Clinical Features of
Retinal Disease
______
David A. Quillen, MD
Penn State College of Medicine
Barbara A. Blodi, MD
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Handout modified from: Quillen DA, Blodi, BA, and Bennett TJ. Clinical Features of Retinal Disease. Quillen DA and Blodi BA, eds. Clinical Retina. Chicago: AMA Press, 2002. CHAPTER 3 Clinical Features of Retinal Disease 71
TABLE 1 Clinical Features of Retinal Disease
Bull’s Eye Maculopathy Cherry Red Spot Choroiretinal Folds
Macular Diseases Age-Related Macular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Degeneration
Macular Hole (chronic) Hypotony Maculopathy
Pattern Dystrophy Idiopathic Chorioretinal Folds
Posterior Microphthalmos
Retinal Vascular Diseases Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
Hereditary Disorders Stargardt Disease Tay-Sachs Disease
Cone Dystrophy Niemann-Pick Disease
Retinitis Pigmentosa Cherry Red Spot Myoclonus
Fenestrated Sheen Macular Dystrophy
Concentric Annular Macular Dystrophy
Drug Toxicities Chloroquine/ Gentamicin Toxicity Hydroxychloroquine
Fomivirsen
Inflammatory Diseases Acute Macular Posterior Scleritis Neuroretinopathy
UAIM
Tumors
Trauma Commotio Retinae
Peripheral Retinal Diseases
Vitreous
Other Papilledema
Optic Disc Drusen
Retrobulbar Tumor
continued 72 CHAPTER 3 Clinical Features of Retinal Disease
TABLE 1 Clinical Features of Retinal Disease (cont’d)
Choroidal Cotton Wool Spot Cystoid Macular Edema Neovascularization
Macular Diseases Age-Related Macular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Degeneration Myopia Post-Intraocular Surgery CME Angioid Streaks Epiretinal Membrane Pattern Dystrophy Vitreoretinal Traction Syndrome Polypoidal Choroidal Hypotony Maculopathy Vasculopathy Idiopathic Retinal Vascular Diseases Diabetic Retinopathy Diabetic Retinopathy Hypertensive Retinopathy Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion Retinal Vascular Occlusions Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Leukemic Retinopathy Radiation Retinopathy Anemia Bone Marrow Transplantation Hereditary Disorders Best’s Disease Retinitis Pigmentosa Stargardt Disease X-Linked Juvenile Retinoschisis Gyrate Atrophy Retinitis Pigmentosa Drug Toxicities Interferon Toxicity Latanoprost-related CME Nicotinic Acid Maculopathy Epinephrine Reaction Inflammatory Diseases POHS HIV Retinopathy Birdshot Chorioretinopathy Multifocal Choroiditis CMV Retinopathy Intermediate Uveitis Serpiginous Choroiditis Systemic Lupus Idiopathic Vitritis Erythematosus Behçet’s Disease Giant Cell Arteritis Polyarteritis Nodosa Cat Scratch Disease Tumors Choroidal Nevus Choroidal Melanoma Choroidal Osteoma Trauma Choroidal Rupture Purtscher’s Retinopathy Blunt Trauma Peripheral Retinal Diseases Chronic Retinal Detachment Vitreous Other Laser Photocoagulation Optic Disc Drusen CHAPTER 3 Clinical Features of Retinal Disease 73
TABLE 1 Clinical Features of Retinal Disease (cont’d)
Drusen Flecked Retina Foveal Yellow Spot Syndromes
Macular Diseases Age-Related Macular Macular Hole, Stage I Degeneration Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Choroidal Neovascularization
Cystoid Macular Edema
Pattern Dystrophy
Solar Retinopathy
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (Drusen)
Retinal Vascular Diseases Diabetic Retinopathy
Toxemia of Pregnancy
Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Hereditary Disorders North Carolina Stargardt Disease Macular Dystrophy Fundus Albipunctatus
Dominant Drusen Flecked Retina of Kandori
Retinitis Punctata Albescens
Alport’s Syndrome
Drug Toxicities Crystalline Retinopathies
Inflammatory Diseases
Tumors Choroidal Nevus
Trauma
Peripheral Retinal Diseases Uveal Effusion Syndrome
Vitreous
Other Type II Glomerulonephritis
