asian Giant Softshelt Turtle, Pelochelys bibroni, in Papua New Guinea Axprns G.J. RHonmr'3, Russnr,l A. MrrrERMErER2'3,lNo Psrr,rp M. Har,r,a5 I C he lonian Re s earch F oundation, Lunenbur g, M as sac hus e t t s 0 I 46 2 U S A ; 2Conservation International, Washington, D. C. 2003 6 U SA; 3Museurn of Comparative hology, Haward University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 IISA; lFlorida Musewn of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 3261 I USA; sAlemaya University of Agriculture, Faculty of Forestry Resources, Dire Dawa, Alemaya, Ethiopia Arstnecr. - The Asian giant softshell turtle, Pelochelys bibroni (Cryptodira: Trionychidae), is distributed widely from southeast Asia to the island of New Guinea. In Papua New Guinea it occurs in two apparently disjunct populations in the northern and southern lowlands. This report extends the known distribution eastwards in the northern lowlands, augments the known distribution in the southern lowlands, and describes differences in osteology and color pattern between the two geographic isolates. Preliminary findings also suggest that the southern New Guinean population is different from southeast Asian populations of P. bibroni, and may represent a new and undescribed species. Notes on habitat, natural history, reproduction, body size, human utilization, and vernacular names are also presented. The Asian giant softshell turtle Pelochelys bibroni recorded from Sumatra and Java, it is unreported from a (Testudines: Trionychidae) is an extremely wide-ranging large section of the Indonesian archipelago that includes species, distributed from eastern peninsular India across Sulawesi, the Lesser Sundas, Halmahera, and the Moluccas. -
Heptasuchus Clarki, from the ?Mid-Upper Triassic, Southeastern Big Horn Mountains, Central Wyoming (USA)
The osteology and phylogenetic position of the loricatan (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) Heptasuchus clarki, from the ?Mid-Upper Triassic, southeastern Big Horn Mountains, Central Wyoming (USA) † Sterling J. Nesbitt1, John M. Zawiskie2,3, Robert M. Dawley4 1 Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA 2 Cranbrook Institute of Science, Bloomfield Hills, MI, USA 3 Department of Geology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA 4 Department of Biology, Ursinus College, Collegeville, PA, USA † Deceased author. ABSTRACT Loricatan pseudosuchians (known as “rauisuchians”) typically consist of poorly understood fragmentary remains known worldwide from the Middle Triassic to the end of the Triassic Period. Renewed interest and the discovery of more complete specimens recently revolutionized our understanding of the relationships of archosaurs, the origin of Crocodylomorpha, and the paleobiology of these animals. However, there are still few loricatans known from the Middle to early portion of the Late Triassic and the forms that occur during this time are largely known from southern Pangea or Europe. Heptasuchus clarki was the first formally recognized North American “rauisuchian” and was collected from a poorly sampled and disparately fossiliferous sequence of Triassic strata in North America. Exposed along the trend of the Casper Arch flanking the southeastern Big Horn Mountains, the type locality of Heptasuchus clarki occurs within a sequence of red beds above the Alcova Limestone and Crow Mountain formations within the Chugwater Group. The age of the type locality is poorly constrained to the Middle—early Late Triassic and is Submitted 17 June 2020 Accepted 14 September 2020 likely similar to or just older than that of the Popo Agie Formation assemblage from Published 27 October 2020 the western portion of Wyoming. -
Sex Identification in the Chinese Softshell Turtle Pelodiscus Sinensis
Research Note Sex Identification in the Chinese Softshell Turtle Pelodiscus sinensis (Trionychidae) Using the SBNO1 Gene Lan Zhao#, Xin Wang#, Qiu-Hong Wan, Sheng-Guo Fang* The Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education and State Conservation Centre for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China # These authors contributed equally to this work. *Corresponding author: Prof. Sheng-Guo Fang Email: [email protected] Running title Sex identification in the Chinese softshell turtle Abstract The Chinese softshell turtle exhibits ZZ/ZW sex determination. To identify the sex of embryos, juvenile and adult individuals, we designed two pairs PCR primers, SB1-196 which amplify a fragment of 196 bp in the female and the other, CK1-482, amplify 482 bp fragment in both the sexes. It is validated in 24 adult turtles of known sex, sampled from three different locations. This one-step sexing technique is rapid and easy to perform, and reported for the first time. Key words: PCR, sex identification, sex chromosome, molecular sexing, reptile, Chinese softshell turtle. Introduction Chinese softshell turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis (family Trionychidae, suborder Cryptodira), possesses heteromorphic sex chromosomes (ZZ male, ZW female) (Kawai et al. 2007) is widely distributed in China and southeastern Asia (Zhao and Adler 1993) and have several populations named after the place of origin, e.g. Yellow River population, Taihu Lake population, and Japanese population, are well-studied in China (Liu et al. 2004; Xiao et al. 2005; Wang et al. 2010). Owing to the high economic value because of its larger size in male turtles (Figure 1a) in China, identification of the sex of embryos and juvenile is an important area of research. -
