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IEA Guide to Reporting Energy RD&D Budget/ Expenditure Statistics

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IEA Guide to Reporting Energy RD&D Budget/ Expenditure Statistics IEA Guide to Reporting Energy RD&D Budget/ Expenditure Statistics JUNE 2011 EDITION INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY The International Energy Agency (IEA), an autonomous agency, was established in November 1974. Its primary mandate was – and is – two-fold: to promote energy security amongst its member countries through collective response to physical disruptions in oil supply, and provide authoritative research and analysis on ways to ensure reliable, affordable and clean energy for its 28 member countries and beyond. The IEA carries out a comprehensive programme of energy co-operation among its member countries, each of which is obliged to hold oil stocks equivalent to 90 days of its net imports. The Agency’s aims include the following objectives: n Secure member countries’ access to reliable and ample supplies of all forms of energy; in particular, through maintaining effective emergency response capabilities in case of oil supply disruptions. n Promote sustainable energy policies that spur economic growth and environmental protection in a global context – particularly in terms of reducing greenhouse-gas emissions that contribute to climate change. n Improve transparency of international markets through collection and analysis of energy data. n Support global collaboration on energy technology to secure future energy supplies and mitigate their environmental impact, including through improved energy efficiency and development and deployment of low-carbon technologies. n Find solutions to global energy challenges through engagement and dialogue with non-member countries, industry, international organisations and other stakeholders. IEA member countries: Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea (Republic of) Luxembourg Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic © OECD/IEA, 2011 Spain International Energy Agency Sweden 9 rue de la Fédération 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France Switzerland Turkey www.iea.org United Kingdom Please note that this publication United States is subject to specific restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The European Commission The terms and conditions are available also participates in online at www.iea.org/about/copyright.asp the work of the IEA. Foreword ........................................................................................................ 7 Acknowledgments ........................................................................................... 9 PART 1 - FUNDAMENTALS I Introduction .......................................................................................... 13 I.1 Background ............................................................................................... 13 I.2 Concept of the manual ............................................................................... 13 II Scope of the manual .............................................................................. 15 II.1 What is “Energy RD&D”? ............................................................................ 15 . General concepts related to R&D (Frascati Manual) .............................. 15 . Specificities of energy RD&D ................................................................... 16 II.2 What are public RD&D budgets/expenditures? .......................................... 17 . RD&D performer-based expenditures vs. budget data sources ............. 17 . What is public? ........................................................................................ 18 II.3 Main differences between GBAORD and GERD data ................................... 20 . General differences ................................................................................. 20 . GBAORD and government-financed GERD ............................................. 20 . GBAORD and GERD by socio-economic objectives ................................. 20 III Measurement of RD&D ......................................................................... 21 III.1 What is included in RD&D? ........................................................................ 21 . Costs and capital expenditures ............................................................... 21 . Depreciation of fixed assets .................................................................... 21 III.2 What is not considered as RD&D? .............................................................. 21 . Scientific and technological activities ..................................................... 21 . RD&D and technical innovations ............................................................ 23 . RD&D in software, social sciences and service activities ........................ 23 . RD&D administration and other supporting activities ............................ 24 . Post-payment .......................................................................................... 24 IEA Guide to Reporting Energy RD&D Budget/Expenditure Statistics, 30 June 2011 edition 3 IV Tips to filling in the questionnaire ......................................................... 25 IV.1 Structure of the questionnaire ................................................................... 25 . Levels of information .............................................................................. 25 . Memo items ............................................................................................ 25 . Optional categories and the use of “Unallocated” ................................. 26 . R&D column ............................................................................................ 26 . Demonstration column ........................................................................... 26 . RD&D for state-owned companies ......................................................... 26 IV.2 Reporting issues......................................................................................... 26 . Currency .................................................................................................. 26 . Fiscal year vs. calendar year .................................................................... 26 . Multi-annual projects .............................................................................. 26 . Metadata ................................................................................................. 27 . Treatment of missing information .......................................................... 27 . Budgetary stage and actualisation of anterior data ............................... 27 PART 2 – DEFINITIONS Group 1: Energy Efficiency ............................................................................ 31 . Industry ........................................................................................................................ 31 . Residential and commercial buildings, appliances and equipment ............................ 33 . Transport ..................................................................................................................... 36 . Other energy efficiency ............................................................................................... 39 Group 2: Fossil Fuels ..................................................................................... 43 . Oil and gas ................................................................................................................... 43 . Coal .............................................................................................................................. 46 . CO2 capture and storage ............................................................................................. 48 Group 3: Renewable Energy Sources ............................................................ 51 . Solar energy ................................................................................................................. 51 . Wind energy ................................................................................................................ 53 . Ocean energy ............................................................................................................... 54 . Biofuels (including liquid biofuels, solid biofuels and biogases) ................................. 55 . Geothermal energy ...................................................................................................... 59 . Hydroelectricity ........................................................................................................... 61 . Other renewable energy sources ................................................................................ 62 4 IEA Guide to Reporting Energy RD&D Budget/Expenditure Statistics, 30 June 2011 edition Group 4: Nuclear Fission and Fusion ............................................................. 63 . Nuclear fission ............................................................................................................. 63 . Nuclear fusion .............................................................................................................. 67 Group 5: Hydrogen and Fuel Cells ................................................................. 69 . Hydrogen ..................................................................................................................... 69 . Fuel cells ...................................................................................................................... 71 Group 6: Other Power and Storage Technologies ......................................... 75 . Electric power generation
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