A Comparative Study of Global Fighter Development Timelines

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

A Comparative Study of Global Fighter Development Timelines STUDY OF INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY IN CHINA POLICY BRIEF 2014-3 January 2014 A Comparative Study of Global Fighter Development Timelines Maggie MARCUM This policy brief provides a summary of trends in the research, development, 1970s to modern times. This paper expands the evolving practice of RDA and acquisition (RDA) practices of fighter aircraft programs from the analysis by incorporating timeline analysis to compare the length of time the United States, Russia, China, and India take to design, produce, test, and field military fighters. The research suggests that while the United States countries such as China are able to rapidly bridge the gap by copying foreign remains the leader in fighter designs and advanced technology development, designs and building on the experience of collaborative partners. The brief lays the foundation for additional comparative studies that will focus on technology development and the ability of technology followers to emulate sophisticated capabilities for the next generation of fighter aircraft. The Study of Innovation and Technology in China (SITC) is a project of the University of California Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation. SITC Research Briefs provide analysis and recommendations based on the work of project participants. This material is based upon work supported by, or in part by, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the U.S. Army Research Office through the Minerva Initiative under grant #W911NF-09-1-0081. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the U.S. Army Research Office. 1 METHODOLOGY tion through the use of key terms to 1940s with advances in technologies and capabilities leading to the Cold The goal of timeline analysis, as part data mining process. The generic War era quest for military advantage of the RDA analytic framework, is to RDAnarrow process the research framework field providesduring the a between the United States and the capture and categorize activities over structure to cluster key data points Soviet Union. The end of the Korean the life of select programs. This study for comparative timeline analysis. For War is seen as the advent of the avia- examines the development timelines this study, the indicators detailed in tion technology arms race as the Table 1 were used to categorize infor- countries faced off for air superiority. on the United States, Russia, China, mation and to track the length of time of 14 fighter programs while focusing and India to compare the RDA pro- a foundation for the most enduring These early-generation fighters laid betweenThe RDA fourth- process and frameworkfifth-generation pro- that still inspire imitation in develop- cesses for fourth- and fifth-generation may help to bring greater certainty videsfighter a programway to organize, milestones. diagram, and ingand defensetechnologically industrial advanced bases suchfighters as fighters. Documenting past practices when predicting future trends by present data that can later be trans- China and India. identifying indicators that might ferred to a timeline graphic to indi- signal the start and progression of a cate key observable events. RDA sign- Fourth-Generation Fighters posts are plotted and updated as new The stages of a defense RDA pro- information becomes available, high- The 1991 Gulf War air campaign dem- sixth-generation fighter program. cess include milestones for S&T lighting changes in the length of time onstrated the technical prowess of the studies, requirement and concept between milestones from program to United States. Within 10 years of the development, technical and systems production of US F-15 and F-16 and development, testing, production, and exact dates for R&D, therefore this - delivery of military equipment. Earlier briefprogram. uses It the often most is difficult widely toaccepted obtain ers, other design and development the Russian Su-27 and Mig-29 fight studies of defense RDA systems sug- milestones available. teams emulated these programs with gest a similar basic defense develop- their own fourth-generation variants. Analysis of the development mile- RDA process. The literature describes JET FIGHTER DEVELOPMENT stones for select fourth-generation thement use structure, of timelines defined as an as analytic the generic tool to manage large amounts of informa- can trace their origin to the late United States and Russia took an Leaders in jet fighter development fighter programs suggests that the Table 1. Pre-ProgramKey indicatorsRequirements for timeline analysisResearch of fighter and aircraftDevelopment development and Production Operations and Design Demonstration Maintenance - Air Force re- Research, dem- Systems inte- Production Rollout quirements onstration, and approval gration Service acceptance Fourth, fifth-gen validation Technology re- Acquisition plan Production strategy eration fighter Preliminary and Maintenance plans search program Acquisition Requirements Production rates strategy Technology gaps Technology study or system Model simulation established programs Develop concept final design Full-scale pro- operational performance Develop prototypes upgrades duction specifications/concepts/threats objectives and pilot models Modifications/recommended Follow-on Acceptance testing Reconfigured System capability Project analysis Prototype testing Retired requirements/ and evaluation