May 2016 an Introduction to Violent Crime on the Internet
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Cyber Violence Against Women and Girls
CYBER VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND GIRLS A WORLD-WIDE WAKE-UP CALL 2015 Photo credits:Shutterstock A REPORT BY THE UN BROADBAND COMMISSION FOR DIGITAL DEVELOPMENT WORKING GROUP ON BROADBAND AND GENDER CYBER VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND GIRLS: A WORLD-WIDE WAKE-UP CALL Acknowledgements This Report has been written collaboratively, drawing on insights and rich contributions from a range of Commissioners and Expert Members of the Working Group on Broadband and Gender. It has been researched and compiled by lead author Nidhi Tandon, assisted by Shannon Pritchard, with editorial inputs by teams from UN Women, UNDP and ITU. Design concepts were developed by Céline Desthomas of ITU. We wish to thank the following people for their contributions and kind review and comments (listed in alphabetical order of institution, followed by alphabetical order of surname): Dafne Sabanes Plou, Jac sm Kee and Chat Garcia Ramilo (APC); Dr Nancy Hafkin; Minerva Novero- Belec (UNDP); Corat Suniye Gulser (UNESCO); Jennifer Breslin and team (UN Women); Samia Melhem and team (World Bank). About the Commission The Broadband Commission for Digital Development was launched by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in response to UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon’s call to step up efforts to meet the Millennium Development Goals. Established in May 2010, the Commission unites top industry executives with government leaders, thought leaders and policy pioneers and international agencies and organizations concerned with development. The Broadband Commission embraces a range of different perspectives in a multi-stakeholder approach to promoting the roll-out of broadband, as well as providing a fresh approach to UN and business engagement. -
Identity Theft Literature Review
The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Identity Theft Literature Review Author(s): Graeme R. Newman, Megan M. McNally Document No.: 210459 Date Received: July 2005 Award Number: 2005-TO-008 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. IDENTITY THEFT LITERATURE REVIEW Prepared for presentation and discussion at the National Institute of Justice Focus Group Meeting to develop a research agenda to identify the most effective avenues of research that will impact on prevention, harm reduction and enforcement January 27-28, 2005 Graeme R. Newman School of Criminal Justice, University at Albany Megan M. McNally School of Criminal Justice, Rutgers University, Newark This project was supported by Contract #2005-TO-008 awarded by the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Points of view in this document are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. -
Cyberstalking to in Your Area and the People You Care About from Posts How to Stay Safe and Protect and Pictures
How can I prevent someone from stalking me online? • Be careful what personal information you share online including in email, on social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter and chat rooms. It is very easy to glean information about where you live, the places you love to go Cyberstalking to in your area and the people you care about from posts How to stay safe and protect and pictures. • Create a different email account for registering in social yourself online networking sites and other online spaces. It will help avoid spam and your personal email won´t be revealed if the online service doesn't have a good privacy practice. What is cyberstalking? • Do not feel obligated to fill out all fields when registering Cyberstalking includes (repeatedly) sending threats or online or provide identifying information such as birthdates false accusations via email or mobile phone, making and place in required fields. threatening or false posts on websites, stealing a person's • In your online user profile, use a photo that doesn't identity or data or spying and monitoring a person's identify you or your location, so you can't be recognised. computer and internet use. Sometimes the threats can escalate into physical spaces. • Consider using a name that is not your real name or a nickname as your email name, screen name or user ID. And There are just as many predators on the internet as there try not to use common dates such as your birthday as the are in real life. Anyone can be stalked online but the digits in your email name or password. -
Oregon Senate Passes Anti-Doxing Legislation
