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Total Sanitation: a Community Stake

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Total Sanitation: a Community Stake Total Sanitation: A Community Stake Helal Mohiuddin, PhD Md. Ayub Ali Edited by: Joseph Halder NGO Forum for Drinking Water Supply & Sanitation 1 First published December 2005 © NGO Forum for Drinking Water Supply & Sanitation All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or translated in any form or by any means without prior permission in writing from the publisher. ISBN 984-32-2774-3 Edited by : Joseph Halder Editorial Assistance : Xavier Sku Cover Design : Waresul Haque Design : ………………………….. Printing Supervision : Development Communication Cell Computer Compose : Mazedul Hoque Prodhan Published by: NGO Forum for Drinking Water Supply & Sanitation 4/6, Block-E, Lalmatia, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh Printed by: …………………………… 2 Table of Contents Foreword …………………………………………………………………………………………. 0 Preface …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 0 CHAPTER – 1 …………………………………………………………………………………….. 0 Sanitation: Global Meets Local …………………………………………………………………. 0 1.1 Universal Sanitation Needs in Perspective …………………………………………… 0 1.2 Revisiting Regional Stakes ……………………………………………………………… 0 1.3 National Level Response ……………………………………………………………….. 0 1.4 Outcome Preview ………………………………………………………………………… 0 CHAPTER – 2 …………………………………………………………………………………….. 0 Proper Sanitation: Structural Factor Analysis ………………………………………………… 0 2.1 Socio-political and Economic Dynamics: Revisiting Approaches …………………. 0 2.2 Attacking Poverty: Looking through the Lenses of Hard-core Poor ………………. 0 2.3 Reverting Ideational Poverty …………………………………………………………... 0 2.4 Breaking the Dependence-chain ……………………………………………………….. 0 2.5 Moving Ahead from Top-down to Participatory Approaches ……………………… 0 2.6 Community First: Motivation Decentralized ………………………………………… 0 CHAPTER – 3 …………………………………………………………………………………….. 0 Community-led Total Sanitation (CLTS) ……………………………………………………… 0 3.1 Bangladesh Perspectives of Total Sanitation …………………………………………. 0 3.2 What is CLTS? …………………………………………………………………………… 0 3.3 The Indicators of the CLTS …………………………………………………………….. 0 3.4 National WatSan Policy Principles Corresponding to the CLTS Approach ……… 0 3.5 The Vision ………………………………………………………………………………… 0 3.6 Software Comes into Being …………………………………………………………….. 0 CHAPTER – 4 …………………………………………………………………………………….. 0 A Journey towards the CLTS Approach ………………………………………………………. 0 4.1 The CLTS: Mission Redefined …………………………………………………………. 0 4.2 Processual Linkages …………………………………………………………………….. 0 4.2.1 Situation Analysis ………………………………………………………………………. 0 4.2.2 Role Distribution ………………………………………………………………………… 0 4.2.3 Execution in Perspective ……………………………………………………………….. 0 4.3 CLTS Implementation Strategy ………………………………………………………… 0 4.4 The Process of Identification of the Hard-core Poor ………………………………… 0 4.5 People Counts First: Involving Community in Joint Stakes ………………………… 0 CHAPTER – 5 …………………………………………………………………………………….. 0 CLTS in Action: Leadership, Coordination & Participation ………………………………… 0 5.1 Leadership ……………………………………………………………………………….. 0 5.1.1 Decentralization in Leadership ………………………………………………………… 0 3 5.2 Coordination …………………………………………………………………………….. 0 5.2.1 The Process: Stages of Coordination ………………………………………………….. 0 5.3 Participation ……………………………………………………………………………… 0 3.3.1 Community Alliances Holding Stakes in Participation ……………………………… 0 CHAPTER – 6 …………………………………………………………………………………….. 0 Capacity Building and Service Promotion …………………………………………………….. 0 6.1 Training: A Means of Capacity Building ……………………………………………… 0 6.1.1 Enhancing Leadership and Management at the Community ………………………. 0 6.2 Promoting Partnership …………………………………………………………………. 0 6.3 Sensitizing People through Promotional Activities …………………………………. 0 6.3.1 Institutionalizing Hygiene Education ………………………………………………… 0 6.4 Promotion of Hardware Facilities ……………………………………………………… 0 6.5 Follow-up & Monitoring ………………………………………………………………… 0 CHAPTER – 7 …………………………………………………………………………………….. 0 Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………………………… 0 REFERENCES …………………………………………………………………………………….. 