Final production Systems/technol- capability gap ogy integra- Design modi- Feasibility study/ tion plan project scope Performance Delivery/fielding Risk assessments fications - criteria Contract com- tion/request pletion Final approval Projectfor proposals defini and validation or information Contract award Low rate/initial Budget Delivery projection production Life cycle costs Technology development 2 YEARS 0–5 5–10 10–15 15–20 20–25 25–30 30–35 F-15 4 1 3 4 F-16 1 3 2 3 Su-27 1 7 3 8 MiG29 3 1 3 7 PROGRAMS Euro 4 4 8 4 J-11B 20 (approximated) 7 4–5 3 J-10 5 15 2 2–3 Figure 1. Overview of fourth-generation fighter timelines average of 12 years from study to When countries that are still de- France withdrew from the consor- delivery of their fourth-generation veloping their defense industrial bas- tium and returned to developing its - es attempt to indigenously design and opment program took about 17 years - fromsystems. program The Eurofighter initiation tojoint delivery. devel ger development timelines because generationown fighter. Rafael, It would just takeshy ofsome the 1714 China was able to cut corners when theyproduce are aincapable fighter they of completeoften face self-lon years fromfor France program to fieldinitiation its fourth- to de- it replicated Russia’s Su-27 designs reliance. This is the case with India’s to springboard its J-11B version some Tejas program, which began with Late Followers seven years later. The J-10, however, technical studies in the mid-1970s livery of the Eurofighter. Other country’s designs have been shows the weakness in China’s tech- and has yet to be delivered to opera- nical skills and experience, leading to tional forces. - a much longer timeline of nearly 25 Joint Programs ers.influenced China byhas the successfully capabilities ofincor U.S.- years to convert foreign designs and Unable to individually develop a poratedand Russian knowledge fourth-generation gained through fight its collaboration with Russia on the Figure 1). assistance to a fielded fighter (see Kingdom and Germany in 1983 be- Su-27 licensed production to emu- Technology Innovators ganfourth-generation plans to design fighter, and thebuild United the late an advanced program. India, on The fourth-generation capabilities of the other hand, continues its attempt the United States are built on a histo- ry of incrementally improved techni- previousEurofighter research Typhoon studies collaborative conducted press coverage reports numerous de- cal levels. Russia has drawn from the byfighter. the United The program Kingdom, drew France, heavily Spain, on laysto develop because the of Tejas funding, fighter, political although bat- and Italy, with each committing to tles over the program, lack of domes- fourth-generation capabilities. France contribute designs and technologies tic technical capabilities, and a culture andSukhoi Sweden, and MiG too, fighterbuilt on family predecessor for its from their own studies. Although ill-prepared to implement a complex designs for the Rafael and Gripen, tak- on the surface this seemed to be the ing a little more than 15 years from best bet for the partners to develop a India committed to indigenous design - andfighter production program. of Nearly a fourth-generation 40 years after tion variants. program was daunting. Eventually, study to fielding their fourth-genera multi-role fighter, management of the fighter, it has yet to deliver. 3 China entered the era of fourth- concept development. Aviation ex- have begun as early as 1993, draw- perts continue to debate the existence ing from the Su-27 family of designs. production of Russia’s Su-27SK. It is uncleargeneration when fighters China with began its research licensed- new avionics, radar, and a reduced ra- ing the technology to build its own thatof a breakawayit is more aboutcapability marketing that defines than Sukhoi is promoting a fighter with abouta fifth newgeneration, capabilities. with some claiming testing in 2007 and was in assembly Russia arrived in China around 1999 The F-22 was developed
Recommended publications
  • LESSON 3 Significant Aircraft of World War II
    LESSON 3 Significant Aircraft of World War II ORREST LEE “WOODY” VOSLER of Lyndonville, Quick Write New York, was a radio operator and gunner during F World War ll. He was the second enlisted member of the Army Air Forces to receive the Medal of Honor. Staff Sergeant Vosler was assigned to a bomb group Time and time again we read about heroic acts based in England. On 20 December 1943, fl ying on his accomplished by military fourth combat mission over Bremen, Germany, Vosler’s servicemen and women B-17 was hit by anti-aircraft fi re, severely damaging it during wartime. After reading the story about and forcing it out of formation. Staff Sergeant Vosler, name Vosler was severely wounded in his legs and thighs three things he did to help his crew survive, which by a mortar shell exploding in the radio compartment. earned him the Medal With the tail end of the aircraft destroyed and the tail of Honor. gunner wounded in critical condition, Vosler stepped up and manned the guns. Without a man on the rear guns, the aircraft would have been defenseless against German fi ghters attacking from that direction. Learn About While providing cover fi re from the tail gun, Vosler was • the development of struck in the chest and face. Metal shrapnel was lodged bombers during the war into both of his eyes, impairing his vision. Able only to • the development of see indistinct shapes and blurs, Vosler never left his post fi ghters during the war and continued to fi re.
