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The 1995 Archaeological and Historical Investigations at Historic Fort Marcy, Santa Fe, New Mexico

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The 1995 Archaeological and Historical Investigations at Historic Fort Marcy, Santa Fe, New Mexico "NOT OCCUPIED. .SINCE THE PEACE:" THE 1995 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT HISTORIC FORT MARCY, SANTA FE, NEW MEXICO By Cordelia Thomas Snow and David Kammer, Ph.D. Contributions By Linda S. Mick-0'Hara James L. Moore Ann Noble David H. Snow Mollie Toll NMCRIS Project Number 41184 NMCRIS Activity Number 49311 New Mexico Archaeological Permit Number SE-109 (Issued to Northern Research Group, Inc.) Historic Preservation Division Project Number 35-94-90061-09 (Issued to Northern Research Group, Inc.) December 6, 1995 J ABSTRACT During 1995, archaeological and historical investigations were conducted at historic Fort Marcy, Santa Fe, New Mexico as the third phase of a project sponsored by the City of Santa Fe, the Historic Preservation Division, and the National Park Service. Fort Marcy, designated LA 111, is included in the State Register of Cultural Properties and National Register of Historic Places as SR 87. Susan Swan, of Northern Research Group, Inc., Las Vegas, New Mexico carried out limited archaeological test excavations during June 1995, working under State Permit Number SE-109. Dr. David Kammer conducted the historical research for the project and Cordelia Thomas Snow was the historic sites archaeological advisor. Limited test excavations in the area of the banguette/platform, moat/ ramparts/revetment, blockhouse, and a slurry pit determined that Fort Marcy was constructed in 1846-1847 of prehistoric midden deposits from Middle to Late Developmental and Early Coalition Period (circa A.D. 1000-1250) occupation of the hill. Both documentary and archaeological evidence indicate the fort was never garrisoned. The third phase of studies conducted by the City of Santa Fe completed to date has accomplished the goals set by the City. Ms. Snow and Dr. Kammer completed this report for the study. Further, portions of Dr. Kammer's text have been included in this report, the complete text of Dr. Kammer's essay may be found in Appendix B. A complete description of the project can be found in " 'Not Occupied. .Since the Peace': The 1995 Archaeological and Historical Investigations at Historic Fort Marcy, Santa Fe, New Mexico." i LA 111, Final, 12/6/95 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors are indebted to the following individuals for their invaluable support and assistance, Mary Grzeskowiak, Planner III, Heather Pierson, Planner II, Maria Vigil, and Florence Hill, of the City Planing and Land Use Department; Randy Thompson, and Bernard Apodaca, of the City Parks and Recreation Department; the members of the City of Santa Fe Archaeological Review Committee, Steve Koczan, Chairman; Michael Romero Taylor, State Historic Preservation Officer, Dorothy Victor, and the staff of the Historic Preservation Division; Linda S. Mick-O'Hara for analysis of the faunal remains; James L. Moore for his identification and comments on the lithic assemblage; Ann Noble for the site plan and map; David H. Snow, Cross Cultural Research Systems for identification and comments on ceramics; Mollie S. Toll for her analysis of the ethnobotanical remains; John Acklen, TRC Mariah Associates, Inc., who provided CAD drawings of the 1994 test excavations at Fort Marcy; Timothy Seaman, Louanna Haecker, Steve Townsend, and the staff at the Archeological Records Management Section (ARMS); and Charles Haecker and James E. Ivey of the National Park Service. Cherie L. Scheick and Kurt F. Anschuetz, Southwest Archaeological Consultants, Inc., graciously provided several chapters from their draft manuscript on Test Excavations at LA 21963/21964. Grateful acknowledgement is made to Linda Tigges, former City staff, and James O'Hara, former Chairmen, and past members of the Archaeological Committee, who developed the Historic Fort Marcy Project in the first place. Without the assistance and encouragement of the aforementioned individuals, this report simply would not have been possible. This project has been financed in part by a grant from the Historic Preservation Fund, administered by the National Park Service, U. S. Department of Interior; the Historic Preservation Division of the Office of Cultural Affairs, State of New Mexico; the National Park Service Long Distance Trails Group Office, Santa Fe, Challenge Cost Share Program; and the Archaeological Review Committee, City of Santa Fe, New Mexico. However, the contents of, and the opinions expressed, do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Department of Interior, the National Park Service, the Office of Cultural Affairs, the Historic Preservation Division, the City of Santa Fe, or the Archaeological Review Committee, nor does any mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement of, or recommendations by, the Department of Interior, the National Park Service, the Office of Cultural Affairs, the Historic Preservation Division, the City of Santa Fe, or the Archaeological Review Committee. This report was provided to the City of Santa Fe, 6 December 1995. Debbie Jaramillo, Mayor Larry A. Delgado, Mayor Pro Tern Patti J. Bushee Steven G. Farber Christopher Moore Frank Montano Art Sanchez Amy Manning Phil Griego, Councilors Isaac J. Pino, City Manager ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract........................................................... i Acknowledgements.................................................. i Introduction...................................................... 