Extensions of Remarks 33931

November 12, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 33931

NOMINATIONS ignated by the President in the grade of under provisions of title 10, United States lieutenant general under the provisions of Code, sections 593 (a) and 3392: Executive nominations received by the section 8066, title 10 of the United States To be major general Senate, November 12, 1969: Code. IN THE AIR FORCE IN THE ARMY Brig. Gen. Joseph G. M ay, xxx-xx-xxxx , Adjutant General's Corps. Maj. Gen. Royal B. Allison, xxx-xx-xxxx FR, The A rmy N ational Guard of the United R egular A ir Force to be assigned to posi- States officers named herein for promotion as Brig. Gen. LaClair A. M elhouse, xxx-xx-x... tions of importance and responsibility des- Reserve commissioned officers of the Army, xxx-... , Adjutant General's Corps.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

EDUCATION TAX EXEMPTIONS lic support in this area, if we would meet In a rapidly changing world, where our drastic needs. young generation is being buffeted by I realize there are some people who do unprecedented influences pulling them in HON. PHILIP J. PHILBIN not want such a program, and there are all directions away from safe moorings, OF MASSACHUSETTS those who think we are doing enough. Congress must stick to basic fundamen- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES B ut the plain fact is that m any very tal principles and techniques that have bright, promising boys and girls and their been responsible for the growth and suc- Wednesday, November 12, 1969 families are having a desperate struggle cess of this great free system of ours in Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Speaker, with ref- to get a college education, and I think guarding our liberties and making possi- erence to the pending proposal to amend the Congress must be willing to take the ble unprecedented prosperity and well- the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 to bull by the horns, and put enough money being. allow credit against income tax to in- into this program in order to educate the We would be foolish, indeed, to scrap dividuals for certain expenses incurred millions of young people who are quali- the things that have made us great, just in providing higher education, I am fied, deserving, and seeking higher learn- because we have some people in the coun- strongly convinced that this bill, which I ing at all levels, to fit themselves for busi- try who think the ideas of K arl M arx am cosponsoring in the House, or some- ness and the professions. are superior to those which built our un- thing based on its principles, is neces- Obviously, tax relief for their parents rivalled free economy and libertarian in- sary to m eet urgent needs of parents is one way by which these burdens can be stitutions, which have served us so well, struggling these days to provide their lightened for millions of American fam- and which can be changed and adjusted children with higher education. ilies. Other steps are necessary, including to any need that m ay develop in our The previous experience of Congress large funds for loans and grants for pro- society without pulling basic principles concerning legislation of this kind, for grams providing scholarships, aid and up by the roots and without letting them one reason or another has not been very jobs for the students. pass us by. successful. House and Senate committees I hope that the Ways and Means Com- Let us go forward across a broad front have, apparently, not been convinced of mittee, and its counterpart on the other with policies, programs, and measures the need or practicability of this legisla- side of the C apitol, will take a sharp, designed to provide primary, elementary, tion. sympathetic look at this problem, and secondary, higher, and professional edu- The Senate wisely inserted an amend- come up with some real, generous, ade- cation for the children and the youth ment to H.R. 6950 during the 90th Con- quate help for our young people, and of this country. gress, and, as is often the case with these their folks, so they can be assured of get- Let us change our laws and our in- matters, it was deleted in the conference ting a good college education without stitutions in every w ay that m ay be at a time when it was well on its way to bankrupting their families and causing sound and necessary to meet and solve becoming law. This was lamentable. their parents concern and frustration our problems. Let us enact such laws as I would not belabor the point of the because they are not able to help them as we may need to serve our social programs vastly increased cost of modern, college they would like to do, or cannot help at appropriate levels, and provide fully education with regard to secondary and them adequately at all. and adequately for the health, education, higher levels. It is truly prodigious. This I com plim ent m y colleagues in the and well-being of the American people cost has been rising in leaps and bounds, House and other people who have given of every age. getting far beyond the means of a great so much attention to this problem, and Let us keep our great country free and many people in our society, who are in- hope that before long some reason, and prosperous, with opportunities for all tent upon educating their promising boys understanding, and generosity of spirit who aspire to them, a place where lib- and girls. will take hold here in the Congress to put erty, individual rights, and equality un- The situation in regard to this soaring these education program s on a solid, der the law in an ordered society shall expense is somewhat akin to that obtain- funding basis, so they can meet the needs be the lot of our humblest fellowmen and ing in medical and hospital costs, in that of our young people aspiring to higher, women. the rich and the poor, for different rea- academ ic training. N o other nation sons, have it easier. In the case of the should be ahead of us in education, or rich, there is no serious problem, and the in anything else that is needed. INDONESIAN JOINT VENTURE poor, though grievously burdened, are in I realize that fixing taxing credits is OPERATION HAILED a position to obtain scholarship benefits a complex, intricate problem that must and other aid for their young folks, even be accomplished by experts in this field though their struggles and sacrifices are attached to our committees, the Internal HON. HUGH SCOTT great. Revenue Service, academic and lay tax It is th e ra n k a n d file in m id d le - experts, whose views should be consid- OF P ENNSYL VANIA income groups, so to speak, who have the ered and carefully weighed, and written IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES majority of eligible scholars, who are into law. Wednesday, November 12, 1969 harried and handicapped by the heavy The im portant thing is to m ake the Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, recently burdens of prohibitive, rising costs of credits substantial enough to relieve par- M r. Julius Tahija, chairman of the Pa- higher education. ents who are contributing as much as cific Indonesia Businessmen Association With about 50 percent of high school they can to the higher education of their Investment Promotion Council, delivered graduates planning to attend colleges children. a most thoughtful address to the Amer- these days, and this percentage, fortu- I realize, of course, that this must be ican Management Conference. While his nately rising every day, almost 8 million done without imposing unabsorbable loss concern was primarily with the impact college students are pursuing advanced, of tax revenues that would put our basic of American management on a growing college education, and the huge sum that tax bills out of line, though I do not be- Indonesia, his ideas have wide import- is required to defray its costs cannot pos- lieve this would necessarily follow, if ance for the continuing development of sibly in all or even a high percentage of proper expertise is exercised by our com- enlightened social policy on the part of cases, be met by the family of young mittees, their gifted advisers and other American business throughout the world. students, and we must have massive, pub- available experts. I commend this address to Senators and 33932 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 12, 1969 ask unanimous consent that it be printed simultaneously certain responsibilities to the responsibilities, if we wish to realize the in the RECORD: private sector, irrespective whether Foreign or maximum potential of our business. There being no objection, the address Domestic. The newly born Indonesian busi­ Some managers do either ignore or overlook ness world and management hopes to share this new relationship between the business was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, in and benefit from the experience gained by world and the world we live in. They are as follows: the American Management. It is for this rea­ heading for trouble and will fall by the INDONESIAN JOINT VENTURE OPERATIONS son why we welcome the seminar of A.M.A., wayside, because the "Good Old Days" of HAU..ED the meetings organized by S.R.I. and the ac­ profit, with no considerations for political (By Julius Tahija) tivities of N.I.C.B. and human factors, are gone. At present the largest investment com­ However, I know there are a substantial During the Pacific Industrial Conference mitted in Indonesia comes from the U.S.A. in Sydney in April 1967, sponsored by the number of managers who do comprehend cur­ This means that American Management will rent developments and react most positively. S.R.I., I stated: play an important role in Indonesia. In fact, ". . . The Indonesia of today is a chal­ Perhaps now we should take a look at the American Management has exercised a great role of American Management not only in lenge to the established Private Business influence in the promotion of private enter­ World that we, participants to this Con­ the developing areas such as Indonesia but prise all over the world. That American Man­ also their overall policies within the U.S. ference, represent. agement has been successful in expanding Will we take up the challenge? For whatever actions American business takes American business interest where private in the United States will very much affect We who · uve with the current problems enterprise is welcomed, is beyond any doubt. in Indonesia each day see clearly this chal· the developing countries. The methods and In a way it has been a blessing in disguise creativity of American Management have lenge. However, sometimes it seems to us that the domestic private enterprise in Indo­ that a large part of the business and political been responsible for the success of Ame::.~can leaders of this world who preach the virtues nesia had to start almost over again since business established in other countries. 1966 with new methods, new perspective, new This success has left a great impact in of democracy and free enterprise, hesitate. goals. They hesitate to display the very moral many of the host countries and has been courage, self-confidence and enterprising American Management in Indonesia can responsible for the fact that the host coun­ spirit of the private entrepreneur. Are they contribute very much by sharing her experi­ tries and their people do expect mucl: from ence with the newly born private enterprise the American Management, such as Ameri­ interested in investing their judgment, their in Indonesia. thoughts, time and money in the developing can expertise, efficiency, fo.resightedness, in­ nations? Such investment, as you are well There 1s a completely new relationship ventiveness, etc. To the host countries Amer­ aware, is vital and indispensable to keep this emerging between the business world and the ican Management reflects the basic thinking world truly free. world in which we live. The businessman is e.nd aspirations of the American nation and At that time, I would not have dared to no longer only responsible for the economics people. predict the tremendous response of inter­ of his enterprise. He can no longer think Current political, social and economic de­ national Private Enterprise to this challenge. just of the profit picture this year and next. velopments in the world, but particularly The success so far in attracting Overseas and Let us now take the case of considering a in the U.S., have raised such questions as: Governmental investment and aid to Indo­ joint venture in Indonesia today. The busi­ "How are conditions within the U.S., today nesia should also be attributed to what has nessman must consider that the policies he and tomorrow? How much do events here been expressed by His Excellency, Sultan makes today will take iLto account the grow­ have an impact on us outside the United Hamengku Buwono IX at the S.R.I. Dja­ ing vitality and economic and political aware­ States who do believe in the cause of private karta meeting on August 2, 1967, and im­ ness of the Indonesian people and of Indo­ enterprise and democracy?" plemented by the Indonesian Government: nesia's place in the world in the years ahead. Management starts at the birth of an in­ "No matter how great the desire of the As Indonesia grows economically, developing dividual. The kind of family and social en­ outside world to help Indonesia and how­ her resources, as her people learn the skills vironment in which a young person is ever important overseas credit and foreign and knowledge of the business world, so the brought up will have a major effect on how investment, the overcoming of our economic Indonesian people will become very acutely perceptive a human being and businessman weakness and especially our economic de­ aware of what is fair to them, what is a "good he Will be in the future. velopment must be based on the determina­ deal" for them in joint ventures. What role is being played by the American tion to surmount these problems with our Thus it is vital that the joint ventures Management in surmounting the problems own forces, beginning by putting our own which are made today are contracts which in the U.S.A. such as the inflationary trend, economic house in order ourselves." five or ten years from now will still look fair minority problems, the seemingly uncon­ This we have now begun to accomplish. to the Indonesian people when the economic trolled expression of emotions, but most of First we have had the foreign Investment situation will be far brighter. Today, as there all, the overcoming of disunity? Law in January 1967. Now inftation is cut is such an immediate necessity for fertilizer Unity is one of the strongest character­ very sharply. plants, consumer products and other baste istics we do most admire in the American The result has indeed been most gratify­ manufacturing industries to cut down on the people. In no other management but the ing, to see what has taken place in the field large imports of these necessary products, American Management can everyone con­ of foreign investment in Indonesia. Indonesia, might be pressed to accept con­ cerned express his views so freely, but once In order to ensure social and political sta­ tracts which, though in the deep need today a decision has been made, everyone includ­ bility while promoting Foreign Investment may look fairly good, will not be so tn the ing those who have held a different opinion, in Indonesia, the Government in Indonesia light of probably a better economic future of will loyally and Without reservation imple­ has wisely also promulgated and is imple­ Indonesia in 5 or 10 years. Then t:_e people ment the decision. The team work and team menting a Domestic Investment Law. It is of Indonesia may say, how could you make spirit Without suppressing certain demo­ important that the growth of Overseas in­ this contract, it is not fair to us now and cratic principles, are the most commenda­ vestment goes hand in hand with the de­ that might cause political problems. ble features of American Management. velopment and growth of domestic private As private businessmen we all naturally It is in this human and social field Within capital and expertise. After all, private enter­ need to make a profit. That is basic to the which we feel that American Management prise, whether domestic or foreign, operates free enterprise system. But today there are not only can, but must operate to keep free on the same basic principles. also other considerations. As the world is enterprise free in today's world. It is vital that small and large indigenous changing so rapidly, profit to be sustained, Many of us outside the U.S. count on the businesses have the opportunity to flourish may have to be less quickly made. Business success of American Management in solving as well as foreign and joint ventures. This must become more enlightened to ensure within the U.S. these domestic, social and is a prerequisite for a strong political sta­ that there will be steady profits Within a fa­ economic problems. bility with the citizen of Indonesia feeling vorable political climate in the years ahead. The governments and peoples of the de­ and experiencing in his own life the advan­ Even in the United States this appears to veloping countries look to the monetary suc­ tages of the free economic system, in better be true. cess of the United States. However, they also opportunities to provide more for his family. The businessman's environment holds him watch to determine the happiness and indi­ This is the objective of private enterprise responsible for the general welfare of the vidual fulfillment that that money has given truly built on a firm foundation. environment in which he operates. Unless to your people. When the events in October 1965 took the people of any community can physically Naturally, we Indonesians and other de­ place, private enterprise in Indonesia was al­ enjoy, directly or indirectly, the benefits veloping peoples must ourselves adapt the most non-existent. It was only a matter of created by the presence of business ventures free enterprise example of the United States time before private enterprise would have operating in that community, the days of pri­ to our own mores and culture. It is a neces­ been totally annihilated. Having gone vate enterprise are limited. sity of which we in Indonesia are very con­ through so much frustration, intimidation The business world is being called upon to scious, that we meld our Indonesian family and anxiety, private enterprise in Indonesia participate in many activities of national living, spirituality, and culture into the best now does appreciate the fact that the pres­ concern that previously have been the exclu­ of the modern developments. Only in this ent Indonesian Government, headed by Pres­ sive domain of government--social, educa­ way can we try to give our people, as best ident Sukarno, is offering every possible fa­ tional, and other non-profit developments. possible, within all our human frailities, in cility and opportunity for private enterprise No longer is it enough to be imaginative and government and in business, the best of both to actively participate in the development of inventive in our technological research, but worlds. That is our responsibility. Indonesia's economic growth. we have to be competitively creative in meet­ However, as we are only beginning to build This opportunity offered to us, brings ing the challenge Of our new environmental our foundation of a better economic and November 1.2, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 33933 bus!ness structure in Indonesia, some of the siderable strides toward modernization bear the responsibility for improvement present cultural and social developments in in her two decades of independence. The in the future. the U.S., despite the high standard of eco­ gross national product has grown by The simple, stark truth is this: We nomic living may give new ammunition to about 10 percent in the last 5 years, and have not committed ourselves to the con­ those who are staunch opponents of free enterprise. the transportation network has expand­ cept of providing equality of educational So you see what happens in the United ed with the construction of roads, rail­ opportunity for all children-an educa­ States does affect us in the immediate future, roads, and a modern airport. tion based on the unique needs of the as to how enlightened you are and how much Prince Sihanouk's imaginative pro­ child, rather than a single stereotype. you look to the long run s.tability of society. posals for the future, such as the Siha­ The problem as it pertains to the Thus your enlightened social- business noukville Free Port Zone, are not only handicapped is serious, particularly be­ policy in the United States and in other de­ sure to increase foreign investment in cause it is generally true that education veloping countries at this time will keep free enterprise alive in the years ahead and Cambodia, but also to increase her con­ for the handicapped can only be as good it is a necessity for the long term survival siderable attractiveness as a tour! ~ .. cen­ as our Nation's commitment to and suc­ of not only American business, but also pri­ ter. Cambodia's historical temples and cess in providing adequate education vate enterprise in this world. lovely capital have already proved ir­ for the so-called masses of normal chil­ We believe that the free enterprise sys­ resistible to tourists from .around the dren. tem with a full social consciousness, modi­ world. Our failure to guarantee adequate in­ fied by each country to meld with its in­ Nor has Cambodia neglected her own structional services to handicapped digenous culture is the best system to give citizens. The wealth in Cambodia is more children not only inflicts undue hardship the most food and work and leisure time to the people. Always there are inequities, as evenly distributed than in most other upon the child and his family, but afflicts we are all human. As the late Jack Kennedy Asian countries, and as a result of the the Nation as a whole. As adults, for said, "Life is not fair." But let us together Prince's frequent visits throughout his example, our handicapped children to­ try to make life as fair as possible. Since we country, each town has its schools, parks, day would have an earning capacity of do have a common goal and objective, we and development schemes. The emphasis more than $15 billion. need the help of each other. We need your on education since independence has pro­ The problem is well stated in the Ker­ expertise and monetary assistance now and duced a dramatic drop in illiteracy; to­ ner Commission Report on Civil Dis­ you need our vitality and stability for the day, only 2 percent of the population future. orders: I hope you understand why we are in­ cannot read or write. A 1963 survey of Chicago Public Schools tensely interested in the conditions in the With the care that he has shown in showed that the condition creating the United States today and in the future of the both domestic policy and foreign rela­ highest amount of dissatisfaction among American Nation. We cannot remain indif­ tions, Prince Sihanouk is certain to lead teachers was the lack of adequate provision ferent in this respect since any weakening in his country toward increasing prosperity for the treatment of maladjusted, retarded American unity and stability also affects us for the future. With the balanced ap­ and disturbed pupils. About 79 % of ele­ who do believe, as you do, in private enter­ mentary school teachers and 67 % of high prise and democracy. proach toward different parts of his own school teachers named this item as a key Thank you. country that he has shown towar1 other factor. The need for professional support in nations of the world, the Prince will be dealing with the extraordinary problems is able to unify political factions and sub­ seldom, if ever, met. SALUTE TO CAMBODIAN due internal threats to Cambodia's INDEPENDENCE stability. We can all point with pride to the­ We in the United States look forward achievements of people like Helen Keller to future decades of Cambodian in­ and others who, with handicaps, made HON. ADAM C. POWELL dependence in anticipation that the rela­ significant contributions to our ccuntry. With an adequate educational founda­ OF NEW YORK tions between our two countries will tion, many more of our Nation's handi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES prove cordial and enduring. Let us hope that the recent resumption of diplomatic capped today could also achieve more Wednesday, November 12, 1969 relations between our nations augurs a active and useful lives and the independ­ Mr. POWELL. Mr. Speaker, on Novem­ new era of cooperation and understand­ ence, security, and dignity to which they ber 8, 20 years ago, Cambodia was grant­ ing between the United States and are entitled. ed control over her own internal affairs. Cambodia. COST COMPARISON Four years later, Cambodia was granted Realistically, we must wrestle with the total independence. Since that time, un­ omnipresent financial question. What der the skillful leadership of Prince No­ EDUCATION FOR THE NATION'S will it cost if we need to support the rodom Sihanouk, Cambodia has main­ HANDICAPPED handicapped as wards of society, rather tained her independence and neutrality than providing them with the opportu­ in a part of the world where their con­ HON. ROBERT DOLE nity to become productive contributors? tinued existence requires adept diplo­ The costs of lifetime residential care for macy and force of will. Like their Khmer OF KANSAS the handicapped are overwhelming. It ancestors, the Cambodians of today must IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES can cost as much as $200,000 to support be recognized for their proud and influ­ Wednesday, November 12, 1969 a handicapped person in a residential ential voice in Southeast Asian affairs. setting. On the other hand, $20,000 pro­ Small though it is, Cambodia has ex­ Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, in our Na­ vides a full elementary and secondary emplified the unusual ability to get along tion, education has become the major education to a handicapped child. with its Asian neighbors, despite various route to full participation in society. ideologies and quarrels. A longtime cham­ It is appropriate during this National STILL NEEDS DESPITE PROGRESS pion of a neutral Southeast Asia, Prince Education Week that we consider the Mr. President, it cannot be denied that Sihanouk has attempted to live in peace needs of between five and seven million America has achieved much toward ex­ with all of his neighbors, realizing that American children whose handicapping pending educational opportunity for war can only damage the area's hopes for conditions are severe enough to limit handicapped youth in the last decade. development and stability. So precious their ability to profit from regular edu­ Ten years ago, only 15 percent received has Cambodia's neutrality been that she cation programs. educational services; today, 33 percent has proved herself willing to forgo sub­ However, only one third of our handi­ of our handicapped youth are receiving stantial amounts of foreign aid to avoid capped youths are receiving an education educational assistance. Ten years ago, compromising her international position. that will provide them with the basic there were only 15,000 teachers of the Cambodia's recently reactivated mem­ skills they need to become active, pro­ handicapped; today 83,000 men and bership in the Asian Development Bank ductive citizens. women are deeply and daily involved in and her new membership in the Inter­ My remarks are not intended to be a education of the handicapped. national Monetary Fund augur well for blanket condemnation of the public The challenge today is to direct our her economic future. schools of our Nation, since the problems energies toward guaranteeing every child Despite the financial hindrance caused they face are staggering. Rather I be­ the education he needs. The hour is past by reluctance to be tied by the strings lieve we must all share the guilt for the when we can tell parents the door is of foreign aid, Cambodia has made con- present situation as indeed we must all barred to their children because facili- 33934 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 12, 1969 ties, teachers, and otJ;ler resources are The valid concept behind this program CONCLUSION not available. is development of programs and mate­ we know that two out of three hand·· we must find and pursue new ways to rials designed to meet the unique needs icapped children are not receiving spe­ do the job. of preschool handicapped children, to cial education assistance. FIRST SENATE SPEECH prepare personnel to work with such We know that more than 300,000 addi­ children, to provide parents with coun­ tional teachers are needed. In my first major Senate speech, on seling and guidance and to inform and April 14, I suggested the creation of .a We know the States are 11ow spend­ stimulate the community to the prob­ ing about $1 billion to provide education Presidential Task Force on the Handi­ lems of handicapped children and their capped to review the e~orts ~he pub­ for the handicapped, with estimates that o! possible solutions. they need an additional $2 billion. lic and private sectors m providmg serv­ In addition, the Senate last year con­ ices for the handicapped and to recom­ The impact of our 6 million handi­ cluded that less than 1 percent of voca­ capped children on their families, mend how the job can be better done. tional education resources were available I am pleased that President Nixon has schools, .and communities is deep and to the handicapped and thus required wide. appointed a Task Force on the Physically expansion. Handicapped which is working now to That any educable child-handi­ While Congress has provided some capped or unhandicapped-does not re­ pinpoint major pro~lem. areas and to leadership it is time that we all address suggest remedial legislative and volun­ ceive an education irreparably cuts ourselves to the full range of educational against the grain of the very heritage and tary action. We can all look for":ard to programs that are needed. their recommendations on educatiOn for hope of the Nation. the handicapped. SOME NEEDED PROGRAMS We must develop ways to guarantee I am also hopeful that the President THE SILENT MAJORITY will appoint a similar task ~orce on the that every parent who learns that his mentally handicapped to mclude the child suffers from a handicapping condi­ same kind of in-depth review and recom­ tion, has services available to help his HON. JOHN T. MYERS mendations for the educational needs of child develop to the fullest extent pos­ those suffering from mental illness and sible. OF INDIANA mental retardation. We must develop the capabilities to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES guarantee that every adult can ·partic~­ Wednesday, November 12, 1969 EDUCATION: CONTINUING PROCESS pate fully in all educational opportuni­ In my judgment, there are three major ties regardless of the particular disabil­ Mr. MYERS. Mr. Speaker, there has areas which demand consideration and ity. been much written and said recently commitment if we are to improve educa­ We must assure the dissemination of about the silent majority. I want to share tional services for the handicapped. key information on technological ad­ with you a description of that dedicated First, education does not arbitrarily vances and vocational opportunities, and group of loyal Americans written by M~. begin at age 6 and end at age 18, but the means to coordinate these services. John K. Lamb, civic leader and busi­ rather is a continuing life process. Our nessman in Terre Haute, Ind. His letter, institutions of formal education have CHANGING PUBLIC ATTITUDES signed a "Concerned American," ap­ been generally created and confined to a Second to fully assimilate the handi­ peared on the front page of the Terre more fixed span of life. capped i~to our society, education is Haute Star on Monday, November 10, we have also generally accepted the going to have to play a major role in 1969. family and community as providers of changing public attitudes toward the The letter follows: handicapped. Noted sociologist Erving stimulation and development necessary THE SILENT MAJORITY during the early and later years of life. Goffman has pointed out that a person is The silent majority works 8 to 10 hours Yet during the past quarter century, we only handicapped in the eyes of his each day and has little time to organize or have all witnessed increased interest in fellowmen, and it is their attitudes ti:at participate in protests against anything or development of preschool and adult edu­ will determine the extent of the dis­ anybody-nor has it the money since it must cation programs, community colleges, ability. pay a substantial portion of its hard-earned and various forms of manpower train­ Too often we tend to look at and try money to support the very institutions to solve a problem in isolation. For ex­ which the protestors would desecrate and ing for more capable members of our destroy. society. ample, we provide technological train­ ing to the handicapped individual, some­ The silent majority believes in the right to YET LITTLE FOR THE HANDICAPPED times forgetting that an employer may dissent-believes in that right so strongly Yet little has been initiated and ac­ that it has tolerated the spectacle of an be unwilling to hire him because of the ex-university president plastered with pie as complished in these areas for the handi­ stigma of his handicap . and regardless he attempted to address a student audience. capped. of his skills. A child on crutches may be It has suffered in shame as a former secre­ A child who is born handicapped suf­ barred from a swimming pool without tary of state was subjected to humiliation fers great deprivation, and without the the chance to demonstrate that he can by a howling mob. The majority has stood resources of highly skilled professionals swim. still as campus after campus has been made he will have little opportunity to gain With greater public sensitivity to the an arena---.as administrative offices have been from his family and community the skills overrun and seized by mobs or disrupters abilities and disabilities of the handi­ and despoilers who would negate 200 years needed to function within the educa­ cap'ped, we can reach the objective of of progressive efforts and who offer not one tional system. enabling every individual to participate single constructive idea nor a method to im­ The same is true for the person who fully in society. plement it even if they had one. As they make becomes handicapped in later years and SEE WHAT WE HAVE DONE a mockery of our Bill of Rights they clothe is denied access to the normal channels Third, I think we need to examine themselves in its protection. or reeducation and forced to select from They would have us write off 40,000 young limited training and employment oppor­ carefully the direction, substance, fol­ Americans who have died in an unpopular tunities. lowup anci success of the efforts which war. They would say to a quarter of a million we h~ve undertaken to date. This in­ wounded that their sacrifice was a stupid If continuous educational opportuni­ cludes all levels of government and the gesture in subservience to established tyran­ ties are important for the average Amer­ private, voluntary sector. ny when they themselves constitute the real ican, they are imperative for our handi­ To date, for example, Congress has tyranny. They say to the parents of those capped citizens. heroic dead and maimed that the sacrifice to authorized considerable program devel­ their nation was in support o.f an establish­ SENATE ACTION opment. There now exists authority for ment which fosters war and is imperialist The Senate has shown leadership in State grants-in-aid, preschool educa­ in nature. We have watched in disbelief as recognizing this problem. tion recruitment and information pro­ dissenters display the enemy flag and we lis­ Last year this body initiated the gra~s. regional resource centers, media ten in dismay as they support victory for the Handicapped Children's Early Educa­ centers for the deaf-blind, personnel same enemy-all these and more the silent training, research, and vocational edu­ majority has suffered in silence in its dedica­ tion Assistance Act for the purposes of tion to that right to dissent. establishing experimental and demon­ cation. The true record will show that no nation stration centers throughout the Nation We have not, however, committed sub­ in recorded time has been so quick to forgive; for the education of preschool handi­ stantial financial resources to these no nation so generous in its efforts to reha• capped children. programs. bilitate those who have attacked it. November 12, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 33935 The silent majority resents the implication company me on my trips to lay·flowers on his lately serves a greater share of our pop­ of the moratorium and other such antics­ grave. ulace every day. There is no accurate the implication that the silent majority is My son was killed while fighting for his not for peace. The fact is that the majority country. way of estimating the figure because does want peace but a peace with honor. The America cannot be permitted to perpetu­ many do not belong to stamp clubs, but majority implements that desire by sup­ ally persuade its citizens to instill in their the total is reported a'pproaching 10 mil­ porting our men and our government. It dem­ sons a sense of patriotism, loyalty and a lion in the United States alone, with half onstrates its belief in a.nd affection for our determination to defend the oppressed, and again as many elsewhere in the world. way of life by keeping order _in its own ranks then, after the sons have died, suddenly Two Postmasters General gave Mrs. and going about its daily business. Concerned, change her mind and yield to those who Brizendine the highest awards which the yes. Worried, yes. Deploring the necessity of killed them. Department could bestow upon an em­ involvement in Asia, yes; but certain that Most of the peace demoil.Sitra tions and our leadership will find ari honorable solu­ name-reading ceremonies across this nation ployee. These were well-deserved recog­ tion with which we can live and preserve our are an obvious propaganda device designed nition of her endless devotion to duty in integrity and self-respect. to influence the President of the United a role that required much tact and rea­ The silent majority believes these to be the States into surrendering SoUth VietNam to sonableness in dealing with the public. most trying days since our civil war and is an enemy which admittedly and openly seeks Mrs. Brizendine leaves the Department convinced that strong leadership is a para­ to conquer it by any and all means. with a distinguished record of achieve­ mount ingredient in any formula for peace When they read my son's name to advocate ment, and those of us who have had an with honor. peace at any price-the price being defeat­ It believes that honorable peace can be at­ opportunity to be associated more closely let them remember that he whose name they with her i::. her work will miss her cheer­ tained only through strength, tempered with read did not surrender. compassion and good will. When these pretentious mourners read my ful and helpful assistance as she went The silent majority supports the president son's name, let them realize that thelr grief about supervising the Department's of the United States in his dedication to the would be better served if applied to the Viet mushrooming philatelic activity. accomplishment of peace with honor-a Cong whose flag they wave even as they burn Mr. S'peaker, Belmon,t Faries, stamp peace which will assure the safety of our the one which graced my son's casket. Let editor of the Washington, D.C., Star, and friends in Vietnam and the early return of them apply their bogus sorrow to those ag­ a member of the Citizens' Advisory our gallant American fighting men. gressors felled by my son as he won his post­ CONCERNED AMERICAN. Committee on Philately, has devoted his humous Silver Star for heroism in ground entire November 9 column to Mrs. Briz­ combat. And when they read the name of my son, endine, as follows: let them know that he advocated an increase VIRGINIA BRIZENDINE RETIRES A FATHER WRITES TO in the bombing of the ammunition depots in (By Belmont Faries) DEMONSTRATORS North VietNam-not a cessation so that his Wednesday will be Mrs. Virginia Brizen­ enemy would receive unlimited war supplies dine's last day as director of the Division of with which to kill them. Philately, the position which is, for stamp HON. GEORGE A. GOODLING When they read the name of Gregory Mal­ collectors at least, the most important in the colm Thompson, let them realize that they OF PENNSYLVANIA Post Office Department. are proving before the world the truth of After 33 years in the postal service, an of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the oft-repeated Communist claim that many­ them in jobs connected with stamps, she is Wednesday, November 12, 1969 Americans have become soft, decadent and leaving to make her home in Florida. Tomor­ yielding to any determined force which row night many of her friends wm gather at Mr. GOODLING. Mr. Speaker, this is a opposes them. Blackie's House of Beef, 22nd and M Streets, season of demonstrations, and many And when these weak, gullible ones read for a farewell dinner arranged by Robert C. times in the process of demonstrations, his name in their avowed pursuit of peace, let Graebner, who can be reached by phone at the demonstrators read off the names of them remember tha.t a peace purchased at 247-1434. American military personnel who lost the price of surrender is but a brief Munich­ The former Virginia Gamble attended Guil­ their lives in Vietnam. type peace lasting only until the aggressor's ford College and the Women's College of the appetite demands more victims. University of North Carolina in her home The loss of American lives under any Finally, when these hyprocrites read the town of Greensboro, N.C. In 1936 she began circumstances is, indeed, a tragic thing, list of the dead who defended South Viet her postal career as a Grade 2 stenographer and reference to such losses undoubtedly Nam, let them know that they have reached in the old Division of Stamps. On her first has great emotional impact. Whether or the ultimate low in the world-record of day on the job she had a little trouble spell­ not the use by demonstrators of .the human infamy, in that they willfully and ing an unfamiliar word "philately." She has names of honored American dead is in cunningly utter a dead man's name to had a great many problems involving phi­ good taste is, of course, a moot question. achieve the defeat of the cause for which he lately and philatelists since, but has managed The father of one of our servicemen lost died. to solve most of them to the satisfaction of MALCOLM THOMPSON. both stamp collectors and her postal su­ in Vietnam has written a letter express­ periors. ing his view with respect to this matter. In 1946 she became secretary to the late This letter appeared in the November 8, VIRGINIA BRIZENDINE RETIRES, Robert E. Fellers, then superintendent of 1969, issue of Human Events, and because FRIEND OF STAMP COLLECTORS the Division of Stamps, who for the next 11 it