OREGON SENATE DEMOCRATS Salem, Oregon Oregon State Legislature PRESS RELEASE June 7, 2021 CONTACT: Amanda Kraus, 503-986-1074 [email protected] Oregon Senate Passes Anti-Doxing Legislation SALEM – The Oregon Senate passed House Bill 3047 today, a bill to provide a civil remedy to a person who has experienced “doxing.” Doxing is a general term used to describe a situation in which someone deliberately shares another individual’s private information on the internet with an intent to incite harassment. “Throughout the past year we’ve seen a renewed effort of individuals and communities making their voices heard to call out racist systems and improve police accountability,” said Senator James I. Manning Jr. (D-Eugene), who carried House Bill 3047. “We have also seen the astounding efforts of our local journalists on the ground – sometimes in precarious situations to provide thorough reporting on these events, even during a public health crisis.” “Unfortunately, we have also seen people exercising hate and harassment against those with different views. Publishing a person’s private information online implicitly encourages hate and harassment against those individuals. It’s happened to my colleagues in the Legislature, it’s happened to teachers exercising their right as independent individuals to peacefully assemble and it affects safety as well as a person’s ability to earn a living,” added Senator Manning. “Doxing is a tool used to hurt. House Bill 3047 will ensure those who choose to cause that hurt know they can be held accountable and will give tools to victims of this bullying tool to seek financial remedy.” The bill allows an individual to sue for damages when someone deliberately releases a person’s private information online, such as work address or personal email, with the intent to incite harassment if their information is released without consent, and sharing that information results or could result in stalking, harassment, or injury. -
Without Causation, Fraud and Subsequent Loss Are Not Adequate Grounds for Recovery Tom O'connor
Loyola Consumer Law Review Volume 9 | Issue 4 Article 4 1997 Without Causation, Fraud and Subsequent Loss are Not Adequate Grounds for Recovery Tom O'Connor Follow this and additional works at: http://lawecommons.luc.edu/lclr Part of the Consumer Protection Law Commons Recommended Citation Tom O'Connor Without Causation, Fraud and Subsequent Loss are Not Adequate Grounds for Recovery, 9 Loy. Consumer L. Rev. 309 (1997). Available at: http://lawecommons.luc.edu/lclr/vol9/iss4/4 This Recent Case is brought to you for free and open access by LAW eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Loyola Consumer Law Review by an authorized administrator of LAW eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RECENT CA SES Without Causation, Fraud and Subsequent Loss Are Not Adequate Grounds for Recovery by Tom O'Connor In Mark Law v. Medco Research September 1, 1992 should have a new drug was "on track." These Inc., 113 F.3d 781 (7th Cir. 1997), provided "storm warnings" to articles reported that: (1) Defen- Mark Law ("Plaintiffs") filed a class investors and satisfied the notice dants' supplier of pharmaceuticals, action suit for similarly situated requirement. These articles called Fujisawa, was suing the company investors in Medco Research Inc. Defendants an "overpriced hype which sold Fujisawa the production ("Defendants"), claiming Defen- job" whose stock was bought by facilities for Defendants' drug, and dants defrauded their investors. The "idiots." In reviewing this argu- (2) Fujisawa's production facility United States Court of Appeals for ment, the court noted that these had quality and regulatory problems the Seventh Circuit dismissed the articles were not given credence by in producing a number of its drugs. -
Sexual Harassment and Bullying Prevention Policy
Sexual Harassment and Bullying Prevention Policy Purpose: The Sacramento Gay Men’s Chorus (SGMC) is committed to providing an environment that is safe and welcoming, and free from all forms of conduct that can be considered discriminatory, intimidating, or disruptive to Chorus functions, including behavior defined as sexual harassment or bullying. General Policy: During SGMC functions, Chorus singing members, non-singing members, volunteers, employees, vendors, contractors, and Board members (all of which are included hereafter in the term “members”) shall maintain safe, enjoyable and welcoming spaces by showing respect in their actions and words. Outside of SGMC functions, members shall interact with each other in ways that will preserve a safe, enjoyable, and welcoming space at SGMC functions. When making public statements about SGMC, members shall express themselves in ways that represent the organization as a safe, enjoyable, and welcoming space. SGMC recognizes that the culture of LGBTQIA+ people includes awareness and acceptance of sexual expression, gender identity, and social and political activism that is different than traditional “heteronormative” culture. Thus, during interactions between SGMC members, or when engaging the public on behalf of SGMC, topics of conversation, humor, and expressions of camaraderie may include sexual and political overtones that reflect the culture, rather than being an attempt to harass or bully someone. SGMC expects that members will interact with each other, but only to the degree that all parties in an interaction are comfortable. During SGMC functions, members support each other musically, and participate in conversation, expressions of friendship, joking, physical touch, and other signs of camaraderie. Outside of SGMC functions, SGMC neither promotes nor limits interactions between members, but will intervene in the context of a chorus function if those interactions affect the environment of a SGMC function. -
