Nepal Studies Association Bulletin, No. 11 Nepal Studies Association
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Assessment of Water Availability in Major River Basins of Western Nepal
XIIIth World Water Congress, 1- 4 September, 2008, Montpellier, France ASSESSMENT OF WATER AVAILABILITY IN MAJOR RIVER BASINS OF WESTERN NEPAL. Mr. Jagat K. Bhusal, Senior Divisional Hydrologists, Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Nepal Mr. Om Ratna Bajracharya Senior Divisional Hydrologists, Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Nepal Mr. Lekh Nath Bagale, Hydrologist Engineer, Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Nepal ABSTRACT Nepal gets about 80 % of annual rainfall during monsoon which lasts about 100 days only. Most rivers drain more than 75 % of the runoff during same period. In spite of limited arable land and poor irrigation facility, the backbone of Nepalese economy is still dependant on agriculture. Knowledge of the seasonal variability of rainfall and runoff plays a vital role in maximizing the yield. Integrated approach on utilizing the available water for irrigation development, hydropower generation, water supply and other uses are also other challenges in water resource management. This paper is based on study made by Nepal Irrigation Sector Project (NISP) on 77 basins of Western Nepal. Regional analyses were carried out. Long-term data of 35 basins were used to estimate the key hydrological parameters in the remaining 42 basins. Estimation on the natural flow, recurring floods and low flows, runoff- rainfall relationships, water balance, consumptive and non-consumptive water-use were made. Inter-basin groundwater flow is noticed in some areas. Hydropower development would be wise wise-uses of water resources in Nepal. Keywords: Western Nepal, Monsoon, Basins, Ground water. Rainfall, Runoff. INTRODUCTION River basins of Nepal Nepalese can be grouped broadly into (i) High Himalayan river basins, (ii) High mountain river basins (iii) Middle Mountain river basins (iv) Siwalik river basins and (v) Tarai river basins High Himal region have more snow and ice melt contribution where as High mountains and the Middle mountains find base flow sources with less frozen winter melt. -
Chapter 2 Language Use in Nepal
CHAPTER 2 LANGUAGE USE IN NEPAL Yogendra P. Yadava* Abstract This chapter aims to analyse the use of languages as mother tongues and second lan- guages in Nepal on the basis of data from the 2011 census, using tables, maps, and figures and providing explanations for certain facts following sociolinguistic insights. The findings of this chapter are presented in five sections. Section 1 shows the impor- tance of language enumeration in censuses and also Nepal’s linguistic diversity due to historical and typological reasons. Section 2 shows that the number of mother tongues have increased considerably from 92 (Census 2001) to 123 in the census of 2011 due to democratic movements and ensuing linguistic awareness among Nepalese people since 1990. These mother tongues (except Kusunda) belong to four language families: Indo- European, Sino-Tibetan, Austro-Asiatic and Dravidian, while Kusunda is a language isolate. They have been categorised into two main groups: major and minor. The major group consists of 19 mother tongues spoken by almost 96 % of the total population, while the minor group is made up of the remaining 104 plus languages spoken by about 4% of Nepal’s total population. Nepali, highly concentrated in the Hills, but unevenly distributed in other parts of the country, accounts for the largest number of speakers (44.64%). Several cross-border, foreign and recently migrated languages have also been reported in Nepal. Section 3 briefly deals with the factors (such as sex, rural/ urban areas, ethnicity, age, literacy etc.) that interact with language. Section 4 shows that according to the census of 2011, the majority of Nepal’s population (59%) speak only one language while the remaining 41% speak at least a second language. -
Page 20 Backup Bulletin Format on Going
gkfnL] nfsjftf] { tyf ;:s+ lt[ ;dfh Nepali Folklore Society Nepali Folklore Society Vol.1 December 2005 The NFS Newsletter In the first week of July 2005, the research Exploring the Gandharva group surveyed the necessary reference materials related to the Gandharvas and got the background Folklore and Folklife: At a information about this community. Besides, the project office conducted an orientation programme for the field Glance researchers before their departure to the field area. In Introduction the orientation, they were provided with the necessary technical skills for handling the equipments (like digital Under the Folklore and Folklife Study Project, we camera, video camera and the sound recording device). have completed the first 7 months of the first year. During They were also given the necessary guidelines regarding this period, intensive research works have been conducted the data collection methods and procedures. on two folk groups of Nepal: Gandharvas and Gopalis. In this connection, a brief report is presented here regarding the Field Work progress we have made as well as the achievements gained The field researchers worked for data collection in from the project in the attempt of exploring the folklore and and around Batulechaur village from the 2nd week of July folklife of the Gandharva community. The progress in the to the 1st week of October 2005 (3 months altogether). study of Gopalis will be disseminated in the next issue of The research team comprises 4 members: Prof. C.M. Newsletter. Bandhu (Team Coordinator, linguist), Mr. Kusumakar The topics that follow will highlight the progress and Neupane (folklorist), Ms. -