represents the feelings of someone who years, until his retirement in 1957, guided has lost a loved one in this conflict, I the department's philately activities from ·a SUbmit it to the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD HON. THADDEUS J. DULSKI variety of positions ranging up to deputy OF NEW YORK third assistant postmaster general. The work, for the attention of my colleagues: which she has been doing ever since, was ex­ A FATHER WRITES TO DEMONSTRATORS: "WHEN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cellent on-the-job training for the position THEY READ THE NAME OF MY SoN,. Wednesday, November 12, 1969 to which Postmaster General John A. Gron­ (The letter below was written by the father ouski appointed her in 1965, director of the of Pfc. Gregory M. Thompson, an 18-year­ Mr. DULSKI. Mr. S'peaker, a friend of newly reorganized Division of Philately. old Las Vegas (Nev.) high school graduate stamp collectors everywhere, Mrs. Vir­ In it she has been responsible for subject who was killed May 17, 1967, in Viet Nam. ginia Brizendine, is leaving for a new matter and design of new stamps, serving as This letter is reprinted from the Las Vegas home this week. secretary of the Citizens' Stamp Advisory Review Journal, Oct. 16, 1969.) After 33 years in the postal service­ Committee and maintaining liaison with When the peace demonstrators read my the last 23 in the Division of Philately­ stamp artists and the Bureau of FacUlties son's name, let them know how he felt about which is responsible for stamp procurement. the VietNam war, and how the parents who Mrs. Brizendine will retire from Govern­ In addition she has supervised arrange­ shaped him feel about it. ment service today. She has been in a ments for first day ceremonies, processing of It is we, the parents, who said goodbye to key role since 1957 and Director of the first day covers, preparation of philatelic, him when he went away to fight-not the Division since 1965, when it was com­ news release and speeches, the Philatelic Ex­ peace agitators. pletely reorganized. hibition Room, display panels, cooperation It is we, the parents, who wrote long, Mrs. Brizendine actually put in her with stamp shows and correspondence with anxious letters to him during his three retirement papers last February, shortly the public on philatelic matters. months almost continuous combat-not the One of the Government Printing Office's agitators. after new administration took over. But, best sellers, year after year, is "Postage It is the ones who saw,his body returned in at the request of the Postmaster General, Stamps of the United States." It carries no a flag-draped coffin who first should be she agreed to remain temporarily on a by-line, but Mrs. Brizendine has prepared heard-not the protesters. consultant basis. all of the information added since 1946, the These transparent propagandists were not The postal service serves every citizen great bulk of the book. there to see my son buried, nor do they ac .. of our Nation, and the Division of Phi- In 1966 Postmaster General Lawrence F. 33936 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 12, 1969 O'Brien gave her the department's highest are well able to, and desire to purchase their capita wealth. Perhaps the average eligibility career service recognition, the Distinguished own health care programs it is unthinkable, figure will be in the neighborhood of say Service Award, for "dedicated and distin­ in these times of inflation, tax needs and $3,000 or $3,200, where New York with a guished work that has significantly improved revision, and dollar declines. high cos.t of living pegged at say $4,500 for a the quality of the phtlatelic programs of the We are today, providing Federal dollars to family of four, and in the case of some of United States." support more than fifty percent of the cost the poorer States, where living is cheaper, the Late in 1968 Postmaster General Marvin of medicaid, currently coyering 10.2 million figure could be $2,600. Watson proposed her for the award again, individuals. We spend about 4.5 billion Fed­ PART II-THOSE WHO CAN AFFORD TO PURCHASE and finding it could be given an employee eral and State dollars (2.6 billion Federal), THEIR OWN HEALTH PLAN only once, substituted the department's sec­ or approximately $400 per individual. ond highest honor, the Meritorious Service The Rockefeller Plan would have the Fed­ For those Americans with income above Award. eral Government assume the total cost of the eligibility line set in part I of my sugges­ Mrs. Brizendine actually put in her retire­ "medicaid," then make it compulsory for the tion, and in any universal health plan de­ ment papers last February, but was persuaded rest of the population to cover themselves signed by Congress for the more a11luent, I by Postmaster General Winton M. Blount and with private insurance plans-employers, if would oppose any Federal subsidy-with one his special assistant, James Henderson, to any, paying half the cost. Yesterday the single exception: protection against economic stay on as a consultant until the new admin­ American Medical Association suggested both catastrophic type illness. I want to repeat istration was firmly established. a Federal assumption ·of "medicaid" and a that again-for those Americans with in­ Now, with her home in Arlington sold and tax-credit plan giving incentive credits to come above the eligibility line set in part I­ and a new apartment waiting for her in Fort persons who purchase their own insurance, I would oppose any Federal subsidy-with Lauderdale, she is saying her good-byes to her With the size of the credit being related to the lone exception being protection against co-workers in the department and her hun­ the extent of their income. catastrophic-type illness. This is the only area dreds of friends throughout the country. In light of this background of possible where the Federal Government should prop­ No successor has been named. solutions, and based on my own background, erly involve itself With those who are able experience in practice, and evaluation in to care for their own needs. And it should Congress, I would propose a new two-part be noted that catastrophic coverage will need NEW CONCEPT IN HEALTH CARE program-not within the social security sys­ ca.reful definition by the Congress. tem but doing away with medicaid and creat­ Let me give you an example, not by dis­ ing a whole new category. ease category, but by expenditure. Whenever One program that I feel Congress will ac­ an individual or a family is forced by health HON. H. R. GROSS reasons to exhaust their life s·avings, or to OF IOWA cept at this time, would be directed at the "medicaid" type recipient. And another, that mortgage their home, then help is needed, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES you !Jlight wish to consider more thoroughly even it it has to be from their Government 1 Thus Congress might attempt to establish Wednesday, November 12, 1969 at a later date (should Congress decide to institute some type of universal. coverage). a pool from funds supplied for this specific Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, my friend purpose by the financially able public it­ and colleague, the gentleman from Mis­ PART I-MEDICAID self. It could be drawn upon after an in­ souri (Mr. HALL), testified on Tuesday, Currently, there are 10.2 mlllion individ­ dividual or family expended a percentage uals covered by medicaid, all of whom sorely of his or their annual income, and after November 4, before ·the Committee on need medical care protection. The young in having exhausted the benefits of their health Ways and Means on a totally new con­ the A.D.C. program generally don't have high insurance coverage, when such percentage cept in health care. medical expenses. However, the aged are let's say, exceeded 20 percent of the level of The gentleman, a physician and sur­ spending about 40 percent of medicare's last year's adjusted income. Or you may geon himself, is highly qualified to speak total dollars and about 30 percent of the wish to make it the level of his income the on the subject of quality health care. total is going into nursing home expense. month or two just prior to his illness, figured His testimony before the committee Yet, the average cost per person served is, on an annual basis. has evoked so much interest and com­ as I said earlier, $400 annually. Mr. Chairman, I know that the statement ment that I am inserting it in the REc­ This fiscal year, the Federal Government I have just read might well come as a shock Will have need to spend $2.6 billion and next to those, who thought of me as a foe to any ORD for the enlightenment of those inter­ year the cost would rise to $3 billion, but the federal participation in health care. Of ested in learning more about this vital States can't go on meeting their share. In course, that is not the case, as my support subject. fact, about a dozen States haven't even of the "eldercare" proposal in the 89th Con­ The testimony follows: started. I do not propose that the Federal gress will attest. STATEMENT BY DURWARD G. HALL, MEMBER OF Government take over the whole financial My suggestions have come about as a CONGRESS, BEFORE THE HOUSE COMMITTEE load, but rather we offer each State this result of my professional background, as ON WAYS AND MEANS, NOVEMBER 4, 1969 proposition: The Federal Government will well as my realization and recognition of supply the cost of a health insurance certif­ changing times, customs, and acceptances 1 Mr. Chairman, members of the committee, icate to every eligible recipient. Said certif­ the purchasing power and stability of the I have considered some type of catastroph­ icate will entitle them to a health plan of ic health coverage for a long time, yet social security retirement system has been certain specified basic health protection (de­ sorely tested, by inflation and by actual and I have, in my own mind, hesitated to in­ fined by Congress) and which would be pur­ volve the Federal Government further in pending threats of raids on its trust fund chased from existing private carriers includ­ (from both the disability and medicare pro­ the field of individual responsibllity than ing the "blues" and would amount to per­ absolutely necessary. However, it is obvious grams) , which were erroneously casted to haps 85 percent of the average $400 annual the Congress by eager salesmen. that the time is upon us when changes in :Your committee has just heard that part health care expense, provided, however, that the nation's health programs are on the "A" of medicare needs a fifty percent In­ the State will assume the balance of health horizon, if in fact not already here. It is crease in funding-and part "B" needs about expenses for each individual who exhausts therefore, my intention to try and make the $1.25 increase from both the aged, and the his basic benefits. In other words, the States best deal possible, not only for the govern­ Federal Treasury. would assume this rare but financially devas­ ment, but for the States, the family and the My interest in preserving the integrity of tating, catastrophic expense. individual. the retirement "foundation stone" our social The merits of this suggestion (to mention Mr. Chairman, I am speaking of quality security program, and to assure solid actu­ just a few), are: health care for all our people, not just those arial arrangements for future health pro­ 1. The States will be required to spend in absolute need. I, for one, would like to grams, compelled me to seek an opportunity less than they are currently spending, and assure you that members of the medical to appear as a witness before this committee. could plan, budget, and appropriate for it. profession are also concerned about pro­ I would hope, that as Congress struggles 2. The Federal Government will expend ap­ viding good health care for all Americans. with "medicaid" for our poor, that a realistic proximately a billion dollars more annually, I believe that there is a need for this kind of "test of need", be our goal, in deference to (3.6 vs. 2.6) but, the Federal Government's legislation, and I think the time has come our overburdened wage-earner-taxpayers, share would not be subjected to unexpec.ted for its enactment. who expect Congress not to tax them to escalation, and could be budgeted with fair support others, who are capable of providing certainty. health care for themselves. 3. When the States are called upon to U.S. AGRICULTURAL EXPORT IN­ Like all of you, I have been reading about spend their catastrophic dollars, they will be DUSTRY IS BIG EMPLOYER the recent Governors Conferences and their acting in their traditional and historic role demands for larger Federal participation in in assuming such long term care as mental medicaid. Additionally, my attention has illness, and T.B. HON. CHESTER L. MIZE been attracted to the Reuther, Rockefeller, Now the question becomes, who would be and American Medical Association proposals. entitled to a free health insurance voucher? OF KANSAS The Reuther proposal, to place the entire This is a critical decision that could be de­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES population under medicare, is by far the cided on the same basis as that used in the Wednesday, November 12, 1969 worst of all possible solutions 1 'Blanketing Hill-Burton program, where the Federal all under one Federal program as it does, share is detennlned by the per capita wealth Mr. MIZE. Mr. Speaker, few persons when the large majority of our population of a State, as compared to the national per realize how many jobs are dependent November 12, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 33937 upon agricultural exports. The Depart­ a major element in reducing costs which, in out, came out of the speaker's office and left. turn, lead to expansion in demand and em­ The !speaker noticed my eyes go from the ment of Agriculture, under the leader­ ployment. In the years ahead, increased use picture in the New York Times to the man ship of Secretary Hardin and Assistant of chemicals and machinery on the farm leaving the room. He asked me what I was Secretary Clarence Palmby, has worked and improved handling methods can be ex­ thinking. Although m:y thoughts about the diligently to promote increases in U.s. pected to continue the trend toward a more man before me, being with the President one commodity export-not only to strength­ efficient use of labor in the production of day and the next day with a poor bedraggled en domestic prices and provide outlets agricultural products. soul, obviously showed on my face, I .said for increased production, but also to in­ These estimates do not include agricul­ nothing. The speaker then asked me if I had sure that the substantial labor force de­ tural employment related to manufacturing ever been to the top of the Empire State ot her than processed food, although for ex­ Building. When I said yes, he took a ball pendent upon these exports is protected. ample, textiles and similar items are made point pen from his pocket and pointed to the While we are often reminded of those from agricultural products. Also excluded is top of it and said: jobs threatened by increased imports, we employment involved in providing capital "From the top of the Empire State Build­ sometimes forget that many U.S. work­ equipment such as farm machinery and ing we all look like a dot. It is all a 'matter ers depend upon export markets and a structures. of perspective. Never forget that, young healthy flow .of goods overseas from our In addition, calculations are based on the man." recorded U.S. port value of exports. Employ­ The encounter was a les'Son in humility I farms and processing factories. ment related to agricultural exports will be shall always cherish. Because of the importance of U.S. understated to the extent that, due to sub­ To impliedly criticize John McCormack be­ agricultural exports as a supplier of U.S. sidies, these values are lower than com­ cause he puts a high premium on loyalty and jobs, I submit for the RECORD the fol­ parable domestic values. friendship is unfair. We all put a high pre­ lowing article from the November 3, U.S. employment attributable to farm mium on those two values. Furthermore, a 1969, issue of Foreign Agriculture, pub­ exports man who has remained a leader in Congress lished by the Foreign Agricultural Serv­ Jobs supported for as long as John McCormack, a leader Industry: by exports, 1966 among his peers of able and ambitious poli­ ice of USDA: ticiant, must be doing something right. He U.S. AGRICULTURAL EXPORT INDUSTRY Is BIG Agricultural products ------433, 000 and his loyal aides should not be tarnished EMPLOYER Forestry and fishery products____ 1, 000 after 40 years of service to this Common­ (By Charles Bowman, Bureau of Labor Sta­ Agricultural, forestry, and fishery wealth and to the nation. tistics, U.S. Department of Labor) services ------21 , 000 EDWARD M. GINSBURG. Manufacturing: BOSTON. A recent study by the U.S. Department of Food and kindred products____ 49, 000 Labor reveals that U.S. agricultural and Chemicals ------11, 000 food exports, on the basis of 1966 data, sup­ Other manufacturing ------38, 000 ported jobs for an estimated 729,000 U.S. Services: VETERANS' EDUCATION workers. These jobs represent some 30 per­ Trade and transportation______99,000 cent of the 2,464,000 jobs related to all mer­ Other services ------55, 000 chandise exports. Other industries ------22, 000 About three-fifths of the 729,000 workers HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON were on the farm while the other two-fifths Total ______729,000 OF CALIFORNIA were in many other industries which benefit IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES directly and indirectly from U.S. agricultural exports. For example, a large number of farm Wednesday, November 12, 1969 jobs are supported directly by exports of A CHERISHED LESSON IN HUMILITY Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. U.S. wheat, about half of each year's crop normally moving to overseas markets. But Speaker, in order to compete in today's there are also jobs involved in moving the HON. JAMES A. BURKE job market, a veteran needs an educa­ wheat from farms to U.S. ports and in turn­ tion, a skill, a trade. The first questions ing out the fertilizers and other materials re­ OF MASSACHUSETTS an employer asks of a job seeking vet­ quired to produce it. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES eran is, "What is your level of education? MOST JOBS ARE ON-FARM Wednesday, November 12, 1969 Have you any experience?" If the ex­ The largest number of jobs related to agri­ serviceman cannot respond favorably to cultural exports--433 ,000--are on the farm Mr. BURKE of Massachusetts. Mr. these questions, he is not going to get the in the production of commodities such as Speaker, on the November 7, 1969 edition . job he seeks. The result is unemploy­ grains, oilseeds, cotton, tobacco, -and live­ of the Boston Herald-Traveler, there was ment. The result may be crime. There­ stock. In 1966 these jobs represented almost printed the letters to the editor section a sult is increased welfare rolls. 11 percent of all agricultural employment letter written by Mr. Edward M. Gins­ We are obligated to encourage our re­ in the United States as it is measured by the burg of Boston, Mass. with respect to U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. While a large turning servicemen to resume their our beloved Speaker, the Honorable JOHN schooling, if that schooling was inter­ part of this production is exported directly, W. McCORMACK, of Massachusetts. In my some of it is sold to the food industry where rupted. We are obligated to encourage it undergoes further processing before being opinion, Mr. Speaker, this says it all. the returning veteran to seek the best exported. In the food processing industry an There could be no better illustration of education and training he can attain. additional 49,000 jobs are supported by the humility from a man of greatness than is Between 1950 and 1967, U.S. census export of such farm-related products as fresh recounted in this letter. This act of wis­ data and estimates show that the median and prepared meats, feed-grains, and frozen dom stemming from an act of charity years of education completed by a per­ foods. The remaining jobs-supported in­ is the mark of the man and shows how son 25 years or older had risen from 9.3 directly by farm and food exports-are con­ the Speaker "does his thing." centrated in the trade, transportation, and to 12 years. Further, census figures show Mr. Speaker, I insert the letter writ­ that for 1966, among persons considered chemical industries. ten by Mr. Ginsburg in the RECORD at The relationship between the value of to be in the labor force, the unemploy­ agricultural exports and the number of jobs this point: ment rate among high school dropouts supported depends mainly upon labor pro­ A CHERISHED LESSON IN HUMILITY was 18 percent and was 14.2 percent ductivity, or output per person. As the vol­ TO THE HERALD TRAVELER EDITOR: among those with no more than a high ume of exports expands, export employment As a recent graduate from Harvard Law school degree. tends to increase. However, the increase in School, I was taken by my father to meet employment is limited by gains in produc­ John McCormack 11 years ago. They had In no area has our obligation been tivity. For example, between 1960 and 1966 been friends since the 1930's, when my late more evident than in the field of vet­ the value of agricultural exports, adjusted uncle, Bernard, as a ·Republican, had run erans' education. Many of our sons have for price change, increased by 27 percent; for Congrest against the speaker and had re­ gone in the armed services and served at the same time the amount of employment ceived over 30,000 votes, a number un­ our Nation well. Some have remained in directly or indirectly related to these exports heard of for a Republican in that Democratic the service; most have returned to civil­ declined by 6 percent. district. ian life. What are they going to do in The effect of productivity increases on ex­ While waiting to see the speaker, I noticed civilian life if they have no trade? port employment can be expressed in an­ the front page of the New York Times on other way. In 1960 about 160,000 workers the table in the waiting room, showing a pic­ Twenty-three percent of our enlisted· were required directly and indirectly for ture in which John McCormack wa.S stand­ separatees from military service in fiscal each billion dollars of agricultural exports. ing with President Eisenhower and the other 1969 were high school dropouts. At pres­ Six years later only 118,000 were needed. leaders of Congress. As I looked up from the ent, only 6.1 percent of the eligible high Such gains in labor productivity are of course paper, a constituent, obviously down and school dropouts have taken advantage of 33938 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 12, 1969 the post-Korean conflict educational their responsibility in making our de­ ment to be considered and acted upon by the program. mocracy work but who will not take the Congress of The United States. We can rectify this apparent failure time to help pass on this responsibility "Congress shall make no law respecting by concurring ln the Senate amendment to our youth. an establishment of religion; or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the to H.R. 11959, which increases GI bill al­ Freedom is easily abused and I am freedom of speech; or of the press; or the lowance rate by approximately 46 per­ sure many citizens are tired of seeing right of the people peaceably to assemble; cent in all programs. opportunists and self-acclaimed revolu­ and to petition the government for a redress Another provision of the Senate tionaries hide behind '!:>asic freedoms of grievances." amendment provides for a newly oriented while violating the rights of others. Con­ The First Amendment to the Constitution and greatly expanded veterans' service troversy and emotionalism seem to have is contained within this petition. The stu­ program designed to search out recently blocked rational discussion of our prob­ dents were to explain that they intended to submit this to Congress as a petition. discharged veterans, especially the edu­ lems. This is no reason however, to refuse The First Amendment, of course, guaran­ cationally disadvantaged, to advise them to take the time to communicate with tees to all U.S. citizens freedom of religion, of the benefits to which they are entitled our young people. As President Nixon has speech, press, peaceable assembly, and the and assist them in obtaining these said, it is necessary to stop all of the right "to petition the government for redress benefits. shouting before we can hear each other­ of grievances." Currently the Veterans' Administra­ that is good advice, especially for those RESULTS INTERESTING tion operates 71 U.S. veterans assistance of us who are adults. The results were very interesting. Of the centers. In 1969, of the 232,125 initial I submit for inclusion in the RECORD 300 people polled, 250 did not recognize the interviews at the centers, only 37,176- the following article from the Norton First Amendment. Of these 250, 200 agreed 16 percent-were educationally disad­ Daily Telegram: with the statement, 30 disagreed, and 20 vantaged. Of the 216,200 separatees who would not commit themselves. Of the 50 PETITION SHOWS FIRST AMENDMENT NOT who recognized the statement, 20 disagreed were high school dropouts, only 17 per­ FAMILIAR TO MANY IN NORTON with all of it, or parts of it; 20 agreed to it, cent were contacted. This situation can Pupils in the Seventh and Eighth Grade and 10 would not commit themselves. be corrected by expanding the veterans' Reading Improvement Class in the Norton What was most astonishing to the students outreach program. Schools recently circulated a petition was the treatment they received from many The need for this legislation is clear. throughout Norton seeking signers for a doc­ adults. The students were instructed to be The time to act is now. Investments in ume~t they lln.d prepared. The document ac­ courteous and polite no matter how they veterans education and training will tually was the first amendment to the Con­ were treated. They also were to conduct stitution of the United States and they re­ themselves in a serious manner. bring into the Treasury much more than ported that they were going to present the Some of the comments of the adults to the the cost of the program. Increased earn­ petition to Congress and ask that it be student pollsters were: ings and increased skills will result in a passed. stronger, more viable nation. The circulation of the petition followed ADULTS COMMENT discussions in the class which is taught by "You young kids don't know what's good Ray Fitzpatrick. Mr. Fitzpatrick reported that for you. You're spoiled." the class had been reading articles concerned "I don't read any more; the paper is full of with America and its problems. The articles, nothing but war and riots. I don't care to GENERATION GAP he said, could well be divided into two cate­ sign." · gories, "What Is Wrong With America," and "I agree, but I'm afraid of ge·tting into "What Is Right With America." trouble because of working for the city." HON. KEITH G. SEBELIUS Mr. Fitzpatrick's account of the class dis­ "I don't believe in freedom of religion." cussions, the circulation of.the petitions and "Show me your right to petition. Has this OF KANSAS the report of the class following the project, been cleared by the Board of Educat.ion for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES follows: you to do this?" Wednesday, November 12, 1969 I discovered that many of my students "What's this mean? What if the Commu­ were well informed, and quite concerned nists move in, Congress won't be here to Mr. SEBELIUS. Mr. Speaker, I think I about current, domestic problems in the help us." have a partial answer as to why our Na­ United States, and that they are fam111ar ''I'm not interested! ! !" (slamming the tion is experiencing a so-called genera­ with their rights as individuals and citizens. door.) tion gap. An article from my hometown I became quite aware that these students "Go to hell!!" (slamming the door.) cannot be classified like many of their coun­ "I don't think you are smart enough to newspaper, the Norton Daily Telegram, terparts seen on television or read about in know what this means." tells about an ''experiment in democ­ the newspapers. My students are quite aware "Throw it in the trash can." racy" by seventh and eighth graders in that "freedom isn't free," and that "there "If this means to kick Madelyn Murray out the Norton public schools. is a cost in being free." of the country, I'm for it. I'll sign." The students, as part of a school as­ Some ·of my students made comments such "I don't know what it means, but I'll sign signment, designed a question-answer as, "Freedom is having the ability to choose it." experiment to check adult reaction to our right from wrong, good from bad, etc." "Here "I don't like the way it is worded." (It is in the United States, freedom means free­ worded exactly as the Constitution reads.) basic freedoms. In going door-to-door, dom of religion, of the press, of speech, and "Sounds as if you are trying to do away one would have expected the youngsters of movements." "Freedom is a wonderful With the First Amendment." (This article was to find among their elders a reservoir of thing, but sometimes it can be terrible. It the First Amendment.) good will plus a firm personal commit­ could destroy a nation if anyone could do "I'm not going to sign anythlng I have to ment to our country's principles. The re­ anything they wanted to do." pay money for." (No contribution was asked.) sults, however, were rather disturbing. After hearing these comments, I wondered "I have a cold and can't stand up without Many adults did not recognize the first how many adults are aware that there are getting dizzy, so I can't sign." many young people today who try not to "I don't believe in religion in the schools." amendment to the Constitution and abuse, nor take for granted, the freedom they "You dirty old bums." many did not agree with the basic free­ have. We decided it would be interesting to "I don't agree with peaceable assembly." doms it sets forth. find out how many adults knew what free­ "Heaven's no. You must think I'm a dumb Young people today constantly hear dom they have and how they agree with dumb." the admonition they must do their home­ them. Besides receiving some rather abusive re­ work and experience the hard knocks of I had the class conduct nn experiment to marks and having doors slammed in their life befo;e their voices can be heard-and .find out this information. The class, under faces, two of my students had the sheriff the name of Students To Petition (STP), call on them. After asking a few questions, listened to. We tell them our problems circulated the following information in the can be solved only in an atmosphere of the sheriff let them continue. petition: This was a very enlightening experience for calm and reason. It is also clear that When in the course of human events, it all of the students participating. I asked each adults, as well as students, must do their becomes apparent that the fundamental of them to write their comments about the homework before they can become truly democratic concepts of life, liberty, and free­ experience and some of them were: effective citizens. It is most disappoint­ dom are threatened, we feel it necessary as young American citizens to petition our el­ STUDENTS COMMENT ing to find some citizens do not under­ ders to pass a law that will enable all rights "Many people did not sign it because they stand or want to understand the precepts of men to be recognized. did not want to get involved in anything. upon which their very own freedom is Therefore, we of the Students To Petition That seems to be the cry nowadays." based. It is just as disappointing to (STP), With the help of various adults, deem "I think the people of The United States find citizens who full well understand it necessary to submit the following docu- should be interested in their country enough November 12, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 33939 to know what they are signing and should resting an ailing shoulder. "This is one of penses, higher taxes and farm prices know the Constitution. If they don't, should the greatest college teams I have ever seen equal to or lower than he was receiving they call this their country?" and I don't think I will ever see one better." 20 years ago are forcing out of business "I think people should be a little more Maybe not, but fans of Texas, Tennessee, courteous and should watch their language; Arkansas and Penn State still are waving nearly 600,000 farmers-and particularly after all, they are supposed to set an example popular hand-made banners and proclaim­ f,arm youths-every year. for us." ing their unbeaten sectional favorites, as Turning to the overcrowded cities for "It was funny to find out how ignorant the what else? No. 1. new opportunities, they often find them­ adults are of their rights." Ohio State's ineligibility to repeat as a selves lacking the skills necessary to gain "Most of the people should get hearing aids Rose Bowl representative, under Big Ten good jobs and support their families ade­ and glasses." Conference rules, has caused its share of quately. As a result, they become part of "I feel every American should know their commotion this year and has been logged in own Constitution. Most riots are started by The Congressional Quarterly as an injustice. what we refer to as the "urban crush." people who want more freedom and don't Last weekend's results solved nothing in the When he was at Purdue University, the even know the freedoms they do have." greatest cross-country debate since the Notre distinguished agricultural economist Don "The adults say, 'These kids! They go Dame-Michigan State dispute over a tie g.ame Paarlberg, now an assistant to' Secretary around rioting and killing and trying to three years ago. Hardin, estimated the export of brains change things.' And the adults don't even Eight of the top 10 teams (Penn State and and brawn from the countryside to the know about our own government.'' U.CL.A. were idle) won by margins of at cities runs about $12 billion a year. That I can see why many of these experiences least three touchdowns. Not even a virus is twice the total agricultural budget and did happen to the students. People see vio­ epidemic that struck 27 players could slow lence and rioting and protesting on TV, and Texas from its 16th straight victory, 56-14, several times the actual subsidy to farm­ read about it in the newspapers every day. over Baylor. ers. They are growing very tired 9f all the com­ The absence of .a postseason playoff. in foot­ Rural America cannot afford that type motion going on. I feel that we are all con­ ball is taxing more than the patience of of a subsidy to the urban areas and the cerned with the welfare of our country, but alumni, fans and television sponsors. It has economy in general. I also think the students' feelings are justi­ bowl officials, the strongest opponents to Nearly 14 million new jobs have been fied. How can the adults be an example and such a proposal, in a dither trying to sec­ created in the last 15 years-nearly all guide for our youth of today when they are ond guess the feelings of their prospects, a of them in the cities. Close to 70 percent so in the dark themselves? week before formal invitations can be issued. Many adults were very cautious about sign­ Will Penn State desire Miami sun or the of America's population lives on 1 per­ ing anything and this is the reason for many challenge of meeting the Tex.as-Arkans,as cent of the land. Obviously, we need some acting as they did. There were quite a few survivor in the Cotton Bowl? What postsea­ economic incentives to reverse the mi­ who signed the petition without any interest son deal will be worked out for the loser of gration, to get people out of the over­ in what it said. the Southwest Conference title game on Dec. crowded, smogbound cities and into the 6? And where do such once-beaten powers open air of the countryside where half as Missouri and Louisiana State fit into the major bowl picture after convincing victo­ the population would like to live and ries over Oklahoma (44-10) and Alabama work if opportunity existed. TAFT ASKS AGAIN FOR WAIVER OF (20-15), respe,ctively, last weekend? So I am heartened to see President BIG TEN RULE TO SEND OHIO The air should clear in several directions Nixon taking initiatives to redress the STATE TO ROSE BOWL this Saturday when Ohio State and Tennes­ imbalance. see f,ace their toughest tests against Purdue A good beginning agenda for the Rural and Mississippi. Woody Hayes, coach of the Affairs Council can be found in the full­ HON. ROBERT TAFT, JR. topranking Buckeyes, already has announced OF OHIO that all workouts will be closed to the pub­ page advertisement the National Rural IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lic and press-even to the local press in Electric Cooperative Association has been Columbus. running in the Saturday Review and Wednesday, November 12, 1969 The lack of competition last weekend was other national magazines. Mr. TAFT. Mr. Speaker, last week I so pronounced that John McKay, coach of That advertisement makes these suggested that since this year marks the unbeaten but tied Southern California, points: suggested that his club was "flat, down or Over half the Nation's substandard 100th anniversary of collegiate football, whatever" in whipping Washington State, it might be an appropriate time for the 28-7. "I can't account for it," McKay said. homes-more than 4 million-are in Big Ten to waive its prohibition against Johnny Pont, the Indiana coach, blamed rural America. Many who live in thes'e a team's consecutive participation in the "the emotional drain" in the black athlete homes are old. Many are poor. Rose Bowl, to permit Ohio State's Buck­ crisis at the school for Indiana's 28-17 loss Nearly 30,000 rural communities are eyes to play in the January 1 game, to Iowa, a. defeat that may have squelched without adequate water systems-about should they repeat as Big Ten cham­ the Hoosiers' hopes of a Rose Bowl berth. 45,000 without sewer systems. Thousands pions. But emotions were high for at least two lack medical centers, libraries, good teams last weekend, Wesleyan and Alle­ While chances do not appear bright gheny. Allegheny knocked off unbeaten Thiel schools, recreation programs. for such an occurrence, I still believe it College with a 21-14 victory. Wesleyan won Few of the nearly 14 million new jobs would be a tremendous way to properly its seventh straight game, 18-17, over Wil­ created in the last 15 years were in rural celebrate this historic year in college liams with a touchdown in the last 67 sec­ America. And rural unemployment fig­ football. onds for its first Little Three title since 1966. ures in many areas run nearly 18 percent, The following article, from the New compared to a national average of about York Times of November 10, gives a run­ RURAL AFFAIRS COUNCIL 4 percent. down on sentiment across the country: The effects of high interest rates are OHIO STATE - FUELS ROSE BOWL FUROR BY most sharply felt in the countryside ROMPING MINUS STARTING QUARTERBACK HON. ALBERT H. QUIE where there is a chronic shortage of BIG TEN RULE BARS RETURN TO COAST-BUCKEYES OF MINNESOTA capital for housing and community and CALLED "GREATEST" AFTER WEEKEND OF ROUTS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES industrial growth. BY 8 OF TOP 10 TEAMS If the Rural Affairs Council can pin­ (By NeiJ. Amdur) Wednesday, November 12, 1969 point means of providing decent housing, Early in college football's centennial sea­ adequate water and sewage systems and son, Fred Taylor, coach at Texas Ohristian, Mr. QUIE. Mr. Speaker, I applaud the praised Ohio State as "the greatest college President's decision to establish a new other community facilities, industrial de­ team ever." Cabinet-level Rural Affairs Council to velopment, job training, and low-cost Last Saturday, John Coatta of Wisconsin deal with the present and future prob­ credit, its contribution to revitalizing wondered whether the Buckeye players put lems of rural America. rural America will have been immense. their shoes and socks on one at a time like It is appropriate that the problems of On top of this, of course, we in the everyone else, or if they changed clothes in the countryside receive the same high­ Congress must provide sound farm pro­ telephone booths. grams so the farmer may be rewarded "I forgot to go over and check to see if level attention as has been focused on they had .a big S (for Superman] on their the problems of the cities through the more adequately for his investment, chests," Coatta s81id, after Ohio State Urban Affairs Council. time, and labor. I know that goal is amassed 62 points and 595 yards total of­ A great many urban problems originate uppermost in the minds of Secretary f,ense with the No. 1 quarterback, Rex Kern, as rural problems. Rising production ex- Hardin and the House Agriculture Com- 33940 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 12, 1969 mittee members in their current delib­ aggression does not mean real peace. They military efforts in South Vietnam, with know that a temporary cessation of hostill· over half of these favoring immediate erations. ties resul tlng from a yielding to the aggres­ Creation of this council does not re­ sor will be used by the aggressor only to build withdrawal of our troops. On related is­ lieve Congress of its responsibilities in up his strength for new and greater assaults sues of military spending, 70 percent this area. But it will provide an ongoing, on free nations and free men. favored reducing U.S. military forces and high-level appraisal of how to help rural It would be a mockery if we let the social over 65 percent favored cutting the de­ America in cooperation with the Con­ unrest of today serve to downgrade in the fense budget. Seventy-five percent fa­ gress and with private effort. slightest the valor and the sacrifices of those vored some change in the present system who have fought in freedom's cause from of drafting men for military service. Valley Forge to Vietnam. More than half of those responding A TRIDUTE TO ALL VETERANS Today should instead be an occasion for paying even greater tribute to them-those favored increased Federal efforts in areas veterans who fought under the flag of the like aid to education, aid to cities, anti­ HON. JOHN S. MONACAN country they loved. Vet erans Day should be poverty programs, and health. a time for remembering-and today, in re­ Responses to the question on electoral OF CONNECTICUT membering, let us seek a deeper apprecia­ college reform-over 76 percent favoring IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion of our veterans. On this day of remembering, let us make abolition of the electoral college in favor Wednesday, November 12, 1969 the record show that we in Waterbury have of direct popular election-confirmed the Mr. MONAGAN. Mr. Speaker, I have deepened our admiration for those who have results of a poll of :'Jlinois State legisla­ joined with approximately 100 of my col­ served their country in uniform-that we are tors which Congressman RAILSBACK and leagues in cosponsoring House Resolution etching deeper into the metal of history our I had conducted earlier this year. 663 in recognition of the efforts and gratitude to those who went to war in free­ Perhaps most significant, over 90 per­ dom's cause. Let us remember those who fell cent of those-responding considered air sacrifices of the American servicemen in in battle, giving their all on the altar of Vietnam which unfortunately are often freedom, and let us hail with affectionate pollution a most critical problem. I be­ overshadowed by the emotional debate on pride those who returned safely from the lieve this justifies increased efforts at the our future course in Vietnam. field of battle. national level to remedy what an over­ The resolution was filed just prior to Let us remember, on this d ay for re­ whelming majority of Americans con­ Veterans Day and for my part I intended membering, that it is only because of the sider a serious threat to their health and it as a tribute to all veterans. With this courage and the sacrifices of those who welfare. fought for America and freedom that Amer­ The complete results of the poll are in mind I call attention to a realistic and icans are able to meet today in an assembly impressive statement made on Veterans such as this. But for what the Veterans did, summarized below: Day by Comdr. John Olear of the Ameri­ this city and this land would today be under [Answers in percent] can Legion, Corporal Coyle Post No. 1 in the jackboot of a foreign dictator. 