Crimes Act 2016
REPUBLIC OF NAURU Crimes Act 2016 ______________________________ Act No. 18 of 2016 ______________________________ TABLE OF PROVISIONS PART 1 – PRELIMINARY ....................................................................................................... 1 1 Short title .................................................................................................... 1 2 Commencement ......................................................................................... 1 3 Application ................................................................................................. 1 4 Codification ................................................................................................ 1 5 Standard geographical jurisdiction ............................................................. 2 6 Extraterritorial jurisdiction—ship or aircraft outside Nauru ......................... 2 7 Extraterritorial jurisdiction—transnational crime ......................................... 4 PART 2 – INTERPRETATION ................................................................................................ 6 8 Definitions .................................................................................................. 6 9 Definition of consent ................................................................................ 13 PART 3 – PRINCIPLES OF CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY ................................................. 14 DIVISION 3.1 – PURPOSE AND APPLICATION ................................................................. 14 10 Purpose -
Because the Internet Full Album Download Because the Internet Full Album Download
because the internet full album download Because the internet full album download. Completing the CAPTCHA proves you are a human and gives you temporary access to the web property. What can I do to prevent this in the future? If you are on a personal connection, like at home, you can run an anti-virus scan on your device to make sure it is not infected with malware. If you are at an office or shared network, you can ask the network administrator to run a scan across the network looking for misconfigured or infected devices. Another way to prevent getting this page in the future is to use Privacy Pass. You may need to download version 2.0 now from the Chrome Web Store. Cloudflare Ray ID: 66c576f08837848c • Your IP : 188.246.226.140 • Performance & security by Cloudflare. Because the internet full album download. Completing the CAPTCHA proves you are a human and gives you temporary access to the web property. What can I do to prevent this in the future? If you are on a personal connection, like at home, you can run an anti-virus scan on your device to make sure it is not infected with malware. If you are at an office or shared network, you can ask the network administrator to run a scan across the network looking for misconfigured or infected devices. Another way to prevent getting this page in the future is to use Privacy Pass. You may need to download version 2.0 now from the Chrome Web Store. Cloudflare Ray ID: 66c576f1482fdac0 • Your IP : 188.246.226.140 • Performance & security by Cloudflare. -
Human Rights Implications of Crime Control in the Digital
International Journal of Cyber Criminology Vol 2 Issue 1 January 2008 Copyright © 2008 International Journal of Cyber Criminology (IJCC) ISSN: 0974 – 2891 January-June 2008, Vol 2 (1): 271–285 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike License, which permits unrestricted non- commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This license does not permit commercial exploitation or the creation of derivative works without specific permission. Jurisdictional and definitional concerns with computer-mediated interpersonal crimes: An Analysis on Cyber Stalking Lynne Roberts1 Curtin University of Technology, Australia Abstract Cyber-stalking is a crime that transcends national and jurisdictional boundaries. Victims and perpetrators of cyber-stalking may be geographically separated by physical borders (for example, residing in different countries) when the offences occur. This is problematic for investigating the crime, in determining the jurisdiction in which alleged offences have taken place and in which charges may be filed. Legal definitions of stalking (and cyber-stalking) and applicable sentences vary across jurisdictions, if indeed they exist, further muddying the water. This paper provides an overview of the current state of knowledge on cyber-stalking and ends with an examination of the difficulties in investigating and prosecuting cyber-stalkers. Keywords: Stalking; Cyber Stalking; Victims; Perpetrators; Introduction Cyber-crime is emerging as a major international criminological issue. Networked computers provide the media for new types (or variations on old types) of criminal activity to emerge. Cyber-stalking is one such crime enabled by the Internet. -