0 4 Foreword Bangladesh has been progressing optimistically towards a satisfactory WatSan scenario in the recent times despite many challenges. The moves from the government, development agencies and stakeholders addressing the problems and focusing on effective progress have proven their pledges for a desirable situation in the WatSan sector. Following the declaration of the World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002 in Johannesburg, in line with the MDGs, “To halve, by the year 2015, the proportion of people who do not have access to basic sanitation”, the Government of Bangladesh has initiated intensive campaign to reach the goal “Sanitation for All by 2010”. The UN-proclaimed new water decade ‘International Decade for Action, “Water for Life”, 2005-2015’ has also added a new dimension on way to achieve the goal. In this line from SACOSAN, held in October 2003, onwards the government has taken many positive steps while pledging for all out cooperation from all development partners concerned. As a result the complementing role by the NGOs, CBOs, women, school-teachers & students, religious leaders, influential community people, cultural activists, monitoring bodies, hardware support service providers in collaboration with different layers of the local government and other stakeholders have been contributing in achieving a remarkable success in sanitation promotion throughout the country. NGO Forum, being the apex body of the WatSan NGOs and private sector operators in Bangladesh has been facilitating the Union-based Total Sanitation since 2003 following the Community-led Total Sanitation (CLTS) approach while the local government institutions (LGIs) remain in the coordinating position. NGO Forum has documented its success and experiences in facilitating the Union-based Total Sanitation. The book Total Sanitation: A Community Stake upholds a complete process of motivation and mobilization services along with hardware provision, and the impact and effectiveness of the services facilitated by LGIs, NGOs and the community allies from an evaluative perspective. The Book presents and reflects the success of the CLTS approach that leads to understand the capabilities and experience, and the effects of Union-based Total Sanitation implemented within the intervention unions of NGO Forum, and to know the level and dimension of LGI and community participation on way towards sustainability of the sanitation facilities and hygiene behaviour. The Book is a documentation of the fact-based efficiency of implementation process as well as the motivation methods having the community itself involved in the process ranging from planning to monitoring under the Community-led Total Sanitation approach. The Book also describes the ins and outs about NGO Forum’s Union-based Total Sanitation upholding the theoretical issues of CLTS in the light of its theoretical perspective along with the implementation process and its success in the intervened unions. In relation to this the Total Sanitation: A Community Stake also bears the significance to be used as a reference book for the policy and programme planners, development professionals, relevant stakeholders in the civil society as well as the academicians since, to my knowledge, there is no any other publication yet where interested readers, agencies or individuals are able to know about total sanitation following the CLTS approach in a complete form. 5 I have the pleasure to take the opportunity to thank the resource persons Dr. Helal Mohiuddin and Md. Ayub Ali of SRDS who took all the pains to win over every hurdle while conducting the study and making it processed with all their professional skills and knowledge to get this Book published as a spade work. I express my gratitude to Danida for its sincere support by sharing resources for conduction of the study and publishing the Book. I appreciate my colleagues’ committed contribution who worked hard for giving the publication a final shape. I hope, the Book would be of great interest to its potential readers, in particular to those who are interested to know the evolution, implementation and the success of Union-based Total Sanitation following the CLTS approach in Bangladesh. S.M.A. Rashid December 2005 6 Preface NGO Forum has been laying a great emphasis on national sanitation promotion. For promoting the sanitation situation of a community NGO Forum facilitates the implementation of its programme through the partners targeting the total population of a respective community in a community-managed approach. With a view to scaling up the experiences of its community- managed approach in a wider range the Forum has initiated a new and innovative programme– Union-based Total Sanitation. The Union-based Total Sanitation is implemented following the Community-led Total Sanitation (CLTS) approach while each and every household of a union is targeted for 100% sanitation coverage. Starting in the year 2003, following The Dhaka Declaration on Sanitation, NGO Forum has so far been able to cover 56 unions with total sanitation facilities. Through implementation of Union-based Total Sanitation the Forum has been complementing in reaching the goal “Sanitation for All by 2010”. The book Total Sanitation: A Community Stake begins with the theoretical perspectives of CLTS as an approach under the Union-based Total Sanitation based on the global, regional and national context. Since the perspectives of CLTS approach are identified through awareness building, motivation, capacity building and sensitization of community allies, on way towards making
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