1. Vietnam: I favor- Waterbury, Conn. Our veterans fought for the freedom of all Reducing the level of fighting while Commander Olear is a friend and con­ Americans-even those who today consider it peace negotiations are in progress____ 32 fashionable to dishonor their contributions Continuing m11ltary operations at the stituent of mine. He is school inspector and belittle their memories. for the city of Waterbury, president of present level regardless of develop­ Let it never be forgotten that the men and ments in the Paris peace talks______9 St. Mary's Russian Ortl!odox Greek women we honor on this veterans day fought Immediately withdrawing all our troops Catholic Church, chairman of the Water­ and bled to bring peace to the world. from Vietnam______37 bury Veterans Day Committee, and The cause for which they fought lives on Discontinuing negotiations and step­ chairman for the Waterbury Committee because of them. ping up military operations to attain Peace and freedom-freedom and peace­ of United Nations. Mr. Ole~r·s Veterans a mmtary victory______14 these are the real lessons and the real legacy Day statement follows: left to us by the veterans, living and dead, Did not replY------8 A TRmUTE TO ALL VETERANS in whose honor we gather today. 2. Draft law: I favor- (By Comdr. John Olear) The present system which permits stu­ It is appropriate on this Veterans Day of dent deferments______18 1969, since we are observing it during a period ILLINOISANS SPEAK OUT A lottery system with no student defer- of national unrest and uncertainty, to look xnents ------34 realistically at some facts that have been An all-volunteer armY------41 forgotten. HON. ABNER J. MIKVA Did not replY------7 First. and foremost, let it be remembered OF ILLINOIS 3. Surtax. I favor the .curtax as a weapon that nc one wants peace more passionately IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES against inflation- than those who have fought for it. There is no greater dedication to the cause Wednesday, November 12, 1969 Yes ------23 of a world at peace than that of a man or Mr. MIKVA. Mr. Speaker, I have com­ No ------60 woman who has lived through the hell of Undecided ------13 pleted tabulating the results of a ques­ Did not replY------4 war. Can anyone know the importance of tionnaire I recently sent t0 resi­ peace more than the man who served with eo,ooo 4. Surtax and tax reform: I believe these the A.E.F. at Seicheprey, or the soldier or dents of tht Second Congressional Dis­ should be linked together- marine who fought in the sugar cane fields of trict of Tilinois which I represent. I am Okinawa, or the sallor on convoy duty placing in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD the Yes ------46 through the submarine-infested North responses received from over 10,000 resi­ No ------36 Atlantic, or the airman in lonely battle in Undecided ------13 dents of my district. I believe that my Did not reply ------5 the sky, or the nurse or WAC under enemy colleagues and others will fi:1d them of bombardment? 5. Milltary forces: I favor the reduction of These people cherish peace because they interest. U.S. military forces by 10 percent by the know what war is. The Second Congressional District of end of fiscal year 1970- But they cherish honor also. Tilinois is diverse and heterogeneous: And they cherish simple love of country. its residents come from all walks of life, Yes ------70 No ------15 The veterans want peace; of course they from all occupations and professions and Undecided ------10 do; but they want peact> with honor. from all economic brackets. The district Did not replY------5 When American t.rcops have marcbed off to includes urban areas, suburbs, steel mills, 6. Future Government opendlng: I think war they have marched in freedom's cause. universities, urban renewal areas and They have sought no new territory. no new the Federal budget for the following pro­ peoples to enslave. They have fought for slums. Although predominately urban in grams should be as follows: freedom and for the right of each people to character, it contains a substantial num­ choose its own government in its own way. ber of farms as well. Thus, I believe that Did not These men who fought--the veterans the result.:; of this poll have more than Decreased Same Increased reply whom we honor today-were and are the real local significance; they show what a champions of peace. Only those who have Defense budgeL. 66 23 7 4 representative cross section of America Aid to education __ 8 19 70 3 lived intimately with the horrors of war can thinks about pressing national problems. Poverty program __ 25 17 53 5 truly know how vitally urgent it is that Welfare ______33 20 40 7 we build a world in which all men and all On the subject of Vietnam, responses Aid to cities __ ---- 13 24 58 5 nations can live together as neighbors in showed that in August· and September of Space pro9ram •.• 47 38 10 5 Foreign ai ------65 21 7 5 peace and harmony. this year, over 65 percent of those who Health ______-- - 5 21 69 7 These men know also that surrender to responded favored a reduction of U.S. November 12, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3394f 7. ABM: I support- munity-leadership, communication, and the turbulence?" If the disturbance is out­ A limited ABM system------24 social responsibility. side the system, we ride off to bring it under Only research on an ABM system ______24 Recognizing .that basic research in the control. Perhaps the most extreme version No ABM system------32 various disciplines continues to be essen­ of that response is to be found in the car­ An expanded ABM system------14 toon, which some of you may have seen, in tial to the progress in science, the NSF which the Evins Subcommittee on Appro­ Did not re~lY------6 Director expresses a leadership concept priations of the House of Representatives is 8. Voting age: I favor lowering the voting for the science enterprise which is con­ depicted as a. largl} dragon, and a. small lone age to 18- . cerned about "the whole of our society, figure, Knight McElroy, is galloping forward to do battle. Naturally, I was pleased to be Yes ------57 its environment, and the growth of the No ------36 individuals who make it up." Accord­ shown as a. brave and resolute fighter in the Undecided ------6 ingly he cites the need for interdiscipli­ battle for science. But this feeling was tem­ Did not reply ------1 pered, however, by the thought that maybe nary research and stresses that high the cartoonist was doing more harm than 9. Air pollution: I consider air pollution to priority also be given environmental and good by suggesting the wrong answer to what be a. critical problem- ecological studies. may also well be the wrong question. Yes ------92 While acknowledging the Foundation's The second way of assessing our situation No ------5 capability to accept leadership for these emphasizes change, not equilibrium, and Undecided ------2 programs, he suggests two necessary process rather than structure. When we look Did not reply ------1 steps to insure "the proper base on which at the changes that are underway and what 10. Post Office: I favor the proposal to con­ academic science can carry out its we are in the process of becoming, quite a. vert the Post Office Department into a Gov­ changing role," an increase in Federal different set of questions arises. Aside !rom ernment-owned corporation operating on a funding of academic science, and rais­ trying to understand what is going on among self-sustaining basis- all the variables involved, a new factor of ing the NSF proportion of Federal sup­ direction comes into play. We are confronted Yes ------64 port for academic science so that it can with the classical question of where we are No ------18 achieve its objectives to advance science heading and why? This is, in my view, the Undecided ------16 and science education. primary question. Let me elaborate. Did not reply ------2 Dr. McElroy urges that the story of In the past we had little control of our 11. College campuses: I believe the Fed­ science be told to the public at large, destiny. Now, for the first time in man's eral Government should become involved in and cautions that the "scientific com­ history, we are at the point where we can enforcing order on college campuses- do virtually anything we wish if we are munity isolates itself only at its own willing to pay the price. But with this power Yes ------32 peril." to choose comes a bewildering variety of No ------60 Mr. Speaker, Dr. McElroy's speech to Undecided ------6 hard questions. These questions seem all the Did not replY------2 the National Academy of Sciences is not harder because of the widening gap between­ only provocative but holds import for all knowledge and wisdom, and the questioning 12. Federal welfare programs: I favor­ of us in the Congress. It is indeed a re­ of authority and precedent. Standardizing welfare payments in all flection of the constructive and forward Although the questions met in the proc­ States ------50 looking style of leadership we can expect ess of change are more difficult than the Replacing existing programs by a. guar- questions that arise from restoring or main­ anteed annual income or negative in­ from him, and I urge careful reading of taining system equilibrium, I am convinced come tax______39 the full text of his remarks which fol­ that the continuity of the past is best pre­ Retaining pres~nt programs as they are_ 4 lows: served by confronting the questions of what Did not replY------7 REMARKS OF DR. WILLIAM D. McELROY, we are becoming. 13. Electoral College: I favor- AUTUMN MEETING, HANOVER, N.H., I believe there are three ha.rl! problems OCTOBER 14, 1969 we must solve-leadership, communication Retaining the Electoral College as it is__ 10 and social responsibility. Abolishing the Electoral College and QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS electing the President and Vice Presi­ I can think of no audience whose atten­ The problem of leadership dent by direct popular vote______77 tion honors me more. My pleasure at being Science leadership today must be ground­ Abolishing the Electoral College but here this evening is heightened still more ed in an effective concern for the whole of having the vote in each State on the by the fact that this is my first talk, in my our society, its environment, and the growth basis of Congressional Districts______9 present position as Directro' of the National of the individuals who make it up, This Did not replY------4 Science Foundation, to a. group of people out­ leadership must be broad in view and long side the Government. As such, picking a. topic in perspective, while at the same time in­ 14. Hunger: It is my opinion that­ poses a particula:ly hard choice for me. volved in current problems to which science Hunger is a very serious problem in Il­ I could tell you about my new job and can make unique contributions. linois ------33 what it consists of. But that has been done The problems that obstruct and endanger Hunger is a somewhat serious problem in better by the late Robert Frost at the time our hopes for a decent society are too well Illinois ------34 he was appointed Consultant in Poetry at known to need listing here. That the solu­ Hunger is not a. serious problem in Il- the Library of Congress. He described his job tion of social problems will be tied to a linois ------29 as making "the politicians and statesmen significant degree to science and technology Did not replY------~--- 4 more aware of their responsibillty to the is also widely accepted. To be sure that arts." Substitute ihe word "science" for science can preserve its integrity in such "art" a.Ild you have a fair fix on my Job too. a coupling needs careful leadership; that I could talk about money, but judging science must increasingly come to accept ADDRESS BY DR. WILLIAM McELROY !rom recent events, if money is the answer such a coupling is also a responsibility of to our pro-blems, we must be asking the leadership. If such a coupling makes for wrong questions. Since tonight is a begin­ hard choices in our hierarchy of priorities, HON. CHARLES A. MOSHER ning for me, it seems fit to start by asking then this is also a burden to be shouldered what are, or might be, the right questions. by leadership. But however heavy this bur­ OF OHIO There are two basic ways of looking at our den may be, we cannot justify a primitive IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES situation and each generates entirely dif­ level of scientific knowledge in areas of Wednesday, November 12, 1969 ferent sets of questions. The first views the vital social concern. science enterprise as an institutionalized sys­ It is clear that the nation must undertake Mr. MOSHER. Mr. Speaker, on Oc­ tem seeking to maintain equilibrium and a. interdisciplinary approaches to many, if not tober 14, Dr. William D. McElroy de­ balanced growth. Ecologically speaking, this most, of our current problems. But let me livered his first public address since be­ is good. In this world of rapid, often threat­ hasten to add that good, in depth, basic coming the Director of the National Sci­ ening change, continued viability may well research in the various disciplines is and will ence Foundation. It is most appropriate be based on how well stability is preserved. continue to be the essential element of prog­ that the audience on this occasion were However, I remind you of a fact that living ress in the sciences. his colleagues of the National Academy systems cannot remain alive if a true equilib­ In addition to various types of interdis­ rium is reached. Energy must be continu­ ciplinary studies, I believe that environ­ of Sciences, in session on the campus ously fed into the system. mental and ecological studies are clearly of of Dartmouth College for their annual When stability is in danger, or is upset, high priority. fall meeting. the questions posed tend to orbit around None of us view such studies as a panacea In his address, Dr. McElroy high­ the idea. of restoration. Typically, the query for social ills, and however gifted ecologists lighted three hard problems he believes is "how can we bring the system back to may be, their abilities as generalists rest on cannot be ignored by the science com­ normal?" or "what is needed to smooth out the skills of many specialties. For this reason, _CXV--2138-Pa.rt 25 33942 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 12, 1969 while we vigorously pursue every pathway of perspectives. This does not just mean an in­ do the benefits which flow from it always advancement, let us be careful not to oversell formal talk on the wonders of science before move from science to technology; Much of the the merits of ecological analysis. Rather, let the local PTA or an impassioned letter of great advance we have made in in recent us deliver more than we promise. protest, eit her singly or in groups, to your years is based on the useful symbiotic rela­ To carry out these and other types of activ­ Congressmen when the budget is cut. It does tionship between science and technology. ities we need to stimulate young people to not always mean pleading for more science The side effects of teohnology, of course, often develop the highest scientific and technical money. It certainly means explaining what lead to undesirable social effects. Thus, the skills they can. This does not mean, however, good science is and what it can do--to our responsibility we scientists ought to feel for that everybody need be a Ph. D. It may take elected representatives and others. · technological effects is grounded not only in many Ph. D. physicists or engineers to de­ We need a commitment to this problem of logic but in self-interest. · velop a nuclear reactor, but after it is built communication which is continuous and It is for this reason that I find the report a team of reactor operators must run the significant. There are numerous possibilit ies, of the N.a tional Academy of Sciences on plant on a routine basis. Each individual in but time will only let me speak of a few. "Technology: Processes of Assessment and such a situation is trained up to the level Alvin Weinberg suggests, and I agree, that we Choice" to be of exceptional interest, qual­ at which he is engaged. Of course, Ph. D.'s need scientific critics or pundits to "examine ity, and importance. Most of us here would must also be available in order to teach and the scientific-political scene with the same find little to quarrel with the idea that we to ask the right research questions and even comprehensive understanding as Mr. Walter must take into account the direct and in­ find some answers. But we also need engi­ Lippmann or Mr. James Reston show in dis­ direct effects of technological change in re­ neers and techncians able to apply scientific cussing national and world politics." Joshua gard to both environmental and social qual­ and technical knowledge in a great many Lederberg has shown us the feasibility of ity. We would also want to be sure that our social circumstances not requiring t he fullest this idea through his columns. · decision-making mechanisms for technologi­ extent of advanced training. Another good idea wa.s made by Robert cal assessment are effective. Clearly the new or augmented undertak­ Morison who suggested that we devise some Science and technology were once thought ings represented by my reference to inter­ analogy for presenting science to adults that of as a liberating force; today they are viewed disciplinary research, environmental sci­ would do for the general public what agri­ by m any as destructive of freedom. Why? ences, and educational reforms, require a cultural extension has done for the farmer. Perhaps some of this attitude stelll5 from the period of dynamic growth so that worthy Possibly an organization comparable to the sophisticated concept that if you reduce the programs of a more traditional type are not League of Women Voters. Such an organiza­ quality of a man's environment without his harmed. It is also clear that a substantial tion would present information on issues consent, you reduce his freedom. Seemingly share of the additional funding needed must involving science which is non-partisan, fac­ the partnership of science and technology come from the Federal Government. The tual and reliable-with the reader to draw with business corporations and Government NSF has the experience and the capability his own conclusions. has leached some of the sense of freedom of to accept leadership for these programs­ The communication possibilities are end­ the individual. When, as Dean Price points provided adequate funds are available. less, ranging from scientific exhibits of the out "the main lines of our policy, over the Almost all agencies support some basic moon rocks to celebrations of the 500th long run, are likely to be determined by research. However, our experience over the birthday of Copernicus. With a total eclipse scientific developments we cannot foresee last few years tells· us that despite the bene­ of the sun due to pass over some of the most rather than political doctrines," the indi­ fits, the pluralist!c pattern of Federal sup­ populated areas of the United States next vidual cannot be blamed if he feels that still port as it is now operating has some severe spring, have we made our plans for the pub­ another dimension of freedom-control over disadvantages. Mission agencies now pro­ lic as carefully as those we have made for his environment--is lost. viding major support to academic science science? I have mentioned some very fundamental have had fluctuating appropriation patterns But whatever we do, the scientific com­ trends in the relation of science to society reflecting changing priorities as well as the munity should apply to this problem the which seem to have produced, and under­ completion of specific programs. Priorities, conceptual tools it uses in its scientific stud­ standably so, animosity toward science. The of' course, change and jobs get done. But, ies. Do we test our assumptions or engage Academy's report is right when it urges as a result, academic science has been hit in wishful thinking? Do we consider the "meaningful public participation in choices harder than necessary. I believe that the relevant facts that are operative in the po­ having major public consequences." It is also time has come for NSF to take the leader­ litical and social systems in which the science right when it warns of "unreasoned political ship by ensuring the proper base on which enterprise is embedded? Do we confuse ex­ reaction against all technical innovation." academic science can carry out its changing pertise for opinion and substitute slogans There are no easy answers to questions of role. To do this, two specific steps must be for solutions? The answers to these ques­ the responsib111ty of science to society. But taken. The first is an increase in Federal tions may seem obvious, but if answered ob­ because there are no easy answers doesn't funding of academic science. The second jectively we might find some explanation for mean that there are no answers. The increas­ step is to allocate this increase so that the our current condition. ing recognition by the scientific community NSF proportion of Federa.l support for aca­ Problems of social responsibility of the importance of these problems gives me reason to be hopeful. demic science can be raised to the point Earlier in these remarks I mentioned the where the needed leverage or influence on need for an effective concern for the whole Conclusion the system can be exerted. A doubling of of our society, its environment, and individ­ I began my remarks by asking what the the NSF's fiscal year 1969 level of about 15 % ual growth-in short, social responsibility. 'right' questions are. The 'right' questions, of the Federal support for academic R & D Without such concern science leadership and that go to the tree-not to the branch, seem would be the right order of magnitude. communication efforts can never develop the to be mostly those which ask where we are The problem of communication kind of broad support required for science's going, why, and with whom. Although every If progress were solely a matter of leader­ long-term health. question doesn't deserve, or for that matter, ship I could end my remarks now-but it Many commentators have written that our have an answer, I believe that the questions isn't. I am troubled by the fact that we society is sick; that it has gone off-the track. presented to you tonight--concerning leader­ scientists don't seem to have been able to I don't accept the truth of this view, but I ship, communication, and social responsi­ tell the story of science adequately to am bothered by the fact that science is so bility-cannot be ignored. As answers develop enough people-certainly not to those who often identified as a cause for the abnormal­ they will likely be tentative, partial, and un­ must make political judgments. ities in our society. For every friend who rises satisfying. As scientists we have learned to It is unfortunate, perhaps unavoidable, to salute science for what it has done for live with such unsatisfying results and found that the scientist's servitude to his discip­ better health and the general welfare, others instead that they are a stimulus to advance. rise to denounce the flaws of society which Why not in this instance? line creates ways of thinking and modes of they attribute to science or technology-with­ expression which may be alien to some in our out making any distinction between the two. society. The scientist lives not only with his Although we protest, on the one hand, that public utterances and publications but also the destructive side effects of technology with his interior notion of what he thinks he should not be charged to the account of HORTON CITES YOUTH CAMP has done and what he will do. The world science, on the other hand we often try to SAFETY AS AREA OF NEGLECT sees only a fragment of this. Is it any won­ justify science by the material benefits which der that the signals of the scientists are flow from it. scarcely legible through all the surrounding Obviously, we cannot, nor should we, have HON. FRANK HORTON noise? it both ways. If we had any doubts about OF NEW YORK And yet, can we afford to shrug our shoul­ this question, a recently oompleted report by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ders, and go on speaking only to our scien­ the Illinois Institute of Technology should tific peers? The answer is obvious of course, put them to rest. This report demonstra.ted Wednesday, November 12, 1969 but it needs restatement--the scientific that there is a continuum between science community isolates itself only at its own and technology by tracing the key research Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, youth peril. disooveries and developmental events whioh camps deal with our most precious com­ We, who are in a sense the trustees of led to 5 specific technological innovations modity-our children. It amazes me science, have an obligation to translate with major economic and sociologic impacts. that most States either have no regula­ science at a variety of levels and from many This oontinuum did not always exist, nor tions or very spotty ones concerning November 12, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 33943 summer camp safety, sanitation, and It gives me great pleasure, Mr. Speaker, ingway explained, "If you want people to be include for pUblication in the RECORD polite to you, you have to be twice as polite personnel. to to them." Jack Dempsey, news director for Mal­ several of the reviews which have been Not that he ever lost his capacity for bale­ rite Stations and WNYR in Rochester, written praising Professor Seward's fulness. Refusing to go to a certain funeral, brought to my attention that almost book. I have read the book myself and he said, "A son of a. bitch alive is a. son of a all types of public service jobs have to be found it to be a well-written "affectionate bitch dead." licensed except working for a youth reminiscence." These direct glimpses of the author are camp. He also pointed out that very The reviews follow: fascinating; one wishes-guiltily-that Se­ ward was a shade less scrupulous about re­ little is known about camps and their [From the Richmond News Leader, fusing to quote Hemingway's correspondence need for greater health and safety Sept. 10,1969] directly. But there are enough conversational standards. · HEMINGWAY "ADMmABLY HUMAN" tidbits. I know that most camps take great (By Harry M. Meacham) Years after he had won the Nobel Prize care for the safety of young campers, but On July 2, 1961, 19 days short of his 62nd Hemingway took inordinate pride in the fact there is a real need for more attention birthday, Ernest Hemingway blew the top of that his books were finally taught in college in this area. his head off with a double-barreled shotgun. classrooms. He proudly told a Pullman con­ The last survey of camp safety was Since that fateful morning there has been ductor, "Mr. Seward teaches my books in his a steady stream of books about the man and classes at the university." taken in 1929-that is 40 years ago. In a warm summation, Seward writes, Right now, we do not even know the exact his work. As in the case of Ezra Pound, the dust kicked up by his personality tends to "Since Ernest's use of the spoken language number of summer camps across the obscure the serious and highly gifted writer. was extremely uninhibited, I have tried to country, and information about deaths In the light of rumors, gossip and misinfor­ adhere to the obligations of a trusted friend or injuries is hard to come by. mation, it is refreshing to read a. book such in presenting his conversations. He loved to To help correct this situation, I have as Professor Seward's "affectionate remi­ talk and talked at length about the things introduced a youth camp safety bill, niscence." he believed in. Als·o he had a way of drawing which was originally sponsored by Sen­ Mr. Seward, who teaches English at Old out your opinions that made you feel as if Dominion University, knew Hemingway tor you had really said something. . . . ator ABRAHAM RIBICOFF of Connecticut. "The man I knew was an adventurer and This bill directs the S€cretary of Health, more than 20 years, and while they did not often meet they did correspond regularly, a compulsive reader, a sportsman and a Education, and Welfare to establish Fed­ and the letters (paraphrased, for Heming­ husband and father, an athlete and a. busi­ eral safety standards for youth camps. way declined to permit his letters to be pub­ nessman. But most of all he was an artist It will provide matching funds up to lished) are the foundation on which these with unlimited interests and talents. Always, $50,000 a year to each State which imple­ memoirs are built. The author was uniquely the marvelous side of Ernest's intellection is ments camp safety programs and stand­ qualified to write this book. He has long what came through to me most and I hope ards. been recognized as an authority on the 20th it is what will come through to the reader. The standards spelled out in my bill Century novel, and he has taught a course When he was not writing, he felt he was on Hemingway's novels for many years. wasting his life." pertain to counselors and staff qualifi­ If the reader wants to understand the sub­ cations, staff-camper ratios, sanitation, ject of this study, he will find Carlos Baker's COMMENT FROM CARLOS BAKER TO A. S. public health, medical services, food han­ biography helpful, but nothing wlll take the BARNES AND Co., RE "MY FRIEND ERNEST dling, waste disposal, equipment, Rnd ve­ place of memoirs such as Professor Seward HEMINGWAY" hicle condition. has written. No man has precisely the same Dr. William Seward of Old Dominion Uni­ Mr. Speaker, every year parents and relationship with two people, not even with versity in Norfolk is one of the few profes­ children happily anticipate camp time. members of his immediate family. It follows sors of English that Ernest Hemingway knew The children look forward to the com­ that the great writer's discussions with the and genuinely liked. In this generous and author will become an important part of the warm-hearted memoir of their twenty-year panionship, the outdoors, the boating, Hemingway canon. And they will, as the friendship, Seward paints an engaging por­ swimming, hikes, campfires, and field author points out, "help explain what the trait of a side of Hemingway that is perhaps trips. Parents feel confident that the gathering myth obscures-that Hemingway too little known; it shows, incidentally, that people who will take ~heir place for the was endearingly and admirably human." Hemingway could be as generous and warm­ summer, or for a month or a week are hearted as Seward is himself. competent and reliable. And yet every [From the Los Angeles Times Calendar, year we hear of another tragedy, a bus Oct. 5, 1969) accident, a drowning, a youth badly HOW AUTHOR KEPT HIS COOL WITH burned, insufficient supervision of HEMINGWAY AMERICANS MAKE CLEAR TO HANOI campers in emergencies. Unfortunately, (By Wirt Williams) THEIR CONFIDENCE AND SUP­ we do not have the statistics available to Ernest Hemingway and the English pro­ PORT OF OUR PRESIDENT determine what can be done to improve fessors were never close, and there are signs this situation. he was wistful about it. Youth camp safety has been neglected Understandably, he felt his own creden­ HON. CHARLES E. CHAMBERLAIN tials a.s a. literary man were impeccable, if a OF MICHIGAN too long. It is time to protect the safety bit exotic. He had been a. youthful coeditor of our children. I urge my colleagues to of Transatlantic, the distinguished Paris IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES consider this carefully and to support magazine. He was the protege of those daz­ Wednesday, November 12, 1969 this measure. zling theoreticians of the written word-Ezra Pound and Gertrude Stein. So he was unmis­ Mr. CHAMBERLAIN. Mr. Speaker, takably hurt and aggrieved by the coolness each day brings new indications that the that so many scholars maintained toward silent majority are not without their A GOOD FRIEND OF ERNEST him. voices. The three daily newspapers serv­ One of the very few academic friends he ing Michigan's Sixth Congressional Dis­ HEMINGWAY had was William W. Seward, chairman of the department of English of Old Dominion trict in recent editorials have expressed University at Norfolk, Va.. So Seward's chaste their conviction about how important it HON. G. WILLIAM WHITEHURST memoir of that relationship has a. unique is for the country and for the prospects OF VmGINIA and lasting value. "Bill, you are my short• for peace in Vietnam that Americans IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES stop whom I admire," Hemingway told Se­ make clear to Hanoi their confidence and ward. "Anyone can play second or third base, support of our President. I commend Wednesday, November 12, 1969 but a good shortstop is hard to come by." them the attention of my colleagues Shortstop Seward's book is written with to Mr. WHITEHURST. Mr. Speaker, dur­ delicacy, grace and devotion, but the devo­ and to all who are visiting the Nation's ing the 18 years in which I taught at Old tion is so tautly controlled that it never Capital this week. The editorials appear­ Dominion University, it was my privilege slops into sentimentality. His portrait of the ing in the Owosso Argus Press, Novem­ to claim as a colleague and friend Prof. great Nobel Prize winner is that of a. warm, ber 6; the Jackson Citizen Patriot, No­ William W. Seward, the author of "My generous and above all chivalrous human vember 5; and the State Journal of Friend Ernest Hemingway." Mr. Seward being. Lansing, November 5 follow: Throughout their acquaintance, Heming­ teaches English at Old Dominion, and way was lavish with acts of consideration NIXON PUTS HIS PRESTIGE ON LINE was for 20 years a friend and correspond­ and thoughtfulness to all of those with It would be a. tragedy if a. course of action ent of Hemingway. In that time, Mr. whom he came in contact. Noting how im­ which offers the only hope of ending the Seward came to know the warm, human pressed Seward was with his extraordinary Vietnam war within the reasonable future side of the great 20th century author. affability to a. waiter on one occasion, Hem- without entalling an outright surrender to 33944 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 12, 1969 Hanoi and abandonment of South Vietnam, The President's critics do not have to make Thus he deserves the support of the Amer­ a strategy which would have been greeted the hard decisions which affect American ican people and is entitled to as much free­ with overwhelming enthusiasm in 1968, were and South Vietnamese lives. They do not dom of action as is possible. to prove to be in 1969 not too little but too have to chart and follow a course which may He has made as many commitments for late. affect the history of a large segment of the peace as he can and still honor, as he puts It may be that the time is out of joint, by world for years, or even for centuries to come. lt, his oath of office. at least a year. The President is denied the luxury of mak­ The impatient ones who criticize him for Had presidential candidate Richard Nixon ing popular statements or demand such as not going all the way on ending the war 12 months ago revealed a plan to "Vietnam­ "stop the killing and bring ;the troops home­ tomorrow, who insist on hampering his ize" the Vietnam war, and had he promised now." He can't influence those who lack a peace efforts by giving Hanoi hopes of an that one of his first acts if elected president sense of history or understanding and world early and total surrender by America, should would be to withdl'law 50,000 American troops affairs by laying down a timetable for troop not be able to influence the "silent rna• immediately and as many thereafter as mili­ withdrawals. jority" which retains the ability to see tary conditions permitted, he would likely Coming from a war critic in the streets, on things· as they are and which surely must have been swept into office with a far greater the campus or even in the halls of Congress, realize that President Nixon is doing the margin than the razor-thin plurality he a call for a precipitous American retreat best he can with a situation bordering on achieved. from an unpopular war, soothes a people the impossible. There may be any number of reasons why who have become weary of the struggle. The he did not make such an announcement at same line coming from the President con­ that time, including the very good reason stitutes a major policy decision. PRESIDENT OUTLINES PROGRAM FOR PEACE that he had not yet arrived at such a solu­ Agitation for an immediate withdrawal of President Nixon Monday spelled out a pro­ tion to the war. A presidential candidate, United States forces is welcome in Hanoi as gram for bringing an end to the American while something more than an ordinary pri­ an indication that popular support is swing­ involvement in the Vietnam war through vate citizen, is still is not a president, with ing away from the President and that the gradual military withdrawal and it is a access to all the information which floods the practice of waiting for still the next con­ course we believe the vast majority of Ameri­ Chief Executive's desk. cession . .. and the next . .. is working, com­ cans will support. There was, also, the hope that ·a fresh team ing from the President a promise of a He did not take what some consider to of negotiators could get the stalled peace rapid retreat becomes a signal to the Com­ be the popular road, immediate withdrawal talks in Paris moving. Or, from a more cyni­ munists that their victory has been won. of all U.S. forces and leaving the South Viet­ cal viewpoint, candidate Nixon may simply To put it another way, the President went namese people to defend themselves anyway not ·have wanted to lay himself open to the as far as he possibly could by laying out the they can. That, in fact, is a formula for sur­ charge of playing politics with the lives of two courses to peace which are open today. render. 