Singapore Autonomous Vehicle Initiative (SAVI)

Dr Chin Kian Keong Group Director, Transportation and Road Operations [email protected]

ASIA

Singapore Land area: 719 m2 Population: 5.5 mil Density: 7,697 /km2

Source: www.singstats.gov.sg

5km/square km Road Density 3,500km Road Network 1car/10 persons Car Ownership 960,000 Total Vehicles Population 575,000 private cars

Source: LTA Publications & Research

Land Constraints 12% of total land used for road and land transport infrastructure

Shortage of Labour Truck, lorry and bus drivers Ageing Population 30% aged 65 and above by 2030

Reduce Reliance on Private Transport Promoting car sharing and mobility on demand

Increase Public Transport Usage Promoting and Making public transport accessible and reliable

Sustainable Transport Encourage Cycling Eco-System and Walking For first-mile and last-mile travel

Increase road safety AVs enable ageing population to maintain freedom of mobility while ensuring safe driving Optimise road capacity AVs enable ageing population to maintain freedom of mobility while ensuring safe driving

Enabling new mobility concept in new towns AV Mobility-On-Demand and AV vehicle-sharing schemes to complement walking and cycling in new towns

Increase R&D Value-Add Singapore is a Living Laboratory and is ideal for conducting test-bed for AV development and deployment Singapore Autonomous Vehicles Initiative (SAVI)

Fixed & Scheduled Services Vision

Point-to-point demand for car Mobility-on- ownership demand

road congestion during peak hours

Freight Public Acceptance and Regulations and Acceptance Public

manpower reliance Utility (e.g. rubbish truck, road sweeping) Technology,

August 2014 June 2015 May 2016 2018 – 2019 • Formation of • Launch of RFI for AV • Launch of RFP • Operational Trial CARTS Bus, Mobility-On- for AV Truck • Launch of SAVI Demand (MOD) and AV Platooning Centre of Excellence

Beyond 2020 2018 - 2019 August 2014 June 2015 May 2016 •Pilot January 2015 August 2015 August 2016 Deployment in new town

January 2015 August 2015 August 2016 • Launch of one-north • Launch of 2 AVs • Launch of Centre of Excellence test-bed area for AV live trial in one-north for Testing and Research of AVs trial on public roads • Launch of AV MOD trial with nuTonomy and Delphi

Copyright © 2016 Land Transport Authority 9 AV and V2X Test-Bed @ one-north Dedicated Short Range one-north public route for AV testing Communications (DSRC) • 4 AVs granted approval beacons • Position augmentation • V2I information dissemination

Surveillance Cameras

AV Performance Evaluation System • AV Monitoring and Evaluation • CCTV placed at strategic and critical locations • Manage V2I information • Real time streaming of video feeds dissemination • Video recording • Enable remote monitoring

Copyright © 2016 Land Transport Authority 10 Launch of Request for Proposal (RFP) for Autonomous Truck Platooning Launched in May 2016 and closed in August 2016 - explore AV technology for freight transport in Singapore - manually driven lead truck is followed by a convoy of driverless trucks - Currently in proposal evaluation stage

Launched on 1 August 2016

Vision: To be a leading AV Knowledge and Research Centre

Mission: • To establish national AV testing and certification standards through R&D efforts and to contribute to international developments

• To build AV R&D testing capabilities in Singapore CETRAN launched event

Copyright © 2016 Land Transport Authority 12 Launch of Centre of Excellence for Testing & Research of AVs-NTU (CETRAN) A 1.8-ha test circuit located at CleanTech Park will be developed to support all the AV dedicated testing and certification activities.

Artist impression

Copyright © 2016 Land Transport Authority 13 Launch of AV Mobility-on-Demand Trials at one-north On 1 August 2016, LTA signed separate partnership agreements 2 RFI participants - Delphi and nuTonomy to :

- Test on shared, door-to-door, first-and-last-mile, and intra-town self-driving transportation concepts in the one-north test-bed. - Develop and test autonomous mobility-on-demand (MOD) services for point-to- point mobility.

NAVYA trial at Nanyang Technological University (NTU) Auto-Rider at Gardens by the Bay

Upcoming AV Mobility-on-Demand trial on Sentosa island

4G and FM-RDS communication

DSRC 5.9 GHz (V2I communication)

V2I technology trial to alert right turning cars/buses of on-coming vehicles and pedestrians

Deployment of V2I technology to alert right turning vehicles of on-coming vehicles V2I Cooperative ITS Applications Providing Vehicle Priority at Traffic Intersections Public Buses • Reduce variability in bus movement • Enhance commuters’ travelling experience by reducing waiting time.

Emergency Vehicles • Facilitate emergency vehicles’ response time to scene and hospital • Save lives in life- threatening cases

• A taskforce comprising government agencies, Industry players and Academic Institutions was formed in 2014 to establish and adopt the 5.9GHz DSRC standards for ITS in Singapore. • Public consultation on the proposed regulatory framework and standards was launched in Dec 2015. • Target to publish the standards in end 2016

Source: https://techcrunch.com/2016/08/25/the-biggest-threat-facing-connected-autonomous-vehicles-is-cybersecurity/

Source: https://www.wired.com/2015/07/hackers-remotely-kill-jeep-highway/

Cyber threats are real. There is a need to better manage AV Cybersecurity now as AV prevail.

Source: http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-07- 19/cybersecurity-is-biggest-risk-of-autonomous-cars-survey-finds/

Copyright © 2016 Land Transport Authority 21 Our on-going efforts on Cybersecurity What has been done: • Scan international AV and V2X cybersecurity standards and guidelines, eg. SAE J3061 • Identify attack surface and establish cybersecurity requirements • Review AV participants’ threat analysis Source: https://www.uschamberfoundation.org/ Next Steps: • Establish AV cybersecurity life-cycle management framework • Develop AV cybersecurity guidelines, test-cases, incident response plan and repository of attack potentials • Conduct Cybersecurity testing on AVs

• AVs provide opportunities to support a sustainable transportation eco-system within Singapore • The convergence of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) and Connected Vehicles (CVs) is likely to influence and change the way V2X technologies are deployed. • Appropriate standards is key to catalyze and support the implementation of V2X technologies in future ITS applications