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As a Manuscript AMANGELDI NURGUL Survey of Root Diseases Kazakh National Agrarian University UDC: 632.4(632.7) as a manuscript AMANGELDI NURGUL Survey of root diseases, screening of some wheat genotypes on resistance to (Fusarium Spp. and Heterodera filipjevis Hum.) and the protection measures for them in Kazakhstan 6D081100 –Plant protection and quarantine Thesis is submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of philosophy (PhD) Scientific consultants: Candidate of biological science, preofessor Agibaev A.J, Candidate of agricultural science Kochorov A.S., Doctor of agricultural science Abdtelfattah Amer Dababat Turkey, CIMMYT Republic Kazakhstan Almaty, 2018 CONTENT NORMATIVE REFERENCES 3 DEFINITIONS 4 SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 5 INTRODUCTION 6 1 MAIN PART 9 1.1 Diversity of wheat gene pool………………………………………….. 9 1.2 Study of root rot in Kazakhstan .......................................................................... 10 1.3 The status of nematode in Kazakhstan till now .................................................. 12 1.4 Interactions between Heterodera filipjevis and Fusarium culmorum……… 13 1.5 Spreading of Pratylenchus species .................................................................... 15 2 CHARACTERISTIC OF NATURAL-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF 17 THE RESEARCH AREA ZONE…………………………………………. 3 OBJECTS AND METHODS OF RESEARCH ............................................. 25 3.1 Objects of research ............................................................................................. 25 3.2 Research Methods for root rot ............................................................................ 29 3.3 Research Methods for nematode…………………………………………. 39 4 RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH ................................................................... 50 4.1 Microbiologycal identification of Fusarium solanoi.................................... 50 4.1.1 Assessment of screening methods to identify resistant to root rot (Fusarium colmorum) in wheat......................................................... 53 4.1.2 Assessment of screening methods to identify resistant to Heterodera filipjevis in wheat.................................................................................. 60 4.2 Survey and determination of cyst nematodes (Heterodera spp) in some cereal growing regions of Kazakhstan......................................................... 64 4.3 Identification and spreading of plant parasite nematodes in wheat growing areas of west and south – east part of Kazakhstan..................................... 71 4.4 Survey and identification of cyst nematodes from destination Astana to Kostanay ............................................................................................................. 78 4.5 Effectiveness of biologics application against root rot of grain crops......... 82 5 ECONOMIC EFFECTIVENESS 92 CONCLUSIONS 94 LIST OF USED SOURCES 96 ANNEXES 107 2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES In this dissertation, references are made to the following standards: The Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Science" of 18.02.2011 № 407-IV LRK. State Educational Establishment of the Republic of Kazakhstan 5.04.034-2011: The state compulsory standard of education of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Post-graduate education. Doctoral studies. Basic provisions (changes as of August 23, 2012 No. 1080). The rules for awarding academic degrees from March 31, 2011 № 127. GOST 2.105-95 Single system of construction documentation. Common use for text documents. GOST 2.11-68 Single system of construction documentation. Monitoring time. GOST 6.38-90 Unified docummentation systems. System of organization- documulation. Tractions to the documents. GOST 7.32-2001. Otchet o nauchno-issledovatelskoy rabote. Structure and rules of the mission. GOST 7.1-2003. Bibliographic record. Bibliographic description. Terms of use and rules of conduct. GOST 21507-81. It protects the growth. 3 DIVISIONS The following terms are used in this thesis with the relevant definitions: Variety – a group of cultivated plants obtained as a result of selection within the framework of the lowest known botanical taxa and possessing a certain set of characteristics (useful or decorative) that distinguish this group of plants from other plants of the same species. Resistance to disease – This is when plants of some sort (sometimes of a species) are not affected by the disease, or are less affected than other varieties (or species). Phytopathological evaluation – revealing the infestation of plants by phytopathogens, suggests timely combating of harmful diseases. Yield - the amount of crop production, obtained from a unit area. Yields are calculated in centners or tons per 1 hectare. Attribute – any feature of the structure, any property of the