500,000 American fighting men. He indicates that he has not given up The President made it clear to all that, as But the ironic possibility now is that, hav­ hope completely on the Paris negotiations, chief executive of this nation, he has ex­ ing achieved the presidency and having de­ although they have moved exactly nowhere. plored virtually every avenue of compromise cided upon this plan in the face of continued He obviously expects that the alternative will and negotiation with the North Vietnamese North Vietnamese obstinacy, Richard Nixon be followed: The de-Americanization, and government in an effort to bring an end to may be swept, not out of office, but .out of the increasing Vietnamization, of the con­ the fighting, The Hanoi leaders have simply effective leadership over the nation, even as flict. Even so, he dares not set a timetable rejected anything short of a U.S. surrender Lyndon Johnson in his final months became for withdrawal of troops and neither can he with no concessions whatever on their part. a shadow of the strong, consensus-wielding assume that de-escalation of the American It would appear that the President, for the president he once was. role in the conflict will work. A new violent time being at least, has crossed off all hopes The time is not only out of joint but grow­ offensive by the Communists could upset of any meaningful peace negotiations in ing short. Its temper can be read in the fact even this hope of winding down the war. Paris and instead has turned to the Ameri­ that those who have supported the President Those who lead the protests against the war can people, seeking their support while he in his handling of the Vietnam problem were, of course, disappointed by the Presi­ carries out the disengagement policy of giv­ throughout the first 10 months of his admin­ dent's words. They had hoped that he would ing the government and people of South istration praised his television address to the announce a cut-and-run policy and fully Vietnam time to take over the defense. nation as a vigorous reaffirmation and defense meet what they see as a great popular de­ This will take time. of his policies. But those who have opposed mand for an end to the killing. But as the President indicated, it is the him or who have supported him only tenta­ The President spelled out his feelings on only way to prevent a Communist victory tively expressed reactions arranging from dis­ that very point. He was frank in saying that through American default. It is a realistic appointment to outright rejection. an immediate end to the war would be the policy which keeps in mind the potential for So weary have Americans become of this popular thing-for the moment. murderous purges by Communist forces if the war, so far has emotion replaced calcula­ He was on sound ground when he stated military balance suddenly gets out of kilter, tion regarding Vietnam, so many have the his reasons for rejecting an early end to as well as the vital factor of protecting Ameri­ disillusionments been in the past, that a "Johnson's war" before it became "Nixon's can forces while they are in the process of policy which is a 180-degree turnabout from war." withdrawal. President Nixor reminded his listeners There is also the grave danger that an the policy of the previous administration immediate pulloUJt of American forces would can be dismissed as offering "nothing new." of points of history which so many of his critics conveniently have forgotten. He men­ demolish the faith and confidence of other As the President said, North Vietnam can­ nations in our willingness to stand behind not defeat or humiliate the United States. tioned the atrocities at Hue and the genocide practiced ag.ainst the South Vietnamese lead­ our commitments. Only Americans can. It all depends upon Persistent critics of the Nixon adm!nistra­ that "silent majority" he referred to. ers when Ho Chi Minh made his first bold and brutal moves to take over all of Viet­ tion have continued to demand that the If the President can beg, borrow or steal President take the intitiatlve to end the another 10 months of support, grudging nam. Mr. Nixon's position is that no American war. The President is doing just that in though it may be, from the American ma­ spite of the refusal of Communist forces to jority, and if Vietnamization does indeed President possibly ca~ put himself in the position of exposing thousands, perhaps negotiate. begin rolling, he spoke truly when he said There is little question that the President's that it will not matter then what the critics hundreds of thousands, of South Vietnam­ ese to violent persecution or death. Monday speech was directed at the American say now. people-particularly the so-called silent In the meantime, however, America seems The war, the extent of it, and the scale majority. He is seeking our help against a as sadly divided as it was before the Presi­ of American participation, are accomplished militant minority of anti-war leaders who dent's speech. A period of even greater do­ facts. Debating over the wisdom of Ameri­ are, in effect, demanding an immediate end mestic turmoil may be ahead for the nation. can involvement or the conduct of the war to U.S. military activities in South Vietnam under either Pres!dent Johnson or President Nixon is pointless at the moment. no mat ter what the cost. NIXON DOING HIS BEST To END VIETNAM WAR An example of the latte·r was evid·en.t in a The over-riding question in the minds of statement put out by the New Mobilization President Nixon's carefully-phrased report Americans, as demonstrated in public opin­ Committee to End the War in Vietnam to the nation on the course he intends to ion polls, and even in the Vietnam mora­ several days before the President's Nov. 3 take with respect to the Vietnam war dis­ torium demonstrations, is how to end our talk. appointed those who expected the dra.ma.tic. participation in the war without a disaster, A leader of that group stated that nothing The common comment on the speech was either for America or the South Vietnamese President Nixon might say would be acce.p·t­ that he said nothing new but said it rather people. able to them unless all U.S. forces, ground well. Indeed, there was little else the Presi­ As a man who sits in the seat of awesome troops, air and navy personnel, as well as dent could say and remain, as he put it, power . and responsibility to match, Presi­ equipment, are withdrawn; and unless all faithful to his oath of office. dent Nixon's plan for winding down the U.S. military or economic aid is withdrawn President Nixon invoked the philosophy war goes as far as is possible under the cir­ from the Saig.on g.overnment. behind the favorite expression of one of his cumstances. Furthermore, the committee demanded predecessors. President Harry S Truman was · He has responded, so tar as a President that the U.S. make war reparations to the fond of saying: "The buck stops here," mean­ can respond, to the demands for bringing Vietnamese people. ing at the President's desk. American forces home. There was nothing in their demands con- November 12, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF RE~IARKS 33945 cerning discontinuance of Russian and Red President Nixon took office. We are no longer now. But I think any steps that are taken Chinese military aid to Hanoi; nothing about debating whether or not to bomb the North. toward making responses to brush-fire wars withdrawal of North Vietnamese forces from The debate is now focused between those multilateral, are steps in the right direction. South Vietnam. who se·ek quick but gradual withdrawal from That is why I am so encouraged by the It is evident that these types of profes­ Vietnam, leaving behind a strengthened Nixon Doctrine, and why it will be cruc-ial in sional anti-war organizers are interested in South Vietnamese Army and Government, the months and years ahead to see how it is one thing-attempting to dictate the foreign and those who seek withdrawal immediately carried out. By removing the pledge of quick­ policy of our government from the streets. without regard for the consequences in ly and massively deployed U.S. troops as the There is a definite dividing line between Southeast Asia. It is no longer a debate first line of defense of the free-world's outer those sincere people across the nation who "whether to get out," it has now turned into boundaries, we can take a maj-or step toward want to see an end to this war and those who a discussion of "how to get out, and how de-fusing potential Inilitary confrontatiFargo on a distant shore. The need to encourage India, the major neutralist power, would Bank, and Mr. 0. Meredith Wilson, di­ and support worldwide education as an have an interest in discouraging the take­ rector of the Center for Advanced Study essential step in closing the "economic gap" over of fellow Asian neutralists. represents just such a ripple--an idea whose in the Behavioral Sciences, the confer­ time has come. We are at a crossroads where Two steps must be taken immediately be­ ence featured a number of prominent the way in which we deal With the human fore the situation in Laos becomes a fait speakers from industry, the academic resources in the developing nations will de­ accompli for irreversible U.S. intervention. sector, foundations, foreign countries, termine whether we are to be successful in We must call for an immediate session of and the U.S. Government. Their pres­ controlling the explosive forces in our world the 1962 Geneva signatories who originally entations suggested new and exciting today. guaranteed the neutral status of Laos. The Some of you may recall an advertising alarming increase in North Vietnamese troops dimensions for social development­ oriented programs of American and campaign conducted by one of our zipper in Laos makes such a meeting that much manufacturers some thirty years ago. Each more urgent. The communists are now in a multinational firms operating in the de­ ad contained a photograph of an item of position to allow world opinion against Amer­ veloping countries. personal clothing improperly secured by the ican intervention in Southeast Asia to feed One of the most interesting presenta­ use of buttons. In these ads there was always on the publicity Laos is now getting here at tions at the conference was delivered by the question, are you suffering from gaposis? home. Calling for a new meeting of the Mr. C. W. Robinson, president of Mar­ There was the obvious suggestion that the Geneva signatories could serve to point up cona Corp., which firm has a long and affliction could be cured by replacing but­ the real danger that the neutral regime may tons with a zipper. face in a short time, inspiring record of supporting education in Latin America. Today, our world is suffering from a Second, we must take immediate steps to serious case of gaposis; however, we have a de-Americanize the Western m111tary aid Fully conscious of the important role "zipper" in the form of international educa­ and personnel in Laos whlle the numbers which education plays in the processes tion which is essential for the ultimate are small, The free Asian governments must of development, and of the great and cure. decide among themselves whether Laos 1s urgent need to close the worldwide learn­ We are fortunate to have represented in vital to their own well-being, and if so, they this two-day conference, leaders from the must, with our material help, take steps to ing gap, Mr. Robinson urged American and multinational firms to contribute three fields of education, government and replace the Americans now helping to build business. I say fortunate because I feel that Laotian defenses. of their own resources to the accomplish­ the solution of our problems in international By making Vietnamization of the Viet­ ment of that objective. development calls for coordination of effort nam war his primary objective, President He said: between these three groups. It's what I might Nixon is forming the cornerstone of his new I urge every multi-national corporation to refer to as the new "alliance for progress", foreign policy in Laos, he has the chance to adopt a "fair sharing" approach in its for­ if that expression had not come into ill build on this foundation at an early stage. eign operations as is becoming increasingly repute. Whether or not the struggle in Laos explodes common in domestic affairs. We _accept with Others might refer to it -as an "unholy into a neutralist war against the Pathet Lao only minor grumbling, the cost of insurance alliance" to the extent that representatives and North Vietnam, we must not be caught protection against fire, earthquake, and other of business are involved. For this reason it is in the same position in Which we found our­ natural calamities. I now propose a "business appropriate that I confess my personal bias selves in Vietnam in 1964. survival" insurance policy; this to be based in order that you may place my views in I urge your support for these steps to re­ on an annual contribution to an educational proper perspective. I am President of Mar­ place direct American intervention in Laos. foundation in each developing nation equal cons. Corporation, a multinational company As directors of the Rochester Association for to 1 per cent of the investment in that with operations in mining and shipping the United Na;tions, you are in a position to country ..• throughout the world. This has led to deep help lead public opinion on foreign policy in involvement in both developing and devel­ the Rochester area. I firmly believe that the Mr. Speaker, I believe that Mr. Robin­ oped nations. I confess to profit motives but Nixon Doctrine is a very meaningful and son's thoughtful remarks will prove of with what I view as long range orientation. November 12, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 33947 Furthermore, businessmen generally are evi­ encourage greater sensitivity to the needs of Traditionally the economic powers behind dencing growing recognition of a basic re­ our world of accelernting change. We must the "throne" have feared education for the sponsibility to the society in which we op­ develop a leadership philosophy to guide us masses. They have equated education with erate. I believe that we must first earn the in the hard personal decisions required in awareness, and awareness with discontent. right to make the profit which our stock­ complicated situations involving great risk. However, the technological revolution in holders demand through effective concern for We are at a crossroads, a time for re­ communication and transportation has our environment--both physical and social. appraisal and redefinition of our goals in created awa.reness without education, which It would be fair to say that our objective both political and business worlds. We have is doubly dangerous. is to create a climate in which we can main­ a special need today for courageous leader­ However, in Latin America where I have tain and expand profit in the future. How­ ship to ease the rising tensions between de­ had more exposure to this problem, I sense a ever, in our international investments we veloping and developed nations. Our previous significant change in this traditional atti­ face a still more serious problem in that efforts in this area have failed, with the tude. Local businessmen are awakening to the climate must offer hope for survival problems more acute today than ever before. the need for education to broaden economic itself. Since World War II accelerating techno­ opportunity for all. The need for private Most of the developing nations are passing logical growth has had a revolutionary im­ support of education in these countries is through a dynamic stage which poses a pact on communication and transportation. essential and, in my opinion, this is where serious threat to both foreign business and The freer exchange of ideas, of people, and the U.S. multinational corporation can and government relationships. Gabriel Valdes, of goods within and across national bound­ must play an important role. Chilean Minister of Foreign Affairs, and cur­ aries has stimulated an irreversi-ble move­ I'd like to turn briefiy to an experience rent spokesman for much of Latin America, ment toward the interdependence of all na­ which we have had in Peru, which I hope comes right to the point when he explains tions. We are rapidly becoming a one world will help to give this problem clearer defi­ that in spite of the foreign investors' desire family with all the stresses which exist nition. We have an iron ore mining opera­ for fixed rules of the game-that just isn't within any family group, particularly where tion in that country and have faced all of in the cards. The developing nations are in a unequal opportunities exist. the problems of a foreign investor in an ex­ sta;te of fiux and the rules will change and At the beginning of the so-called "Soaring tractive industry. We have been seriously foreign investors must adjust to these 60's" we had few doubts as to our ability concerned about attitude problems as they changes if they are to survive. Obviously, we to solve this problem through merely doing might affect our future in that country. can't look to our contracts or existing legis­ more of what was done in the 50's. How­ We have always believed that a foreign lation in these countries for our security. ever, our concept of foreign aid suffered from investor has responsibility far beyond con­ We must seek other forms of insurance for what I think of as the Taiwan syndrome. We tractual and legislative obligations. We also continuity of operations. pointed with pride to our experience in that felt that a broader level of education in Peru The multinational corporation is becom­ country where the infusion of financial as­ represented good insurance for our future. ing a powerful economic force throughout sistance primed the pump and the economic Therefore, during the 1950's we supported the world. With the increasing acceptance motor then ran without further U.S. financial the construction of schools and other physi­ of a direct responsib111ty to the community fuel. Based on this experience it was argued cal facilities for education. Unfortunately, this must have a tremendous impact on over­ that U.S. Government financial aid alone after the fanfare and inauguration speeches all development. I am convinced that within would solve the developing nation problem. the buildings soon deteriorated into crum­ the next ten years multinational corpora­ Unfortunately we failed to recognize two bling stone monuments. This was the result tions, including those represented here to­ key factors which made Taiwan a unique of the lack of trained personnel to administer day will rival our own State Department as situation. Number one, there were in Taiwan, and operate these facilities. a factor in U.S. international relations. educated and dedicated people with man­ From these abortive efforts came the con­ However, to achieve the positive results agerial experience who had been forced out viction that we should start at the top and which are absolutely essential for the future of China by the Red Revolution. There was work down. In this way we could encourage of our world, we must have a quality of busi­ a highly developed human resource waiting university level activities, the results of ness leadership which is all too rare today. By to take advantage of the opportunities which would filter on down to secondary and leadership I mean those qualities of sensi­ ultimately to the primary school level. To tivity to the problems brought about by ac­ created by financial assistance. carry out this program we decided that a celerating change; the imagination to de­ Secondly, we poua-ed into that country private educational foundation should be velop solutions, and the courage - to carry financial aid per capita which greatly ex­ established in Peru. We also concluded that them out. ceeded the amount we could ever hope to this program should be organized and ad­ Our technological revolution has made supply to other developing na.tions of the ministered by Peruvians who had evidenced available much more relevant data on a world. serious concern with their own development more timely basis which should support It is increasingly clear that financial as­ problems. more effective leadership; however, in some sistance alone will not pTOvide the ans-wer. In With this in mind I visited Washington in respects it seems to have had an opposite areas with limited developmenrt; Olf the human 1960 to discuss the project with representa­ effect. It has introduced into both the resom-ces financial aid fiows largely through tives of the State Department and foreign worlds of politics and business a disease ~vernment channels and quite of•ten ulti­ assistance organizations. Although their en­ which I refer to as 51 %ism. Our politicians mately illito the hands of ves,ted interests. thusiasm was somewhat restrained, there was can now readily determine the attitudes of This encourages preservation of 1ihe status a feeling that this might develop into a mech­ the average voter on a wide range of issues. quo and discourages an atmosphere of change anism for U.S. financial aid to education This encourages the development of policies which is absolutely essential for develop­ outside of normal government-to-govern­ to conform to the majority view. This same ment. ment channels. On returning to Peru, I dis­ disease affects the business world where our Our current problem arises from the in­ cussed this project with some of the more executives can more easily determine the creasing awareness of the differences in eco­ progressive and enlightened business leaders. consensus of stockholders, consumers, and nomic levhls without the educational oppor­ They were sufficiently inspired with the idea employees. Faced with these facts it is tunities required to sati·sfy individual and to form the Instituto Peruano de Fomento tempting to take the easier majority route national needs. From th1s has come the Educativo, now better known as IPFE. This and increasingly difficult to support a mi­ frustration whi.ch is the basic cause of the was the first truly private foundation in nority position. growing strain in our relationships-both Latin America dedicated to support expanded Here in Calif.ornia we have what we some­ poll tical and commercial. educational opportunity. times refer to as the 49er spirit. This evolved To reduce these frustrations, we must firslt This foundation has continued to grow out of the soul testing experience of our find ways to encourage development of with activities today throughout Peru based pioneers during the Gold Rush days of the human resources through education. I be­ on support from many other foreign corpora­ last century. A belief in goals and the cour­ lieve in the universal equation: "Education tions. There is also increasing financial sup­ age and determination to achieve them equals Development". Thell"e will be no hope port from local Peruvian businesses and in­ sustained these pioneers during their efforts of closing the economic gap with the de­ dividuals .which offers real hope for a basic to cross the mountains or round the Horn veloping na.tions until we find a way to deal change in the traditional opposition to ex­ into California. What we need today is a effectively with . this pro·blem. pansion of educational opportunity. renewal of that 49er spirit; leaders who are If we a.ccept this premise, we still face As IPFE grew in importance there was a willing to fight for a 49% minority position the difficult question of how to encourage natural desire on the part of the Peruvian because they believe it right and in the best education in the developing nations. What Government to bring this activity under long range interests of all. little U.S. Government financial assistance the wings of the Ministry of Education. How­ Our graduate schools of business have has been granted for education to date, has ever, this effort was successfully resisted and contributed to a much more effective admin­ been largely on a government-to-government today the government is actively encourag­ istration of increasingly complex business basis. Unfortunately the governments in ing its private nonpolitical status by treating enterprise. However, sometimes I wonder if these developing nations have been handi­ any financial contribution to IPFE as a dou­ we haven't become overly entranced with capped by lack of funds; lack of continuity ble deduction for income tax purposes. the idea of manipulating sophisticated man­ and often by basic conflicts with political We have also been encouraged in this agement tools. In seeking to convert the art objectives. Local vested interests in many of effort by the increasing financial support of business management into a science we these countries have been reluctant to sup­ from the U.S. Government. Early in 1968 are in danger of losing the art of leadership. port any activity which might upset the AID volunteered a $3 million low interest Perhaps we should redirect our efforts to status quo. loan to support further expansion of the 33948 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 12, 1969 IPFE program. Unfortunately, the threat­ ple to play a constructive and self-fulfilling Southeast Asia an other underdeveloped ened application of the Hickenlooper Amend­ role in our society" . . . End of quote. parts of the world would be reversed or ment in Peru during the past year has de­ I believe that the achievement of these slowed down. layed consummation o! this agreement. How­ goals demands the active participation of President Nixon has growning public sup­ ever, we have reason to · believe that Wash­ private nongovernment interests along the port for his Vietnam policy. He has asked ington is increasingly sympathetic with this lines I have just proposed. Certainly the U.S. for the great silent American majority to approach and will soon reactivate this loan. multinational corporation can and must play speak out. He could have no better selling The planning required for effective human a leading role in this effort. point for peace than their support. We urge resource development is a highly complex The success of this conference wlll not be that you speak out on this issue. matter. Each nation faces different problems judged by the views expressed here, but in terms of specific education needs and rather by their impact on future government each must seek its own solution. I hope and business policies aimed at narrowing the that our better qualified participants in this "Worldwide Learning Gap". It is my sincere SMOG: THE KILLER CAN BE conference can contribute some ideas for an hope that the exchange of ideas which will HALTED effective attack on this facet of the educa­ take place here over the next two days will tional challenge. produce that ripple on the surface of the sea The question often arises-do we have the whose time has come; a ripple which gathers HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. time? Don't we need a more direct solution? size and strength as it races towards the OF CALIFORNIA My answer is that there is no other solu­ shore. Our very existence may depend upon tion; furthermore, creating educational op­ it. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES portunity brings hope and with hope comes Wednesday, November 12, 1969 a lessening of frustration and very possibly the additional time required to solve the A COGENT COMMENT ON THE Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Speak­ basic problem of economic growth. PRESIDENT'S VIETNAM SPEECH er, for many years the dangers arising Because the need is so great and so im­ from significant air pollution-what we mediate, I urge every multinational corpora­ tend to term smog-seemed to be taken tion to adopt a "fair sharing" approach in its HON. GLENN R. DAVIS rather lightly. Visibility was hampered, foreign operations as is becoming increasingly eyes watered, coughs lingered, clothes common in domestic affairs. We accept with OF WISCONSIN drying out on the line came out gray; only minor grumbling, the cost of insurance IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES protection against fire, earthquake, and other all these things were irritations, but they natural calamities. I now propose a "busi­ Wednesday, November 12, 1969 soon went away. Now, the situation is ness survival" insurance policy; this to be Mr. DAVIS of Wisconsin. Mr. Speaker, changing. based on an annual contribution to an ed­ on Monday evening, November 3, the Now we know that smog is a killer. ucational foundation in' each developing na­ According to reports published during tion equal to 1% of the investment in that President's image had hardly faded from country. Let's consider for a moment the the television screen before some of the the current American Public Health As­ chain of events which would follow this network commentators and congression­ sociation meeting in Philadelphia, smog decision : · al critics were using the same media to frequently causes 10 to 20 deaths daily in First, this assurance of financial support belittle, carp, and disagree. . New York City. Stuart Auerbach of the will stimulate the development of private Like a breath of fresh air from the Washington Post detailed the situation foundations, which are today largely non­ heartland of the nation came the voice in this morning's paper, and I insert his existent in these countries. article at this point: This in turn would encourage financial of the editorial staff of WTMJ-TV, radio, contributions from local sources which will and FM, Milwaukee. Presented by John REPORTS TIE AIR POLLUTION TO DEATHS, help to bring about a _change in traditional McCUllough and Don Parcher, this edi­ ASTHMA, ECZEMA negative attitudes towards education. ·torial cogently and succinctly placed our (By Stuart Auerbach) Once functioning, the foundation would grievous Vietnam problem in true per­ PHILADELPHIA.-Badly polluted air fre­ attract U.S. Government financial assistance spective. Would that I had the eloquence quently causes 10 to 20 deaths a day in New providing a highly leveraged situation. Hope­ York City. In Buffalo, the number of chil­ fully by this time we will have created the to say what WTMJ said so well. dren hospitalized with asthma and skin in­ proposed U.S. nonprofit government corpora­ The editorial follows: flammation increases significantly when the tion-the Inter-American Social Development WTMJ Mn.WAUKEE, WIS., EDITORIAL air is particularly dirty. Institute. This channel for financial assist­ The importance of President Nixon's Mon­ These reports today at the American Public ance offers many important advantages over day night's broadcast to the nation lies not Health Association's meeting bolstered the direct government aid to overseas education. in what he didn't say but in what he did say. view of many scientists that pollution is one And finally for the school age generation While the President didn't disclose figures of the nation's greatest health hazards. there will be an increasing awareness of the on future troop withdrawals from Vietnam The report also underscored complaints "opening doors" of opportunity for those stu­ as anticipated, he did give a timely refresher made at the meeting about the lack of prog­ dents who are qualified by ab111ty and finan­ course on how we got into the war. in the ress in the fight against pollution. cial need. This will bring a positive change first place. He also fully explained the conse­ "Every year pollution has grown worse," in attitudes-a lessening of frustration-and· quences of an abandonment policy. said Charles C. Johnson Jr., head of the fed­ ultimately the capacity to contribute to ac­ Mr. Nixon revealed his frustrations at try­ eral agency that deals with environmental celerating economic growth. ing to negotiate peace personally, at the health. "Every year there is more evidence of For these reasons I am convinced tha.t a United Nations and in Paris. Yet, while he self-damage from environmental contami­ multinational corporation will receive an im­ was unable to get results through established nants. Every year our cities have become less portant and prompt dividend from this in­ avenues of negotiation, Hanoi showed its liveable, our highways more death-dealing. vestment. Furthermore, this should be viewed preference to speak to private individuals in Every year, the barrage of chemicals, physio­ not as a burden but rather as a great oppor­ this country. This method, it apparently be­ logical, biological and psychological stresses tunity. lleves, will wear down our determination to to human health has increased. I know that to some of you this suggestion hold our cominitments, fire up anti-Nixon "Yet we seem to have thought that we will seem to be a bit far out and perhaps sentiment at home and abroad and finally had to wait until we count the corpses in the anti-establishment. For this reason I would cause the United States to accept North Viet­ streets before we could mobilize our forces in like to quote from David Rockefeller's ad­ nam's demands. Hanoi even brazenly stepped defense of human health," he told the na­ dress at the International Industrial Con­ up its offensive action on the eve of Nixon's tion's public health leaders. Johnson is head ference here in San Francisco last month. broadcast to force a counter-action. of the Consumer Protection and Environ­ As most of you know, this was a conference The war has now been put into a true per­ mental Health Service of the Department of that brought together more than 700 of the spective by the President. He has stopped Health, Education and Welfare. leading business executives from throughout the escalation and cut casualties. He is not The New York study found a direct rela­ the world to discuss the developing nation sending more troops to Vietnam but instead tion between the amount of sulfur dioxide problem. Mr. Rockefeller asked the question, bringing them home. Our side has attempted and smog-major components in polluted and I quote--Can we perhaps fashion for the to cool off the fighting while Hanoi steps it air-and excess deaths in the city over a five­ Seventies a new development contract that up. year period. is free of the illusions of the Sixties and On the basis of Hanoi's past performances, "For the first time we are satisfied that we appeals not just to the generosity of rich an abrupt U.S. pullout from Vietnam would have some definite relations between sulfur nations but to their self-interest as well? bring about a bloodbath with thousands of dioxide in the air and excess deaths-almost Further in his address he added this South Vietnamese slaughtered. Furthermore, like the relation between smoking a.nd cancer thought-"In the Seventies, development America's word and leadership throughout deaths," said Leonard Greenburg, a pioneer should be seen primarlly as a process of the world would be sharply devalued and the student of air pollution and health. training and educating more and more peo- development of peace and democracy in He did the study at the Albert Einstein November 12, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 33949 College of Medicine in New York with Dr. changes, and then compare that to the ernment use. No matter how large the Marvin Glasser,. a statistician. piddling amounts allocated to reduce incentive, the auto industry to date re­ Other studies of deaths and pollution have concentrated on periodic episodes of ex­ smog and the priorities become evident fuses to give serious consideration to tremely dil'ty air. But Glasser and Greenburg for these bastions of free enterprise. building cars powered by other than showed that deaths started to rise sharply Indeed, the case against automobile gasoline engines. when there was as little sulfur dioxide fil­ manufacturers can be even more devas­ The third measure, H.R. 14579, tered outside into th.e air as .2 parts per tating. After all, in the recent antitrust changes only one word of an existing law, miiUon. suit settled after closed-door negotiations but that one small alteration would The number of excess deaths varies from between the manufacturers and the Jus­ create significant progress in this crucial 10 to 20 a day when the level of sulfur tice Department, the Antitrust Division struggle against smog. dioxide is between .2 parts per million and .4 parts per million. had accumulated enough evidence to The current National Emissions Stand­ The air pollution level was that high on consider making a criminal action, ards Act loses much of its strength be­ at least 10 per cent of the days during the charging a 15-year cons::,Jiracy by the car­ cause car makers are given a convenient five-year period oi the study. makers to retard development of effective "catch"-pollution standards can be set Sulfur dioxide is caused by the burning air pollution controls; instead, political to permit the fewest possible emissions, of gases and other fuels in industrial plants. pressures prevailed and the lesser civil but only if the costs involved are low. The smog is a measure of solid particles in complaint was lodged and then settled. My amendment requires manufacturers the air. In Buffalo, Doctors. Harry A. Sultz, Joseph While Federal District Court Judge to comply with the most severe standards G. Feldman. Edward R. Schlessinger and Jesse W. Curtis' decision to accept the "to the extent technically feasible and William E. Mosher measured the number of consent judgment left the door partly without regard to economic costs." children under 16 hospitalized with asthma. open for future damage suits against I am aghast that we have let cost fac­ and eczema, a skin infiamma.tion, against air the auto manufacturers, I am diap­ tors outweigh health considerations. No pollution levels. pointed that the proposed con3ent decree matter how expensive the most stringent They found 32.4! hospitalized asthma cases was accepted. This move blocks the pub­ standards can be, we must set them and for 10(),000 children when there was little air pollution. The l1'11i.te Jumped to 50.7 cases lic's right to see and analyze for itself we must adhere to them. per 100,000: at the highest pollution level. the information detailing the automobile It cannot be a matter of economics The· figures for eczema were even more manufacturers strategy to avoid provid­ in the traditional sense of profits and striking·. The low pollution rate of 2.9 hospi­ ing stringent pollution controls. prices; it is a matter of economics in the talized cases per JOO,OOO· children j.umped And I know that I am not alone in this sense of maintaining our increasingly lUlder conditions of btgh pollution to 10.2 opinion. Over 200,000 southern Cali­ scarce, abused, and depleted nautral re­ per 100',000. • fornians have written me during the sources, and the future costs of remedy­ The study found "a striking association" between air pollution and the hospitaliza­ past month expressing their deep con­ ing damages resulting from our failure to tion of boys under five with asthma or cern over the dangers o! smog and their impose these strict standards today ea:o. eczema. demands for positive action. be stupendous. ••These figures do not take into account I remain convinced that public and Prompt action by Congress is impera­ the effect of air pollution on the· vast. major­ Government pressure and appropriate tive if we are to halt the smog menace. ity of astmna and eczema patients who never legislation must be wielded to cause the Public response on this issue overwhelm­ requke· hospita:Uzation," the study said. "If auto industry to assume a proper re­ ingly supports the need for stronger con­ aJ.r ponurtton affects the incidents of the sponsibility and act to cut out smog. more severe eases among children, as is trols. The burden now rests on us to strongly suggested, there are important and Given our society's existing and potential translate public demands into effective widespread implication in terms of medical technological capabilities, I cannot ac­ legislation. costs, physician and hospitalization utiliza­ cept any arguments from carmakers Mr. Speaker, I now insert the report tion and personal suffering.'• that they cannot accomplish this objec­ on carbon monoxide and myocardial in­ A study at the University of Rochester by tive at a reasonable cost. farctions into the RECORD: Drs. David Rush and Walter W. W. Holland The logical place to start is here in strengthened reports given by Sir George CARBON MONOXIDE AND MYOCARDIAL Godber of increased respiratory illness among Congress. Certainly, I am aware that INFARCTION smokers. Sir Ge0rge is chief medical officer numerous air pollution statutes already (By Seymour I . Cohen, M.D., Margaret Deane, o:r· the British Ministry of Health. exist, but they are not halting rising M.P.H., and John R. Goldsmith, M.D.) Higb school students who smoke more pollution levels, and the one area exist­ INTRODUCTION than 15 cigarettes a day have 10 times as ing measures are weakest is where they Carbon monoxide (CO) is a major urban many coughing attacks and production o! deal with the largest of all polluters­ air pollutant derived primarily from vehicu­ sprutum as nonsmokers. And, the study said, motor vehicle emissions. lar exhaust. In most cities, moderate levels this was true of children as young as 13. As an initial step, I recently introduced of CO are restricted to the areas adjacent to three bills which propose to make the heavily traveled streets and highways. In These reports from the APHA meet­ several metropolitan areas, however, high ings tie in with a paper given last year auto industry proceed-without delay values may occur over large sectors of the at the Ninth American Medical Associa­ and regardless of costs-to produce ef­ community.1 Ambient CO levels appear to tion .Air Pollution Medical Research Con­ fective antismog cars. have increased in the last decade though the ference in Denver. That paper, written These bills augment my strong "Omni­ increase bas been erratic. Other exposures to by three doctors in the Bureau of Occu­ bus Environmental Quality Act" intro­ CO result from combustion products of pational Health and Environment Epi­ duced earlier in the session which sets cigarettes, cooking and household heaters, as demiology of the California State Depart­ well as industrial operations. out a powerful Government prograo to Carbon monoxide combines with hemo­ ment of Public Health,. concludes that maintain and enhance our environment. globin forming carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) "a:n assoeiation could exist between myo­ The first new bill, :a:.R. 14577, amends and to a lesser extent with myoglobin form­ cardial inf.arction case fatality rate and the Clean Air Act and is based upon the ing carboxymyoglobin. In the presence of atmospheric carbon monoxiee pollution." Petris bill which passed the California COHb, there is a shift to the left of the In lay terms, the doctors say that fatal State Senate a few months ago; it bans, oxyhemoglobin dissociation curves.2 This shift heart-muscle seizures are related to after January 1, 1978, the sale or use of is a result of the increased affinity of hemo­ smog levels. I shall insert the entire paper globin for oxygen in the presence of CO. any vehicle powered by an internal com­ There is, therefore, a decreased oxygen par­ at the end of this statement. bustion engine producing pollutants tial pressure !or a given blood oxygen con­ Both these reports contribute to the above very stringent levels. centration resulting in a further reduction mounting indictment against the pri­ The second bill, H.R. 14578, termed the in the availability of oxygen supplied to vate sector-and, more specifically, "Smogless Vehicle Development Act of body tissues. against, the automobile manufacturers­ 1969" proposes a $300 million 3-year A small fraction of the absorbed CO is which has continually, and predictably, Government grant program to develop normally oxidized to carbon dioxide. Endog­ shown more initiative in mair.taining enous CO is produced in small quantities and produce a working nonpolluting car. when hemoglobin and other cyclic tetra­ huge profits than in advancing the pub­ I believe this to be a much stronger ap­ pyrroles are catabolized. Concentrations of lic interest. proach to getting a low emission car than CO resulting from endogenous formation are All we have to do is add the billions of those programs which allow the Govern­ insignificant except in hemolytic disorders dollars spent ove::: the past 15 years by ment to decide among various proposals car makers for annual model style which one might be purchased for Gov- Footnotes a.t end of article. 33950 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 12, 1969 or during special situations when expired fatality rates were calculated. The "admis­ M.I. case fatality rates (arc sin transforma­ air is recycled without removal of CO. This sion case fatality rate" was based on num­ tion) and log CO were calculated for the can occur during closed-circuit anesthesia as ber of M.I. admissions on a given day with total Los Angeles area as well as the "high" well as in submarine and space capsule en­ the numerator being the number of these and "low" areas separately by each day of vironments. people who subs·eqtiently died during their the week to eliminate day of week effect and In 1959 the California State Department of hospitalization although not necessarily on to reduce possible auto-correlation (Tables Public Health set an air quality standard the day admitted. The "man-days at risk II and III). No significant association was for ambient CO of 30 parts per million aver­ case fatality rat

TABLE IL-RELATLONSHIP BETWEEN NUMBER OF HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS FOR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, M.l: CASE FATALITY RATES AND AMBIENT CO BY DAY OF WEEK, 195 HOSPITAL ADMISSION STUDY

Correlation 2 Correlation 2 coefficient coefficier.t Mean myocardial Correlation 1 Mean case fatality "admissions case Mean case fatality "man-days at Carbon monoxide infarction coefficient admis- rate per 100 fatality rate" rate per 100 (basin average) admissions sions versus CO admissions versus CO man-days at risk ~t~;,a~:r~~t:l~~

1 7. 4! 8. 46 0.002 26.0 30.114 3. 30 0. 067 ~!etJ:ys~:::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::== ~== 7. 66 8. 94 -.120 24,7 s. 130 3. 3(} . 039 Weekends.·-- ______• ______--· _____ • 6. 80 7. 26 -.022 30.2 . 177 3. 29 .149 Sunday·---·--· ______._., ______•••• 6. 53 6. 94 - . 251 28. 3 . 049 3. 21 • 254 7. 71 9. 54 • -. 234 25.4 .019 2. 55 -.016 := :::: ::======: === ==: :=: :: == :: =: := 7. 45 9. 41 -.071 23. 5 .134 3. 75 .160 ~~:s~JY·Wednesday-~===: ______~=_ __ 7. 53 9.13 • 150 24.2 3 • 273 3. 34 • 045 Thursday ______-·----·- -._-- ____ --_--- __ ---- 7. 71 8. 08 -.019 26.9 -.030 3.33 -.167 Friday_._._ •••• ______7. 90 8. 56 .121 23.6 2. 62 3. 54 .210 Saturday_.·-- ______•• ______7. 07 7.58 -.040 32.0 3. 309 3. 38 • 040

r Correlation between M.l. admissions and log CO (basin average). . JN+1 . h 'Correlation between arc sin tfanstormation of M r. case fatality rate (x') and log CO. Note: x=arc sm'\1 M+ +arc sm.\';x N+ , where x .1s the number of deaths and NISI. e number a Significant at the 5-pefcent level. 1 1 of admissions or man-days at risk.