continued 74 CHAPTER 3 Clinical Features of Retinal Disease
TABLE 1 Clinical Features of Retinal Disease (cont’d)
Intraretinal Lipid Exudates Macular Atrophy Hemorrhages
Macular Diseases Age-Related Macular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Degeneration Chronic Central Serous Angioid Streaks Chorioretinopathy Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Myopic Degeneration Chronic CME Macular Phototoxicity Pattern Dystrophy Retinal Vascular Diseases Diabetic Retinopathy Diabetic Retinopathy Hypertensive Retinopathy Hypertensive Retinopathy Branch Retinal Vein Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion Occlusion Central Retinal Vein Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Occlusion Leukemic Retinopathy Juxtafoveal Retinal Telangiectasis Radiation Retinopathy Radiation Retinopathy Anemia Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysm Ocular Ischemic Coat’s Disease Syndrome Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysm Sickle Cell Retinopathy Bone Marrow Transplantation High-altitude Sickness CHAPTER 3 Clinical Features of Retinal Disease 75
TABLE 1 Clinical Features of Retinal Disease (cont’d)
Intraretinal Lipid Exudates Macular Atrophy Hemorrhages
Hereditary Disorders Retinitis Pigmentosa Stargardt Disease Best’s Disease North Carolina Macular Dystrophy Sorsby’s Macular Dystrophy Choroideremia Gyrate Atrophy Cone Dystrophy Rod-Cone Degeneration Drug Toxicities Intraocular Gentamicin Chloroquine/ Hydroxychloroquine Inflammatory Diseases HIV Retinopathy POHS CMV Retinitis Toxoplasmosis Sarcoidosis Multifocal Choroiditis Behçet’s Disease Serpiginous Choroiditis Tumors Choroidal Melanoma Retinal Capillary Hemangioma Trauma Blunt Trauma Chronic Retinal Detachment Commotio Retinae Shaken Baby Syndrome Choroidal Rupture Valsalva Retinopathy Terson’s Syndrome Purtscher’s Retinopathy Peripheral Retinal Diseases Vitreoretinal Traction Retinal Detachment Syndrome Retinal Tear/Detachment Vitreous Posterior Vitreous Detachment Other Laser Photocoagulation
continued 76 CHAPTER 3 Clinical Features of Retinal Disease
TABLE 1 Clinical Features of Retinal Disease (cont’d)
Optic Disc Edema with Peripheral Pigment Epithelial Macular Star Pigmentation Detachment
Macular Diseases Central Serous Age-Related Macular Chorioretinopathy Degeneration Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy
Retinal Vascular Diseases Hypertensive Retinopathy
Hereditary Disorders Retinitis Pigmentosa Stargardt Disease Pigmented Paravenous Retinochoroidal
Drug Toxicities Chloroquine Toxicity Siderosis
Inflammatory Diseases Cat Scratch Disease DUSN Toxoplasmosis Viral Retinitis Lyme Disease Syphilis Tuberculosis Polyarteritis Nodosa
Tumors Optic Disc Capillary BDUMP Hemangiomas
Trauma Commotio Retinae Choroidal Rupture
Peripheral Retinal Diseases Choroidal Effusion (late) Chronic Retinal Detachment Reticular Pigmentary Degeneration Lattice Degeneration
Vitreous Other Papilledema Scatter Laser Optic Neuropathy Photocoagulation CHAPTER 3 Clinical Features of Retinal Disease 77
TABLE 1 Clinical Features of Retinal Disease (cont’d)
Pigmented Lesions Preretinal Hemorrhage Retinal Crystals
Macular Diseases
Retinal Vascular Diseases Juxtafoveal Retinal Diabetic Retinopathy Juxtafoveal Retinal Telangiectasis Telangiectasis Sickle Cell Retinopathy Branch Retinal Vein Sickle Cell Retinopathy (Black Sunburst) Occlusion Sickle Cell Retinopathy Leukemic Retinopathy Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysm
Hereditary Disorders X-Linked Juvenile Bietti’s Crystalline Retinal Retinoschisis Dystrophy Cystinosis Hyperoxaluria
Drug Toxicities Tamoxifen Toxicity Canthaxanthine Toxicity Talc Retinopathy
Inflammatory Diseases Toxoplasmosis (inactive scar)
Tumors Choroidal Nevus Choroidal Melanoma CHRPE Bear Tracks Melanocytoma