Staying Safe Online: Gender and Safety on the Internet
MEDITERRANEAN INSTITUTE OF GENDER STUDIES (MIGS) Staying Safe Online: Gender and Safety on the Internet Experiences of Young Women and Men in Cyprus Nicosia, Cyprus November 2014 Staying Safe Online: Gender and Safety on the Internet © 2014, Mediterranean Institute of Gender Studies, all rights reserved. 46 Makedonitissas Ave. P.O. Box 24005, Nicosia 1703 Cyprus Authors: Elena Rousou, Christina Kaili Edited by Susana Elisa Pavlou Published by the Mediterranean Institute of Gender Studies (M.I.G.S.) on December 2014 Coordinated by Gender Studies, o.p.s., Czech Republic Partner Organisations Feminoteka , Poland ProFem, Czech Republic Mediterranean Institute of Gender Studies (M.I.G.S.), Cyprus This publication has been produced with the financial support of the DAPHNE III Programme of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the Mediterranean Institute of Gender Studies (M.I.G.S.) and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Commission. 1 Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 4 1.1 SCOPE, GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ....................................................................................... 4 1.2 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................. 4 1.3 DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................................. 6 2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK -
Competing Theories of Blackmail: an Empirical Research Critique of Criminal Law Theory
Competing Theories of Blackmail: An Empirical Research Critique of Criminal Law Theory Paul H. Robinson,* Michael T. Cahill** & Daniel M. Bartels*** The crime of blackmail has risen to national media attention because of the David Letterman case, but this wonderfully curious offense has long been the favorite of clever criminal law theorists. It criminalizes the threat to do something that would not be criminal if one did it. There exists a rich liter- ature on the issue, with many prominent legal scholars offering their accounts. Each theorist has his own explanation as to why the blackmail offense exists. Most theories seek to justify the position that blackmail is a moral wrong and claim to offer an account that reflects widely shared moral intuitions. But the theories make widely varying assertions about what those shared intuitions are, while also lacking any evidence to support the assertions. This Article summarizes the results of an empirical study designed to test the competing theories of blackmail to see which best accords with pre- vailing sentiment. Using a variety of scenarios designed to isolate and test the various criteria different theorists have put forth as “the” key to blackmail, this study reveals which (if any) of the various theories of blackmail proposed to date truly reflects laypeople’s moral judgment. Blackmail is not only a common subject of scholarly theorizing but also a common object of criminal prohibition. Every American jurisdiction criminalizes blackmail, although there is considerable variation in its formulation. The Article reviews the American statutes and describes the three general approaches these provisions reflect. -
The Unnecessary Crime of Conspiracy
California Law Review VOL. 61 SEPTEMBER 1973 No. 5 The Unnecessary Crime of Conspiracy Phillip E. Johnson* The literature on the subject of criminal conspiracy reflects a sort of rough consensus. Conspiracy, it is generally said, is a necessary doctrine in some respects, but also one that is overbroad and invites abuse. Conspiracy has been thought to be necessary for one or both of two reasons. First, it is said that a separate offense of conspiracy is useful to supplement the generally restrictive law of attempts. Plot- ters who are arrested before they can carry out their dangerous schemes may be convicted of conspiracy even though they did not go far enough towards completion of their criminal plan to be guilty of attempt.' Second, conspiracy is said to be a vital legal weapon in the prosecu- tion of "organized crime," however defined.' As Mr. Justice Jackson put it, "the basic conspiracy principle has some place in modem crimi- nal law, because to unite, back of a criniinal purpose, the strength, op- Professor of Law, University of California, Berkeley. A.B., Harvard Uni- versity, 1961; J.D., University of Chicago, 1965. 1. The most cogent statement of this point is in Note, 14 U. OF TORONTO FACULTY OF LAW REv. 56, 61-62 (1956): "Since we are fettered by an unrealistic law of criminal attempts, overbalanced in favour of external acts, awaiting the lit match or the cocked and aimed pistol, the law of criminal conspiracy has been em- ployed to fill the gap." See also MODEL PENAL CODE § 5.03, Comment at 96-97 (Tent.