TABLE lrt.-RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DAILY MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION CASE FATALITY RATE AND AMBIENT CO BY DAY OF WEEK- 1958 HOSPITAL ADMISSION STUDY

High area Low area

Correlation 1 Correlation I Correlation 1 coeffic.ent Correlation I coefficient coefficient Mean case man-days at . coefficient Mean case man-days at Mean case admissions fatality rate per risk case Mean case admissions fatality rate per risk ·.ase fatality rate per case fata Lty 100 man·days fatality rate c~ fatality rate per case fatality 100 man-days fatality rate cd 100 admissions rate vs. CO at risk 100 admissions rate vs. CO at r.sk

All days _____ ------·------27.3 20 •. 161 3. 41 0. 099 19.1 -0.003 2. 85 -0.075 Weekdays ._._--· ______25.8 2. !61 3. 44 • 084 18.4 • 050 2. 75 -. 071 Weeke!lds. ______------______-·----- 31.7 2.280· 3. 34 .151 22.0 -.112 3. 11 -. 078 Sunday ______------______29.3 .070 3. 30 a. 346 22.8 . 002 2. 23 -.182 Monday .• ______------·--··------26.3 • 057 2. 75 • 096 11.7 . 081 I. 89 -.207 Tuesday ______• ______24.5 • 057 4. 05 .159 21.8 . 206 2. 47 -.067 Wednesday ______._·-·-••• ______• ___ • 24.7 • 192 3. 50 • 070 24.1 • 228 2. 65 -.019 Thursday ____ •• ---·------______29.4 .164 3. 45 -.160 18.4 -.131 2. 86 -.031 Friday ______-·-----·-· •• ______24.3 3 . 346 3. 46 a. 304 23. 5 -.133 3. 84 -.082 Saturday _. ______-----· ______34. 0 2. 482 3. 38 -.054 21.2 -.193 3. 33 -.001

1 Correlation between arc sin tcartsformation of M.l. case fatality rate (x') and log CO. 2Sigrrificanl at the !-percent level a~igrtificant at the 5-percent 1eveL • - t x+l+ · wrtere x is the number of deaths and N is the number of ~ = arc sm 1/ N+l arc sm 'VJ-x- N+l admissions. 33952 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 12, 1969 TABLE tV.-COMPARISON OF ADMISSION CASE FATALITY of our 50 States. During more than two peace now. If you doubt this we suggest you RATES · FOR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION BETWEEN RELA· decades of operation, "Toys for Tots'' has try a plebiscite on the ques·tion of with­ TIVELY HIGH AND LOW POLLUTION AREAS 1958 LOS collected 48 million toys for distribution drawal. ANGELES HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS STUDY Respectfully, to 20 million children. RITA and THEODORE BIKEL. For the past 17 years the Lehigh Val­ CO Admission case (p.p.m.) fatality rate ley Marine Corps reservists in my own weekly------congressional district have been collect­ CONGRESS AND THE COMPUTER basi n More pol- Les pol- Sign 1 ing, repairing, and distributing toys. Week average luted area luted area + or - Last year 35,000 toys were distributed to HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD !______children who might otherwise have had 2 ______9. 56 21. 28 50. 00 a bleak Christmas. OF PENNSYLVANIA 9. 20 27. 42 0 + 3 ______14. 29 With Lehigh Valley newspapers pro­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 4 ______9. 41 30. 61 + 7. 52 24. 07 0 + viding news space and radio and tele­ Wednesday, November 12, 1969 5. • ------6. 84 39. 13 28.57 + 6 ______8. 62 30. 00 23. 08 + vision stations providing air time to help 44. 44 Mr. MOORHEAD. Mr. Speaker, are­ 87 --__ -_------______8. 43 24. 07 - publicize the toy collection program, over 6. 58 21.57 20.00 + cent issue of Modern Data magazine 9 ______32. 00 50. 00 100 merchants, civic groups, colleges, 10 ______6. 51 carried an article concerning "Congress 5. 78 26. 67 14. 29 + governmental agencies, and clubs aided ll ______5. 81 29. 51 10. 00 + the marines' effort. and the Computer." 12 ______6. 67 23. 40 33. 33 Washington Editor Harold Semling has 13 ______6. 58 15.79 45. 45 This year, 200 reservists of Head­ 14 ______5. 87 28. 33 35. 71 quarters and Service Company, the 4th shown a grasp of the "information prob­ 15 ______25.42 27.27 16 ______7. 20 Service Battalion, 4th Marine Division, lem" on Capitol Hill, and the great need 7. 04 14. 00 30.00 for modern management tools and tech­ 17 ------5. 81 22. 45 14.29 + U.S. Marine Corps Reserve, of Freemans­ 18 ______5. 96 24.53 30.77 burg, Pa., plan to collect over 50,000 toys. niques to help solve it. 19 ______5. 57 21.15 58.33 20 ______5. 83 26. 53 28. 57 The collection begins today and will con­ I include the article at this point in the 21______6. 43 25. 53 28. 57 tinue through December 17 under the RECORD for the attention of my col­ 22 ______5. 96 13. 04 15.38 leagues: 23 ______5. 36 24. 24 20. 00 + direction of Capt. George B. Hanily, 24 ______45. 24 33.33 CONGRESS AND THE COMPUTER 25 ______5. 84 + commanding officer. 6. 19 32. 73 26.27 + Congress has a long way to go before it 26 ______22. 45 9. 09 This is a fine program deserving of 6. 21 + joins the computer age, but there are signs 27 ------5. 63 29. 17 22. 22 + broad community support everywhere 28 ______26.09 23. 08 that it is making progress in this direction. 29 ______6. 58 + and I congratulate the Marine Corps 5. 54 22.86 8. 33 + Greater access to information, principally 30 ______0 reservists for making each Christmas so 31______5. 56 20.93 + through the application of modern informa­ 6. 97 41.46 7. 14 + very bright for so many unfortunate 32 ______6. 95 24.44 22. 22 + tion technology to the tasks of Congress, is 33 ______7. 17 23. 81 8. 33 children. 34 ______+ readily available. Only recently, however, h as 6. ll 15.00 15.38 Congress started to become concerned about 35 ______5. 78 18. 60 27.27 36 ______7. 19 33.33 28.57 + the possibilities of bringing this technology 37------7. 33 23.08 13. 33 + to bear on its legislative and other respon­ 38 ______16. 67 A TELEGRAM TO THE PRESIDENT 39 ______8. 49 22.92 + sibilities, and to take steps toward utilizing 7. 73 33.90 15.38 + the new instruments and techniques of data 40 ______8. 30 24. 24 0 + 41______7. 88 37. 21 28. 57 + processing. 42 ______8.19 22. 86 30.00 HON. EDWARD I. KOCH Increased demands on the Congress have 43 ______7. 64 28.95 18. 18 + OF NEW YORK been brought about by rapid economic, tech­ 44. ______9. 50 29. 55 17.65 + IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nological, and population pressures. Its work­ 45_ .------8. 99 29. 63 22. 22 + load has been drastically increased in recent 46.------5. 64 26.23 28. 57 - 47------11.58 28.85 8. 33 + Wednesday, November 5, 1969 years. In a recent Congress, for example, out 48.-.------8. 61 28. 57 14.29 + of 26,566 measures introduced, 4,016 were 49 .-.------10. 46 31.25 25. 00 + Mr. KOCit Mr. Speaker, I know the passed. 50 ______10.39 41.03 27. 27 51______+ President is receiving many telegrams Congressman William S. Moorhead told a 14.53 58. 62 20. 00 + and letters on the subject of his recent 52 . ------9. 31 28. 57 8. 33 + recent conference of the American Manage­ speech. He may not have an opportunity ment Association that this growing role of to read all of that mail and it may be the Congress is complicated by the fact that 1 A "+"sign is assigned if the case fatality rate in the more polluted area exceeds the case fatality rate in the less polluted that his staff likewise is overburdened. I the present problem facing it is "not one of area. suspect, however, that the President and too little information, but too much." The big problem, he explains, is "to distinguish be­ his staff read the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD tween the significant fact and the incon­ and I thought that one telegram which sequential detail." MARINE RESERVISTS AID SANTA was sent to him and which may still lie CLAUS COLLECTING CHRISTMAS Congress is slow to adapt modern man­ on his desk unread, might, if reported in agement methods. In· 1966 there were no "TOYS FOR TOTS" this RECORD, be seen either by him or a computer activities in Congress except for member of his staff. That telegram, a one small payroll unit in the Library of Con­ copy of which follows, states a point of gress. Now there are a few more data process­ HON. FRED B. ROONEY ing systems at work on Capitol Hill, but the OF PENNSYLVANIA view with which I concur: legislative branch is still far behind the ex­ NEW YORK CITY, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ecutive branch in the use of modern data Nov ember 4, 1969. systems. Congressman Moorhead is greatly Wednesday, November 12, 1969 RICHARD M. NIXON, concerned about this situation. He believes White House, that this lack of use has "jeopardized the Mr. ROONEY of Pennsylvania. Mr. Washington, D .C. balance which Congress must maintain be­ Speaker, there are thousands of organi­ MR. PRESIDENT : We had expect ed your ad­ tween it and the executive," and that im­ zations across the country who perform dress last night to offer some hope that at balance could be corrected by increased in­ a myriad of volunteer services for the last the disastrous course taken by your pred­ stallation of computerized systems by the welfare of their fellow Americans. There ecessor, which also was so sadly unfortu­ Legislative branch. is one organization among these that I nate for him, personally, would be reversed. One of the chief promoters of the use of feel is particularly deserving of special Such was not the case. We were in fact computers by Congress is Rep. Jack Brooks served more of the same stale explanations, (D., Tex.), Chairman of the Government Ac­ recognition at this time of year for its excuses and historical inaccuracies. monumental effort to make Christmas a tivities Subcommittee of the Committee on Your mandate was and is for peace, to get Government Operations. "The state of the happy day for millions of America's less us out of this loathsome, debilitating war art in data processing and information han­ fortunate youngsters. . . . not to attempt to save the last shreds dling has developed to the point where it I speak, of course, of the U.S. Marine of tarnished honor. The inference that all· can be of material assi:;tance to the Con­ Corps Reserve's "Toys for Tots" program. dissent be labelled irresponsible or disloyal gress in coping with the constantly increas­ we found frightening carrying as it did the ing complexity and volume of data inherent Initiated by three marine officers in foreboding of repressive measures to come. Los Angeles, Calif., in 1947, "Toys for in the legislative process. The time has come It also suggests that you have followed the for us to make full use of tbese new capabil­ Tots" has grown until the present day pattern of insulat ion from the people started ities. In Congress every day,'' Rep. Brooks when ·Marine Reserve units are spear­ by Mr. Johnson. Mr. President, your silent explains, "we witness increasingly serious heading toy drives in over 200 cities in 45 m ajority is fin ding its voice and it calls for symptoms of the inadequacies of traditional November 12, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 33953 information handling techniques to meet ticated computer systems (e.g., New York, Among the most important applications he present and future demands. Penn., Texas, North Carolina, and Florida). has asked the House Administration Com­ "If data processing were to provide us with The areas in which Congress might apply mittee to consider are (1) a computerized only a 5% increase in efficiency in handling EDP include: determining the status of addressing service, (2) an electronic voting budget and appropriation matters, the sav­ pending legislation, obtaining information system, and {3) an information retrieval ings under present budgetary levels would about the activity of lobbyists, directly ac­ system. exceed $4 billion annually." cessing legislative files, searching legal in­ Computerized addressing service formation and literature, developing an au­ LEGISLATIVE LAG A centrally-located, high-speed, selective tomated index and catalog of Congressional addressing service would save clerical time "It's time the United States Congress joined documents, and maintaining the payroll ac­ the 20th Century," according to Congress­ and provide additional space in offices by counts of Congressional employees. Each eliminating addressing machines and cab­ man Dante B. Fascell (D-Fla..). "The mas­ chamber of Congress, as an entity, could sive volume of information and statistics inets. A similar system is presently being used use EDP for obtaining information on issues by the Senate and about one-third of the which constantly accompanies matters be­ up for a vote, analyzing post-vote informa­ fore the Congress and its committees cannot Senators' addresses have been already con­ tion, and electronic (remote) voting by Con­ verted to magnetic tape. possibly be accorded the time and study re­ gressmen. Congressional committees of sub­ quired for the members to unders,tand fully committees could use it to schedule meet­ Electronic voting systems and act upon them intell1gently." ings and hearings, print histories of com­ The office of the House Clerk has for over As an example, Congressman Fascell cited mittee aotion, update committe,e files, oolleCJt a year been conducting research on the auto­ the "fifty-one federal departments and agen­ information on Federal contract awards, and mated approach to member voting in the cies employing approximately one million gather statistics and information on appro­ House Chamber. people and e~pending sums in excess of $150 priations. Individual congressmen could use "Voting electronically on the House floor b1111on annually" that must be provided for it to compare constituent information, re­ is a delicate, highly-sensitive thing, and in a budget which, in condensed form, is ply to correspondence, and aid them in se­ should be looked at completely and care­ contained in a book larger than the tele­ lecting their reading. fully." Mr. Jennings said. "A modern system phone directories of most major cities. "The Congressman Brademas sees a further sys­ should be installed which will be capable of use of computers by the legislative branch tem in Congress which would provide: providing functions beyond electronic voting would enable Congress to have budgetary Legislative research reports transmitted as new technological developments occur." and cost analysis information from every from the Library of Congress to members' In addition, it should provide optimum federal agency immeditately available." offices. reliability and simplicity of operation, and Congressman Fascell points up a. paradox. Schedules of committee meetings and conform to the aesthetic and traditional en­ "The federal government is the world's larg­ hearings automatically printed or flashed on vironment of the Chamber. est user of computers, with more than 4,000 screens in committee rooms and members' A basic system would require individual computer systems. Yet the legislative branch, offices. voting stations for each member, a full dis­ which from a decision-making standpoint Status information on all federal contracts. play board containing all names, a. projector probably has the most complex and difficult A full index of all information on file in and screen for displaying statistical data. and role of any of the branches of government, amendments, and a CRT input console for has not kept up with these advancements. the executive branch's data banks, which could be tapped by Congress. the Clerk. Satellite CRTs placed in the of­ Only in recent months has the House of Rep­ fices of the Speaker, the Majority and Minor­ resentatives applied computer techniques to Detailed analyses and background on the President's budget proposals (now almost ity Leaders, the Whips, the Parliamentarian, such mundane operations as payroll and in­ and the Clerk of the House would allow them ventory. No facet of our leglslative responsi­ totally lacking) . A resolution passed by the House Demo­ to follow closely all activities on the floor b111ties is supported by an adequate flow of from their offices. The Clerk would be re­ accurate, up-to-date information such as cratic Caucus in February called on all House Democrats to support the use of computers sponsible for monitoring the condition of can be obtained through the application of the system. these techniques. in Congress. Mr. Jennings believes that if the approach "The design of efficient computer systems PRESENT FACILITIES is feasible, a small pilot system could be is a costly and time-consuming process. Ex­ There are (>nly a few computers now serv­ built and demonstrated to the House Admin­ ploitation of these techniques by the Con­ ing Congress. The largest computer is located istration Committee within nine months. gress will take many years. We cannot afford in the Library of Congress as part of the to delay any longer in establishing an ef­ Legislative Reference Service and serves both Information retrieval system ficient management system to allow for the the House and Senate. It provides every Con­ Mr. Jennings believes Congress should fullest application of computers to assist us gressional office twice monthly with a "Digest have some way to access information related in mee.ting the growing responsibilities we of Public Bills," including synoptic and to the status of ,legislation, committees, the have to the American people," according to status information on all b1lls and resolu­ budget, federal agencies, and· other pertinent the Florida Democrat. tions in both chambers. Each month, it subject areas quickly, easily, and accurately. Equipped with EDP and the staff to em­ prints a "Legislative Status Report" on two Because "the complexity, size, and cost of ploy it, Rep. John Brademas (D. Ind.) be­ hundred b1lls and generates selected bibli­ such a system is such that very careful study lieves "Congress will be able far more ef­ ographical information which Congressional and planning is necessary for its proper and fectively to tackle thorny public policy prob­ officers can request. most expeditious implementation." Mr. Jen­ lems in defense and space, transportation, A smaller computer is used by the House nings recommends that a pilot system of up health and education, pollution control, and for payroll purposes. to 30 terminals (CRT with keyboard) using urban rejuvenation." The possibilities for In mid-February, the House Banking and the data categories of the demonstration be using EDP to support Congress seems to him Currency Committee instigated a computer­ installed at key locations in the House. The "almost unlimited." ized system for keeping track of legislation terminals in the pilot system could be pe­ Congressman Brademas asks if Congress within its jurisdiction. The Committee in­ ripherals of the computer recommended for will "continue to deny itself the tools of stalled in its office an IBM 2741 communica­ centralized addressing. modern information technology and permit tions terminal connected to a legislative Information retrieval systems of the type the executive virtually to monopolize access memory bank in the Library of Congress. The proposed by the Clerk of the House are ex­ to such capab111tY?" same type of system, Congressman Benjamin tremely complex, and Mr. Jennings is aware The stakes are immense, Rep. Brademas R. Blackburn (R.Ga.) suggests, could be used of this fact. He therefore recommends that, warns, and "if Congress fails to create its own for committee hearings and reports. He has in view of the need for the system, an inde­ information analysis and retrieval capacity proposed legisl,ation which would require all pendent consulting group be called in while or to assure itself adequate access to the data legislative reports and hearings over 25 pages other work is progressing. He does not think machinery of the executive and the private in length to be indexed. Congress can afford delaying the system any sector, Congress will ultimately destroy its About two years ago, House Clerk William longer than absolutely necessary: "In order power both to create policy and to oversee Pat Jennings obtained approval from the to meet the increased technical complexity the executive." House Administration Committee to install and volume of Congressional legislation, the Congress is far behind the executive in its the first computer in the House of Repre­ Congress must have dependable information ut111zation of EDP. "The current disparity sentatives. This machine, an NCR-500, is which is readily available to assist in the in computer usage between the legislative presently being used in the Rayburn Office decision-making process," Mr. Jennings and executive branches both symbolizes and Building to maintain the payroll accounts states. "We have for sometime been faced helps explain at least some of the advantages of 7000 Congressional employees and control with a rapidly-growing data ga~ne which which the executive now enjoys over Congress an inventory of more than 50,000 items of must and can be closed by the use of auto­ in both generating and supervising policy," property. An NCR-100 was recently added to matic data processing." Rep. Brademas believes. He points out that the system, and additional applications are EFFORTS AND EFFECTS the executive currently uses over 4600 com­ under study. For a number of years, Congress has been puters while Congress, as of January, had FUTURE PLANS considering various ways it :might modernize only three EDP fa.c111ties. Since becoming clerk of the House, Mr. itself. The net effect of these studies, how­ Congress is also behind several state leg­ Jennings has suggested several areas he be­ ever, has been all out of proportion to the islatures in the development of fairly sophis- lieves could benefit by computerization. effort expended. After a 17-month study, a 33954 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 12, 1969 J'oint Committee on Congressional Reorga­ ARE VIOLATIONS OF DISTRICT FIRE on the other hand he has given permis­ nization suggested legislation which passed AND ZONING REGULATIONS TO sion for use of some buildings recently the Senate in 1967 only to die in the House. BE ALLOWED? Since a. key provision of most proposed purchased by GW from the American Congressional reform legislation involves the University in the GW area. The AU use of EDP by the General Accounting Office HON. JOEL T. BROYHILL newspaper, on page 13, states that SMC and the Legislative Reference Service, the leaders told President Elliott that "their major obstacle has not been the EDP provi­ OF VIRGINIA national headquarters" had been in­ sions, but the effect new legislation might IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES formed by the District of Columbia Zon­ have on established seniority. Wednesday, November 12, 1969 ing Commission that it was not against A blll sponsored by Rep. Jack Brooks and District of Columbia zoning laws to house seven other Representatives and approved by Mr. BROYHILL of Virginia. Mr. people in nonresidence buildings. The the House attempts to overcome some of Speaker, the question has been raised paper continues: these obstacles. The bill (H.R. 10791), which as to whether officials of at least two would pl"ovide Congress with an efficient in­ "Elliott replied to this saying if the SMC formation system, clearly states that the pro­ area universities and of the District of could supply him with a. written statement posed system will not alter the jurisdiction Columbia government are going to per­ from the zoning commission that it was of authority of any committee or any other mit violation of District of Columbia legal, he would reconsider his statement" de­ Congressional unit. fire and zoning regulations during the nying some SMC requests. The bill would delegate the Comptroller coming so-called moratorium. General of the United States (the General Local press reports strongly suggest All this raises questions as to whether Accounting Office) the authority to provide that officials of the American University university and city officials should en­ and coordinate electronic data processing and of George Washington University courage such permissiveness and, 1n ef­ usage in Congress. Three responsibi11ties are going to "look the other way" when fect, tacitly encourage acceler81tion of . would be given to the Comptroller General: demands which can only lead to mob ac­ (1) He would be charged with cooperating outsiders move into their university buildings, lncluding dormitories, to tion and disruption of our system of gov­ with the Bureau of the Budget in the de­ ernment. velopment of a compatible data system to sleep and to proselytize the students on support the budget and appropriations cycle behalf of those seeking the defeat of Maryland University, meanwhile, re­ and seeing to it that any system developed the United States. portedly is going to permit guests in by the executive branch also met the needs The front page of the American Uni­ dormitory rooms for the regular $4 fee. of Congress. versity students' newspaper for Novem­ I wonder if fire regulations w111 be en­ (2) He would be required to extend the ber 7 is primarily devoted to honoring forced. basic concepts of compatibility to any other data processing system developed for the the 52d anniversary of the Bolshevik purpose of processing legislative data. overthrow of democracy in Russia and SUPPORT FOR THE PRESIDENT (3) He would coordinate the general man­ victory for communism. agement of computers in the legislative Inside, on page 4, a spokesman for the branch to assure their effective and efficient Student Mobllization Committee is use. quoted as saying, to quote the news­ HON. F. BRADFORD MORSE CAPABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY paper: "That he had talked with various OF M;\SSACHUSETTS During a one-day hearing on April 23 to administrators"-of the university­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES discuss the coordinated use of computers in "and they had said that if a building Wednesday, Novemb~r 12, 1969 Congress, Deputy Budget Director Phi11p A. was used at the time of the march with­ Hughes said that "Modern information sys­ Mr. MORSE. Mr. Speaker, recently my tems and computers play a vital role in in­ out formal permission, there was not distinguished colleague, the gentleman suring effective handling and analysis of in­ very much the university could do about from Dlinols Td it. I watched our Congress in action support equipment and all accessory joined in the full funding fight. The yesterday ... for a. while, through the cour­ hardware, to be about $135,000. editorial follows: tesy of Congressmen Horton and Conable, I The report pointeC. out that three of THE POLLUTION CRISIS sat above our Congress as they debated the these Firebee targets, which are designed The Senate Appropriations Committee has issues great and small. Later in the day we to automatically parachute themselves once more raised the clean-water issue in very met with a couple of America's best known to a recovery area after a mission, had pointed fashion. Its call for $1 billion in the leade·rs and were invited to the White House been flown 38 times. This represents the form of matching grants to the states for for a chat with the director of the U.S. highest number of flights by a Firebee water-treatment plants is in line with the Budget. All told, we weren't in Washington more than a very few hours ... a city I have achieved in more than 20 years of use by demands of many civic, political and con­ the Army, Navy, and Air Force. servation groups that are alarmed by the known since childhood. Nonetheless, it is deterioration in our environment. If the Sen­ refreshing and important to go back on oc­ TAXPAYER SAVINGS REALIZED ate looks at the problem as carefully as its casion. Beoause, as commentators we of­ This record number of flights and us­ committee has done, it is difficult to see how ten ... we frequently, criticize the action age, the general estimated, saved tax­ it could reach a different conclusion. and the inaction of Congress. A sharp re­ payers more than $630,000 in replace­ No one seems to question the need for at minder reminded me of all of this at the Capitol today. I stood with Congressman ment costs. least $1 billion for clean water this year. That He pointed out that one of the Firebees goal was set in 1966 when Congress passed Gerald Fiord just off the floor of the House the Clean Water Restoration Act. But the as the Hub-Bub of legislative activity whirl­ has been fired at by fighter-interceptor government has been long on promises and winded by us. The Congressman said to pilots 181 times. At the time of his report, short on performance. Last year Congress au­ me ... "I suspect you as a commentator have the drone target had attained 31 hours of thorized the expenditure of $700 million for had at us frequently ... which is right and actual.flight time. treatment-facility grants but appropriated proper. But may I remind you ... this is The general's report explained that a only $214 million. The same figure was kept where it happens ... this is where just a few variety of electronic systems are carried in both the Johnson and Nixon budgets for hundred of us are responsible for the wel­ fare of millions. And as of this moment, no by the Firebees which score weapons fiscal 1970, but the present administra­ miss distances, eliminating the neces­ tion is said to have offered a compromise fig­ one has invented a :better system." I agree ure of $750 million when the demand for ap­ completely ... a frequent trip to washington sity of actually destroying a target to propriation of the entire sum authorized was 1s an excellent reminder of how lucky we determine the weapons effectiveness or being pushed in the House. really are. pilot skills. 33956 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 12, 1969 FINDS REPORT HEARTENING electronic and mechanical devices record Roberts for his heroic actions, I wish to near-miss distances of weapons fired by the honor his memory and commend his Finally, it is evident in this report that pilots from their supersonic jet aircraft. General Price reflected deep pride in the The average life-span of Firebee targets is courage and valor, by placing in the achievement of his officers and men in 15 flights, according to Bill Sved, manager of RECORD the following article: effecting this cost savings. His first and the Ryan Aeronautical Company's 57-man VIETNAM WAR TAKES LIFE OF MT. OLIVER MAN most demanding duty, as commander of support team at Tyndall. He noted that In­ Sgt. James Roberts of Mt. Oliver was killed the Air Defense Weapons Center, is to frared and other electronic devices mounted in action on Tuesday, October 28, 1969, while perfect in those who use the Tyndall on the tips of Firebee wings help lengthen serving in Vietnam with the Army Infantry. facilities a degree of military profes­ the target system's life span. Weapons fired Sgt. Roberts, a 1967 graduate of Baldwin sionalism that will assure them success at the target diverted from the exhaust pipe High School, is survived by his mother, Mrs. as a prime heat source by the augmentive Alberta Robert;.<; of Margaret St., three sisters, in actual combat. devices. one brother. Grandparents are Mr. and Mrs. Tyndall's contributions toward this ob­ Recovery is commanded autom·atically Henry Swartz of Mt. Oliver. jective have been reflected many times when a hit occurs in flight and a self-con­ over in the performance of cur men who tained parachute system lowers the target to experienced air combat in Vietnam. recovery areas on water or land. The three record breaking drones have REDUCE POLITICAL CAMPAIGN Too few of us, I fear, can share the been recovered and returned to the hangar feeling of self-confidence a combat pilot for refurbishing and flown repeatedly more COSTS must experience as he engages the enemy than any other target in existence, Sved over hostile territory. And the only way pointed out. Such target reuse offers a sub­ HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER he can develop this feeling is through stantial savings to the military. training programs such as those at Ryan Firebees have been used at Tyndall OF NEW YORK Tyndall. over a period of 11 years as prime targets for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Aerospace Defense Command and Tactical APPLAUDS POSITIVE ATTITUDES Air Command fighter-interceptor pilot;.<;. Wednesday, November 12, 1969 It is a personal pleasure for me to ap­ These fast, elusive, high-flying targets are Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, as we prise you of General Price's report. used at Tyndall to evaluate the efficiency of have seen from recent gubernatorial and air-to-air missiles and a pilot's firing skill. mayoral elections across the country, the Through the report, we are witnesses to The targets fly at more tllan 700 mph at a source of self-confidence and security 50,000 feet for more than one hour. costs of political campaigns continue to which all in our country can share. Be­ A huge overwater firing range embraces soar. It is vital, in my view, that this yond this critically important aspect, the hundreds of square miles of open water, ex­ trend be reversed and I believe that Con­ report :p.oints to a constant, compelling tending into the Gulf of Mexico. This makes gress should give full and careful consid­ effort exerted by his command to do the it ideal for interceptor weapons firing, be­ eration to a number of proposals which job under stringent economic circum­ cause the supersonic speeds of these jet air­ have been made in recent weeks. craft and the range of their missiles require In this regard, a thoughtful and per­ stances. an ample safety margin to protect the public, I applaud this objective most pro­ real property and shipping. spective analysis of the issue was pre­ foundly, and believe I am joined by my As the Firebee enters the firing range, sented by Newton N. Minow, former c.olleagues in sharing this enthusiasm. ground control intercept issues commands of Chairman of the FCC and current chair­ I append to these remarks a copy of the "Scramble!" to the waiting pilots. Smashing man of the Twentieth Century Fund news report as published by the official into the air, the speeding jets move in for Commission on Campaign Costs in the U.S. Air Force newspaper, Jet Scope, of the search, intercept and kill of the foreign Electronic Era. Mr. Minow's analysis ap­ "invader." peared in the November 9 edition of September 17, 1969: Vectored into position as it zooms to alti­ THREE F'IREBEES SET NEW RECORD-38TH tude, the fighter's radar scans space, and the New York Times and I present it FLIGHT SURPASSES NAVY MARK locks on the target. The pilot presses the herewith for inclusion in the RECORD and A new flight record in remote-controlled :Q.ring buttons and waits for the automatic fir­ commend it to the attention of my col­ aerial targets was set in a big way by the ing as he closes range. leagues: Aerospace Defense Command base at Tyndall In a stream of fire and smoke, a deadly ISN'T CHOOSING A PRESIDENT AS IMPORTANT AFB Tuesday when three Ryan Firebees missile is unleashed at the drone--out of AS A MOON SHOT? sight and pushing the speed of sound. soared into the air at one hour intervals on (By Newton N. Minow) the 38th flight for each . . . breaking the As the package of destruction homes in, old record of 37 flight;.<; by a jet drone target. the target records the missile's range and Jack Gould's column of October 12, "Will The Navy's Pacific Missile Range at Port transmits the data to the ground scoring We All Have to Listen to Big Brother?," is Mugu, Calif., held the record until the Air station. The target's electronic scoring sys­ a valuable addition to public debate on the Defense Weapons Center's triple launch. tem permits the important weapons system issue of escalating costs of radio and tele­ The multi-nJUllbered target missions flown evaluation. It accurately records the "hit and vision time for political candidates. His criti­ by these targets represent a big dollar sav­ Iniss distance" of the fired missile. These sys­ cism of the Report of the Twentieth Cen­ ings for the U.S. Air Force as each target tems give quick results of the pilot's effec­ tury Fund Commission on Campaign Costs cost;.<; in the neighborhood of $135,000. Or tiveness in "killing" the target. in the Electronic Era represents a point o! figured another way . . . the three birds Regardless of the final outcome of the mis­ view which our Commission anticipated­ have flown a total of 114 missions represent­ sion-kill or miss-the pilot has benefited. but I regret that he did not give any at­ ing a coot of approximately $300 per flight. The training received is stored in his pocket tention to our arguments on the other side. The first record-breaking drone airborne of experience, ready to go into action in­ Our Commission was composed of five men from the ground launch site at Tyndall has stantly upon the sound of the klaxton horn with widely different political views and been nicknamed the "Red Phantom" by that warns of an air attack. backgrounds. Dean Burch, former Chairman Aerospace Defense Command pilots firing of the Republican National Committee, was their weapons at the target. long identified with the campaigns of Sena­ This target has been fired at 181 times SGT. JAMES ROBERTS tor Goldwater. Robert Price, former Deputy over the Gulf of Mexico firing range and has Mayor of New York City, managed the May­ accumulated 31 hours of flight time. From oral campaign of John Lindsay in 1965. launch to parachute recovery, a typical flight HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS Thomas Corcoran, a. key adviser of President ranges up to 50 minutes with six to eight OF PENNSYLVANIA Franklin D. Roosevelt, has been active in attacks made by ADC aircraft. Democratic politics for four decades. Alex­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ander Heard, Chancellor of Vanderbilt ALL THREE TARGETS WILL FLY AGAIN Wednesday, November 12, 1969 University, is a leading scholar and headed All three record setting Ryan Firebees were the bipartisan commission on the question recovered following flights Tuesday and will Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, it is with of campaign finance appointed by President return to fly again for even greater marks. deep regret that I announce the death of John F. Kennedy. I have been involved in Two of the jet targets completed their mis­ another of our brave fighting men, Sgt. four Presidential campaigns, most intimate­ sions and were flown back to the, land re­ James Roberts of Mt. Oliver, Pa., who ly in the 1952 and 1956 campaigns of Gov. covery area. The third went down in the Adlai E. Stevenson. Gulf of Mexico and was quickly retrieved by was killed in Vietnam on October 28, 1969. Nevertheless, the five of us came up with the Tyndall drone recovery boat crews. unanimous recommendations arrived at only Actually the target;.<; are augmented with We owe a profound debt of gratitude after deliberate study, extensive debate, and various systems which prevent direct hits by . and appreciation to our dedicated serv­ subordination of our own partisan positions. the Air Force's heat-seeking and radar con­ icemen who sacrificed their lives for this We recognize that Vot~rs' Time-our proposal trolled Inissiles. Instead, the broad range of great country. In tribute to Sergeant that all radio and television stations in the November 12, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 33957 country be required to carry some prime judgments about the men who would lead Humphrey, Nelson Rockefeller, Robert Ken­ time one-half hour broadcasts simultaneous­ them. We .also believe that to compare Voters' nedy, Eugene McCarthy and many other ly in each time zone--is a. fundamental Time with conventional programing is to lose leaders of both parties. It was approved by change in the way oampadgns are now carried sight of the unique importance of Presiden­ the House Oommittee on Foreign Affairs by on. But we believe such fundamental change tial elections and would compromise the se­ a wide margin. It was held in the Rules is essential unless we accept the idea that a riousness of the Presidential race. We also Committee and did not reach the floor of the candidate's access to the electorate should believe that as the institution of Voters' Time House. The prospects for passage are much depend upon his access to big money. developed, this direct and regular confronta­ better today. The democratic process requires open tion with the candidates would give voters a If the proposed convention ever meets, it forums for political ideas and the widest sense of direct participation in Presidential cannot commit any of the participating possible dissemination of information. As politics heretofore unknown. countries even though they send official dele­ GoUld points out, this can perhaps best be Broadcasters pre-empt regular program gates. But it could draft a plan for greater schieved by debates between the candidates. schedules periodical.ly for events of great im­ unity for submission to the various govern­ We agree, and said so in our report. But no portance. A Presidential speech, a moon shot, ments, just as our Constitutional Convention unwilling candidate can be forced to debate. a Presidential funeral. Is a Presidential selec­ of 1787 drafted an instrument of government President Johnson in 1964 and Mr. Nixon in tion less important? to end the political and economic chaos 1968 both thought they were ahead-and de­ which had ensued after the Revolution, clined to debate. !t still takes two to tango­ which . was then submitted to the thirteen or debate. Wishing it otherwise, as Gould states and eventually ratified. does, simply won't produce a debate. NEW YORK NEWSPAPER ENDORSES We shall not see a Federal Union of The There are now two kinds of political broad­ ATLANTIC UNION Free next year or the year after. But an casting. One is the kind the candidate pur­ Atlantic Convention would be a necessary chases; the United States is the only country first step in that direction. And a desirable in the world where this kind of broadcasting one. · exists. The other kind is the program which HON. PAUL FINDLEY Because the democracies have presently so the broadcaster provides as a public service, OF ILLINOIS much economic and military power, we are e.g., "Face the Nation," "Meet the Press," the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES prone to forget their weakness when divided, particularly the fact that about 70 per cent Great Debates of 1960. We applaud the latter Wednesday, November 12, 1969 enthusiastically-and indeed we recommend of humanity is ruled by Communist or that the equal time law be suspended in 1972 Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, the Octo­ Fascist despots whose chief objective is to as it was in 1g6o to permit such debates to destroy democracy wherever it exists. ber 17 issue of the Citizen-Advertiser of Believers in human freedom need the occur again. upper New York carries an editorial strength that only comes through unity. But our Commission's main concern was written by the publisher, Mr. Lithgow with the other kind-and the more than $40- milllon spent by the parties and candidates Osborne, in which the newspaper urges for radio and television time in the 1968 favorable action on House Concurrent general election campaigns. The Presidential Resolution 283 which proposes the estab­ OUR STATE IS FAIR-A SESQUICEN­ candidates alone spent more than $20-mil­ lishment of an 18-member U.S. delega­ TENNIAL TRffiUTE TO THE STATE lion in the general election campaign of 1968 tion on Atlantic union. This expression OF ALABAMA for broadcasting time-which was four times of support is most gratifying and I in­ the amount spent in 1956. Around three­ clude the text of the editorial at this quarters of this was spent on "spots"-short, point in the RECORD: HON. JOHN BUCHANAN commercial-like announcements which con­ OF ALABAMA tributed little to a serious discussion of the FEDERATION OF THE FREE: issues. A POSSIBLE FIRST STEP IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Our Commission concluded that the voter This year marked the 20th anniversary of Wednesday, November 12, 1969 has much to lose from present arrangements. the North Atlantic Treaty Organization We concluded: "Letting ability to pay de­ (NATO). Official observance took place in Mr. BUCHANAN. Mr. Speaker, 1969 termine access to the great audience and Washington last -April lOth when President marks the 150th year of statehood for fostering the development of commercial­ Nixon set new objectives for the alliance in the State of Alabama and our citizens like campaign spots rather than rational po­ the presence of the foreign ministers Of the have been proud to honor Alabama's ses­ litical discussions may in time subvert the 14 member nations. And next Monday the quicentennial year in a number of ways, democratic process." General Assembly of the Atlantic Treaty As­ Therefore, we propose a new kind of politi­ sociation (ATA) will meet in Washington. The pride which we have in our State cal broadcasting: one which does not belong The gathering will be attended by some of and in its illustrious history is well ex­ to the candidate and which does not belong the original signers of the treaty among 300 pressed in the following poem, "Our State to the broadcaster .. Instead, it will belong to other delegates. is Fair," by Mrs. Katherine Hale Hanlin. the voter. Thus Voters' Time would be pur­ The ATA is a private organization with Mrs. Hanlin, of Birmingham, Ala., is the chased with public funds by the Federal branches in all NATO countries. It exists to general secretary of the Alabama State government from the broadcaster-at half promote closer relations and better co-opera­ Poetry Society. The poem follows: rates~nd would be carried simultaneously tion between the peoples of the Atlantic by every radio and television station for at democracies. OuR STATE Is FAIB least six half-hour periods in prime time in In our current absorption with Vietnam, (By Katherine Hale Hanlin) the five weeks preceding a Presidential elec­ there is a tendency to forget Atlantic affairs. Heaven's ruling "Executive Board" had mo­ tion. The cost? Less than mailing a 5-cent Yet NATO has been responsible--and is still tion well in hand postcard to every voter. responsible--for creating the conditions of To make a certain earth terrain into a special The broadca&ting industry has objected to security in Europe which have allowed the land. this proposal on the ground that the public non-Communist countries to attain an un­ They took the beauty, fruit and nature of a would give up its freedom of choice during precedented level of political stability and panorama, those half-hours. Gould argues that this economic prosperity. Where, Indians, smitten with that Eden, would be a terrible precedent "save in a However, the importance of the Atlantic named it "Alabama". moment of genuine national emergency." Alliance has not been forgotten by any They rested verdant woodlands, goodly hills We believe a Presidential election is as means, as the ATA five-day conference shows. against he~ breast; crucial as a genuine nat~onal emergency. For And on C'apitol Hill two similar Concurrent Amazing natural wealth was found a part of on the decision of the American electorate Resoltuions (Nos. 283 and 284) have been in­ vale and crest; hangs the fate of millions at home and troduced in the House calling for the ap­ They traced the freshest waters through abroad, war and peace, survivlil itself. pointment of a commission to meet with her multi-favored veins, Of course, there will be some people who repres.entatives of other Atlantic nations to Enriching soils and forests, making lovelier will object to their favorite program being explore the long-range possibilities of fed­ the plains. pre-empted. for a half-hour every four years. eration. We suggest that they are under no obliga­ These resolutions have been introduced by In 1699, Canadian French brothers, LeMayne, tion to turn on their radio or television sets Rep. Paul Findley of Illinois, Republican, With four conscripted vessels, one of which during this imposition, or they can turn and Representative Donald M. Fraser of Min­ was the ship, "Bodine", them off, and thus tune out their responsi­ nesota, Democrat. Recorded support of them Brought first of permanent colonists to tend bilities as citizens of a republic which de­ is also non-partisan. Ninety-two representa­ this lovely land, pends upon its citizens to cast informed tives, about two thirds Democrats (including Following 1540 Spanish men who had to dis­ votes. Sa.Jll Stratton) and one-third Republicans, band. We think. that if Voters' Time were in are co-sponsors. Frenchmen, Bienville and Iberville, a colony effect, a great new American tradition would A resolution in very similar terms was provided, quickly develop in which Americans would before the last Congress and received the With detachments at Biloxi, Moblle and Dau· sit down together to watch, listen. and make explicit approval of Richard Nixon, Hubert phin Island. CXV--2139-Part 25 33958 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 12, 1969 Thrilling venture, builded country, village, of the steps advooated by critics of the war [From the Ripon (Wis.) Commonwealth city or a town. during the 1968 campaign. He has made sub­ Press, Nov. 5, 1969] Invited kindness kissed the land; stars fell stantial progress, and deserves the time and PRESIDENT NIXON'S SPEECH softly on her crown. support nooessary to carry his plan fur­ ther. Pres. Nixon didn't release the magic genie Yet, under five of sovereign flags, the country The demonstrators would have him get or drop a verbal bomb Monday night when grew and flourished; out immediately-at any price. he discussed Vietnam. A State evolved from Territory, which was But- he cannot do that. The peace that There were no dramatics, no flash, no an­ rightly nourished ends the war must be a relatively stable ar­ ger. Just a plea for national unity and an un­ From 1819, when that most blessed land be­ rangement, not one that paves the way for derstanding of this country's commitments came a State a takeover by Hanoi. We have paid too much and heritage. Just plain talk and a request To 1969, our Sesquicentennial date. in lives and national treasure to settle· for for Americans to understand why we can't William Wyatt Bibb, first Governor of that less. just turn our backs on a people and dump Panorama, The silent majority, including most of the them. Was also chosen to head the new State of people in the Washington county area, real­ Nixon made it quite clear that moratorium Alabama. ize this and support the President in his or not he will not bend to the wishes of those The Latin words, "Audemus Jura nostra de­ methods. persons who advocate a quick withdrawal. fendere", The demonstrators have no monopoly on Not that he wants the war. He would like On our coat-of-Arms, means "We Defend Our the desire for peace. nothing better than to become the "peace Rights", always. They may, however, have a monopoly on president." This is the kind of stuff election short-sightedness. victories are made of. They accuse the government of having But Nixon has expert intelligence from blundered into the war. Now they want to people who are "on the scene" in Vietnam. SUPPORT FOR PRESIDENT NIXON blunder out of it. They state that to abandon a people who ON VIETNAM While the President has refused to be are trying to defend themselves would ex­ pinned down to a specific timetable on dis­ pose an innocent people to subjugation and engaging from Vietnam, he did say in no un­ mass terror and would severely damage HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER certain terms that as the South Vietnamese American relations around the world. OF WISCONSIN become stronger, the American commitment He has stated his plan for peace-an or­ will be reduced. derly withdrawal based on a firm show of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES This change-over will take some time, per­ good faith on the part of the North Viet­ Wednesday, November 12, 1969 haps several more years. namese. In the meantime, President Nixon needs Is this poor judgment? Is this a man who Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. support. wants war to continue? Speaker, one of the ways in which the T~e demonstrators, effectively using the We are certain the moratorium people are silent majority is heard is in the editorial med1a, made their point of view known last 100% true blue American. We are certain columns of the newspapers that serve month. Nixon is too. But, Nixon is also a realist, them. Far from the fevered banks of the The silent majority should make its view­ working with facts and faced with the awe­ Potomac reporters and writers report point known this month. some responsibility of preventing a World War. and observe every day the events in this (From the Sheboygan (Wis.) Press, Nov. 4, Americans should rally behind the Presi­ country. If we lay aside the great na­ dent. Some wm march against him. Mora­ tional organs of opinion and pick up the 1969] No CHANGE IN VIETNAM torium fever will burn in mid-November. papers from home, we often get a more But until the "instant withdrawal" advo­ accurate picture of the Nation's pulse. Americans, we believe, were disappointed cates come forth with a positive, practical Following the President's televised Monday evening. They were disappointed, program that will not undermine the Amer­ speech on Vietnam last Monday, anum­ not so much because they have reason to ican position, we suggest they keep still and disagree with Mr. Nixon's Vietnam policies, let the North Vietnamese and Vietcong fight ber of newspapers and radio stations in but because the President had very little to report. their own battle. and around the Sixth District of Wiscon­ Pres. Nixon has called for the "silent ma­ sin made themselves heard on the Pres­ They expected mOlutely no sane reason left for Colby, who ranks Quang Nam 38th out of the But there is no hint of compromise: "If the killing more than 1,000 young Americans be­ 44 provinces in security. Terrorist attacks are American Government realizes its erroneous fore the end of this year. Our present heavy: government officials and ordinary policy of aggression and is willing to end the course--spooning out American lives in an civilians are being assassinated, wounded, war of aggression, we are ready to discuss infinitely complex, inscrutable Asian game­ kidnapped. The province chief, an Army of with the American Government putting an is inexcusable. the Republic of Vietnam (Arvin) colonel, end to the conflict. . . . If the American It is difficult to conceive that the present figures that the Vietcong have 900 officials of Government obstinately pursues its policy of South Vietnamese Government can survive their own in the province. Our side sends out aggression, the South Vietnamese people are the end of the hostilities or that South "Political Recon Units" to terrorize and kill resolved to struggle to victory." Vietnam, even if we go on fighting, will not VC leaders. Both sides claim they want elections in be Communist-dominated soon after we Destruction in Quang Nam Province has South Vietnam, and Mrs. Binh says, "The leave. It really doesn't !Seem to matter been massive. Five years ago, the province question is how to organize genuinely free, whether we march to the transports today had 557 hamlets; only 308 are left. The num­ democratic general elections. The first con­ or dribble out before the 1970 U.S. elections ber of refugees has jumped in five years dition is there must be no presence of Amer­ or over the next three years. The results will from 35,000 to 124,000. (One of every 12 peo­ ican troops of aggression-and without for­ be the same-except in the number of the ple in South Vietnam is a refugee today.) eign interference. dead. Less than half of the province's rice land is "I consider the Saigon administration has In 1967, I traveled for Look along the cultivated. Fishermen may not return to no competence to organize these elections be­ frontier of American power on the western shore after 6 p.m. Anyone walking about in cause if the Saigon administration would edge of the Pacific Ocean, and came home the countryside after dusk without a light organize these elections, they would only convinced that our involvement in the fu­ is shot automatically. In this province of give birth to another puppet government. ture of Asia is irreversible. That conViction 540,000 people, only one Vietnamese doctor "The Provisional Revolutionary Govern­ remains. We are not about to scurry back remains, and while I was there, he was va­ ment has not asked to organize these elec­ into a Fortress America. Our presence across cationing in West Germany. The people in tions or put forth election laws, and we (ad­ the Pacific il5 too massive, our interest too the villages know nothing about the peace vocate) the formation of a provisional gov~ deep. But on this latest trip to Vietnam, I negotiations in Paris. ernment that will organize the election." saw that we have overreached ourselves. "Ninety percent of the people would cut That same day, Nguyen Thanh Le, the thin America's historic westward-driving wave our throats if they had the chance," a top bespectacled spokesman for the North Viet­ has crested. American in Quang Nam told me. namese Government, sat in a room behind a No one I talked with-certainly no Viet­ Ambassador Colby says, "It's been a war heavily guarded stone wall in the Paris namese-believes we should stay in Vietnam. between two apparatus, and the people wish suburb of Choisy-le-Roi, puffed English Everyone said we should get out. They dif­ they would both go away." State Express cigarettes, sipped amber tea fered only on the speed with which we should Warren E. Parker, senior U.S. adviser in from a signeted cup and said, "There can be do so. The moiSt m111tant-sometimes those the province, describes the situation tOday: no genuine free election while 500,000 Amer­ most scared for their own skins-said in "It's like a Cadillac pushing a Model T ican troops and 60,000 satellite troops remain three years. At a conservative estimate of through a muddy road with four fiat tires in Vietnam." He asked if there could have 100 U.S. dead per week, that means 15,600 with a driver who doesn't know where he's been free elections in France when it was more coffins. going and doesn't really care." occupied by Hitler's troops. Why is South Vietnam's political self­ On an island in the river below the pro­ I asked him why his government, if its ob­ determination still worth dying for? Because, vincial capital of Hoi An sits the Xyuen Long jective is to get the United States out, doesn't I was told in Washington and Saigon, we Refugee Camp. It vividly tells part of the agree to a cease-fire and simultaneous with­ have committed our word, and if we leave story of Vietnam's hopelessness. Here live drawal of U.S. and North Vietnamese precipitously, our word will be dishonored. 3,125 refugees. Only 240 are men. Until this tro~p s-and then the Americans would be We will lose face. Three years ago, Secretary summer, these people all lived on another gone. of State Dean Rusk gave me the same rea­ nearby island that was regarded as a VC Le tapped his right forefinger emphatically son for continuing this war. He called it "the stronghold. A swift military sweep scooped on his yellow cigarette box and said slowly, credibility of the American commitment." up the women and children and a few of "Let me make it simple. Suppose there is a The Nixon Administration believes we will the men and transferred them to this deso­ house, and a robber broke in and wrecks the be "severely hurt" if we "bug out." It wants late sand-dune camp. The rest of the men property and killed the wife and children. "a reasonable solution," praying for reason­ still are hiding with the VC in the tall grass. The master of the house has the obligation ableness from Hanoi while recognizing that Moving their families in this manner made to fight back. Simultaneous mutual with­ it is against the Communists' interest to be no converts, won no friends. drawal equates the bandit and the master of "reasonable." Yet President Nixon found himself able the house." He added, "The Johnson war is But by staying, are we telling Thailand, for to tell U.S. troops in Vietnam this summer: now becoming the Nixon war. Mr. Nixon is example, that if it gets into trou~le with 1 "I think history may record this as one of even more cunning, more perfidious." Thai or North Vietnamese guerrillas, we America's finest hours." I asked Le about the fear of many that would help? No one expects, I was told, that In Paris, the diplomats debate semantics when U.S. forces get out, there would be we would then send an expeditionary force to over whether troop withdrawals should be a bloodbath, especially of anti-Communist Thailand. called "mutual" or "simultaneous." In Sai­ Catholics. He called this propaganda of the The outcome of this "war of national lib­ gon, the politicians, fragmented in dozens of ruling class. "There are now in South Viet­ eration" has no relevance to the chances of parties, struggle for a piece of the spoils. nam many Catholic patriots and many CathM having more such wars in the future. Just And out in the countryside-where there olics and people of other religions who par­ about every Asian leader knows we have had is firing every night, assassinations repeat­ ticipate in the adVisory council of South enough in Vietnam. edly, where 12-year-old girls carry rifles-you Vietnam and in the leadership of the NLF Singapore's Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew feel that whatever happens in Paris or Sai­ and the PRG. told me, "Vietnam was a bad place to draw gon, the word will never get down to the "We have no discrimination against any the line." bitter, frightened peasants in the fields and religion. We unite with every patriot to de­ Why then are Americans dying today in the thatch huts. The struggle, the terror, the fend the country. So far, those who pre­ Vietnam? To give the South Vietnamese time dying of this desperate 23-year war-in which viously participated in the puppet adminis­ to prepare to govern themselves and defend more than a million people have been killed tration or army, no matter how their pasts themselves. Are these reasonable goals? and wounded-will go on and on. Says a were, if they favor the independence, peace We thought they were. We thought the wise American official there, "You can't ne­ and neutrality of South Vietnam, we will South Vietnamese leaders would use the time gotiate an end of this war. We can only nego­ cooperate with them and we welcome them." we helped buy for them-with American tiate our way out of it." In Saigon, Sen. Nguyen Gia Hien, who lives and money-to good advantage. But In a lovely house in the handsome Paris heads South Vietnam's largest Catholic party they have not. suburb of Verrieres-le-Buisson, Mrs. Nguyen and who studied at the University of Mon­ You need only go out in the countryside Thi Binh, foreign minister of the National tana and Iowa State for six years, disagrees. to see the failure of the succession of South Liberation Front's self-appointed Provisional He foresees a massacre. "I'm sure of it. We Vietnamese governments to win the people's Revolution ary Government, told me much are not scared of it. The killing is going on loyalty. Go to the upriver village of Dien Ban, the same thing in more dogmatic terms. An now already, not only soldiers but civilians. about ten miles south of Danang, our great attractive woman, she left a husband, a boy, They will attack anyone who is not working northern base in Quang Nam Province. You 13, and a girl, 9, in Vietnam to head the VC with them-not only Catholics." can get in safely only by helicopter. Here, delegation in Paris. Wearing a pale pink ao The truth is somewhere between a mas­ American marines have to wear their :flak dai and black silk trousers, she sat in a sunny sacre and a welcome. Certainly, the Commu- November 12, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 33965

nists will try to eliminate their most ardent jailed by military courts or by "administra­ low pay and the killing off of many of the opponents, and asylum will have to be pro­ tive procedures" at the government's whim. best officers-is an army that is incapable of vided for thousands. But this is a problem They are held for arbitrary lengths of time. defending its country, even 1! given all the that will have to be met whether we get out The secretary general of the House of Depu- . benefits of the United States technology. now or later. ties of the National Assembly, Tran Ngoc Says one American general in a position Hien's - party, a member of President Chau, says, "Many times people get kid· to judge, "They'll be reasonably self-sufficient Nguyen Van Theiu's six-party coalition, the napped in the streets and taken to places no tn time-three years from now." The ques­ so-called National Social Democratic Front, one knows about." tion is, can we wait? is strongly anti-Communist and consists A woman secretary in the National As­ When Vietnamization started, no one ex­ mostly of refugees from the North. Hien says sembly was jailed for a month because she pected to prepare the Arvin to handle the it was originally subsidized by the late has a relative in the Vietcong. A neutralist North Vietnamese Army. The hope was that, Francis Cardinal Spellman of New York, and politician was given a year in prison for in time, it could stand up to the Vietcong. Hien had a three-hour meeting last winter calling an illegal meeting-a press confer­ Now, the Nixon Administration dreams o:t with Cardinal Terence Cooke in New York ence. A Saigon University professor's two­ preparing the Arvin to cope with the NVA. Today, Hein accepts the eventual withdrawal year sentence for criticizing U.S. policy was too, as a possible alternative to mutual of U.S. troops. "Withdrawal of the main suspended; but ten months later, he was withdrawal. American force should take about three still held on the prison island of Paulo Con­ Of course, even if a cease-fire or peace were years. Give us a period of three years. Two dare. Publisher Nguyen Lau of the Saigon arranged and/ or American forces withdrawn, years is too quick for us. If after three years Daily News was sentenced to five years be­ there is no way to insure against reinvasion we cannot take care of ourselves, we have no­ cause he talked with a Vietcong agent. from the North in overwhelming force body else to blame. If the Communists take (Thirty newspapers have been closed down.) months after we go. over, some people will fly off, and we will Such cases do not increase confidence in Ironically, the greatest American hero of be guerrillas. And it will go on again." the possibility of free elections. the war, Gen. William C. Westmoreland, who Meanwhile, he presses Thieu for social and U.S. Ambassador Ellsworth Bunker does commanded our forces there and now is the land reforms. "We can do more for peace by not condone these actions, but he says, "We U.S. Army's Chief of Staff, has become a being more liberal, being better organized, have to remember they are at war. The war scapegoat in Vietnam. Some American offi­ less corrupt." is right on their own soil-right in Saigon." cers who want to keep fighting today claim Truong Dinh Dzu, who ran second to the A courageous lawyer, Tran Van Truyen, 56, that westmoreland fought the war all wrong, Thieu-Ky ticket in the 1967 presidential who has represented a number of such polit­ "clobbering everything in sight" in World elections and who favored talking peace with ical defendants, says, "We have a national War II style with big unit battles and massive the Vietcong and creating a coalition gov­ assembly, the president of the republic air support, while the enemy was fighting a ernment, was thrown into jail. But there are elected by a general election. But I tell you semi-geurrilla war. stlll some political figures in Saigon who we have a seeming democracy.... This gov­ The military public relations people's new advocate what Le and Mrs. Binh call "inde­ ernment permits no criticism." hero is Gen. Creighton W. Abrams, the able pendence, peace and neutrality." One group Sen. Tran Van Lam, a leader of Thieu's current U.S. military commander, whom they of intellectuals calls itself the Progressive National Social Democratic Front who be­ love to call "The Spoiler." Abrams• approach Nationalist Force. Its chairman is Tran Ngoc came South Vietnam's foreign minister in is not to wait until the enemy has massed Lieng, a 46-year-old lawyer. He told me, ''We the recent cabinet shuffle, wants the military but to hit him as he is preparing his battle­ advocate a complete and immediate cease­ courts eliminated and all cases tried in civil field and gathering his forces from his head­ fire. We call for a government of reconcilia­ courts. quarters safely out of reach in Cambodia. tion that will have the responsibility for Of an American withdrawal, Lam says: "Personally, I think it would be a very good Abrams told me, "There is a limit to what holding elections in Vietnam." SUch a gov­ the United States can do. The solution here ernment, he says, would be composed of non­ thing. This must be a Vietnamese war." The government in Saigon is not a popular has to be Vietnamese." He adds, "I'm in favor Communist nationlists of both sides, and all of taking out some American troops. There is its members would have to be acceptable to government. It is basically an army regime, and the people universally fear the army­ such a thing as helping too much." both sides. This rather idealistic plan would Yet, the fact remains that the Arvin con­ naturally exclude members of the Thieu any army. Hopes that the cabinet changes in September would bring into the government tinues to need a great deal of help. It has government as well as the Communists in three main problems. First, it is hated and the PRG. a broader range of civilian views were dashed by the appointment of a right-wing general feared by its own people. One American offi­ Although Lleng w111 not admit it, he is re­ cial in the field tells how a Vietnamese portedly close to Gen. Duong Van "Big" as prime minister. The real power behind this government is Ranger battalion, supposedly an elite unit, Minh, who ls perhaps the nearest thing recently went through a village, stealing South Vietnam has to a popular politician in the hands of the generals, and Thieu has constantly resisted American pressure to chickens and belongings. He said with dis­ and who has now been allowed to return gust, "You don't make friends that way." from exile in Thailand. democratize his methods and broaden his Saigon politics is atomlzed among north­ political base. What little has been achieved Second, a tremendous effort is .needed to erners, southerners, several factions of Bud­ is mainly the result of American persuasion train the Arvin's officers and men to handle dhists, Catholics, religious sects like the Cao and arm-twisting. Ambassador Bunker, complex weapons and communications sys­ Dai and the Hoa Hao, neutralists and anti­ Thieu's confidant, has by all accounts been tems, from radios to helicopters. As an Amer­ Communists. Splitting these groups are superb at this. But it has not been enough. ican officer told me sardonically, "We'll know layers upon layers of individual feuds and A knowledgeable American in Saigon says of we're making progress when we can get a historical animosities that go back to the Thieu, "He wouldn't have a chance in hell if phone call to the Arvin straight." period of French rule. And, above all, most the Communists weren't pounding at the Third-and most urgent of all-is the of the politicians are out for their own gates." problem of leadership. American observers gain. The Vietcong obviously want to avoid an say the Vietnamese, when properly motivated Says retired Maj. Gen. Edward G. Lands­ election, even if internationally supervised, and led, can be excellent soldiers. But the dale, who knows Vietnamese politics, "It's that would be managed on the rice-roots level Arvin's officers and even noncoms are too a family quarrel, and a very savage one, as a by province chiefs, district chiefs, soldiers often personally over-ambitious and corrupt. family quarrel can be." and police beholden to Thieu. The common All in all, I return from Vietnam this time The feuding factions seem no longer able guess in Saigon is that the Vietcong's Pro­ with a sense of hopelessness, deeper perhaps to get together before it is too late. But if visional Revolutionary Government would than the personal despair expressed by Look these anti-Communist and non-Communist win 20 to 25 percent of the vote. But since correspondent Sam Castan before he was nationalists do not unite, there is no chance Thieu won in 1967 with only 35 percent, and killed in combat there in 1966. that they can survive in the postwar politi­ a major part of that came from the army and Politically and militarily, the South Viet­ cal turmoil. the bureaucracy, he has little margin ot namese are still, after all these years, not yet Sen. Tran Van Don, a former general who safety. With PRG putting up a common prepared to take care of themselves. It would led the 1963 overthrow of President Ngo front and the Saigon politicians divided, the cost more thousands of American lives to Dinh Diem, says, "The problem is with the political struggle threatens to be as hopeless give them any chance to do so. Now that our NLF. The problem is inside ourselves.... as the military one has been. · Government no longer judges it vital to our "I don't believe President Thieu can lead Since a political solution that will leave security that South Vietnam not go Com­ the country alone. He needs to rally the South Vietnam non-Communist is so iffy, munist, what justification is there for fur­ army and the people. It is not enough to rally it's up to the army, the Arvin, to hold off the ther American sacrifices? the United States. But he is very proud. He Communists. Crucial is the speed with which The simple truth is that the price of keep­ is very jealous of his power. He wants to the Arvin can replace the GI's. The process ing South Vietnam non-Communist has been keep power for himself. I think he would like of preparing the Arvin to take over the fight­ raised to a level the American people are no to become a dictator." ing is what we mean by "Vietnamization." longer willing to pay. That is a realistic defi­ Responsible estimates of the number of U.S. officers now admit that one of the nltion of defeat. political prisoners being held by the Thieu great failures of our military effort has been If we learn the lesson of VIetnam-that government range as high as 30,000. Many our neglect of the Arvin. The result of this­ American power has its limitations-this war politicians, editors, intellectuals have been plus the Arvin's war weariness, corruption, may at least mark the end of an era and the • 33966 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 12, 1969 beginning of a new, less punitive and more THE SHAPE OF THE PARIS PEACE negotiations in Paris will bring little imaginative role in the world for the United TABLE States. more in terms of a settlement, than the Look's May 14, 1968, issue carried an edi­ last 18 months have produced. torial which concluded that "the most im­ HON. FRANK HORTON But by separating the prospects for a portant national business before us in this political settlement from the much year of political debate is to wind up our in­ OF NEW YORK brighter prospect of early and substan­ volvement in the Vietnam war as quickly and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tial U.S. troop withdrawals, we do not as honorably as possible, and to go on from Wednesday, November 12, 1969 have to abandon all hope for political there to the creation of a world order in self-determination for the Vietnamese which America's ingenuity will truly serve Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, a week the cat:se of peace." ago Monday, when the President spoke people. We must still work on the diplo­ Eighteen months, scores of meetings, hun­ to the Nation, he stated that in over a matic front for a just peace, at the same dreds of speeches, thousands of deaths, mil­ year of talks with the North Vietnamese time that we prepare the South Viet­ lions of tears and billions of wasted dollars and Vietcong in Paris, we have been able namese to fight on without American later, we think these words are worth re­ ground .troops. peating-here at the end of Bob Moskin's to agree on nothing except the shape of the peace table:_and as I recall, that Thus today, Mr. Speaker, I joined with eloquent report-in the hope that someday a firm majority of House Members soon, someone in Washington will have the alone took several months. :n courage to say: "We made a mistake. This is When President Nixon took office, he a resolution expressing support for the not our war. Let's stop it-now." began formulating what was to be the planks of the President's plan for a ne­ Simple? Yes. Politically risky? Perhaps. first major Vietnam peace formula for gotiated peace. I feel it is important for Humiliating? No-because that would be a our delegates to propose in Paris. He Ambassador Lodge and the North and new kind of American victory-a victory won announced this peace offensive last South Vietnamese delegates in Paris to over our own willful and self-defeating pride. know that a majority of the Congress A victory the whole world would applaud. spring. Still, like the first year of Paris negotiations, talk sessions since then supports the plan for a negotiated peace have been nothing more than talk ses­ which President Nixon launched last sions. For a long time, the Communists spring. This resolution reads as follows: PRAISE FOR UNIVERSITY OF were able to use the Paris platform to reiterate absolute demands that we with­ Resolved, That the House of Representa­ DELAWARE FOOTBALL TEAM tives affirms its support for the President in draw unconditionally. Finally, last his efforts to negotiate a just peace in Viet­ month, Ambassador Lodge responded to nam, expresses the earnest hope Of the people HON. WILLIAM V. ROTH, JR. a repeated onslaught of North Vietnam­ of the United States for such a peace, calls OF DELAWARE ese propaganda by walking out of one of attention to the numerous peaceful overtures IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the talk sessions. which the United States has made in good The resistance of the Communists to faith toward the Government of North Viet­ Wednesday, November 12, 1969 any solution of the war by negotiation nam, approves and supports the principles Mr. ROTH. Mr. Speaker, with all the evidences their determination to wait enunciated by the President that the people concern over trials and taxes, murders of South Vietnam are entitled to choose their out the willingness of the United States own government by means of free elections and maimings, poverty, protests, and pot, and its people to assist the people of · open to all South Vietnamese and supervised I certainly welcome this opportunity to South Vietnam. by an impRl't-ial international body, and that speak a few words of praise. So gloomy have the prospects for a the United States is willing to abide by the This past Saturday I watched one of political settlement of t.he war been, that results of such elections, and supports the the finest football teams in the history the President has wisely set a course for President in his call upon the Government of the University of Delaware beat Le­ Vietnamization of the war and with­ of North Vietnam to announce its wining­ high, 42 to 14. ness to honor such elections and to abide by drawal of U.S. troops even without prog­ such results and to allow the issues in con­ The game was not unusual. In six con­ ress at the peace table. He has said that troversy to be peacefully so resolved in order tests prior to Saturday, the Blue Hens the pace of U.S. withdrawals w111 depend that the Wal' may be ended and peace may have run rampant over their opponents; on the safety of remaining U.S. troops, be restored at last in Southeast Asia. the Delaware team has lost only once. on American casualty rates, Communist I would like to poi:lt out to my dis­ infiltration rates, and on our progress in The President has proposed a plan tinguished colleagues that I am not alone readying the South Vietnamese to carry for internationally-supervised free elec­ 1n my praise for the University of the full burden of combat. tion in South Vietnam which would give Delaware football team. According to In his November 3 speech, the Presi­ candidates advocating every kind of the latest UPI poll, the Blue Hens are dent expressed optimism on the pace of political and economic system a chance the third-ranked small-college football future withdrawals because of the prog­ to win the support of the people. It would team in the country. ress of the South Vietnamese forces, the not preclude a free government; it would Rather than single out any individual much reduced pace of infiltration from not preclude a Communist government; star on the field, I must say that I ap­ the North, and reduced American casu­ it would not preclude a coalition gov­ plaud the entire team for a string of alty rates. ernment; and it would not require or fine performances. I would also like to Earlier this fall, I cosponsored a res­ guarantee that those who now hold power add that after the final game of the sea­ olution introduced by Congressman PAuL in Saigon would continue in power. son, when Delaware beats Bucknell, I FINDLEY of Illinois, which supports the I think it is important to underscore will be delighted to salute the Blue Hens President's efforts to withdraw Ameri­ the meaning of this plan for a political as the champions of the University Divi­ can forces from Vietnam at the earliest settlement of the war. Our delegates sion of the Middle Atlantic Conference practicable date. In a speech on the floor should be given every chance to nego­ and, I hope, the winners of the Lambert on October 15, I indicated that the pro­ tiate meaningfully the points of this Cup. gram of troop withdrawals should pro­ plan, simultaneously with continued It would be appropriate, too, to say a ceed without regard for progress or lack Vietnamization and de-Americanization few words here about Delaware's out­ of progress at the Paris peace table. At of the war. There could be no clearer or standing quarterback, Tom DiMuzio. that time I indicated my belief that no more sincere demonstration of our desire Those who are critical of today's young political solution would be arrived at to leave the defense and the political des­ people should have been with me on anytime soon, and that there was a high tiny of the South Vietnamese people in Tuesday, Veterans Day, when Tom and probability that war would rage on their own hands. I toured the veterans' hospital at Els­ South Vietnamese soil for years after The resolution I have coauthored to­ mere, Del., together. I was particularly American withdrawal. Thus, while we day does not in any way mean or imply impressed with Tom's poise, intelligence, must work for a just peace in Paris, the that American troops can or should be and congeniality, and can easily under­ goal of American troop withdrawal and kept in Vietnam until the political self­ stand how such a leader off the grid­ strengthening of the South Vietnamese determination envisioned in our peace iron can instill drive and determination for self-defense must proceed upon the proposal is accomplished. On the con­ among his teammates at game time. assumption that the next 18 months of trary, the resolution goes hand in hand

• November 12, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 33967 with the earlier Findley resolution to­ to wait to see when enough taxes have been sergeant married his childhood sweetheart, gether, they express support for the collected to cover the December 1 benefit the former Nancy Wedding, of Indian Head, rolls. Md., in 1964. President's efforts to remove American Sincerely yours, Surviving, besides his wife, are two sons, troops from the battlefield, and to re­ HOWARD W. HABERMEYER, J. C. and Tonuriy Lee Winkler, both of Indian move American influence from a political Chairman. Head; a sister, Mrs. Martha Cantrell, of La solution which should be determined only Plata; four brothers, Navy Seaman Charles by the South Vietnamese themselves. On September 30 this House passed by Winkler, of Norfolk, Mac Winkler, of Wald?rf, Today, Members of Congress repre­ a vote of 372 to 17, H.R. 13300 which con­ Md., William Winkler, of Wheaton, Md., and senting nearly 150 million Americans tains the necessary legislation to correct Michael Winkler, of La Plata; his mother, joined in support of a negotiated settle­ the financial deficit of the fund and to Mrs. Mary Edith Winkler, of La Plata, and insure that never again will our retired his paternal grandmother, Mrs. Hattie w :n­ ment which would offer true, interna­ kler, of Pomfret, Md. tionally supervised free election and self­ railway workers have to fear for the pay­ determination for the South Vietnamese ment of their supplemental annuity. people. I join in the hope that this sup­ There was, and there still is, opposition AN OPEN LETTER TO THE port will strengthen the hand of our to some features of the bill. Unanimity PRESIDENT delegates in Paris, so that the shapely on all sides is not, and never has been, block of wood which we and the North either a realistic expectation or a pre­ Vietnamese agreed on months ago will at requisite to action on a complicated mat­ HON. JOHN H. DENT last begin to resemble what it was meant ter such as this. The provisions of H.R. OF PENNSYLVANIA to be-a table of peace. 13300 reflect the agreement reached by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the majority and it does offer what ap­ pears to be the best solution available Wednesday, November 12, 1969 consistent with the purpose of the Mr. DENT. Mr. Speaker, r put into legislation. the permanent RECORD an open letter to RAILROAD RETIREES FACE DELAY I ask my colleagues of this House to the President, signed by Eugene A. IN ANNUITY CHECKS join with me in urging immediate con­ Simon, president and publisher of the sideration of H.R. 13300 by the Senate Daily Dispatch, New Kensington, Pa. in the hope legislation can be enacted in MJ". Simon has been a longtime HON. JERRY L. PETTIS time to prevent the delay to the payment worker in the field of peace, inter­ OF CALIFORNIA of the December annuity checks. Surely national good will, and human relations. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Congress can act with dispatch and I believe this letter is worth reading by Wednesday, November 12, 1969 prevent these senior citizens from re­ the Members of Congress. It shows the ceiving a reduction in their supplemental type of editing, and reporting Mr. Simon Mr. PETTIS. Mr. Speaker, I rise, annuity at Christmas time. is known for in the four newspapers that today, to bring to the attention of my come under his publishing firm. These colleagues the serious condition facing dailies, the Daily Dispatch and the Val­ our retired railroad workers. In a time S.SGT. DAVID D. WINKLER ley Daily News, cover 43 municipalities in when inflation is on the rise these senior our four-county Allegheny-Kiski Valley citizens, on a fixed income and least able area of Westmoreland, Allegheny, Arm­ to cope with rising prices, are being noti­ HON. CLARENCE D. LONG strong, and Butler Counties. Their (iaily fied of a delay in the payment of their OF MARYLAND circulation is now almost 41,000. The supplemental a.nnuities. The situation is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES weeklies, the North Hills News-Record described in the following letter dated and Butler County News-Record, which October 29, 1969, from Mr. Howard -W. Wednesday, November 12, 1969 are averaging 60 pages standard size per Habermeyer, Chairman, Railroad Re­ Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, issue, have nearly 32,000 circulation and tirement Board, addressed to the Na­ S. Sgt. David D. Winkler, a fine man represent the largest and fastest grow­ tional Railway Labor Conference and the from Maryland was killed recently in ing weekly operation in Pennsylvania Railway Labor Executives' Association. I Vietnam. I wish to commend his courage and this section of the country. The But­ quote: and to honor his memory by including ler County News-Record covers 23 mu­ GENTLEMEN: As I explained in my letter the following article in the RECORD: nicipalities in the area north of Pitts­ of September 16, we have been temporarily withholding new supplemental annuity SECOND MINE Is FATAL FOR LA PLATA GI, burgh to the Butler County line. The a wards. This action was taken to conserve DAVID WINKLER News-Record not long ago, received the :funds for the November 1 supplemental an­ A 30-year-old career soldier from La Plata, top "General Excellence" a ward among nuity checks due annuitants already on the Md., who was wounded by an exploding land 2,300 weeklies in 44 States. This organi­ rolls. mine in April, was killed in a second mine zation has nearly 300 employees, with Now that all November 1 checks have been explosion Sunday while on a mission in Viet­ about half being shareholders. issued, we are going to resume making new nam, the Defense Department reported yes­ It is also noteworthy that these news­ awards. Payment of the backlog cases should terday. papers devote far more space to news begin some time before November 15. Army Staff Sgt. David D. Winkler was Though we will have enough funds to aboard a personnel carrier outside Da Nang as related to advertising than does al­ cover new awards, we will not haye enough when the fatal explosion occurred. Seven most any newspaper in America. This is for the December 1 supplemental annuity months earlier, he received internal injuries simply because they believe that news checks. Issuance of those checks will have to when a tank he was commanding rode over is the guts of this business. These news­ be delayed unless additional funds are made a land mine. papers have also won an unusually large available by legislation. The delay will apply He spent about three months in Walter number of writing and public service to everyone on the supplemental annuity Reed Army Medical Center in Washington awards. rolls, including those just awarded. after the mine explosion destroyed his tank. Any related tax credits to employers will He then served several months at Fort Knox, Mr. Simon believes in keeping public be Withheld during the period the annuities Ky., before returning to Vietnam October officials informed, and has never closed are withheld. 13 to begin a second tour. his columns to any worthwhile news or Advance notice of the' delay in the De­ "He loved the Army. That was his life. opinion expressed by public officials or cember 1 checks Will be mailed to annuitants He never had anything bad to say about the the everyday citizen. on November 10. It will be released to all government. He was a professional soldier," Mr. Simon and his staff portray clear­ annuitants who were on the rolls for the Mrs. Barbara Hitt, the sergeant's cousin, cut positions when they editorialize, and November 1 supplemental annuity check. said yesterday. Annuitants awarded a supplemental annuity Sergeant Winkler served in Vietnam with factual reporting of the news in their in November Will get a similar notice with the 1st Battalion, 69th Armored Division, and news columns. · their award letter. he was awarded a Purple Heart. I am very happy to be privileged to serve Some time between December 20 and De­ He graduated from Archbishop Neale High this district, and personally compliment cember 31, we will be able to issue the checks School in La Plata. In 1959, a year after his Mr. Simon and his organization for their due December 1. We are not certain about graduation, he enlisted 1n the Army. excellent productions. exact date of payment because we will have He was raised on a farm near La Plata. The The open letter follows: 33968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 12, 1969 AN OPEN LETTER TO THE PRESIDENT Only then will the tremendous resources can citizens to dissent from government DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: The Wire services and and potential of our wonderful country be policy and to demonstrate and voice their nation's newspapers, including ours, quoted fully marshaled and united under a common protest. But given the nature of the challenge you during the presidential campaign last effort for the national good and benefit of all we face in our time, it is my personal convic­ fall as saying you knew how to end the war mankind by all our people working together. tion t hat there is more hope for the world in 1n Vietnam. You indicated you had "a plan So stop the killing, Mr. President, and get one Boy Scout standing tall, proudly holding for peace" and would "act on it quickly and out of Vietnam before it destroys you as it this :flag of freedom in his hand than in the vigorously" if elected President. did your predecessor. entire protest movement in the United Nearly 10 months have passed since you Sincerely, States. have been our President. It seems reasonable EUGENE A. SIMON, As my colleague has well said, the true to inquire what has been accomplished t o Pr esid ent and Publisher . aggressors, the peace breakers, the law back up your campaign promise. There is breakers who have destroyed the world's strong evidence that your "peace we can be peace are not those who fight for their own proud of" is no closer to realization now than freedom or those American soldiers who sacri­ it was when you became President last Janu­ FREEDOM RALLY fice to help the courageous people of South ary. Further, your tendency to ignore sincere Vietnam to preserve that freedom; but those and conscientious disagreement on the part who would impose upon an unwilling popu­ of millions of Americans who equally love HON. L. MENDEL RIVERS lation a communist dictatorship in South their country, and to equate t his with a lack Vietnam. OF SOUTH CAROLINA of patriotism, is sounding more and more like There is in truth an evil force which we your predecessor. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES are fighting against in Southeast Asia. Let us look for a moment at what we are fighting The futile impasse and needless killing in Wednesday, November 12, 1969 tortured Vietnam meanwhile continues and for. Within the past two years we have wit­ American boys are still dying beyond the Mr. RIVERS. Mr. Speaker, at the Free­ nessed the birth of a miracle in Vietnam. 