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Download Full Article 6.5MB .Pdf File 1 30 November 1988 Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria 49(2): 195-307 (1988) ISSN 0814-1827 https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.1988.49.12 A REVISION OF THE TERTIARY VOLUTIDAE (MOLLUSCA: GASTROPODA) OF SOUTH-EASTERN AUSTRALIA By Thomas A. Darragh Natural History Division, Museum of Victoria, 285 Russell Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia Abstract Darragh, T.A. 1988. A revision of the Tertiary Volutidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of south- eastern Australia. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria 49: 195-307. The Volutidae of Australia consists of 18 genera or subgenera of which five are known only as fossils and three only in the living fauna. (Twenty other genus group taxa have been syn- onymised.) The fossil genera can be grouped according to their affinity as: Cosmopolitan: Lyria (Late Oligocene-Recent), Athleta (Late Paleocene) and Scaphella (Aurinia) (Late Eocene). Endemic (the dominant element): Livonia (Late Oligocene-Recent), Ericusa (Late Oligo- cene-Recent), Nannamoria (Late Oligocene-Recent) and Amoria (Middle Miocene-Recent). Neozelandic: Alcithoe (Alcithoe) (Late Miocene, Late Pliocene), Alcithoe (Waihaoia) (Late Eocene-Middle Miocene). Indo-Pacific or Tethyan: Cymbiola (Late Oligocene-Recent), Mitreoia (Late Eocene) and Lep- loscapha (Middle Miocene, Recent). The living volutes of the Southern Australian region are almost entirely derived from the Southern Australian Tertiary volute fauna. Twenty-two new species group taxa are proposed: Lyria acuticostulata (E-M Mioc), L. mitraeformis crassicosta (E Pleist.), Mitreoia salapu- tium (L Eoc), Scaphella (Aurinia) johannae (L Eoc), Notovoluta variculifera (L Eoc), N. capitonica (L Eoc), N. verconis medicata (E Pleist.), N. kreuslerae occulta (E Pleist.), N. linigera (E Mioc), N. differta (E Mioc), Nannamoria amplexa (L Mioc), N. fasciculata (E. Mioc), N. trionyma (M Mioc), N. paraboloides (L Mioc-L Plioc), N. deplexa (E Mioc), N. cinctuta (L Plioc), Alcithoe (Waihaoia) pagadoides sororcula (L Olig.), A. (W.) neglectoides (L Olig.), Alcithoe (A.) orphanata (L Plioc), Livonia mortoni connudala (E Mioc), L. voluminosa (M Mioc), Notopeplum primarugatum (E Olig.) Contents Introduction 198 Previous work 199 Composition and origins of the Australian volute fauna 199 The fossil fauna 20 The living fauna 201 Classification 202 Stratigraphic record in South-eastern Australia 202 Terminology 203 Systematic Palaeontology 204 Volutidae 204 Athletinae 205 Volutinae 205 Lyria 207 Lyria semiacuticostata 208 Lyria acuticostulata 209 Lyria harpularia 210 Lyria acuticoslata 210 Lyria sp 211 Lyria gemmata 211 Lyria gracilicostata 211 195 196 T. A. DARRAGH Lyria mitraeformis crassicostata 212 Lyria mitraeformis mitraeformis • 212 Lyria nucleus 213 Lyria deliciosa 213 Lyreneta 213 Leptoscapha 213 Leptoscapha crassilabrum 213 Mitreola 214 Mitreola salaputium 215 Scaphellinae 215 Scaphella (A urinia) johannae 216 Subfamily uncertain Notovoluta 217 Group one 2 1 8 Notovoluta variculifera 218 Notovoluta capitonica 218 Notovoluta pseudolirata 218 Notovoluta cathedralis 219 Notovoluta ellipsoidea 220 Notovoluta tabulate 220 Notovoluta tuhulata subsp. nov 221 Notovoluta vercouis medicata 221 Notovoluta kreuslerae occulta 221 Notovoluta kreuslerae kreuslerae 222 Notovoluta vercouis vercouis 222 Notovoluta occidua 222 Notovoluta baconi 222 Notovoluta gardneri 222 Group Two 223 Notovoluta saginata 223 Notovoluta linigera 223 Notovoluta differta 223 Notovoluta lintea 224 Volutoconus 224 1 'olutoconus sp 224 Amoriinae 224 Amoria 225 A moria costellifera 226 Amoria undulata masoni 227 Amoria undulata undulata 228 Amoria exoptanda 229 Amoria sp 229 Nannamoria 229 Group One 230 Nannamoria stolida 230 Nannamoria strophodon strophodon 230 Nannamoria strophodon guntheri 231 Nannamoria umplexa 232 Nannamoria lundeliusae 232 Group Two 232 Nannamoria weldii 232 Nannamoria fasciculata 233 Nannamoria trionyma 233 Nannamoria paraboloides 234 Nannamoria amicula 234 1 TERTIARY VOLUTIDAE OF SOUTH-EASTERN AUSTRALIA 197 Nannamoria parabola 234 Group Three 234 Nannamoria deplexa 234 Nannamoria ralphi 235 Nannamoria limbata 235 Nannamoria cinctuta 236 Nannamoria capricornea 236 Nannamoria inopinata 236 Zidoninae 237 Alcithoe 238 Alcithoe (Waihaoia) 238 Alcithoe (Waihaoia) cribrosa 238 Alcithoe (Waihaoia) pagodoides pagodoides 239 Alcithoe (Waihaoia) pagodoides sororcula 239 Alcithoe (Waihaoia) neglectoides 240 Alcithoe (Waihaoia) pueblensis 241 Alcithoe (Waihaoia) sarissa 241 Alcithoe (Waihaoia) tateana 242 Alcithoe (Alcithoe) 242 Alcithoe (Alcithoe) macrocephala 243 Alcithoe (Alcithoe) orphanata 243 Ericusa 244 Ericusa sowerbyi pellita 244 Ericusa sowerbyi sowerbyi 246 Ericusa macroptera 247 Ericusa atkinsoni 247 Ericusa ancilloides 248 Ericusa hamiltonensis 248 Ericusa fulgetroides 249 Ericusa subtilis 249 Ericusa fulgetrum 249 Ericusa papillosa 250 Ericusa sericata 250 Livonia 250 Livonia spenceri 25 Livonia Stephens! 