Paleontological Skill and the Role of the Fossil Preparator
Methods in Preparation Proceedings of the First Annual Fossil Preparation and Collections Symposium Edited by Matthew A. Brown, John F. Kane, and William G. Parker Petrified Forest, 2009 ISBN 1-11111-111-1 All Copyrights retained by individual authors ©2009 Cover design by Matthew Brown. Main image: A newly opened field jacket in the preparation lab. TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE v Matthew Brown and William Parker FOREWARD vi Gregory Brown ARTICLES PREPARATION IN ACTION: PALEONTOLOGICAL SKILL AND 3 THE ROLE OF THE FOSSIL PREPARATOR Caitlin Wylie WORKING FOSSIL LABORATORIES AS PUBLIC EXHIBITIONS 13 Annette Gavigan DINOSAURS, MUSEUMS, AND THE MODERNIZATION OF AMERICAN 21 FOSSIL PREPARATION AT THE TURN OF THE 20TH CENTURY Paul Brinkman FOSSIL PREPARATION TEST: AN INDICATION OF MANUAL SKILLS 35 Lisa Bergwall MICROPREPARATION: ONE SAND GRAIN AT A TIME 41 Jean Pierre Cavigelli AN INTRODUCTION TO SOLUTION AND REACTION 53 ADHESIVES FOR FOSSIL PREPARATION Amy Davidson and Samantha Alderson ROTTEN WOOD IN SAND: DIFFICULT PREPARATION OF A LARGE 63 THEROPOD Anthony Maltese HISTOLOGICAL CORE DRILLING: A LESS DESTRUCTIVE 69 METHOD FOR STUDYING BONE HISTOLOGY Koen Stein and Martin Sander CREATING A MULTI-USE POLYURETHANE MOLD WITH A 81 REPLACEABLE POUR SPOUT Michael Cherney THE USE OF LINEAR COLLAPSIBLE FOAM FOR MOLDING ICHNOFOSSILS 87 IN THE FIELD Thomas Nolan, Rob Atkinson, and Bryan Small INEXPENSIVE AND SIMPLE CONSTRUCTION OF A MANUAL 93 CENTRIFUGE FOR RESIN CASTING Daniel Erickson PACKING METHODS FOR DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL 97 FOSSIL SHIPPING ReBecca -
A Large Predatory Archosaur from the Late Triassic of Poland
A large predatory archosaur from the Late Triassic of Poland GRZEGORZ NIEDŹWIEDZKI, TOMASZ SULEJ, and JERZY DZIK Niedźwiedzki, G., Sulej, T., and Dzik, J. 2012. A large predatory archosaur from the Late Triassic of Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 57 (2): 267–276. We describe a new large predatory archosaur, Smok wawelski gen. et sp. nov., from the latest Triassic (latest Norian–early Rhaetian; approximately 205–200 Ma) of Lisowice (Lipie Śląskie clay−pit) in southern Poland. The length of the recon− structed skeleton is 5–6 m and that of the skull 50–60 cm, making S. wawelski larger than any other known predatory archosaur from the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic of central Europe (including theropod dinosaurs and “rauisuchian” crurotarsans). The holotype braincase is associated with skull, pelvic and isolated limb−bones found in close proximity (within 30 m), and we regard them as belonging to the same individual. Large, apparently tridactyl tracks that occur in the same rock unit may have been left by animals of the same species. The highly autapomorphic braincase shows large at− tachment areas for hypertrophied protractor pterygoideus muscles on the lateral surface and a wide, funnel−like region be− tween the basal tubera and basipterygoid processes on the ventral surface. The skeleton (cranial and postcranial) pos− sesses some features similar to those in theropod dinosaurs and others to those in large crocodile−line archosaurs (“rauisuchians”), rendering phylogenetic placement of S. wawelski difficult at this time. Key words: Archosauria, “Rauisuchia”, Dinosauria, Norian–Rhaetian, Late Triassic, Poland. Grzegorz Niedźwiedzki [[email protected]], Institute of Zoology, University of Warsaw, ul. -
Trachemys Scripta and Pelodiscus Sinensis) in Kawai Nui Marsh, Hawaii Author(S): Aaron J
Diets of Two Nonnative Freshwater Turtle Species (Trachemys scripta and Pelodiscus sinensis) in Kawai Nui Marsh, Hawaii Author(s): Aaron J. Works and Deanna H. Olson Source: Journal of Herpetology, 52(4):444-452. Published By: The Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles https://doi.org/10.1670/17-137 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1670/17-137 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Journal of Herpetology, Vol. 52, No. 4, 444–452, 2018 Copyright 2018 Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Diets of Two Nonnative Freshwater Turtle Species (Trachemys scripta and Pelodiscus sinensis) in Kawai Nui Marsh, Hawaii 1,2,4 3 AARON J. WORKS AND DEANNA H. OLSON 1Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 USA 2Oahu Invasive Species Committee, Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 743 Ulukahiki Street, Kailua, Hawaii 96734 USA 3US Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 USA ABSTRACT.—Island ecosystems provide habitat for many endemic species that may be threatened by nonnative species introductions. -
Turtle Farming in China, with Particular Reference to US Species Michael Lau & Shi Haitao Turtle Consumption in China