40,000 whose lives have already been sacri­ dom Rally on November 11 at the Wash­ For in the midst of the fire and upon the ashes of a protracted war, the courageous, ficed. And still there is no end in sight nor ington Monument, the Honorable JoHN resourceful, energetic people of the troubled any "quick and vigorous action on a plan H. BucHANAN delivered a magnificent land have drafted a constitution, adopted by for peace." and stirring address to the patriotic popular referendum, establishing a demo­ Increasing skepticism of our generals about Americans who came to demonstrate cratic republic with elected executive and the Army of South Vietnam indicates it is their loyalty to this country, to stand legislative branches and Sin independent no more prepared to take over the fighting judiciary. They have added to this by hold­ now than it was in 1962. It was then that behind those gallant men who are fight­ ing and dying in Vietnam and to prove ing local elections in over 80 % of the hamlets Vice President Johnson called South Viet­ and villages. The government in Saigon, so namese President Diem "the Churchill of to this country and to the world their scorned by its critics here and elsewhere, Asia", Defense Secretary McNamara later faith and confidence in the leadership is one created and elected by the people of said "the boys would be home for Christmas" of President Nixon in his effort to resolve that country as an expression of their self­ and the Joint Chiefs of Staff maintained we the Vietnam war with honor. determination. would stop the :flow of men and supplies and I was present at this rally and I heard This stands in vivid contrast to the gov­ bring North Vietnam to her senses if we the magnificent address of Mr. Bu­ ernment in Hanoi, as well as to everv other started the bombing. No matter now that CHANAN. A great speaker, a great theolo­ communist government in the world. Not one the bombing greatly increased the :flow was created as an expression of self-determi­ southward and escalation simply brought on gian, and a dedicated American, Mr. nation of a people. Not a single leader of any more escalation. BucHANAN stirred the crowd with one of communist country has been elected in a Now while the Saigon regime sells our hard­ the greatest addresses to which I have free election. None have ever been held and ware for the profit of its generals, President ever listened. I asked Mr. BucHANAN to none wlll be held. For every communist gov­ Thieu asks for more and more, including permit me to insert this valuable docu­ ernment, up to and including the Soviet atomic weapons so his shattered country ment in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD for Union itself, has reason to fear the exercise can be further shredded and desolated. Yet present and future generations to read. of self-determination by the people which it his million troops and our half million still I am enclosing herewith the address of governs. cannot contain the less than quarter-million In South Vietnam, even as we have helped Viet Cong and North Vietnamese troops this great and good American: our courageous allies to fight, we have helped combined that our military experts say are REMARKS BY HON. JOHN H. BUCHANAN, JR. AT them to build. One concrete example is in in Vietnam. Perhaps it would be helpful VETERANS DAY FREEDOM RALLY-WASHING­ the educational system, so vital to a devel­ if some of our government's military and TON MONUMENT, NOV. 11, 1969 oping country, or for that matter any coun­ civilian geniuses ascertained the reasons for We are gathered here today in support of try. Since 1954 we have assisted in building these incongruities. world peace, that just and lasting peace more than 12,000 local schools in Vietnam, We realize the problem of Vietnam is tre­ which can only be maintained when tyrants transforming education from a privilege of mendously complex and extremely difficult. know that the forces of freedom are strong a favored few to an opportunity for the many. We know you inherited the mess from pre­ and have the will to use that strength to We have assisted in the building of new col­ vious administrations. We also appreciate resist aggression. We are gathered to pay leges in that land and college enrollment has that you are pulling some troops out while tribute to those brave men who have fought increased from 8,000 to 40,000. the last President was sending them in, and in American uniforms to preserve freedom It has been my privilege to meet many of that casualties and violence currently seem and resist aggression in a series of con:flicts the men who serve in the legislative and to be declining while in 1968 they were rising. through our nation's history and those who executive branches of the government of But we also realize that our President and are doing so today in Southeast Asia. We the Republic of Vietnam. I have found Commander-in-Chief, in the most powerful particularly honor this day those who have among them character, dedication, high office in the world's most powerful country, given their lives that freedom might live in ability and a deep determination to build can make the difference if he fulfills the our time. a strong and truly free society there. The leadership potential of his tremendous office. There are those in our country who do not 1968 Tet offensive, so misunderstood in this Only YOU can do this, Mr. President, and seem to understand that we are confronted country, was a disaster for the communists, only you are the President of the United today by a world-wide communist movement destroying much of their political infra­ States of America. As former Vice President which in its varied expressions controls more structure and military leadership and most Humphrey said, "We only haw one President than 25 % of the earth's surface and more of the truly Vietcong manpower. North Viet­ at a time" , and now he is Richard Nixon in than one billion of the world's people and namese regular army forces have constituted the office he so rigorously sought. which challenges the freedom and self­ the overwhelming majority of the enemy And so, Mr. President, when are you going determination of the remainder of the world. forces we have faced since February 1968 and to demonstrate the imagination, the intel­ This force has chosen the path of militant this is increasingly the case. The people who ligence, the vision, the courage, the leader­ atheism, of repression of the human rights had already learned to fear the communists ship necessary to get our country out of Viet­ and liberties of those who fall under its were horrified by the communist atrocities nam? Hasn't there been enough disruption power, and of government of the many by committed during that offensive and for both and waste of human life and resources as the few through means of military force and negative and positive reasons have increas­ taxes and prices continue to rise without police power. It could well be characterized a ingly swung behind the Saigon regime, giv­ crucial national problems being solved, with neo-nazi or neo-fascist movement. ing it their growing support. Governmen­ crucial needs going begging? When are we as This is the nature of the enemy we face in tally, militarily, and in public support the a great nation going to stop the destructive Vietnam, which would destroy the freedom government in Saigon is growing consistently futility of a con:flict that never was in the and self-determination of the people of that stronger. best interests of America? When are we going Republic. In this situation we do indeed The above is testified to by the unbe­ to establish and implement the national need a moratorium-a moratorium on lievably high morale of the American forces priorities and needs that will truly ma,ke our totalitP;rianism and on communist aggres­ fighting in Vietnam. Despite the voices of country great and a r~al beacon to the world? sion. I for one recognize the right of Ameri- protest at home and the cynical use of the November 12, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 33969 protest movement in Vietcong propaganda predictable that delay means only sharply not say why some of the best "public rela­ which, of course, damages this morale, most increased cost. And delay also means that tions" men also come here--! mean people of us who have visited the troops there know some areas within the park's proposed like Clark Clifford, John Mitchell, Richard that our American fighting men deeply be­ boundaries are increasingly t hreatened with MacLaren and Richard Nixon. lieve in the rightness of their cause and subdivision development. And Ralph Nader is such an ace at publicity that they shall sue<:eed in their mission. Secretary of the Interior Walter Hickel, that most of the country -isn't even aware he I share that faith and that confidence. speaking recently in Chicago, said that the is just another Washington lawyer in disguise. Because these things are true, it is my Kiepartment was planning intensive con­ Well, there are many times and places conviction that the President's policy of step­ ICentration in the development of parks in when our two professions are seriously at by-step withdrawal and Vietnamization of metropolitan areas "where urban rec-,eation odds with each other. But one place where the war can and will succeed. For too long of outstanding quality can be provllded by they come together, and where close collabor­ the raucous voices of dissent have filled the the Federal Government." He wanted, he ration between them is essential-to come to microphones and noisome protesters have oc­ said, t9 put the parks where the people are. the subject of my talk today-is in proxy cupied the spotlight and the center of the There are certainly few areas in the Nation contests for control of corporations. stage. It is time for the 77% to make our which fit the Secretary's definition more pre­ As I am certain you are aware, it is all but voices heard loud and clear. We love our cisely than Point Reyes. It is easily accessible impossible to pick up a newspaper today country. We honor its flag. We stand behind to the 4.5 million people of the nine Bay without reading about a proxy contest-or our President. We support our fighting men. Area counties. It is already heavily us·ed. It its first cousin, a tender offer-for a major And we believe that under the providence of is urgent that it be saved. corporate prize. God and with the support of the American If it isn't Ling-Temco-Vought or Northwest people, they shall succeed in their mission Industries, then it's Gulf & Western or Tex­ 1n Vietnam. In so doing, we the American tron or I.T. & T. absorbing some other com­ people will truly serve the cause of peace. PROXY CONTESTS, CONFLICTS OF pany, or quite frequently a smaller fish INTEREST, AND THE PUBLIC IN­ swallowing a bigger one. In one story on Page 63 of the New York Times last week, TEREST there was news of ten different corporate POINT REYES NATIONAL SEASHORE takeovers, involving names like Corning Glass, Chase Manhattan Corporation, Shell HON. WILLIAM B. WIDNALL Chemical Company, International Salt Com­ HON. PHILLIP BURTON OF NEW JERSEY pany, Mead Corporation and Colt Indus­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tries-some of these acquiring and some be­ OF CALIFORNIA ing acquired. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, November 12, 1969 In this year's tabulation of the 500 largest Wednesday, November 12, 1969 industrial corporations in the U.S., Fortune Mr. WIDNALL. Mr. Speaker, there has announced that 31 had disappeared from the Mr. BURTON of California. Mr. been much discussion recently of cor­ list since 1968-26 of these via the acquisition Speaker, the urgency of authorizing ad­ porate mergers, acquisitions, and the route. ditional funds to complete purchase of way they are accomplished. Mr. Thomas The Harvard Business Review just reported land for the Point Reyes National Sea­ J. Deegan, Jr., chairman of Thomas J. that, between 1960 and 1968, the number of shore was vividly pointed out· in an Deegan Co., Inc., a New York public re­ mergers and acquisitions in this country had editorial of the San Francisco Chronicle lations firm, spoke to the Federal Bar more than tripled, from around 1,200 and Association in Washington recently and 3,800. Not all mergers and acquisitions in­ on November 10, 1969. The editorial volve the kind of blood on the floor that commends Congressman AsPINALL for discussed the involvement of public rela­ often goes with proxy fights and tenders, by recognizing the necessity for immediate tions in mergers and acquisitions, par­ any means, but they usually go up or down action if we are to preserve the Point ticularly those with proxy fights. together. Between 1962 and 1966, for example, Reyes National Seashore from com­ In considering the public interest, Mr. the number of proxy contests involving elec­ mercial development. Deegan has made some valuable points. tion of directors increased from 17 to 37. It is imperative that we complete the I commend the speech, which follows, to These developments have made such sub­ my colleagues: jects as corporate raiding and the growth acquisition of land for Point Reyes and of conglomerate enterprises a matter of major do so now. PROXY CONTESTS, CONFLICTS OF INTEREST, public concern. The government, as you I should like to share with my col­ AND THE PUBLIC INTEREST know, has been anything but a silent by­ leagues, the full text of this editorial (By Thomas J. Deegan, Jr.) stander while all this has been going on. which I place 1n the RECORD at this I am delighted to be here with you today. Both the SEC, with new disclosure rules, and time: I understand it was my old friend, Joe Bor­ the Anti-Trust Division of the Justice Divi­ kin, who suggested that I be invited to speak sion of the Justice Department, with legal MORE FuNDS FOR POINT REYES PARK to you, and I feel very much indebted to action against conglomerate takeovers, have COngress created the Point Reyes National him. moved in on the act. There is also a lot of Seashore in 1962, but, seven years later, has After all, how often does a man in public interest among members of Congress, in­ authorized only enough money to acquire less relations get to talk while more than 300 cluding Wilbur Mills. than half of the 53,483 acres which are in: lawyers listen quietly? I have frequently had Proxy contests have been an important eluded with the park's proposed boundaries. trouble getting even one lawyer to listen to concern of the SEC as long as there has been Inflation and a land boom triggered by the me. an SEC, and rightly so. And over that mere decision that the area would become a We usually have a kind of snake and mon­ period of many years I have been involved National Seashore have sent land values goose act, your profession and mine. We are in quite a few major proxy fights myself. spiraling. often, and sometimes justifiably, accused of Most recently our firm counseled M-G-M Congressman Wayne Aspinall's renewed ef­ trying to practice law, and you are charged management in two successful proxy con­ fort to obtain additional funds for the proj­ with practicing just about everything but tests in 1966 and 1967 when it staved off the ect, which he announced last Thursday, is law. Or worse yet, you too are sometimes ac­ challenges of Philip Levin, a major stock­ thus both wise and prudent. He has lent his cused of trying to practice law. holder. Just last week, of course, it was an­ powerful support to a bill for new appro­ Having had much to do wit h legal counsel, nounced that Kirk Kerkorian had been able priations, which is expected to be approved I know your admonition that a lawyer who to obtain about a third of the M-G-M's by the Committee on Interior and Insular pleads his own ca-se has a fool for a client. stock via the tender offer technique. What Affairs, of which he is chairman. Same here. he plans to do has not yet been disclosed, Aspinall decided to seek the money in the To put a new tooth in another old saw, it is but there has clearly been a substantial face of continued lack of action by Robert P . sometimes said that a good lawyer knows change in t he situation. Mayo, the director of the Bureau of the that if the facts are against him, he must Of course, the classic proxy contest was Budget, who has clamped a budgetary limit argue the law; if the law is against him, he the so-called "Battle of the Century," the on the funds available to the National Park must argue the facts; if they are both against fight for control of the New York Central Service for new parks or proposed ones. him, he has to retain a good public relations Railroad. Maybe it was because we were all The funds, 1-t is contended, are available. firm. But I beg your leave to amend that. If younger th en, but somehow that was much Congress has authorized an annual $200 mil­ the law and the facts are against him, then more exciting than the power struggles we lion appropriation to the Land and Water heaven help him. A public relations firm read about today. And maybe it was because Conservation Fund, but the director of the cannot. I have passed too many summers all the things we had learned in the fights for Bureau of the Budget has refused to allocate and winters to accept the idea that we are the Chesapeake & Ohio, for the Pullman all of the money up to this limit. miracle-workers. C:ompany and in our first t ry for the Central Point Reyes National Seashore provides a I have been reading about Washington were being put to work for the first time persuasive argument for release of some of lawyers in the current Fortune, which pur­ and we were inventing new techniques as this money and for its expenditure immedi­ ports to explain why many of the best lawyers we went along. As Joe Borkin pointed out ately. For escalating land prices make it in the country gravitate here. But it does in his fine book on Robert R. Young, we 33970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 12, 1969 spent seven years in preparation, and we The SEC Rules don't require that manage­ I remember an overzealous minor aide to went after this $2~ billion empire with ment turn over its shareholder list to a dis­ Bob Young who almost fouled up our end everything we had. sident group, but most state laws do. When of the New York Central contest. Young was It was a hard and bitter battle, and the we asked for the Central's stockholder list, here in Washington to address the National opposition gave us no quarter. As for our they sent it right over-a big bundle tied to­ Press Club, and he and I came down early side, we managed to throw a few punches gether with an old pair of suspenders. I and stayed at the Mayflower. That day Clint that fell within the Marquis of Queensberry don't know whether that idea came from Murchison and Sid Richardson were meeting rules of proxy fighting at that time. They their public relations adviser or from their with Bill White and Harold Vanderbilt in were legal, of course, then-although I'm general counsel, but it became our first col­ New York to see if a compromise could be not sure the SEC would be too happy about lector's item in that historic contest. You worked out. them today. might say that there was some symbolism in We were hanging on our chairs, waiting For one thing, there was a little rna tter of it-we got the suspenders because our ad­ for the phone to ring. And no call came, we 800,000 shares of New York Central stock versary would soon no longer need them. sweated out the best part of three hours that were owned by Young's Alleghany Cor­ Insurgent groups have some natural ad­ in dead silence. It turned out, we later poration, but that were tied up as collateral vantages, however, if they stop to think learned, that this young aide had left ex­ in a trust. Those shares were sold to Clint about them. For one thing, there are all the plicit instructions with the hotel that we Murchison and Sidney Richardson, but in a unhappy and disgruntled stockholders out were not to be disturbed by calls from any­ way that was so hedged over with safeguards in the woods. Every company manages to one. It also turned out that no agreement against loss as to hardly constitute a real accumulate a few, whether they are presi­ had been reached with the Central. But if sale. But Young felt that he had to find dents who have been fired or people who one had, Young would not have been avail­ some way to have the stock owned by his bought the stock at the top of the market. able to ratify it! own company voted in his favor. For another thing, there is the basic Amer­ A well-run proxy contest has to be or­ There were also our newspaper ads which ican sympathy for the underdog, the come­ ganized like any other well-run enterprise, constituted one of the first efforts ever made from-behinder-and small stockholders tend with defined functions and clear lines of au­ to rally broad public opinion behind one to feel this more than the big ones. Insur­ thority. The team needs lawyers, account­ side in a proxy fight. gents may also have the advantage of sur­ ants, public relations experts, professional Since the whole communications strategy prise, because the first move is usually up proxy solicitors, security analysts, and often was pretty much my affair, this may sound to them-although this is an edge that the others. a little like boasting, but it is also a little SEC has just about managed to el1minate. The lawyer, of course, should know the in the nature of mea culpa. A lot of you will There are also a lot of proposals that an statutory provisions and common law de­ remember, and others will have seen it in insurgent group can legitimately bring be­ cisions on any problem that may come up. Joe's book, the great ad that was headed "A fore a meeting. They can pick issues that He should be . especially fam111ar with the hog can cross the country without changing might embarrass the management without SEC and its procedures. Corporation coun­ trains, but you can't." alienating too many other stockholders, such sel should not be bashful about calling in There were also several ads that ran as as calling for cumulative voting, a new firm outside firms with that knowledge. "memos" from the Chesapeake & Ohio to the of independent auditors, or a woman or The same thing is true in the communi­ New York Central-one urging the elimina­ minority group on the board. cations area. The company may have a very tion of tipping in rail travel, and another For either side, it is vital to use all its able public relations staff, but most com­ pressing for the development of the high­ resources as well as it is able. A major proxy pany men usually have not had much experi­ speed "Train X" for passenger service. And contest combines the elements of a national ence in proxy contests. These executives on one ad was published in Yiddish! election and a war. The other side's weak the team must not only be competent, but The point here is that the C&O sponsored spots must be sought out and exploited, and they have to be given a significant voice in these railroad passenger service ads although salt poured in the rawest wounds; the pub­ major decisions affecting the campaign. its passenger revenues amounted to only lic must be wooed; the available forces have In a proxy fight, after all, it is important about 3 percent of its total. But we knew, to be deployed where they can do most good, to create a vast public conversation. This is even then, that one day we would be playing and time and a fine sense of timing are al­ more than a mere dialogue or debate, be­ a larger role in the railroad industry, so we ways of the essence. cause many parties must be reached and used the C&O as our sounding board-in the Over the years, I have been involved on many must be heard from-among the pub­ public interest. both sides of a number of proxy fights, and lic, in business, at many levels of govern­ It was a pleasure to serve as Chief of Staff I have watched a great many more. What ment. to Robert Young. As Joe's book makes clear, has been most amazing to me is the frequent Even though the major effort is to influ­ he was an innovator. He understood the use assumption by corporate management that ence important groups of stockholders-and of mass communication techniques to seek it is loved by the stockholders and that the surely we all agree that, in the corporate the support of the public. fight will take care of itself. It will not. It democracy, some stockholders are more equal I remember the occasion, for example, dur­ must be worked at. than others-it is most important to get the ing the Battle of the Century, when the late My own starting point is a document that message across in an idiom that most people William White, who was then president of I call "the 39 steps." There may be consider­ will understand. You must be able to talk to the New York Central, was undergoing a pre­ ably more or considerably less than 39', be­ the stockholders as partners. and as people­ trial examination, in a public hearing. The cause companies and proxy contests differ. and in order to reach them you have to talk prestigious law firm of Lord, Day & Lord was But this is the check list. There are some to everybody. handling the matter for us, with a senior itemS' on it that are common to all com­ The same thing is true of a proxy state­ partner in charge. Young instructed him, panies with stockholder rebellions on their ment or a prospectus. These documents, cir­ somewhat to his chagrin, to let me sit at the handS'. cumscribed by a maze of legal and technical counsel table and feed questions to him. The Item Number One on the list is to assume, requirements, can be bewildering to laymen. way Young explained it to me was, "We at the very first sign of trouble, that there The stockholder may very well resent them, probably aren't going to win this one, any­ will be a proxy contest. Here are just a few unless special efforts are made to clarify and way, but the press will all be there, and you others: simplify them. know which questions will embarrass Bill Security is a prfme consideration, because In their book called Proxy Contests for White." the element of surprise is so important. Corporate Control, two lawyers, Edward I suppose gambits like that always have The shareholder list has to be analyzed Aronow and Herbert Einhorn, ask for clearer their own use and their own rationale. our and broken down from many aspects-a and better language that "calls for the ad­ justification for them was that a proxy fight straight marketing task. vice and assistance of one skilled in writing in those days was pretty much loaded on the The "swing" is vital. When you get a large for the gen~al public." side of management. To a lesser extent, the block to vote for your side, you are also The same kind of recommendation came same thing is true today. eliminating that block as potential votes for just a week or two ago from SEC Commis­ Both state laws and the SEC Proxy Rules, the other side. sioner Richard B. Smith, who said that some for examples, forbid an insurgent group from There should be one key spokesman for proxy statements and prospectuses "almost submitting a proposal to a stockholders your side. defy understanding." It is obvious that such meeting, unless it is a proper subject for In addition to the overall plan of a cam­ documents, bogged down in a miasma of stockholder action. Management is under no paign, there is no substitute for knowing all prolix and eomplex prose, must fail in their such constraint, however, and it l!an be a the nitty-gritty de-tails. It can usually be primary purpose, which is simply communi­ good idea for management to get good assumed, for example, that a mailing is going cation. And those of us in the profession like marks from the shareholders by asking their out. But does the mail room know that it to think that an important part of our ex­ advice on running the business. should go first class? And is the envelope pertise lies in communication through the The management side also has a lot more the right size for the mail slots in apartment written word. information at its disposal about the stock­ houses? The good visual impression of a Beyond that capability, the public rela­ holders. If it is wise, it will get even more mailing piece may be undermined when the tions specialist in a proxy fight, like the information and work on establishing a letter is folded on the bias, the way all mail­ lawyer, must have some background in deal­ sound nne of communication. That can best men love to do. ing with the SEC. He would know, for ex­ be done when everything is going well, not Lack of attention to detail can be almost ample, whom to call and when to discuss a when things get rough. fatal. So can too much attention, sometimes. press conference or a public announcement. November 12, 1969 EXTENSIONS 0_¥ REMARKS 33971 He would be aware of the techniques in All of business, Justice Brandeis once said, pensation and perquisites that they fail to which a last-minute press release can be is invested With a public interest. Over the provide for the needs and future of the cleared with the SEC. years, however, there have been gradual business. I must emphasize, however, that usually changes in just what constituted the public It is also to the public's interest, how­ neither the legal nor the public relations ex­ interest, in who it was felt could serve it best ever, that there be some regulation, some pert in proxy contests get enough opportu­ and in what regulation and legislation were limitations and some reins on proxy contests nity to perform his very best services. For required to safeguard that interest. and on takeovers. These regulations should the time when his advice is most needed is There was a period in the development of not be strangulating, but they ought to long before the trouble begins. And we both our country when business leaders felt they provide some clear-cut ground rules. know that our most beleaguered clients have were the proper custodians of the public The rules we have today are just not good a tendency to wait until the last minute be­ interest. And, except for occasional diatribes, enough, either to protect the public or to fore calling us. like Teddy Roosevelt's against "the malefac­ give corporations and insurgent groups a An insurgent group of stockholders is tors of great wealth," that position went clear understandJ.ng of their rights and obli­ rarely successful without a good measure of largely unchallenged. gations. unWitting cooperation from management. Chauncey Depew-again as Joe Borkin Take the simple matter of money spent What paves their way is very often the pointed out in his book-was chairman of in contests, for example. The New Haven apathy, arrogance and unawareness on the the New York Central from 1898 to 1928, and Railroad fight cost each faction $94,000. The part of those who control a business. held that office right through the period Fairchild Engine battle cost management In stockholder relations, preventive medi­ when he served in the United States Senate. $134,000 and t he challengers $126,000. The cine is always better than remedial meas­ "Conflict of interest" was a phrase one just Republic Corporation contest of a few years ures. Of course, the best way to prevent proxy didn't hear in those days. back cost the management $257,000 and the contests is to run a business so well that no It was once pretty easy in this country for insurgents $365,000. The New York Central one would dare to challenge such manage­ the managements of most large corporations fight cost the management group $857,000 ment. to perpetuate themselves by simply asking and it cost us $1 ,309,000. But the trouble with this t oday, is that a the stockholders for their proxies. They In every one of these instances, the in­ business that is being run exceedingly well didn't tell the stockholders any more than sur~nts won. By precedent fairly well es­ can look especially tempting to the astute they absolutely had to about the business, tablished some 15 years ago, both sides were corporate raider. If the proxy contest nor­ and that wasn't very much. entitled to reimbursement of their expenses mally aims at a sick company, the acquisi­ That know-nothing era came to a fairly by the corporations. tion by tender more often focuses on a abrupt end in 1935, when federal regulation That means that the stockholders had to healthy one. of proxy solicitations began to provide what pay both sides for fighting over them. The The tender offer as a means of acquiring was called "fair opportunity for the opera­ battles may have been fascinating to watch, control of a company is a device that has tion of corporate suffrage." This introduced but were the ringside seats really worth that flourished in England for a long time, but it the somewhat revolutionary notion that if much? became popular here only a few years ago. publicly-held companies were to be run on a The Northwe&t-Goodrich fight, won by When Manuel Cohen was chairman of the democratic basis in our business society, then management, was said to have cost the chal­ SEC, he pointed out that cash tender bids even the smallest stockholder must have lengers $2 million. And this may very well had grown from a total of $200 million in some voice in selecting or rejecting manage­ be only the first round, since we have seen 1960 to about five times that much just six ment. It said furthermore that he was en­ that such battles don't end simply because or seven years later. titled to the information he needed to make the tender offer expires. The mere possession There are bona fide corporate acquisitions an intelligent judgment. of a large block of stock in the hands of one by tender that can be advantageous to all On the whole, Congress and the SEC have group is a sword of Damocles hanging over a concerned. There are some that take place done a pretty good job of keeping up with corporation's head. with the knowledge and approval of manage­ the changes needed in a time of transition, Unfortunately, while the amounts of ment. And surely some of the tender bids we and with curbing the worst abuses in cor­ money involved in proxy fights may seem siz­ have been hearing about would have been porate disregard of its constituencies. The able, they are actually considered very small knock-down-drag-out proxy battles just a SEC got its real franchise With the Securities by management, when compared to other few years ago, before it became obvious that Act amendments of 1938, and the amend­ intangible costs-but these are costs that an insurgent group with real issues to work ments of 1964 closed some broad gaps, such as the stocltholding and general public ulti­ with could be pretty effective. those in unregulated companies. When the mately pays. The great danger lies in the possibility of Williams Bill was passed last summer, it The New York Central contest ran for destructive take-overs. We are all familiar sewed up a major loophole by putting cash about four months, and the recent North­ with the "Chinese money" operators, the tender offers under SEC control. Its key pro­ west-Goodrich thing for about seven months. raiders who look over a situation, note the visions lay in the required disclosures of These absorbed most of the effort and ener­ presence of large amounts of cash or other information-who was making the offer, what · gies of management, with little thought liquid assets, and who move in for the kill­ was its purpose, and where the money was or the killing. given to anything but the contest. The stock­ coming from. holders have invested heavily in their mana­ These people are essentially predators, who All these measures have helped define, not use corporate assets for their own purposes gers-not to fight off challenges, but to run just what the public interest is, but who a business! and their own aggrandisement, and who may the many publics are. One sizable public, be totally ignorant of the operation of the A proxy or tender fight can shatter the for instance, is made up of the employees morale of an organization. Employees at businesses they acquire. Usually they couldn't who depend on a company for their liveli­ care less about the stockholders, the manage­ many levels, never knowing which way the hood and well-being. Another is made up eat's going to jump, may be frightened into ment or the future of the company itself. of the members of the community in which There is also another clear and present immobility. And when it is all over, there are a business operates; the wrong kind of inevitable residues of factional bitterness. danger in the Mafia takeover, in which il­ management has been known nearly to de­ legitimate operators acquire a business to use The company will have suffered both as an stroy a community that depended heavily organization and competitively. The costs of as a front and a tax cover. These elements on a single industry or plant. And many are usually both destructive and insensitive all this dwarf the dollars spent on the of our larger corporations h ave an appreci­ contest. to the practices of normal business men, and able impact on our total economy, as well. they sometimes bring illegal methods into There ought to be ways t o make this war­ businesses that until then operated entirely Stockholders themselves make up an in­ fare less costly, less destructive, less debilitat­ within the law. creasingly large part of the general public ing. There must be some workable formula-, Under our system, there is not too much in the United States. The number of Ameri­ for example, on limiting the dollars spent, that can be done about corporate acquisi­ cans who own stock in corporations and based on the sales of size of the company. tions on the open market. If someone wants mutual funds rose from 17 million in 1962 And it should be possible to make this work to pay the going price for stock, no one asks to more than 26 million last January, ac­ through honest reporting, in the same way where the money comes from. Even the cording to the New York Stock Exchange. that the income tax is made to work. Michigan Supreme Court has said: Another 100 million people-which is about Even better, however, would be some limi­ "It is one of the risks of publicly-held cor­ half our population-have an interest in tation on the time that a contest is per­ porations that a total stranger may purchase stocks through their memberships in pen­ mitted to take. The longer a contest con­ a controlling interest in a particular cor­ sion and profit-sharing funds and their own­ tinues, as a rule, the more bitter it becomes poration. If the purchase is not unlawful, the · ership of insurance policies. and the longer-lasting are its effects. courts may not superimpose their suspicions, It is to the interest of all these people Ideally, a proxy fight should be held t o the predilections, and judgments upon the ac­ to have our corporations succeed, grow and minimum time required-say two or three tions of the entrepreneur." prosper. It is also in their interest that weeks-to prepare a single statement for each As far as the Mafia is concerned, all we can there be proxy contests and the threat of side, and to have a single solicitation. Perhaps say is-some entrepreneur! But we have to proxy contests by bona fide interests. this could be stretched to a statement and agree with the court, until some more effec­ These are the public's guardians against a rebuttal, but not to endless rebuttals and tive way is found to fight legally against complacency, against managements that counter-rebuttals. The quicker and more badly-motivated takeovers and the shady get mired down in the past, against man­ cleancut a proxy contest can be made, the characters who engineer them. ageors so preoccupied with their own com- closer it gets down to just enough time to 33972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 12, 1969 accomplish the basic physical things, the I hope that Congress will speedily con­ tent~ etc. cannot be allowed to cause us to more everyone will benefit. sider the legislation which implements turn our backs on our Constitutional heredity There will still be some loopholes, of course. this program. and allow the slightest breach of our per­ The shrewdest and sharpest operators can sonal liberties in the na.m.e of good intent or always find ways to duck or get around laws honest effort. and rules, both in tender offers and in proxy The Board has stated that during the so­ fighting. As in any kind of warfare, new called Viet Nam "War Moratorium" on Octo­ offensive weapons can be devastating until JUSTICE VITO J. TITONE-DE­ ber 15, 1969, no pupil will be required to at­ a new method of defense is developed to FENDER OF DEMOCRACY tend school, although absences will be noted. neutralize or counteract them. Then the and that all teachers may refrain from their planners, and signers on the offensive side duties that day, although it will be charged have to go back to the drawing board. HON. JOHN M. MURPHY against personal leave, if in good conscience Unlike warfare, however, proxy fighters and OF NEW YORK they are opposed to the Viet Nam War, with­ proxy regulators have a different underlying IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES out penalty. The element of compulsion is purpose than just to destroy. That is to make clear. Students and teachers who do not at­ our business society work better and more Wednesday, November 12, 1969 tend school that day will be deemed to be effectively for most of the people. If we really Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr. against the Government's Viet Na.m War pol­ believe in the values of an open, competitive icy, and those who attend will be assumed society, this is the distinct and necessary Speaker, from Staten Island to Shea Sta­ to favor such policy. It forces people to take service that must be performed. dium, the American flag flew high a position when, as a matter of constitutional One of the great strengths of our society throughout New York City last October law, they are not required to do so. is that we have some built-in machinery for 15, despite the misguided views of a small The case of W. Va. Board of Education v. change. That machinery usually grinds to a minority that it shouid be flown at half­ Barnett, 319 U.S. 624. (1943) is in point. There, halt or rolls into action in some reasonable staff on moratorium day. One man re­ the Supreme Court held unconstitutional a relationship to the time when change is most resolution of a. Board of Education that re­ needed. fused to remain part of the "silent ma­ jority," and in speaking out--clearly and quired ali public school students to recite I know that we have a role in promoting the pledge of allegiance to the flag. The peti­ change and in informing about change and firmly-delivered a landmark decision tioners in that case objected to the recitation in keeping it fluid. I know that lawyers and rivaling all free speech cases. State Su­ on religious grounds and claimed that it vio­ the law have a very vital role in defining the preme Court Justice Vito J. Titone was lated their right to freedom of speech. After limits of permissible change and in holding it that brave, patriotic jw·ist who took poli­ observing that it was dealing "with a com­ to those limits. I know that we must both tics out of the classroom by courageously pulsion of students to declare a belief" (319 exercise our roles as a matter of doing our U.S. 631}. the Court said: jobs and earning our keep. ordering the board of education to res­ cind a directive allowing pupils and "The very purpose of a Bill of Rights was But we also need to exercise those roles to withdraw certain subjects from the vicissi­ as a matter of serving the public interest. teachers to skip school for the protest tudes o! political controversy, to place them The public interest is our interest, too, both and permitting schools to hold special beyond the reach of majorities and officials as citizens and professionals. Should we ever discussions on the war. Justice Titone and to establish them as legal principles to lose sight of that, there will not be much ordered the board to see to it that schools be applied by the courts. One's right to life, else worth working for. conducted "usual and normal" activities. liberty, and property, to free speech, to free He held that the board directive forced press, and freedom of worship and assembly, pupils to take positions for or against and other fundamental rights may not be submitted to vote~ they depend on the out­ the war in Vietnam and that the board come of no elections." A NEW DAY FOR THE MERCHANT had no authority to "involve itself in MARINE The Court also said: such controversial matters or moral is­ "If there is any fixed star in our constitu­ sues." Under the leave to extend my re­ tional constellation, it is that no official, high HON. J. IRVING WHALLEY marks in the RECORD, I include Justice or petty. can prescribe what shall be ortho­ Titone's landmark opinion. dox in politics, nationalism, religion, or other OF PENNSYLVANIA matters of opinion, or force citizens to con­ 1V£EMORANDUM OF THE SUPREME COURT, RICH­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fess by word or act their faith therein. If MOND COUNTY, OCTOBER 14, 1959 there are any circumstances which permit an Wednesday, November 12, 1969 The petitioners are J.ames .A. Nistad, 13, a exception, they do not now occur to us. Mr. WHALLEY. Mr. Speaker, in his student at Junior High School 27, and his "We think the action of the local authori­ message to Congress on the U.S. mer­ mother, Mrs. Marian Nistad.. They ~eek an ties in compelling the flag salute and pledge order directing respondent Board of Educa­ transcends constitutional limitations on chant marine, President Nixon recom­ tion of the City of New York to hold classes their power and invades the sphere of in­ mended legislation to provide new ini­ a.s usual on October 15, 1969 and such other tellect and spirit which it is the purpose of tiatives for strengthening the maritime relief as the Court deems appropdate. On the First Amendment to our Constitution to industry. Mr. Speaker, I support the October 8, 1969, the respondent issued a reserve from all official control." President's program as an effort to re­ statement declaring that teachers and pupils Highly pertinent to the instant case is the verse the present downward trend of the who wish, as a matter of conscience, to par­ following from the concurring opinion of Mr. ticipate in planned programs outside the Justice Murphy: merchant marine. schools would be permitted to do so. and the The decline of our merchant marine is "The right of freedom of thought and of pupils would not be penaJ.ized for their ab­ religion as guaranteed by the Constitution particularly acute in the vessel and ship­ sence; the teachers are permitted to charge against state action includes both the right building aspect. The privately owned the day against their personal business allow­ to speak freely and the right to refrain from U.S. fleet has dropped sharply during the ance. The programs referred to are the so­ speaking at all, except insofar as essential past decade or so, and now consists of called Viet Nam "War Moratorium" for which operations of government may require it for about 9•50 vessels. Though this number October 15 has been designated. The peti­ the preservation of an orderly society, ... as may appear large, it is inadequate to tioners assert that this action of the Board in the case of compulsion to give evidence in of Education violates their right of freedom court.... To many, it is deeply distasteful maintain the growth of the entire Ameri­ of speech under the First and Fourteenth to join in a public chorus of affirmation of can economy. Even more significant, Amendments to the United States Constitu­ private belief." Id. at 645. more than two-thirds of these vessels tion in that it places the affirmative support Those people who are strongly against this are over 25 years old or fast approaching of government behind a controversial politi­ country's Viet Nam involvement have a con­ this age. cal hypothesis, and that it illegally compels stitutional right to remain silent; some of It is alarming that our present vessel the infant petitioner to profess his views on these might prefer to attend school on Octo­ replacement schedule is only about 10 this conflict. ber 15th, rather than participate in any visi­ ships a year, or far less than the num­ The issue before this Court is whether or ble demonstration favorinz their position. not the Board of Education of the City of Yet, their school attendance would be inter­ ber of vessels which will be entering ob­ New York ha.s the power to act. in an area so preted as supporting the very view they op­ solescence annually in the next 4 or 5 touching upon matters of opinion and politi­ pose. Similarly, those who support the gov­ years. cal attitude. The Court thinks it has not. No ernment's present Viet Nam stance are not The President's proposal, projected for one takes issue with the fact that the Viet required to make their views known. Mem­ a 10-year period, will permit the con­ Nam War question comes high in the order bers of this group also may wish to attend struction of about 30 vessels a year. Dur­ of priority, and that it is an emotional and school for the sake of receiving an education controversial and moral matter. There is no and not as a show of their support for the ing this duration, a strong, modern argument with the fact, nor is there an issue war. Nevertheless, the action of the Board merchant marine could be developed before the Court, as to whether or not we are compels the implication that those who at­ and once it has reached a state of vigor­ all involved in this. However, the propriety tend school on October 15th support the Viet ous health, it should be maintained. of the issue, emotion, involvement, good in- Nam war. Similarly, there may be those for November 12, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 33973 and against the government's policy who are find itself morally committed to allow stu­ had enormous