    [Show full text]
  • A Clipped Wing: an Assessment of the Effectiveness of the B-21
    University of Denver Digital Commons @ DU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 1-1-2016 A Clipped Wing: An Assessment of the Effectiveness of the B-21 Aidan Thomas Hughes University of Denver Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd Part of the International Relations Commons Recommended Citation Hughes, Aidan Thomas, "A Clipped Wing: An Assessment of the Effectiveness of the B-21" (2016). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 1124. https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd/1124 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at Digital Commons @ DU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ DU. For more information, please contact [email protected],[email protected]. A Clipped Wing: An Assessment of the Effectiveness of the B-21 _________________________ A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Josef Korbel School of International Studies University of Denver _________________________ In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts _________________________ by Aidan Thomas Hughes June 2016 Advisor: Professor T. Farer Author: Aidan Thomas Hughes Title: A Clipped Wing: An Assessment of the Effectiveness of the B-21 Advisor: Professor T. Farer Degree Date: June 2016 Abstract This thesis examines the effectiveness of the Northrop Grumman B-21 long range strike bomber in advancing the ability of U.S. policy makers to achieve national security objectives. The operational value of the B-21 is assessed through analysing its probable role in four hypothetical combat scenarios, and the relative effectiveness of the B-21 is measured alongside the potential performance of alternative systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Aircraft, Defense & Space Domain Business Plan
    Aircraft, Defense & Space Domain Business Plan Keisuke Hisakazu Naohiko HIROSE MIZUTANI ABE Senior Vice President, President, Senior Vice President, Head of Commercial Aviation Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation Head of Integrated Defense Systems & Space Systems June 12, 2017 © 2017 MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD. All Rights Reserved. Contents 1. Business Overview 2. Commercial Aviation Systems Segment 2-1. Overview 2-2. FY2016 Summary & FY2017 Outlook 2-3. FY2017 Business Strategy 3. MRJ Business 3-1. Overview 3-2. Development Activities 3-3. Implementation of Development Schedule 4. Integrated Defense & Space Systems Segment 4-1. Overview 4-2. FY2016 Summary & FY2017 Outlook 4-3. FY2017 Business Strategy © 2017 MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD. All Rights Reserved. 1 1-1. Overview (Domain Reorganization) The Aircraft, Defense & Space domain was created as a result of MHI’s domain reorganization, carried out 2017年4月の全社ドメイン再編・事業再配置により、航空・防衛・宇宙ドメインを発足。 in April 2017.直轄による育成基盤の早期形成と収益安定を図る。 Under the CEO’s direct oversight, the new domain is pursuing prompt formation of a strong developmentCEO foundation and stable earnings. [Until March 2017] [From April 2017] Energy & Environment Power Systems Business Group company Mitsubishi Aircraft MRJ Thermal Power Nuclear Power Thermal Power Compressors Corporation Renewable Energy Chemical Plants Aero Engines Nuclear Power Commercial Aviation & Renewable Energy Transportation Systems Commercial / Cruise Land Transportation Ships Systems Industry & Infrastructure Material Handling Commercial Aircraft
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution & Impact of US Aircraft In
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Honors Theses, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Honors Program Fall 10-2019 Take Off to Superiority: The Evolution & Impact of U.S. Aircraft in War Lane Weidner University of Nebraska - Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/honorstheses Part of the Aviation Commons, and the Military History Commons Weidner, Lane, "Take Off to Superiority: The Evolution & Impact of U.S. Aircraft in War" (2019). Honors Theses, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. 184. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/honorstheses/184 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors Program at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses, University of Nebraska-Lincoln by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. TAKE OFF TO SUPERIORITY: THE EVOLUTION & IMPACT OF U.S. AIRCRAFT IN WAR An Undergraduate Honors Thesis Submitted in Partial fulfillment of University Honors Program Requirements University of Nebraska-Lincoln by Lane M. Weidner, Bachelor of Science Major: Mathematics Minor: Aerospace Studies College of Arts & Sciences Oct 24, 2019 Faculty Mentor: USAF Captain Nicole Beebe B.S. Social Psychology M.Ed. Human Resources, E-Learning ii Abstract Military aviation has become a staple in the way wars are fought, and ultimately, won. This research paper takes a look at the ways that aviation has evolved and impacted wars across the U.S. history timeline. With a brief introduction of early flight and the modern concept of an aircraft, this article then delves into World Wars I and II, along with the Cold, Korean, Vietnam, and Gulf Wars.