Turtle Farming in China, with particular reference to US species Michael Lau & Shi Haitao Turtle Consumption in China • Turtle has long been used as food and as medicine in China despite being a symbol of longevity • Many turtles in trade are wild- caught individuals from China and other Asian countries • Farm-bred turtles became available in good numbers in the last 20 years and the market share has increased substantially Turtle Farming in China • 16 provinces have turtle farms • Difficult to get an accurate picture because many farms operate without proper license • Shi et al. (2008) estimated over 300 million turtles are sold per year and are worth US $ 750 million • Zhou & Wang (2008) estimated 120 – 160 million turtles produced yearly and worth US$ 200 million Softshell Turtles Farming • China started farming Chinese Softshell Turtles in 1970’s • In mid 1980’s, adopted Green House farming technique from Japan • In 1990’s turtle farming expanded quickly throughout China • Since 2000, Florida Softshell, Spiny Softshell and Smooth Sorftshell have also been farmed 2007 Softshell Turtles Production Species Breeding Stock Yearly Production Pelodiscus sinensis 2 - 2.5 million 110 – 120 million Palea 20,000 – 30,000 100,000 – 150,000 steindachneri Apalone ferox 50,000 – 60,000 250,000 Apalone spinifera 10,000 – 20,000 30,000 & A. mutica Zhou & Wang, 2009; Zhou et al., 2009 Hard-shelled Turtles Farming • Started in mid 1990’s with two main species, Reeves Terrapin and Red-eared Slider • In late 1990’s, price of Soft-shell Turtles dropped -
Identity of Pelodiscus Sinensis Revealed by DNA Sequences of An
Accepted on 1 August 2011 Ó 2011 Blackwell Verlag GmbH J Zool Syst Evol Res doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2011.00632.x Museum of Zoology (Museum fu¨r Tierkunde), Senckenberg Dresden, Dresden, Germany Identity of Pelodiscus sinensis revealed by DNA sequences of an approximately 180-year-old type specimen and a taxonomic reappraisal of Pelodiscus species (Testudines: Trionychidae) Heiko Stuckas and Uwe Fritz Abstract Recent studies identified several distinct genetic lineages within the softshell turtle genus Pelodiscus that could represent valid species. Traditionally, Pelodiscus was regarded to comprise only a single species (P. sinensis). These softshell turtles are economically the most important chelonians of the world, with hundreds of millions of specimens traded as food every year. Moreover, Pelodiscus is used as a model organism for embryological and physiological studies, making correct species identification of paramount interest for disciplines beyond taxonomy. However, the understanding of the diversity of Pelodiscus was seriously hampered by the unclear taxonomic allocation of the oldest available species name, Trionyx (Aspidonectes) sinensis Wiegmann, 1834. To clarify its identity, we reconstructed two mitochondrial DNA fragments of 1013 bp (cytb) and 468 bp (ND4) length of one of the two surviving syntypes and designate this specimen as lectotype (ZMB 38, Museum fu¨ r Naturkunde Berlin). The sequences obtained from the lectotype represent a previously unknown lineage. Using the phylogenetic placement of all lineages and uncorrected p distances of the mitochondrial cytb gene as a yardstick, we suggest that the observed sequence variation is consistent with the existence of at least four distinct species within Pelodiscus. The name P. -
Craniata and Vertebrata
CHAPTER 1 Craniata and Vertebrata The vertebrates or Vertebrata form an ancient group of descent. As hypotheses, they are testable and thus with a history spanning some 545 million years. On the open to falsifi cation when new data become available. If one hand, they include the organisms most familiar to a hypothesis is falsifi ed, then another one may be us, such as fi sh, birds, cats and dogs, as well as humans; proposed — for example, new evidence might show that on the other, few people are aware of the great diversity humans share a recent common ancestor with a different in their form, structure, and habits. Indeed, they include great ape than chimpanzees, such as orangutans. some of the largest and more complex organisms ever evolved. But vertebrates are part of a larger grouping of animals, and to understand their history and the devel- PHYLOGENY AND CLASSIFICATION opment of their structure, they must be placed in phy- logenetic context. For most of the past 250 years, the classifi cation of organ- In discussing vertebrates, several other groups of isms has followed the Linnean system, which uses ranks organisms are usually considered. A monophyletic or to designate levels of organization of the organisms being natural group (see later) of organisms is referred to as a classifi ed. Most readers will be familiar with the main taxon (plur., taxa ). The taxa related (in terms of recent formal Linnean ranks, ordered hierarchically from most common ancestry) to vertebrates include Echinodermata to least inclusive: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, (sand dollars, sea lilies, star fi sh, sea cucumbers, urchins), Family, Genus, and Species.