influence among the civilized ill on October 15, 1969, and physically un­ dents to participate, as in the instant case. nations of that era. able to attend school. The implication will be Students would quickly get the impression, The committee that wrote the Declaration that they support the "Moratorium" and are if they have not already, that they, have total of Independence was presided over by opposed to the war. All these groups are freedom, by official edict, to move about and Thomas Jefferson, but he had distinguished being pressured to reveal their position by participate in whatever they, in "good con­ colleagues in John Adams of Massachusetts, the Board's action. science," feel right at any time, and absent Chancellor Robert Livingston of New York, Equally important are those who fear for themselves from school in so doing. An impli­ and Benjamin Franklin of Pa. When that t he safety of their children, both because cation might arise, contrary to state law~ immortal document was proclaimed in Phila­ of the anticipated absence of supervisory that attendance in school is secondary to delphia; on July 4, 1776 it was a mere scrap personnel at the school and the real pos­ their right to participate in causes morally of paper until, under the leadership, cour­ sibilit y of demonstrators, picket lines, and worthwhile in their minds. age, determination and faith of George the like, in school areas. The respondent contends that it is in fact Washington in war and peace, it was trans­ There is a further and more compelling observing normal attendance regulations in lated into a government actuality as our reason why the Board's action cannot stand. that there is no punishment or penalty for a Representative and Republican form of gov­ The Board has relegated to itself the power one-day absence. Then it states: ernment, the oldest continuous form of gov­ to determine what is or is not a momentous "Attendance records are considered by col­ ernment in the world today. "Issue" of great moral m agnitude, appar­ leges and employers and for purposes of I am naturally proud of the fact that my ently thereby justifying the action it has school awards. It is self-evident that a pupil direct ancestor, Lewis Morris of New York, taken. Its own statement, as shown in its with a poor record will be hindered thereby." was one of the signers of the Declaration. The opposing papers, begins: "The Board of Ed­ The Board failure to warn the students of 200th celebration, which is less than seven ucation and the Acting Superintendent of these possibilities in its statement of October years away, should be the greatest national Schools recognize the universal desire of. the 8, 1969. Also, if attendance records are avail­ celebration in the history of our country. American people to end the war in VietNam. able to employers and others, as respondent The preservation of fi"eedom, which was We also recognize that there are differences states, a prospective employer could check vital to our ancestors, is even more impor­ among the people and their leaders as to specifically to determine whether or not a tant in our day and generation. The world how this can best be achieved." It is no person was absent on this highly publicized Cmnmunist conspiracy and totalitarian business of the Board to "recognize"' the de­ day, October 15r 1969, and might draw an in­ forces seek to undermine and destroy our sires or differences of the American people. ference about that person's politics. The harm free institutions, our Constitutional free­ The action of the Board falls within con­ is obvious. doms and Freedom, in all the free nations. duct proscribed by the Supreme Court in The respondent's contention that the peti­ The preservation of those freedoms is the Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 42 (1962), which tioners lack standing is without merit (Engel paramount and single greatest issue in the declared that recitation of the so-called re­ v. Vitale, 18 Misc. 2d 659 (1959), 11 A.D. 2d world. It, transends all partisanship. It gents' prayer violated the First Amendment 340 (2nd Dept, 1960), 10 N.Y. 2d 174 (1961), amounts to the survival of our country and clause prohibiting an establishment of re­ 370 U.S. 421 (19&2)), as is their assertion that civilization, based on our heritage of Free­ ligion. The prayer was composed by the New the petition fails to state a cause of action, dom. York State Board of Regents and recited on W. Va. Board of Education v. Barnett, supra. We in the Hudson River Valley, particularly a voluntary basis at the beginning of each Accordingly, the Court orders tha,t the re­ Dutchess, Orange and Ulster Counties, played school day. The Court pointed out that as spondent shall forthwith issue a statement or a very vital part in winning our war of in­ a matter of history the very practice of es­ directive rescinding its statement or direc­ dependence. They were all on the American tablishing governmentally-composed prayers tive of October 8, 1969 and also stating that side whereas Queens and lower Westchester was one of the reasons which caused our the public schools will conduct their usual were pro-British. At that time Dutchess early forebears to emigrate from England. to and normal school day on October 15, 1969. County which then. included Putnam, was this country, and that it was part of the The foregoing constitutes and shall be the second largest county in population in basis for the establishment clause in our deemed the order of the Court. the State. Albany was first because Lt in­ Constitution. The Court referred to the VITO J. TITONE. cluded most o:f Columbia, Schoharie, and the Book of Common Prayer and stated: adjoining counties. Actually. Dutchess was "The controversy over the Book and what larger in population than eithe!r Westchester should be its content repeatedly threatened or New York, but not by much. to disrupt the peace of that country (Eng­ SPEECH OF HAMILTON FISH, SR. I hope to be alive for the 200th anniversary land), as the accepted forms of prayer in celebration of the birth of our great coun­ the established church changed with the try. I hope to live to see the truths of history views of the particular ruler that happened HON. MARTIN B. McKNEALLY re-written from the distorted and slanted to be in control at the time." (370 U.S. at OF NEW YORK Revolutionary Wat: history as written by 46). eminent historians from Massachusetts. They The same result would occur if the Board IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES over-emphasized the Boston Tea Party, Paul of Education were permitted to determine Wednesday, November 12, 1969 Revere's Ride, Lexington, Concord and what issues and controversies merited some Bunker Hill, and virtually ignored the part sort of participation or observance or action Mr. McKNEALLY. Mr. Speaker, under played by New York State, which was the by the public schools in various and sundry leave to extend my remarks in the REc­ center and battleground of the Revolutionary causes. This determination would depend ORD I am pleased to include the follow­ War for seven years. Approximately 90 bat­ upon the political outlook of the board ing address by a former distinguished tles and skirinishes were fought in New York members at a particular time. Indeed, it is Member of the House, · Hon. Hamilton State including Ticonderoga, Crown Point, entirely possible that a year from now par­ Brooklyn, Harlem, White Plains, F'ort Wash­ ticipation in a demonstration in support of Fish, Sr., before a meeting of the Fishkill ington, Oriskany, Fort Stanwity, Bemis the Government's Viet Nam policy would be Historical Society on Thursday, October Heights, Saratoga, Bennington, Fort Mont­ declared. The point is clear: Government 23, 1969. Mr. Fish's remarks are entitled gomery, Stony Point, and Sullivan's cam­ may not involve itself in such controversial "New York State-the Battleground of paign against the Iroquois Indians. Further­ matters or moral issues. The following ex­ the Revolutionary War" and very ac­ more, Ne-w: York produced some of the great­ cerpt from the Appeal of American Civil curately describe the historical signifi­ est individuals in the Hevolutionary War; Liberties Union, 36 State Dept. Rep. 97, 98, cance of New York State with respect to General George Clinton, Governor half a is appropriate: dozen times and Vice President for two terms; ". . . The public schools are supported by the Revolutionary War. I am very hon­ Alexander Hamilton, first Secretary of the the whole body of citizens; within their walls ored to represent the 27th Congressional Treasury and the greatest genius of the assemble children of rich and the poor, the District which includes Newburgh and Revolution; John Jay, US Chief Justice and children of parents of every shade of reli­ New Windsor where Gen. George Wash­ Governor of New York State; Gouveneur gious belief and unbelief, the children of al­ ington had his headquarters for 3 years Morris, Ambassador '.o France who played a most every race and color. Therefore, nothing during that war. conspicuous part in writing the U.S. Con­ that will tend to foster intolerance, bigotry, The address follows: stitution; Chancellor Robert Livingston, and animosity or dissension should be allowed to a host elf other distinguished patriots. inject itself into the public school system of SPEECH OF HON. HAMILTON FISH AT THE FISH­ I want on this occasion, to emphasize the this great state".... KILL HISTORICAL SOCIETY, OCTOBER 23, 1969 important part played during the war by the The prestige and power of the Board of We are rapidly approaching the 200th an­ little town of Fishkill in Southern Dutchess. Education may not be used to support, influ­ niversary of the Declaration of Independ­ It was the center for the maintenance and ence or condone on matters of this nature. ence, the greatest event in the history of the distribution of quartermaster's stores of all There is a practical problem also, namely, United States and one of the most important kinds from munitions to clothing and food, where does this sort of thing end? For ex­ in the history of the world. The Declaration for our Continental Army stationed on both ample, the leaders of this "Moratorium" pub­ of Independence not only gave the reasons banks of the Hudson River. It also contained licize their intention of having a two-day for our separation from Britain, but was also a hospital and a prison. No army can fight moratorium next month, and three days the our birthright of freedom. It was dedicated without food, clothing and equipment and month after that. The Board may very well t o the fundamental truths of freedom and Fishkill was the great storehouse of these CXV--2140-Part 25 33974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 12, 1969 supplies during the war. It should be one of of the Declarwtion of Independence, make MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT OF our historic revolutionary shrines as it was clear the historical truth; that New York not only a storehouse, but was also an army State was the center and battleground of the THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND TO encampment. Revolutionary War. THE POLISH NATION I visited the Freedom Foundation at Val­ On our 200th anniversary, let Freedom ley Forge on Constitution Day, September ring from every city, town, village, hamlet 17th of this year as a guest of the Founda­ and mountain side. If there is any country HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI tion. Valley Forge was only used as a winter worth living in, defending, fighting for, or quarters for Washington's Army for one even dying for, it is the United States of OF ILLINOIS cold and stormy winter. Fishkill was the cen­ America. God Bless America. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ter of our army supplies for seven year. To those who may question that N.Y. State Wednesday, November 12, 1969 I suggest that within the next seven years, was the center and main battleground of the old Wharton House in Fishkill be reno­ the Revolution, let me point out that George Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, yes­ vated, that some Revolutionary War huts be Washington, Commander-in-Chief of our terday was Veterans' Day and the Na­ built in proper locations as they have been Armed Forces had his headquarters in New tion dramatized is respect for the con­ at Valley Forge, and that a Revolutionary York City or within 60 miles of it in New tributions which the veterans have made War Museum be established in the Wharton York State for almost four years and for an­ for the defense of our freedom. We must House. All of this could be done at a mod­ other 8 months in the State of New Jersey erate cost which probably could be raised within 60 miles of New York. Several impor­ recognize that our veterans have fought locally and throughout Dutchess County. tant battles such as Trenton, Princeton and and preserved our freedom, a fact which And from a small acorn there might develop Monmouth were fought there. is too often taken for granted. a mighty historical oak, as has been done at After the Declaration of Independence Other nations have been less fortunate. Valley Forge. there were virtually no battles fought in November 11 is also the Independence Within a few miles of Fishkill, there was Massachusetts or in New England outside of Day of Poland commemorating the res­ another hospital adjoining the Brinkerhoff British raids on New London, New Haven and House. Here General Lafayette, the French Southern Connecticut. There were, however, toration to that country of freedom in champion of Freedom, was hospitalized with important battles fought in Pennsylvania at 1918. We recognize that history shows a very serious case of pneumonia for several Brandywine and Germantown and in Vir­ the tragedy of Poland being the first months and was on the verge of death. He ginia there were numerous small battles be­ nation to fall in battle against the Nazi was visited there by General Washington a fore the surrender Of the British Army at hordes, then to have its people denied number of times, who was then in camp at Yorktown. North Carolina was also a fa­ freedom by the Soviet-imposed govern­ Fredericksburgh, 18 miles to the East. I mous battleground; Guilford Courthouse and ment in 1945. also urge that a road be constructed from Cowpens; South Carolina had its Camden Cold Spring, only about a mile to Constitu­ and Charleston and Georgia its Savannah. I remind the Members that the Polish tion Island, opposite West Point, where there During the war Virginia, Massachusetts government in exile continues to func­ are a number of Revolutionary War stone and Pennsylvania had a larger population tion in London and the voices of its of­ fortresses, of which there are very few left than New York State and their enlistments ficials are far more representative of the in our country. This could easily be made in the Continental Army were larger. These people of Poland than the mutterings of into an historical attraction and possibly a troops participated gallantly in most of the the Moscow-controlled puppets in War­ picnic ground for motorists from New York, battles fought in New York State and helped saw. just as Fishkill should also be made into an equally in winning our freedom and inde­ attractive historical center for motorists from pendence. But actually there were more bat­ Therefore, I insert into the RECORD the New York and New England. tles fought in New York State during the address of His Excellency August Zaleski, The time has come to change and revise Revolutionary War than in all other states president of the Polish Republic in exile, the history of the Revolutionary War, writ­ combined. on November 11 on the occasion of Po­ ten by distinguished New England histo­ It is time the record was made crystal land's Independence Day: rians, in order to place New York State in its clear. Veritas magna est et prevalebit-the MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC proper position, 011 the basis of truth, as truth is mighty and will prevail-even it if OF POLAND TO THE POLISH NATION the center and battleground of the Revolu­ takes 200 years. tionary War. We even forget now that New POLISH GOVERNMENT (IN EXILE), York City was in the hands of the British MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, Army for seven years and half the population London, November 1969. Citizens of the Republic of Poland and of patriots amounting to 7,000, were mostly THE FATE OF MAYOR LINDSAY destitute and poverty stricken refugees liv­ Poles in the Free World: ing in the towns and on the farms of the The eleventh of November marks the an­ Hudson River Valley supported by the peo­ niversary of events of great importance not ple in those districts. These refugees lived HON. SEYMOUR HALPERN only in the history of the Polish people. On out a tragic life as refugees generally do, for OF NEW YORK this day which saw the fall of the dynasties seven long years. These thousands of refu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES responsible for the partitions of our Com­ gees from New York City, who suffered all monwealth not only Poles regained their kinds of hardships, were among the greatest Wednesday, November 12, 1969 independence. Still, not all the nations of patriots of the Revolutionary War. Mr. HALPERN. Mr. Speaker, first it the former Commonwealth, that had been I am four score years and a large part of was the Jets; then the Mets and now a voluntary association of "the free with the my life has been devoted to public service. free" and of "equals with equals", were able I believe the people in the Mid-Hudson dis­ John Lindsay has moved from near de­ to throw off the yoke of oppression, notwith­ trict will approve of my non-partisan re­ feat to triumph. As one reporter observed, standing the aid which the new Polish State marks as they are loyal and patriotic Amer­ "there seems to be no bounds to New was in a position to render them under its icans. The Communists, subversives and the York's pretensions." Chief of State Joseph Pilsudski. anarchists will naturally disapprove as they State Senator John Marchi and Con­ The right of peoples to self-determination, despise freedom and hate our Constitutional troller Mario Procaccino deserve due rec­ reaffirmed in the Atlantic Charter as one of form of government, which is the greatest ognition for running public-spirited cam­ the war-aims of the Allies in World War II, charter of human liberty and freedom ever could not become a reality owing to the im­ devised by the mind of man. I served the paigns, but as an old philosopher once perialism fo Russia which has remained Dutchess, Orange, Putnam district in Con­ said, "You can't fight City Hall," Indeed. unchanged, in spite of the Russian Commu­ gress for 25 years and never was defeated Now who wouid have begun to say nist revolution. in that district. I never had the support of A year ago today This imperialism has destroyed the Baltic our enemies from within and perhaps that The ups and downs of Fate States, all of which have been forcibly in­ ts why I was always re-elected. Condemna­ Would play corporated into the Soviet Union. Poland, tion from such sources is the highest possible To give the win to Lindsay . Hungary, Rumania and Czechoslovakia are commendation. being held captive in the sphere of Russian I give this advice as a legacy to all office The other two men had support colonialism. The acquisition by Russia of holders-Democrats and Republicans-never With party's help, and "Time for Change" these Central European areas presents a to compromise with those elements who But finally a switch! John's sort of luck and threat to the entire free world. would destroy our free institutions and the sklll arranged A win for him! We trust to God that the world will come Government of the United States. to see that there can be no peace without Let us join in Dutchess County in rebuild­ A fickle hand of Fate plays on. restoring freedom to peoples who are being ing Fishkill as a shrine of Revolutionary And with this start, perhaps we'll see kept in a state of subjection against law War Freedom and above all, let all of us in Less strife and trouble and justice. New York State on the 200th anniversary For our great City!!! AUGUST ZALESKI. November 12, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 33975 THE BIG MESSAGE FOR The number of children a couple will pro­ Bureau of the Budget that a freeze is im­ SMALL FAMILIES pagate is not a matter the goverr_ment or perative through 1973 to hold down spending anyone else should legally intrude upon. But and hold inflation. neither is family size strictly the sole con­ Other parks and seashores staked out by HON. GEORGE BUSH cern of an individual husb~nd and wife. The Congress to save a part of vanishing America traditionally large family o1' four or more OF TEXAS before it is all paved with concrete are also children was often thought to offer comfort threatened by the double-squeeze of infla­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and security. It was also doing God's work, tion and economy. Besides Point Reyes, Cape Tuesday, November 11, 1969 as commanded in Genesis, "be fruitful and Cod in Massachusetts, Assateague Island in multiply." In addition, the desirabilit y of a Maryland and Padre Island in Texas are in Mr. BUSH. Mr. Speaker, the Wash­ large family is a carry-over from the era of h alf-completed state, threatened by the land ington Post carried an editorial today high infant mortality. speculators who stand to gain from federal that I hope all Members of Congress will The time has not yet come when t ax d elay. read. The editorial is directed to a change burdens should be levied on many-chil­ The Nixon administration has been gener­ in our thinking about family size. As drened families, but voices like Dr. Egeberg ous with rhetoric. Secretary of Interior Wal­ sound more and more reasonable, if not con­ ter Hickel, in a speech to the National Park chairman of the Republican Task Force vincing. Repeating the same idea, but in and Recreation Association in Chicago, pro­ on Earth Resources and Population, I more direct language, author Marya Mannes p osed a $6.3 billion development program commend this editorial. We all have an said this week, "with the condition the world for urban parks. enormous task to educate the American is in today, to h ave a large family is public Point Reyes p recisely fits this description. public about the consequences we face disservice." But Hickel in the same speech included an in environmental degradation, resource No one has yet proposed a way of getting escape hatch that negated much of the fine depletion, and generally, in human needs, married couples to talce individual responsi­ rhetoric. "Present fiscal restraints" would bility for the overpopulation problem. But very likely make it impossible to ask Con­ as a result of continued population at least the idea is now going beyond the growth. gress for any funds to make the grandiose pu£h for birth control and into the area of dream a reality. The Hickel speech coincided A 3-year study just released by the Na­ human attitude. Perhaps this is what was with a letter from Budget Director Robert tional Research Council concludes that needed all along. Mayo to House Interior Chairman Wayne there are already too many pE;ople on the Aspinall warning that under "present con­ earth. This is not very encouraging. If straints" land purchase for parks and recre­ we are to solve our pollution problems, ation areas would not be completed until our hunger problems, our transportation NEED FUNDING FOR PARK LANDS mid-1973. problems, our housing shortage, and The conservationists are going into battle know a world in peace, we must direct over Point Reyes, and nowhere is the breed ourselves to some new thinking. HON. JOHN D. DINGELL more aggressive and determined than in The Nixon administration's goal to OF MICHIGAN California. Aspinall is moving to get added IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES funds out of Congress. So, that untouched provide family planning services to the shore may still be saved. estimated 5.3 million poor and near-poor Wednesday, November 12, 1969 But the economizers have the final say. American women who want these serv­ Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, the Congress can propose by the Bureau of the ices, but cannot afford them or do not Washington Post of October 22, 1969, Budget disposed by freezing extra money know how or where to get them, is an ex­ that may be voted. As the people push ac­ cellent start. The United Nations in­ carried a most perceptive column by celerates, the sta.nding-room-only sign covers creased effort in world population activi­ Marquis Childs with regard to the folly more and more of a once-free land. ties is very promising. The proposed of the present policy of inadequate fund­ Commission on Population Growth and ing for acquisition of park lands. I agree the American Future requested by Presi­ with Mr. Childs that the time is run­ dent Nixon can contribute significantly ning short and the Federal Government PORNOGRAPHY-THE CORRUPTER to the creation of public awareness need­ must act if we are to preserve many OF YOUTH ed to convince young Americans that unique areas for the use of future gen­ small families are economically advan­ erations. So that my colleagues may be HON. MARIO BIAGGI tageous, not only to the individual fam- aware of Mr. Child's comments, I in­ , ily, but to the society as well. clude his column at this point in the OF' NEW YORK The American communications media CONGRESSIONAL RECORD: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES would perform a great service by giving SUBDIVIDEnS ARE THREATENING LAST AREAS Wednesday, November 12. 1969 the population problem more and more OF UNSPOILED LAND (By Marquis Childs) Mr. BlAGG!. Mr. Speaker, I am deep­ attention in an effort to reach the gen­ ly troubled over the rash of pornographic eral public and make visible the related SAN FRANCISCO.-The lure of California is movies and the distribution of smut problems between population growth, one of the most remarkable phenomena of our time. Like a great magnet it pulls through the mails. There does not seem environmental quality, and ~~. epleting re­ to be any limit to the filth that has been sources. people-young, old, a vanguard of hippies, escapees, opters out--from the· rest of the spreading across our Nation like a Mr. Speaker, the editorial is offered at country to this slope on the Pacific shore. prairie fire. this time for the benefit of my colleagues: Even for the Chamber of Commerce boost­ I have come tc regard pornography as THE BIG MESSAGE FOR SMALL FAMILmS ers this is almost too much of a good thing. a kind of poison infecting the minds of Speaking recently to the Planned Parent­ Like the frantic movement of the lemmings to the seashore, with an instinctual drive an increasing number of our young peo­ hood World Population organization, Dr. ple. Their elders., who engage in this Roger 0. Egeberg offered the usual, but still that sends them finally to their destruction, alarming statistics of dire overpopulation. there will soon be standing room only if the field for the sake of either profit or de­ The United States now has 200 million people present rate of growth continues. pravity, are directly responsible for one and in 30 years it will have 300 million; we Nothing could illustrate this better than of the worst evils of our time. will have to build the equivalent of one new the controversy over the Point Reyes na­ The film industry, for its part, has city· of 250,000 :nhabitants every 40 days for tional seashore. A beautiful, still relatively been disturbingly deceptive with the the rest of the century. After calling for more untouched peninsula about an hour from American people. To reach that conclu­ family planning services for the estimated 5 San Francisco, Point Reyes is one of the few million American 'VOmen who likely want spots on the coast that has not fallen to the sion, one has only to look at the rating but can't get. them, Dr. Egeberg correctly developers and the subdividers. With the code adopted by the industry last year. said we needed a different goal, "one much parks in the metropolitan bay area hideously The code has proved to be a self-serving, harder to achieve. We are going to have to overcrowded, Point Reyes is a natural outlet transparent gimmick that has actually work for change in national mores, a change for city dwellers in search of quiet and un­ promoted pornography for profit-es­ based on public acceptance of the demo­ spoiled beauty. pecially among young Americans. graphic facts of life." But the sub-dividers are on the doorstep Films given an "X" rating, for exam­ What this means, precisely, is that if the and pressing hard. Less than half the land ple, are supposed to be for adults only. country is to solve the population problem for Point Reyes has been acquired by the collectively, it will have to be done individ­ federal government since the project was But we all know how many times the ually--couples saying, in effect, "because of authorized in 1962. With each passing year "X" has been used to add to, rather than overpopulation, we will limit our offspring land values have sharply increased. And now to restrict the potential audience. After to two or less children." the White House is saying through the giving a film an "X" rating, the Industry 33976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 12, 1969 will constantly use that fact to its ad­ body strive for the ways and means of the goals of •'Operation Intercept" which was vantage with the placement of advertise­ strengthening existing laws to curb the described as a massive enforcement program ments containing passages such as: rising tide of pornography that is sweep­ to cut off the flow of narcotics, marijuana and dangerous drugs into the United States "Rated X Naturally." ing our Nation. from Mexico. In short, the film industry does eve~y­ We can no longer afford complacency. Governor Reagan pledged "full support" thing within its power to arouse them­ Too much is at stake. The issue is clear for the federal drug blockade which he said terest and curiosity of our young peo­ and simple. It is the corruption of young would help put an end to the epidemic of ple in order to draw them into the thea­ Americans in increasing numbers. We narcotics and drug abuse in California. ter to see the movie which has been given owe them and their parents much more "Most officials estimate that as much as an "X" rating. Now, we all know how than we have given them. 80 percent of the narcotics and dangerous drugs that flow into this country are very few youngsters are turned away smuggled across the Mexican border," he told from the box office when they are willing a press conference in Sacramento. In the to pay to see a movie with an "X" rat­ past eight years, he said, the volume of ing. EFFECTIVE STATE ACTION ON NAR­ marijuana, narcotics and dangerous drugs As a parent concerned for his family COTICS HIGHLIGHTED IN RECENT have increased 300 percent among adults, and neighbors, I am fully aware that the BULLETIN and more than 2,000 percent among young process of corrupting our youth also ex­ adults. tends to the distribution of mail. And The CalifOQ'nia Delinquency Prevention as a Member of this Congress, I say it is HON. CHARLES H. WILSON Commission reports the narcotics problem is OF CALIFORNIA costing the nation in excess of $3 blllion time we did something about it. each year. Added to this, says the Commis­ American homes are being bombarded IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sion, is the "loss to society of productive with the lr.rgest volume of sex-oriented Wednesday, November 12, 1969 human be-ings." A report issued by the Com­ mail in history. Many who receive such Mr. CHARLES H. WILSON. Mr. mission earlier this year emphasized the dif­ mail do not solicit it, do not want it and ficulties in controlling narcotics smuggling are deeply offended by it. Speaker, a great deal of attention is cur­ from Mexico. It was pointed out that more rently being focused on the Federal Gov­ than 22 million persons cross the border Some may argue about the right of ernment's attempts to crack down on the from California into Mexico each year. free speech and the liberty of human current levels of illegal drug smuggling The newly announced "Operation Cooper­ expression. But there are other rights in­ into this country, primarily from Mexico. ation" continues the earlier mission of "Op­ volved-the right of a parent to shield his I have watched the fortunes of "Opera­ eration Intercept" to reduce the flow of nar­ child from what he may consider harm­ tion Intercept" and "Operation Coopera­ cotics into the U.S. The main difference be­ ful, the right of a person not to have tween the program will be the involved strat­ tion" with interest-interest which rises egy. Operation Cooperation will result in the his privacy invaded, the right of a com­ from my concern with the increasingly munity to maintain high moral lessening of the number and extent of border serious drug abuse situation in our coun­ inspections with a reciprocal increase in en­ standards. try today. forcement by Mexican officials. In my own New York City congres­ While the Federal Government nat­ The Commission of the Californias, which sional district, there obviously has been urally must and does carry a great por­ brings togethe;r representatives of both the a sharp rise in recent weeks of unsolicited tion of the responsibility for antismug­ State of California and the border cities of pornography mailed to adults and young gling efforts, I would like to cite the high the State of Baja, endeavored to find a coop­ people alike. These mailings are not only erative approach to the problem. The Com­ degree of aid and cooperation which our mission was created to strengthen the exist­ increasing in volume, but also in the re­ State government in California has lent pulsive nature of the enclosures. ing bonds of friendship between the United to the Federal and international efforts. States and Mexico, and to foster economia One woman turned over to me very Many State groups and agencies have and cultural ties. lewd material promoting the sale of a played a role not only in the recent ac­ book, entitled "Illustrated Sex." It was TESTIMONY IN WASHINGTON tivities related to Federal border opera­ Attorney General Mitchell, testifying be­ mailed to her 9-year-old daughter. It was tions, but in the whole, continuing spec­ so obscene that I seldom saw the likes fore the Dodd Committeee in behalf of the trum of activities designed to aid in law administration's proposed "Controlled Dan­ of it during the 23 years that I spent on enforcement, education, treatment and gerous Substances Act of 1969", stressed that the New York City police force. rehabilitation related to drug abuse. prison is not the only alternative in dealing When do we draw the line and say we The narcotics problem is one of the with drug offenders. "In some cases, it may be have had enough of this kind of busi­ most complex we have ever had to face advisable to use Federal rehabilitation pro­ ness? I say we have waited too long, but grams, halfway houses and private medical let us not wait any longer. and it demands more than single-pur­ treatment while on probation and parole," posed, myopic solutions; rather, ~e need If a bill that I introduced some 3 he told the lawmakers. months ago was enacted into law, it a multisided approach that takes mto ac­ State Attorney General Thomas C. Lynch, count the myriad types of individuals chairman of the California Council on would surely represent a good beginning who turn to drugs, the levels of use or ad­ Criminal Justice, voiced concern at a Senate for a crackdown on the spread of pornog­ diction involved and the varying degree Juvenile Delinquency subcommittee hearing raphy. My distinguished New York col­ of potency contained in the great variety in Washington, D.C., that a crackdown on league, LESTER WOLFF, joined me in the of drug substances. marijuana would lead to increased use of sponsorship of that bill known as H.R. Accordingly, individuals and groups in dangerous drugs. "As the sources of mari­ 13510. juana continue to be cut off and prices rise, California are active on many fronts. the abuse of dangerous drugs will rise ac­ Passage of this bill would go a long The California Council on Criminal Jus­ way toward controlling unsolicited mail­ cordingly-this is the history in California tice circulates a most interesting and in­ in this decade," he told the lawmakers. ings because it would require the senders formative bulletin on anticrime activi­ The Attorney General pointed out that to pay the postage when such materials ties, and I would like both to commend California law enforcement agencies booked are returned by individuals who do not them for this service, under the chair­ 29,947 juveniles and 64,639 adults on drug want them. In addition, the sender would manship of California Attorney Thomas offenses during 1968 and that the figures are be required to pay administrative costs Lynch, and to bring some of the con­ running even higher this year. "Dangerous to the post office for the return of the c. drug arrests have doubled and marijuana tents of their recent bulletin to the atten­ has increased, but at a slower rate," he said. unsolicited material. tion of my colleagues: To achieve the maximum results from ACTION AT STATE LEVEL such legislation, I am sure that parent­ [From the California Council on Criminal Justice Bulletin, Oct. 15, 1969] Major steps have been taken during the teacher organizations and other civic past year by Governor Reagan, assisted by groups would be only too happy to en­ ACTION ON NARCOTICS the Office of the Lieutenant Governor, to de­ courage and coordinate a campaign that The Council's State and local Task Forces velop solutions to the drug abuse problem­ would prompt the wholesale return of on Narcotics, Drug and Alcohol Abuse were emphasizing help from private and volunteer alerted this month to the widespread impact segments of the community. unsolicited mail to the senders. Once the of "Operation Intercept," now known as "Op­ Action was initiated in mid-1968 with the profit is taken out of smut, the evil of eration Cooperation", and other current ef­ California Parent-Teachers Association, Cali­ pornography will die or destroy itself. forts to control the drug problem. fornia Medical Association and California I ask that you give H.R. 13510 your Attorney General John N. Mitchell and Peace Officers Association to encourage utmost consideration in light of this Treasury secretary David M. Kennedy issued formation of drug abuse committees on jun­ worsening problem. I also ask that this a joint announcement from Washington on ior and s~nlor high school campuses. November 13, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 33977 An Interagency Council on Drug Abuse ceive 100 percent federal financing if ap­ cities and campuses, and the poverty, il­ was formed last October through cooperative proved by the HEW director. A copy of all literacy, and despair which hold sizable efforts of the Governor's Office and the Cali­ applications sent directly to HEW for ju­ segments of our population in bondage. fornia Medical Association. Dr. Edward R. venile delinquency monies must be for­ One of the more important and vital Bloomquist of Glendale was named chairman warded to the CCCJ for review and com­ roles that veterans' organizations can of the group. ment. Goal of the Interagency Council is to bring WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS · and do play is in the field of legislation together all agencies of government and A new "Plan for Action" publication of before Congress. Time and again, dif­ concerned citizens in a coordinated attack on the Council ent itled "Santa Barbara Work­ ferent veterans' groups have acted as the drug problem. The group includes doctors, shop" is being distributed. The 362-page well-organized and equally well-in­ lawyers, judges, law enforcement and cor­ volume contains proceedings of the Crimi­ formed bodies acting in an advisory ca­ rectional officers, educators, public health nal Justice Workshop, held May 25-29 at pacity to Congress. officers, student representatives, State and UC Santa Barbara. A limited number are I believe such organizations of veter­ local lawmakers and others. Statewide Task available from General Services, Documents ans are beneficial because they help to Forces were formed in the fields of research, Section, Post Office Box 20191, Sacramento, education, legislation and government, treat­ California 95820. All orders for the "Santa bring to the attention of the Nation's law­ ment, and administration of justice. Barbara Workshop" publication must be ac­ makers needed legislation, improvements First action was a mass media public edu­ companied by a check or money order pay­ and revisions in programs already in ef­ cation program started in June of this year able to the State of California. Price for fect, as well as measures under consider­ to reduce the information vacuum about the a single volume is $5.25, including sales tax ation. effects of dangerous drugs with informational and cost of mailing. A good example of this was the bill to material that is direct, accurate and medi­ The Workshop presented outstanding increase compensation for disabled veter­ cally sound, Reagan said. More than 55 busi­ speakers in the field of criminal justice pro­ ans due to the rising cost of living, which ness firms, associations and foundations have gram planning, budgeting and evaluation. contributed funds to sustain the public edu­ passed Congress during the last session cation campaign, and Jack Webb and other and was strongly supported by -reterans' celebrities have contributed their talent to organizations. the drive. Pledges of support were received I further believe these veterans' groups from the California Newspaper Publishers VETERANS DAY to be necessary because they voice their Association, California Broadcasters Associa­ opposition to legislation and prcposals t.ion, Southern California Broadcasters Asso­ which may be unjust or biased. ciation and the California OUtdoor Advertis­ ing Association. HON. THOMAS J. MESKILL Exemplifying this is the veterans' stand The California Medical Association and OF CONNECTICUT against the bill to grant, regardless of California Blue Shield cooperated with the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES need, a general pension to every veteran who served in World War I for at least Interagency Council on Drug Abuse in pub­ Wednesday, November 12, 1969 lishing two new pamphlets which are cur­ 90 days. rently being distributed to inform the public Mr. MESKILL. Mr. Speaker, it is a We can be proud of our veterans. They on the hazards of drug abuse. They are "Drug pleasure and ~n honor to pay tribute to represent everything that is good and fair Abuse: The Chemical Cop-Out" and "Dam­ all the loyal and patriotic veterans in our in our democracy. Their lofty principles aging Effects of Drug Abuse." Both pamph­ lets are available by writing to the Drug country who originally were brought to­ and constructive action are needed more Abuse Information Center at 693 Sutter geth~r by this Government to wage war than ever before. Let us pray that there Street, San Francisco, California. in the defense of freedom. are no more wars, but let us hope that NARCOTICS WORKSHOP Within the many veterans' organiza­ there is always a majority of Americans A "Workshop for College Deans and Cam­ tions, several million American survivors who conduct themselves as our veterans pus Security Officials" relating to the drug of this century's four major wars are do. abuse problem Will be held March 17-20 in banded together to continue their for­ Veterans Day is a time to commemo­ San Francisco, sponsored by the Bureau of mer military association along ccnstruc­ rate the dedication of American service­ Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, U.S. De­ tive civilian !ines. men. Veterans Day is a time to take note partment of Justice. With their distaff auxiliaries they are of the bravery which our GI's have dis­ The workshop will include instruction in a potent force for good. They are con­ played. It is therefore fitting that Con­ Federal laws dealing with narcotics and cerned citizens alert to the demands of gress commemorate the American serv­ dangerous drugs; drug identification; use citizenship and responsive to those de­ iceman who has given his life or has been and abuse or narcotic, stimulant, depressant and hallucinogenic drugs; Supreme Court mands. They are bolstered in their work wounded in the Vietnam conflict. It is decisions on drugs and narcotics; search by an unshakable faith in God and coun­ fitting that the House of Representatives and seizure laws, and other topics. try, the kind of faith which enabled the honor each serviceman and Vietnam vet­ Enrollment will be open to college deans, Founding Fathers to create a self-gov­ eran for his individual sacrifice, bravery, security personnel and certain other offi­ erning Nation. dedication, initiative, and devotion to cials concerned with the problems of drug That same spirit, and that same faith, duty. abuse and control on the campus. are needed today to perpetuate and en­ For this reason, I am cosponsoring a The Juvenile Delinquency Act further pro­ large upon that which the Founding Fa­ resolution in Congress to do just this. vides that States submitting a comprehen­ thers and all of our forebears insured for Only by letting our veterans know that sive plan are eligible to receive block grants us by their personal sacrifice and their to fund sub-grants to local units of govern­ we are proud of them can we hope to ment. These include allocations f'or reha­ love of country. sustain and protect the democracy for bilitative and preventive services, and tech­ It was from that spirit of unity and which the American serviceman has nical assistance, to be administered by the service fol' America that veterans took fought and died. Council. Under the act, rehabilitative pro­ the strength and the courage to accept We should not permit the efforts and grams will be 60 percent federally funded, the Spartan life of the Armed Forces, to sacrifices of our servicemen in Vietnam and 20 percent each from State and local turn back the ambitions of power-mad to be clouded or obscured by the debate government. Preventive programs, which dictators and totalitarian governments, in America today over the future course will constitute a major portion of the ju­ venile delinquency allocations, will be 75 to preserve the freedoms, not only of of the war. Whatever Americans may percent federally funded, with State and Americans, but of America's free-world personally think about the rightness or local contributions of 127'2 percent each. allies. wrongness of our involvement, they Until further notice applicants seeking It is in that spirit that our men and should understand that the GI is fight­ funds for experimental or research programs women serve today in Vietnam. ing in Vietnam out of a sense of duty to should apply directly to the Department or Even as man has reached the moon his Nation and i-ts people. Health, Education and Welfare, since allo­ and continues to reach for the stars, we It does not make it any easier for the cations in these ereas are not presently con­ recognize the need here on earth for the serviceman in Vietnam to risk his life for tained within the block grant concept. In a war that is politically unpopular back this connection, planning for projects or veteran's sense of unity of purpose, of programs may 'be financed with 90 percent dedicated service, of love of country, and home. This kind of sacrifice takes un­ federal funds. Applications f'or improving faith in God, to help us find the answers usual devotion, and it is the kind of de­ training, techniques and practices have no to our more mundane problems of crime votion to America of which we as a Na­ specific matching requirement and may re- in the streets, riots that rock our major tion can be proud.