LCSH Section K
K., Rupert (Fictitious character) Motion of K stars in line of sight Ka-đai language USE Rupert (Fictitious character : Laporte) Radial velocity of K stars USE Kadai languages K-4 PRR 1361 (Steam locomotive) — Orbits Ka’do Herdé language USE 1361 K4 (Steam locomotive) UF Galactic orbits of K stars USE Herdé language K-9 (Fictitious character) (Not Subd Geog) K stars—Galactic orbits Ka’do Pévé language UF K-Nine (Fictitious character) BT Orbits USE Pévé language K9 (Fictitious character) — Radial velocity Ka Dwo (Asian people) K 37 (Military aircraft) USE K stars—Motion in line of sight USE Kadu (Asian people) USE Junkers K 37 (Military aircraft) — Spectra Ka-Ga-Nga script (May Subd Geog) K 98 k (Rifle) K Street (Sacramento, Calif.) UF Script, Ka-Ga-Nga USE Mauser K98k rifle This heading is not valid for use as a geographic BT Inscriptions, Malayan K.A.L. Flight 007 Incident, 1983 subdivision. Ka-houk (Wash.) USE Korean Air Lines Incident, 1983 BT Streets—California USE Ozette Lake (Wash.) K.A. Lind Honorary Award K-T boundary Ka Iwi National Scenic Shoreline (Hawaii) USE Moderna museets vänners skulpturpris USE Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary UF Ka Iwi Scenic Shoreline Park (Hawaii) K.A. Linds hederspris K-T Extinction Ka Iwi Shoreline (Hawaii) USE Moderna museets vänners skulpturpris USE Cretaceous-Paleogene Extinction BT National parks and reserves—Hawaii K-ABC (Intelligence test) K-T Mass Extinction Ka Iwi Scenic Shoreline Park (Hawaii) USE Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children USE Cretaceous-Paleogene Extinction USE Ka Iwi National Scenic Shoreline (Hawaii) K-B Bridge (Palau) K-TEA (Achievement test) Ka Iwi Shoreline (Hawaii) USE Koro-Babeldaod Bridge (Palau) USE Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement USE Ka Iwi National Scenic Shoreline (Hawaii) K-BIT (Intelligence test) K-theory Ka-ju-ken-bo USE Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test [QA612.33] USE Kajukenbo K. -
Rakam Land Tenure in Nepal
13 SACRAMENT AS A CULTURAL TRAIT IN RAJVAMSHI COMMUNITY OF NEPAL Prof. Dr. Som Prasad Khatiwada Post Graduate Campus, Biratnagar [email protected] Abstract Rajvamshi is a local ethnic cultural group of eastern low land Nepal. Their traditional villages are scattered mainly in Morang and Jhapa districts. However, they reside in different provinces of West Bengal India also. They are said Rajvamshis as the children of royal family. Their ancestors used to rule in this region centering Kuchvihar of West Bengal in medieval period. They follow Hinduism. Therefore, their sacraments are related with Hindu social organization. They perform different kinds of sacraments. However, they practice more in three cycle of the life. They are naming, marriage and death ceremony. Naming sacrament is done at the sixth day of a child birth. In the same way marriage is another sacrament, which is done after the age of 14. Child marriage, widow marriage and remarriage are also accepted in the society. They perform death ceremony after the death of a person. This ceremony is also performed in the basis of Hindu system. Bengali Brahmin becomes the priests to perform death sacraments. Shradha and Tarpana is also done in the name of dead person in this community. Keywords: Maharaja, Thana, Chhati, Panju and Panbhat. Introduction Rajvamshi is a cultural group of people which reside in Jhapa and Morang districts of eastern Nepal. They were called Koch or Koche before being introduced by the name Rajvamshi. According to CBS data 2011, their total number is 115242 including 56411 males and 58831 females. However, the number of Rajvamshi Language speaking people is 122214, which is more than the total number this group. -
Notes on the Mosquitoes of Nepal I. New Country Records and Revised Aedes Keys (Diptera, Culicidae)’
AUGUST199 1 39 NOTES ON THE MOSQUITOES OF NEPAL I. NEW COUNTRY RECORDS AND REVISED AEDES KEYS (DIPTERA, CULICIDAE)’ RICHARDF. DARSIE, JR.~, SHREEDHARP. PRADHAN~AND RIDDHI GOPAL VAIDYA~ ABSTRACT: Additional collectionsof mosquitoesin the environs of Hetaura, Makwanpur District, and Birgunj,Bara District during 1990,resulted in the discoveryof 4 new country records and the collection of the immature stagesof 7 speciespreviously known from Nepal only in the adult stage. Revisionsand additionsto the Darsie/Pradhankeys are presentedso that the species new to Nepal can be identified. Also, revised Aedes keys are presented. INTRODUCTION these habitatswere quite rewarding. In addi- tion to the new country records, we collected Darsie and Pradhan (1990) publishedan ex- larvae of 7 speciespreviously known from Nepal tensive account of the mosquitoesof Nepal, only as adults. includingall previouspublished works. We re- The purposeof the studywas to samplemos- ported 130 speciesin 14 genera. Another genus, quito breeding habitats in and near Hetaura, Teteroides, wasincluded in our report without Makwanpur District, Narayani Zone, locatedin a speciesbeing named. One of the 4 species the inner terai at an elevation of 187 m. Also, whichwe are reporting asnew to Nepal belongs collectionswere made on 1 occasionnear Bir- to thisgenus. We are addingnotes on mosquito gunj, Bara District, Narayani Zone, closeto the habitats sampled, based on recent collections Indian border at an elevation of 100 m. Adults, made in 1990. captured by hand aspirator, and larvae were Only culicine and sabethinemosquitoes are mountedfor study. Certain larvae of the genera included in this account. Peters and Dewar Aedesand Heizmannia could not be identified (1956), Joshiet al. -