Trauma Terson’s Syndrome Valsalva Retinopathy Shaken Baby Syndrome
Peripheral Retinal Diseases Retinal Tear
Vitreous Posterior Vitreous Detachment
Other
continued 78 CHAPTER 3 Clinical Features of Retinal Disease
TABLE 1 Clinical Features of Retinal Disease (cont’d)
Retinal Retinitis Rubeosis Neovascularization
Macular Diseases
Retinal Vascular Diseases Diabetic Retinopathy Diabetic Retinopathy Branch Retinal Vein Central Retinal Artery Occlusion Occlusion Radiation Retinopathy Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Sickle Cell Retinopathy Ocular Ischemic Syndrome Retinopathy of Prematurity Coat’s Disease Leukemic Retinopathy Radiation Retinopathy FEVR Retinopathy of Prematurity Eale’s Disease
Hereditary Disorders Norrie’s Disease Incontinentia Pigmenti
Drug Toxicities Talc Retinopathy
Inflammatory Diseases Eale’s Disease Toxoplasmosis Pars Planitis CMV Retinitis Sarcoidosis HSV Retinitis Acute Retinal Necrosis PORN Cat Scratch Disease Toxocariasis Syphilis Fungal Chorioretinitis Behçet’s Disease
Tumors Retinoblastoma Choroidal Melanoma
Trauma
Peripheral Retinal Diseases Chronic Retinal Detachment Chronic Retinal Detachment
Vitreous CNS Lymphoma
Other CHAPTER 3 Clinical Features of Retinal Disease 79
TABLE 1 Clinical Features of Retinal Disease (cont’d)
Subretinal Fluid Vasculitis Vitelliform Lesions
Macular Diseases Age-Related Macular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Degeneration Central Serous Pattern Dystrophies Chorioretinopathy
Retinal Vascular Diseases Coat’s Disease Eale’s Disease Toxemia of Pregnancy Ocular Ischemic Syndrome
Hereditary Disorders Best’s Disease
Drug Toxicities
Inflammatory Diseases Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Behçet’s Disease Syndrome Posterior Scleritis Sarcoidosis Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Pars Planitis/ Multiple Sclerosis Toxoplasmosis Syphilis Tuberculosis Viral Retinitis/ARN Toxocariasis Birdshot Chorioretinopathy Lyme Disease Leukemic/Lymphoma Frosted Branch Angiitis
Tumors Choroidal Melanoma Choroidal Hemangioma Choroidal Metastasis
Trauma
Peripheral Retinal Diseases
Vitreous Idiopathic Vitritis CNS Lymphoma
Other Optic Pit
continued 80 CHAPTER 3 Clinical Features of Retinal Disease
TABLE 1 Clinical Features of Retinal Disease (cont’d)
Vitreous Hemorrhage White-Centered White Dot Syndromes Hemorrhages
Macular Diseases Age-Related Macular Drusen Degeneration Retinal Vascular Diseases Diabetic Retinopathy Diabetic Retinopathy Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion Sickle Cell Retinopathy Leukemic Retinopathy Leukemic Retinopathy Hypertensive Retinopathy Retinal Arterial Anemia Macroaneurysm Eale’s Disease Coat’s Disease Peripapillary Arterial Loops Retinopathy of Prematurity Hereditary Disorders X-Linked Juvenile Stargardt Disease Retinoschisis Fundus Albipunctatus Retinitis Punctata Albescens Flecked Retina of Kandori Drug Toxicities CHAPTER 3 Clinical Features of Retinal Disease 81
TABLE 1 Clinical Features of Retinal Disease (cont’d)
Vitreous Hemorrhage White-Centered White Dot Syndromes Hemorrhages
Inflammatory Diseases Sarcoidosis HIV Retinopathy APMPPE Pars Planitis Candida MEWDS Endophthalmitis DUSN Toxoplasmosis Multifocal Choroiditis Serpiginous Choroiditis Birdshot Chorioretinitis Sarcoidosis Histoplasmosis Pneumocystis Choroidopathy Behçet’s Disease Toxoplasmosis Sympathetic Ophthalmia Syphilis Tumors Trauma Terson’s Syndrome Shaken Baby Syndrome Shaken Baby Syndrome Childbirth Optic Disc Evulsion Peripheral Retinal Diseases Retinal Tear/Detachment Vitreous Posterior Vitreous Detachment Lymphoma Other Subacute Bacterial Laser Photocoagulation Endocarditis Intracranial Hemorrhage Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/Anoxia
continued