    [Show full text]
  • P-38J Over Europe 1170 US WWII FIGHTER 1:48 SCALE PLASTIC KIT
    P-38J over Europe 1170 US WWII FIGHTER 1:48 SCALE PLASTIC KIT intro The Lockheed P-38 Lightning was developed to a United States Army Air Corps requirement. It became famous not only for its performance in the skies of WWII, but also for its unusual appearance. The Lightning, designed by the Lockheed team led by Chief Engineer Clarence 'Kelly' Johnson, was a complete departure from conventional airframe design. Powered by two liquid cooled inline V-1710 engines, it was almost twice the size of other US fighters and was armed with four .50 cal. machine guns plus a 20 mm cannon, giving the Lightning not only the firepower to deal with enemy aircraft, but also the capability to inflict heavy damage on ships. The first XP-38 prototype, 37-457, was built under tight secrecy and made its maiden flight on January 27, 1939. The USAAF wasn´t satisfied with the big new fighter, but gave permission for a transcontinental speed dash on February 11, 1939. During this event, test pilot Kelsey crashed at Mitchell Field, NY. Kelsey survived the cash but the airplane was written off. Despite this, Lockheed received a contract for thirteen preproduction YP-38s. The first production version was the P-38D (35 airplanes only armed with 37mm cannon), followed by 210 P-38Es which reverted back to the 20 mm cannon. These planes began to arrive in October 1941 just before America entered World War II. The next versions were P-38F, P-38G, P-38H and P-38J. The last of these introduced an improved shape of the engine nacelles with redesigned air intakes and cooling system.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cost of Replacing Today's Air Force Fleet
    CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE The Cost of Replacing Today’s Air Force Fleet DECEMBER 2018 Notes The years referred to in this report are federal fiscal years, which run from October 1 to September 30 and are designated by the calendar year in which they end. All costs are expressed in 2018 dollars. For the years before 2018, costs are adjusted for inflation using the gross domestic product price index from the Bureau of Economic Analysis. Costs for years after 2018 are adjusted for inflation using the Congressional Budget Office’s projection of that index. On the cover: An F-15C Eagle during takeoff. U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sergeant Joe W. McFadden. www.cbo.gov/publication/54657 Contents Summary 1 Today’s Air Force Aircraft and Their Replacement Costs 1 BOX 1. MAJOR AIRCRAFT IN THE AIR FORCE’S FLEET AND THEIR PRIMARY FUNCTIONS 2 How CBO Made Its Projections 5 Projected Costs of New Fighter Aircraft 6 F-35A 7 Light Attack Aircraft 7 Penetrating Counter Air Aircraft 8 Managing Procurement Costs in Peak Years 9 Appendix: Composition of the Current Air Force Fleet and CBO’s Estimate of Replacement Costs 11 List of Tables and Figures 18 About This Document 19 The Cost of Replacing Today’s Air Force Fleet Summary different missions (seeBox 1 and the appendix). They The U.S. Air Force has about 5,600 aircraft, which range range widely in age from the 75 new aircraft that entered in age from just-delivered to 60 years old.
    [Show full text]
  • Conquering the Night Army Air Forces Night Fighters at War
    The U.S. Army Air Forces in World War II Conquering the Night Army Air Forces Night Fighters at War PRINTER: strip in FIGURE NUMBER A-1 Shoot at 277% bleed all sides Stephen L. McFarland A Douglas P–70 takes off for a night fighter training mission, silhouetted by the setting Florida sun. 2 The U.S. Army Air Forces in World War II Conquering the Night Army Air Forces Night Fighters at War Stephen L. McFarland AIR FORCE HISTORY AND MUSEUMS PROGRAM 1998 Conquering the Night Army Air Forces Night Fighters at War The author traces the AAF’s development of aerial night fighting, in- cluding technology, training, and tactical operations in the North African, European, Pacific, and Asian theaters of war. In this effort the United States never wanted for recruits in what was, from start to finish, an all-volunteer night fighting force. Cut short the night; use some of it for the day’s business. — Seneca For combatants, a constant in warfare through the ages has been the sanctuary of night, a refuge from the terror of the day’s armed struggle. On the other hand, darkness has offered protection for operations made too dangerous by daylight. Combat has also extended into the twilight as day has seemed to provide too little time for the destruction demanded in modern mass warfare. In World War II the United States Army Air Forces (AAF) flew night- time missions to counter enemy activities under cover of darkness. Allied air forces had established air superiority over the battlefield and behind their own lines, and so Axis air forces had to exploit the night’s protection for their attacks on Allied installations.
