Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 159 (2016) 143–163 Revision of the genus Cyphura Warren, 1902. Part I: Introduction of the New Subgenus Xysterophora with Two New Species from New Guinea (Lepidoptera: Uraniidae: Uraniinae) Siep Sinnema & Jannie Sinnema-Bloemen A new subgenus, Xysterophora, is introduced for the albisecta species group of the genus Cyphura Warren, 1902 (Lepidoptera: Uraniidae). Two new species are described: Cyphura (Xysterophora) devosi and C.(X). femkeae. The subspecies Cyphura atramentaria extensa Rothschild, 1915 is raised to species level. New combinations are formed for the species albisecta Warren, 1907, atramentaria Warren, 1907, extensa Rothschild, 1915, semialba Warren, 1907, and urapteroides Joicey & Talbot, 1917. Lectotypes are designated for the species albisecta, atramentaria, semialba, and urapteroides. Xysterophora is restricted to New Guinea. Keywords: Lepidoptera; Uraniidae; Uraniinae; Cyphura; Xysterophora S.G. Sinnema, J.W. Sinnema-Bloemen, Sparjeburd 29, NL-8409CK Hemrik, The Netherlands. [email protected] Introduction species in the genus. On the abdomen the males Cyphura Warren, 1902 is most likely a monophyletic have a “grater”, a structure on the third abdominal genus (Uraniidae, Uraniinae) with about 20 species; sternite, consisting of several spines placed in longi- it is almost totally restricted to New Guinea. A few tudinal rows. These and other characteristics justify species occur in the Moluccas, Sulawesi and North- the introduction of a new subgenus, Xysterophora. ern Australia. All species in the genus have white All members of the genus Cyphura, like many wings with a more or less broad blackish margin on other white Uraniidae, were originally placed in the the forewing and a submarginal blackish or brown genus Urapteroides Moore, 1888. The genus Cyphura band on the hindwing. All species have a more or less was introduced by Warren (1902) with the type spe- extended tail on the hindwing, with in most species cies Phalaena geminia Cramer, 1777. two or three black dots at the base of the tail. There is Because of these exterior differences we have de- always a fairly large black spot between veins M3 and cided to divide the genus Cyphura into five species CuA1 and between CuA1 and CuA2. Some species groups here: have two brown transverse bands on the forewing, other species have no additional markings on the – The caudiferaria group: black or brown margins, forewing. In some there is a brown transverse band no transverse brown bands on forewing. Black on the hindwing. Traditionally the white-blackish or brown submarginal band and no transverse pattern was used to determine the species, but this brown bands on hindwing. appears no longer sufficient. The genitalia of seven – The geminia group: black or brown margins and species are strikingly different from those of the other two transverse brown bands on forewing. Black Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 159: 143–163, Figs 1–54. [ISSN 0040-7496]. brill.com/tve © Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging. Published by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden. Published 30 December 2016. DOI 10.1163/22119434-15903004 Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 06:54:14AM via free access <UN> 144 Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, volume 159, 2016 or brown submarginal band and one transverse group belong to a new subgenus, for which we pro- brown band on hindwing. pose the name Xysterophora subgen. n. – The semiobsoleta group: black or brown margin on forewing, broad near the costa, striated with white. Blackish submarginal band on hindwing. Material and methods Traces of a brown transverse band on forewing and hindwing. Material For this study specimens were examined in five The next two groups are very different from the collections. groups mentioned above: Acronyms used for material depositories: – The pardata group: small, both wings ground BMNH Natural History Museum color white and yellow with black markings. (formerly British Museum of White transverse bands on forewing. Natural History), London, United – The albisecta group: small, forewing with broad Kingdom black margin and outer part black. Black submar- KSP Kelompok Serangga Papua ginal band on hindwing. (collection of Br. Henk van Mastrigt), Jayapura, Papua, The albisecta group as interpreted here consists of Indonesia seven species: albisecta Warren, 1907, atramentaria RMNH Naturalis Biodiversity Center Warren, 1907, extensa (Rothschild, 1915), semialba (formerly Rijksmuseum van Warren, 1907, urapteroides Joicey & Talbot, 1917 Natuurlijke Historie and Nationaal and two new species, which are described in this Natuurhistorisch Museum), paper. Leiden, The Netherlands Compared to the members of the caudiferaria SINNEMA private collection of the authors, group and the geminia group, the members of this Hemrik, The Netherlands group are all smaller, the dark margin on the fore- ZMAN Naturalis Biodiversity Center wing is broader and the