Final Evaluation Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Nepal: Naya Bato Naya Paila Project -New Path New Steps
FINAL (AFTER COMMENTS) Independent Final Evaluation Combating Exploitive Child Labor through Education in Nepal: Naya Bato Naya Paila Project -New Path New Steps- USDOL Cooperative Agreement No: IL-19513-09-75-K Report prepared by: Dr. Martina Nicolls April 2013 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................ v LIST OF ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................... vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... 1 Country Context ................................................................................................................................................... 1 Relevance: Shifting Project Priorities ................................................................................................................... 1 Effectiveness ........................................................................................................................................................ 2 Efficiency .............................................................................................................................................................. 3 Impact .................................................................................................................................................................. 3 Sustainability ....................................................................................................................................................... -
Lumbini Buddhist University
Lumbini Buddhist University Course of Study M.A. in Theravada Buddhism Lumbini Buddhist University Office of the Dean Senepa, Kathmandu Nepal History of Buddhism M.A. Theravada Buddhism First Year Paper I-A Full Mark: 50 MATB 501 Teaching Hours: 75 Unit I : Introductory Background 15 1. Sources of History of Buddhism 2 Introduction of Janapada and Mahajanapadas of 5th century BC 3. Buddhism as religion and philosophy Unit II : Origin and Development of Buddhism 15 1. Life of Buddha from birth to Mahaparinirvan 2. Buddhist Councils 3. Introduction to Eighteen Nikayas 4. Rise of Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism Unit III: Expansion of Buddhism in Asia 15 1. Expansion of Buddhism in South: a. Sri Lanka b. Myanmar c. Thailand d. Laos, e. Cambodia 2. Expansion of Buddhism in North a. China, b. Japan, c. Korea, d. Mongolia e. Tibet, Unit IV: Buddhist Learning Centres 15 1. Vihars as seat of Education Learning Centres (Early Vihar establishments) 2. Development of Learning Centres: 1 a. Taxila Nalanda, b. Vikramashila, c. Odantapuri, d. Jagadalla, e. Vallabi, etc. 3. Fall of Ancient Buddhist Learning Centre Unit IV: Revival of Buddhism in India in modern times 15 1 Social-Religious Movement during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. 2. Movement of the Untouchables in the twentieth century. 3. Revival of Buddhism in India with special reference to Angarika Dhaminapala, B.R. Ambedkar. Suggested Readings 1. Conze, Edward, A Short History of Buddhism, London: George Allen and Unwin, 1980. 2. Dhammika, Ven. S., The Edicts of King Ashoka, Kandy: Buddhist Publication Society, 1994. 3. Dharmananda, K. -
Changing the Sound of Nationalism in Nepal: Deudā Songs and the Far Western Region
This article was downloaded by: [Anna Stirr] On: 23 July 2012, At: 18:43 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK South Asian Popular Culture Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rsap20 Changing the sound of nationalism in Nepal: Deudā songs and the far western region Anna Stirr a a Asian Studies, University of Hawai'i at Manoā, Honolulu, HI, USA Version of record first published: 18 Jul 2012 To cite this article: Anna Stirr (2012): Changing the sound of nationalism in Nepal: Deudā songs and the far western region, South Asian Popular Culture, DOI:10.1080/14746689.2012.706023 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14746689.2012.706023 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and- conditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. -
Urban History of Darjeeling Through Phases : a Study of Society, Economy and Polity "The Queen of the Himalayas"