251 Livonia mortoni mortoni 252 Livonia mortoni connudata 253 Livonia voluminosa 253 Livonia sp. cf. L. nodiplicata 253 Livonia heptagonalis 254 Livonia hannafordi 254 Livonia gatliffi 255 Livonia mammilla 255 Livonia roadnightae 255 Livonia nodiplicata 255 Livonia joerinkensi 255 Notopeplum 256 Notopeplum protorhysum 256 Notopeplum primarugatum 257 Notopeplum mccoyi mccoyi 257 Notopeplum mccoyi translucidum 258 Notopeplum politum 258 Notopeplum annulalum 259 Cymbiola 259 198 T. \. DARKAf.H Cymbiola uncifera 261 Cymbiola macdonaldi 261 Cymbiola sp. cf. C. rossiniana 26) Cymbiola irvinae 262 Cymbiola sp cf. C. nivosa 262 Melo 262 Melo sp 262 Acknowledgements 262 References 262 Appendix 1 267 Appendix 2 273 Plates 273 Introduction they did not touch on the geological history of the family. Nevertheless, their work brings together the widely scattered literature, provides up-to-date Volutidae are carnivorous burrowing molluscs information, excellent figures of the living species. represented in all oceans of the world, but partic- and is of considerable assistance to workers on the ularly in those of the Southern Hemisphere. The family. seas surrounding Australia probably have the The fossils, on the other hand, received a mini- greatest diversity of genera, and about one third mum of attention. Apart from the original descrip- of the described species. Volutes are generally tions of species, there has been little further work, thought of as tropical animals, but, in fact, the and no attempt at systematic revision or proper syn- majority of species occurs in warm-temperate to thesis of the Tertiary and Recent faunas. The work temperate waters and some even in the cold waters reported here has involved a systematic stud, of the Antarctic and in abyssal depths (Weaver and the entire lossil fauna at both the generic and du Pont. 1970). Distribution with depth ranges specific lev els and an attempt has been made to elu- from intertidal to abyssal, but most are confined cidate the geological history of the group and to to depths less than 200 metres. The oldest species integrate fossil and living species. The palaeontol- of the family appear in the Late Cretaceous of ogist, if the geological record is good, sometimes North America, Europe, the Middle East and India has an excellent opportunity to study the variations and the family was well established throughout the in morphology of a group, since he is dealing with world by the Eocene (Wenz, 1943). organisms which range through time as well as in In general, this study has shown that the Aus- space; hence he may have a better appreciation of tralian Tertiary Volutidae, by virtue of the distri- range of variation and relationships within a genus bution of the Tertiary rocks, is similar to that than the worker on living species. presently found in temperate to warm-temperate There are several factors which hitherto tended waters of the southern half of the Australian Con- to prevent a critical appraisal of the volute famil) tinent and distributed between and 250 metres. as a whole. Firstly, excessive taxonomic splitting, They range in size from the 9 mm Leptoscapha particularly at the generic level, mainlv by workers crassiluhrum (Tate) to the 300 mm Livonia lian- on living species, lead to the creation of monotvpic nafordi (McCoy). genera, obscurred relationships and articialK Owing to their beauty and diversity, the Aus- differentiated between living and fossil species by tralian living volutes attracted the attention of inflation of the living fauna. Secondly, many of professional and particularly amateur eonehologists the Tertiary species, such as those of Notopepium, for many years. Much has been written on the Sotovoluta and Ternivoluta, belong to groups at group but there has been no serious attempt to ana- present found in moderately deep water, beyond lyse the fauna as a whole and relate it to the fossil the reach of normal collecting and it is only in record. The most comprehensive account of Aus- recent years with the development of trawling that tralian Recent volutes is that of Weaver and du species, such as Sunnumoria parabola, Termvoluta Pont (1970) who monographed the Volutidae of Studeri and Notopepium truns/ucidum have become the World. However, whilst their work will remain readily available for study and comparison with a classic study of the family, they could not, of Tertiary species. Thirdly, previous workers on necessity, treat the Australian members in detail, volutes have tended to be wholly involved either particularly with reference to status of genera, and with fossils, or with living species and have not TERTIARY VOI.U ITIME OF
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