organism. The development of a sign depends both on the presence of other genes and on environmental conditions, the formation of signs occurs in the course of individual development of individuals. Gene – functionally indivisible unit of genetic material, the site of the DNA molecule, which determines the possibility of developing a separate elementary feature. Diagnosis - the doctrine of methods for the recognition of plant diseases. Pathogenicity - the ability of a parasite to cause a host disease, to harm it. Isolate - pure culture of the microorganism, allocated to a nutrient medium. Isolation - isolation of a pure microorganism culture on a nutrient medium. Sequencing - Determination of the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA molecule. Ekstrasol - a microbiological preparation used in agriculture, possesses a growth- stimulating and protective effect. Extrasol is one of the recent developments of the All- Russian Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Microbiology and received state registration as a microbiological fertilizer in 1999. The extrasolver successfully combines the best qualities of biological and chemical preparations. The basis of the preparation is a strain of rhizosphere bacteria Bacillus subtilis Ch-13, isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy plants. Vial - two-component systemic fungicide for preseeding processing of seeds of cereals and sunflower from a complex of diseases. Nematode - microscopic worms belonging to the class Nematoda type Roundworms. The body of phytonematodes is threadlike or spindle-shaped, less often of another form, 0.5-3.5 mm long, covered with a coat (cuticle). 4 SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS KSRI PPQ - Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Plant Protection and Quarantine. FAO - The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ha - hectare С - degree centigrade m - metr gr - gram psc. - piece AES - Agricultural experimental station CIMMYT - International Center of Wheat and Corn Improvement LP - Limited partnership R - resistant S - susceptible MR - moderately resistant MS - moderately susceptible CCN - cereal cyst nematode PPN - plant parasite nematode 0.1 (rate of extrasol - 10 times concentrated strains of bacillus subtilis consumption) (0.1 * 10 = 1) 5 INTRODUCTION Relevance of the research topic “President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N. Nazarbayev”, the people of Kazakhstan, "New Development Opportunities in the Conditions of the Fourth Industrial Revolution", the agro – industrial complex faces the task of increasing labor productivity and exporting processed agricultural products 2.5 times. January 10, 2018 [1]. The Republic of Kazakhstan is among the ten largest grain exporters. Annually, up to 6 million tons of wheat is exported to Central Asia countries and up to 2 million tons to European Union countries. It is common knowledge that the increase in crop yields in developed countries is more than 40% dependent on the introduction of new varieties and hybrids. In developing countries, the renewal of varieties is slow and therefore they have a low yield of cultivated plants. In developed grain countries (Canada, Australia, etc.), there have national wheat selection programs, which analysis plant of resistance genetics, population structure of pathogens, identification of effective genes and donors. In Kazakhstan, the most dangerous disease of cereal crops is root rot. Therefore, resistance of wheat varieties to this disease is very important for protection. Due to the fact that the structure of populations of pathogens in root rot is constantly changing, it is important to replenish wheat genetic resources which is the most dangerous diseases in our country, new donors from international nurseries that have a resistance group. Recently, parasitic nematodes significantly affect the productivity of wheat. As a result of the research work of scientific organization (CIMMYT-Turkey), various varieties of spring wheat (17 CBHL) were obtained by crossing different genotypes. In Kazakhstan, it is necessary to continue scientific research on the study of genotypes of spring wheat which is resistant to soil diseases, and to select the best samples. All the predetermined urgency of chosen topic also the goals and tasks of this dissertational work Purpose of the research Screening some genotypes of wheat for resistant to root rot (Fusarium spp. and Heterodera filipjevis Hum.), Determination of phytoparasitic nematodes in various wheat cultivation zones and effectiveness of biologics application against root rot of grain crops. Research objectives To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set: - sequencing of the pathogen Fusarium spp, root rot of wheat; -identification of effective resistant donors for spring wheat samples to root rot; 6 -selection of spring wheat samples resistant to root rot, adapted
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