    [Show full text]
  • P-38 Lightning
    P-38 Lightning P-38 Lightning Type Heavy fighter Manufacturer Lockheed Designed by Kelly Johnson Maiden flight 27 January 1939 Introduction 1941 Retired 1949 Primary user United States Army Air Force Produced 1941–45 Number built 10,037[1] Unit cost US$134,284 when new[2] Variants Lockheed XP-49 XP-58 Chain Lightning The Lockheed P-38 Lightning was a World War II American fighter aircraft. Developed to a United States Army Air Corps requirement, the P-38 had distinctive twin booms with forward-mounted engines and a single, central nacelle containing the pilot and armament. The aircraft was used in a number of different roles, including dive bombing, level bombing, ground strafing, photo reconnaissance missions,[3] and extensively as a long-range escort fighter when equipped with droppable fuel tanks under its wings. The P-38 was used most extensively and successfully in the Pacific Theater of Operations and the China-Burma-India Theater of Operations, where it was flown by the American pilots with the highest number of aerial victories to this date. The Lightning called "Marge" was flown by the ace of aces Richard Bong who earned 40 victories. Second with 38 was Thomas McGuire in his aircraft called "Pudgy". In the South West Pacific theater, it was a primary fighter of United States Army Air Forces until the appearance of large numbers of P-51D Mustangs toward the end of the war. [4][5] 1 Design and development Lockheed YP-38 (1943) Lockheed designed the P-38 in response to a 1937 United States Army Air Corps request for a high- altitude interceptor aircraft, capable of 360 miles per hour at an altitude of 20,000 feet, (580 km/h at 6100 m).[6] The Bell P-39 Airacobra and the Curtiss P-40 Warhawk were also designed to meet the same requirements.
    [Show full text]
  • Aircraft Collection
    A, AIR & SPA ID SE CE MU REP SEU INT M AIRCRAFT COLLECTION From the Avenger torpedo bomber, a stalwart from Intrepid’s World War II service, to the A-12, the spy plane from the Cold War, this collection reflects some of the GREATEST ACHIEVEMENTS IN MILITARY AVIATION. Photo: Liam Marshall TABLE OF CONTENTS Bombers / Attack Fighters Multirole Helicopters Reconnaissance / Surveillance Trainers OV-101 Enterprise Concorde Aircraft Restoration Hangar Photo: Liam Marshall BOMBERS/ATTACK The basic mission of the aircraft carrier is to project the U.S. Navy’s military strength far beyond our shores. These warships are primarily deployed to deter aggression and protect American strategic interests. Should deterrence fail, the carrier’s bombers and attack aircraft engage in vital operations to support other forces. The collection includes the 1940-designed Grumman TBM Avenger of World War II. Also on display is the Douglas A-1 Skyraider, a true workhorse of the 1950s and ‘60s, as well as the Douglas A-4 Skyhawk and Grumman A-6 Intruder, stalwarts of the Vietnam War. Photo: Collection of the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum GRUMMAN / EASTERNGRUMMAN AIRCRAFT AVENGER TBM-3E GRUMMAN/EASTERN AIRCRAFT TBM-3E AVENGER TORPEDO BOMBER First flown in 1941 and introduced operationally in June 1942, the Avenger became the U.S. Navy’s standard torpedo bomber throughout World War II, with more than 9,836 constructed. Originally built as the TBF by Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation, they were affectionately nicknamed “Turkeys” for their somewhat ungainly appearance. Bomber Torpedo In 1943 Grumman was tasked to build the F6F Hellcat fighter for the Navy.