genitalia, especially in the (formerly Zoölogisch Museum males, are strikingly different. van Amsterdam), Leiden, The The shape of the phallus is slender, tubular and Netherlands with a simple apex, whereas the phallus of the other Cyphura species is tapering towards the apex, of- Methods ten hooked or with a tooth. The males all have a Genitalia preparations were made according to “grater” on the sternite of the third abdominal seg- the standards of the Natural History Museum in ment (Fig. 15), consisting of 40 to 190 longitudinal London (Robinson 1976). At least one male and one rows of rigid scales. The females show no trace of female specimen for each species was dissected. After such a grater. Figures 15 and 31–37 show the grater dissection the genitalia were macerated for 12 hours after preparation and removal of loose scales. The in cold KOH 10%, cleaned in ethanol 30% and organ represents an autapomorphy for the albisecta stained with chlorazol black which was dissolved in group. absolute ethanol. The genitalia were temporarily The function of the grater is still unknown. It stored in ethanol 70% to allow study of their three- might be used for stridulation and intersexual com- dimensional structure. Finally the genitalia were munication, by scraping parts of the hindlegs over mounted on glass slides in euparal. the grater. The females have well developed tympa- Most of the adults were photographed with a nal organs and are thus equipped to monitor acous- Canon Powershot SX30 IS digital camera. tic signals. It is unlikely that the grater is used for The genitalia were photographed through a Leica defense against nocturnal predators since this organ MZ16 binocular microscope with a fixed DFC 320 does not occur in the females. It is interesting to note digital camera which was controlled by Leica Fire- that the males of members of the genus Urania (Ura- cam 1.9.1 software on a Macintosh Power PC G4 niidae, Uraniinae) produce sound by stridulating the with operating system 10.4.1. forelegs (Lees 1992). Wing length was measured from wing base to In the females of the albisecta group, the corpus apex in males and females. bursae is relatively small and globular and one or Morphological terminology of the external struc- two signa are always present. In the other members tures (excluding the genitalia) mainly follows Scoble of Cyphura the corpus bursae is large and elongated. (1992) and Holloway et al. (2001). The terminology Both the wing pattern and the genitalia support of the genitalia mainly follows Jordan (1939), Tuxen the hypothesis that the members of the albisecta (1970) and Kôda (1987). Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 06:54:14AM via free access <UN> Sinnema and Sinnema-Bloemen: Revision of the genus Cyphura Warren 145 Xysterophora subgen. n. 6.vi.1906, leg. A.S. Meek [BMNH, coll.nr. Type species. Cyphura albisecta Warren, 1907. BMNH(E)1325320] Note. Only the lectotype (male) in the collection of BMNH is labeled with the familiar red ring. Description The male genitalia are described from another The members of this subgenus are smaller than most specimen from the type locality [BMNH, coll. nr. of the other species of the genus Cyphura. The fore- BMNH(E)1325321]. Maybe Warren has seen this wing length (measured from wing base to apex) is be- specimen as a female and described it as such in his tween 23 and 26 mm. The wing pattern is white and paper. black or dark brown, sometimes the white is replaced The female genitalia are described from a different by yellow on the hindwing or there is a pale brown specimen from the type locality [BMNH, prep. nr. streak. The broad margin of the forewing is black or BMNH-RV1509]. dark brown. The hindwing carries a black or dark brown broad submarginal band. Like all members of Diagnosis (Figs 1, 2) the genus Cyphura, the hindwing has a small tail near Male. Head — Vertex pale brown, frons white with the tornus and there are two or three black dots near large dark brown oval spot in the middle. Anten- the tornus. There always is a fairly large black spot nae length 11 mm, dorsally dark brown and black between veins M3 and CuA1 and between CuA1 checkered, ventrally pale brown, dentated. Labial and CuA2. The thorax and abdomen are white or palpi: dorsally white with black apex, ventrally pale yellowish. The frons of the head is white with a small brown. or large black spot in the middle. The labial palpi are Thorax — Thorax white, patagia brown, tegulae dorsally white with black or dark brown base and white; thorax ventrally white. apex, ventrally white or pale brown. The antennae Forelegs femur white, pale brown in front. Tibiae are dorsally dark brown and checkered black, ven- and tarsi pale brown. Other legs and tibiae white, trally pale brown. They are dentated in the males, tarsi pale brown. filiform in the females. Forewing length 26.0 mm. Forewing dark brown, The sternite of the third abdominal segment of basal part slightly paler, apical part striated with the males carries a grater, consisting of 40 to 190 black.