URBAN HISTORY OF DARJEELING THROUGH PHASES : A STUDY OF SOCIETY, ECONOMY AND POLITY OF "THE QUEEN OF THE HIMALAYAS" THESIS SUBMITTED BY SMT. NUPUR DAS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTORATE OF PHILOSOPHY (ARTS) OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH BENGAL 2007 RESEARCH SUPERVISOR Dr. Dilip Kumar Sarkar Controller of Examinations University of North Bengal CO-SUPERVISOR Professor Pradip Kumar Sengupta Department of Political Science University of North Bengal J<*eP 35^. \A 7)213 UL l.^i87(J7 0 \ OCT 2001 CONTENTS Page No. Preface (i)- (ii) PROLOGUE 01 - 25 Chapter- I : PRE-COLONIAL DARJEELING ... 26 - 48 Chapter- II : COLONIAL URBAN DARJEELING ... 49-106 Chapter-III : POST COLONIAL URBAN SOCIAL DARJEELING ... 107-138 Chapter - IV : POST-COLONIAL URBAN ECONOMIC DARJEELING ... 139-170 Chapter - V : POST-COLONIAL URBAN POLITICAL DARJEELING ... 171-199 Chapter - VI : EPILOGUE 200-218 BIBLIOGRAPHY ,. 219-250 APPENDICES : 251-301 (APPENDIX I to XII) PHOTOGRAPHS PREFACE My interest in the study of political history of Urban Darjeeling developed about two decades ago when I used to accompany my father during his official visits to the different corners of the hills of Darjeeling. Indeed, I have learnt from him my first lesson of history, society, economy, politics and administration of the hill town Darjeeling. My rearing in Darjeeling hills (from Kindergarten to College days) helped me to understand the issues with a difference. My parents provided the every possible congenial space to learn and understand the history of Darjeeling and history of the people of Darjeeling. Soon after my post- graduation from this University, located in the foot-hills of the Darjeeling Himalayas, I was encouraged to take up a study on Darjeeling by my teachers. -
A Review of Forest Policies, Institutions, and Changes in the Resource Condition in Nepal
136 International Forestry Review 6(2), 2004 A review of forest policies, institutions, and changes in the resource condition in Nepal A.P. GAUTAM, G.P. SHIVAKOTI and E.L. WEBB School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 4, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand Email: [email protected] SUMMARY This paper reviews the evolution of forest policies and forestry institutions in Nepal and tracks the accompanying trends of change in the country’s forest cover over the last century. Our objective is to provide an essential foundation to the policy reform process that is underway in Nepal and many other Asian countries. The review shows that before 1957 the Nepalese government’s focus was on conversion of forestlands to farmlands, and extraction of timber for export. After the nationalisation of the forests in 1957 until 1976, policy-making efforts were oriented towards national control of forests through stringent laws and expansion of the forest bureaucracy. This approach failed as evidenced by widespread deforestation and forest degradation across the country during the 1960s through 1980s. Early efforts of the government and donor agencies to rectify the problem through reforestation and afforestation also largely failed, but these efforts paved the way for subsequent initiation of the participatory approach to forest management in the late 1970s. Since then, community-based forest management evolved continuously under the aegis of supportive forest policies and legislations. The present community forestry program has met with notable successes in some areas. However, the program has been confronted with some contentious issues in recent years including a policy debate over the suitability of forests in the southern lowlands (the terai) for community management and sharing of income obtained from community forests. -
NRNA Nepal Promotion Committee Overview
NRNA Nepal Promotion Committee Overview Nepal is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is located mainly in the Himalayas but also includes parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. With an estimated population of 29.4 million, it is 48th largest country by population and 93rd largest country by area.[2][14] It borders China in the north and India in the south, east, and west. Nepal has a diverse geography, including fertile plains, subalpine forested hills, and eight of the world's ten tallest mountains, including Mount Everest, the highest point on Earth. Kathmandu is the nation's capital and largest city. The name "Nepal" is first recorded in texts from the Vedic Age, the era in which Hinduism was founded, the predominant religion of the country. In the middle of the first millennium BCE, Gautama Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, was born in southern Nepal. Parts of northern Nepal were intertwined with the culture of Tibet. The centrally located Kathmandu Valley was the seat of the prosperous Newar confederacy known as Nepal Mandala. The Himalayan branch of the ancient Silk Road was dominated by the valley's traders. The cosmopolitan region developed distinct traditional art and architecture. By the 18th century, the Gorkha Kingdom achieved the unification of Nepal. The Shah dynasty established the Kingdom of Nepal and later formed an alliance with the British Empire, under its Rana dynasty of premiers. The country was never colonised but served as a buffer state between Imperial China and colonial India. Parliamentary democracy was introduced in 1951, but was twice suspended by Nepalese monarchs, in 1960 and 2005.