    [Show full text]
  • Lightweight Fighter Aircraft Program
    / C '3 3 'GOVERNMENT Senate Hearing^ Storage Before the Committee on Appro priation s Y)t )C U M r HTS -------- -------------- L ig h tw e ig h t F ig h te r A ir c ra ft P ro g ra m . T 0 7 6 MAY 1 ? 1975 t h ^ ta« un^ X s,ty KANSA o Lightweight Fighter Aircraft Program m in H < —'— J- □ " 1 □ IT Fis ca l Y ear 1976 H H < 94“ CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION LIGHTWEIGHT FIGH TER AIRC RA FT PROGRAM H E A R IN G BEFORE A SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE NIN ETY-F OURTH CONGRESS F IR ST SE SS IO N Printed for the use of the Committee on Appropriations U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 52-600 0 WASHINGTON : 1975 SU BC OM MITTE E OF THE CO MMIT TE E ON APP ROPR IA TIO NS JO HN L. McC LE LL AN , A rk an sa s, C hair m an JO HN C. ST EN NIS , Mississ ippi MILTO N R. YOUNG, Nor th Dak ot a JO HN O. PA ST OR E, Rhode Island ROMAN L. HR US KA , Neb ra sk a WA RREN G. MAGNUSON, W as hing ton CL IF FO RD I’. CA SE, New Je rs ey MIK E MANS FIEL D, M on tana HIRA M L. FON G, Haw aii GALE W. Mc GE E, Wyomi ng TE D ST EV EN S, Alaska WILL IAM I’ROX MIRE, Wisco nsin RICH AR D S.
    [Show full text]
  • F—18 Navy Air Combat Fighter
    74 /2 >Af ^y - Senate H e a r tn ^ f^ n 12]$ Before the Committee on Appro priations (,() \ ER WIIA Storage ime nts F EB 1 2 « T H e -,M<rUN‘U«sni KAN S A S S F—18 Na vy Air Com bat Fighter Fiscal Year 1976 th CONGRESS, FIRS T SES SION H .R . 986 1 SPECIAL HEARING F - 1 8 NA VY AIR CO MBA T FIG H TER HEARING BEFORE A SUBC OMMITTEE OF THE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE NIN ETY-FOURTH CONGRESS FIR ST SE SS IO N ON H .R . 9 8 6 1 AN ACT MAKIN G APP ROPR IA TIO NS FO R THE DEP ARTM EN T OF D EFEN SE FO R T H E FI SC AL YEA R EN DI NG JU N E 30, 1976, AND TH E PE RIO D BE GIN NIN G JU LY 1, 1976, AN D EN DI NG SEPT EM BER 30, 1976, AND FO R OTH ER PU RP OSE S P ri nte d fo r th e use of th e Com mittee on App ro pr ia tio ns SPECIAL HEARING U.S. GOVERNM ENT PRINT ING OFF ICE 60-913 O WASHINGTON : 1976 SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS JOHN L. MCCLELLAN, Ark ans as, Chairman JOH N C. ST ENN IS, Mississippi MILTON R. YOUNG, No rth D ako ta JOH N O. P ASTORE, Rhode Island ROMAN L. HRUSKA, N ebraska WARREN G. MAGNUSON, Washin gton CLIFFORD I’. CASE, New Je rse y MIK E MANSFIEL D, Montana HIRAM L.
    [Show full text]
  • Five Priorities for the Air Force's Future Combat Air
    FIVE PRIORITIES FOR THE AIR FORCE’S FUTURE COMBAT AIR FORCE MARK GUNZINGER CARL REHBERG LUKAS AUTENRIED FIVE PRIORITIES FOR THE AIR FORCE’S FUTURE COMBAT AIR FORCE MARK GUNZINGER CARL REHBERG LUKAS AUTENRIED 2020 ABOUT THE CENTER FOR STRATEGIC AND BUDGETARY ASSESSMENTS (CSBA) The Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments is an independent, nonpartisan policy research institute established to promote innovative thinking and debate about national security strategy and investment options. CSBA’s analysis focuses on key questions related to existing and emerging threats to U.S. national security, and its goal is to enable policymakers to make informed decisions on matters of strategy, security policy, and resource allocation. ©2020 Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. All rights reserved. ABOUT THE AUTHORS Mark Gunzinger is a Non-resident Senior Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. Mr. Gunzinger has served as the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Forces, Transformation and Resources. A retired Air Force Colonel and Command Pilot, he joined the Office of the Secretary of Defense in 2004. Mark was appointed to the Senior Executive Service and served as Principal Director of the Department’s central staff for the 2006 Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR). Following the QDR, he served as Director for Defense Transformation, Force Planning and Resources on the National Security Council staff. Mr. Gunzinger holds an M.S. in National Security Strategy from the National War College, a Master of Airpower Art and Science degree from the School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, an M.P.A. from Central Michigan University, and a B.S.
    [Show full text]