5 Environmental Background......................................... 8 Physical Environment........................................ 9 Prehistoric Cultural Environment..........................10 Historic Cultural Environment............................. 11 Historic Background and Construction of Fort Marcy....... 14 Previous Research.......................................... 24 Research Design and Methodology................................ 27 Results of the Archaeological Testing..........................30 Banquette and Platform, Trench A.................... 30 The Moat/Rampart and Revetment, Trench B........... 33 The Blockhouse, Trench C............................. 37 The Slurry Pit, Test Pit D...........................38 Faunal Remains............................................. 40 Discussion........................................................43 Summary and Conclusions......................................... 46 References Cited................................................. 47 ■ Figures 1. Site Location...............................................63 2. Site Plan................................................... 64 3. Plan of Trench C........................................... 65 4. Urrutia Map................................................. 66 5. Map of Santa Fe Showing Site Selected for Fort...........67 6. Gilmer Map of Santa Fe, 1846-47........................... 68 7. Elements of a Bastioned Fort.............................. 69 8. View of Santa Fe by Lt. Abert............................. 69 9. 1883 Mansfield Drawing of Fort Marcy..................... 70 10. Ruins of Old Fort Marcy ca. 1880.......................... 71 11. Fort Marcy, 1912........................................... 72 12. Fort Marcy, 1912.......... ................................ 73 13. 1912 Map of Santa Fe with Planned Improvements...........74 14. Aerial View of Fort Marcy ca. 1964........................ 75 Tables 1. Lithic Assemblage, Trench A................................ 32 2. Lithic Assemblage, Trench B................................ 35 3. Inventory of Corn Remains, Trench B....................... 36 4. Lithic Assemblage, Trench C................................ 38 5. Lithic Assemblage, Trench D................................ 40 6. Faunal Remains............................................... 43 Appendix A: Approved Research Design......................... 76 Appendix B: Fort Marcy Essay by David Rammer................ 77 Appendix C: NMCRIS Forms...................................... 78 iii "NOT OCCUPIED. .SINCE THE PEACE:" THE 1995 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT HISTORIC FORT MARCY, SANTA FE, NEW MEXICO CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION PROJECT BACKGROUND Archaeological and historical investigations were conducted by Northern Research Group, Inc., of Las Vegas, New Mexico between March and October, 1995, at LA 111, Fort Marcy, Santa Fe, New Mexico. The investigations included limited test excavations of the banquette/platform, moat and revetment, blockhouse and a slurry pit between June 19-30, 1995. The latter work was performed under New Mexico Permit Number SE-109. The 1995 archaeological and historical investigations were conducted as the third phase of a three-phase project for the purpose of long-term site management and historical interpretation of Fort Marcy. The 1995 investigations at Fort Marcy were sponsored by the National Park Service, the Historic Preservation Division of the Office of Cultural Affairs, the City of Santa Fe, and the City Archaeological Review Committee. Dr. David Kammer was the project historian for Northern Research Group, Inc., while Cordelia Thomas Snow served as project advisor for historic sites archaeology. Archaeological and historical investigations conducted under previous phases of the project by John Acklen (1994) and Frank Wozniak (1992) are discussed below. Fort Marcy is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and on the State Register of Cultural Properties (SR 87). Located on a ridge overlooking the Downtown Historic District in Santa Fe, New Mexico, Fort Marcy lies within City-owned Prince Park. The site, situated on unplatted land in the Santa
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