Chapter- I Research Design: Introduction

Chapter- I Research Design: Introduction Chapter -1 Research design: Introduction Chapter Title of the Chapter No Part-I 1.1 Review of literature 1.2 Review of legislation 1.3 Chapter Scheme 1.4 References Part-II 11.1 Research Methodology 11.2 Primary Data 11.3 Secondary Data 11.4 Importance of study 11.5 Scope and aim of the study 11.6 Limitations of the study 11.7 Reference period of primary data collection 11.8 Objectives of the study 11.9 Hypothesis of the study Chapter I - Research Design Introduction : Administration is the force which lays down the object for which an organization and its management strive and the broad policies under which they are to operate. The term Administration is used mostly in Government or Public Sector. Administration is the function in industry concern in the determination of policy, co-ordination of finance, production and distribution, the settlement of the compass of the organization and the ultimate control of the two executives. The Science of Business Administration has gradually evolved with the Growth of trade, commerce and industry. Prior to industrial revolution, (which took place some time in the middle of the IS**^ Century.) the scope of Business Administration was limited due to self sufficient economy. But after the Industrial Revolution, the concept of business was totally changed and factory system is developed very drastically. At beginning of the 20*^ Century, the Business Administration evolved and stood in more clearly defined position than ever before. Today in the 21^^ Century Business Administration is emerging as the directing force of Industries, Institutes and Sansthas. In the era of Globalization it becomes a very key factor for the success or failure of any business. Administration is beneficial to each and every aspect of business activities. There are various special branches of administration i.e. financial administration etc. The great Indian philosopher of ancient India, Kautilya, wrote ''All undertakings depend upon finance. Hence keen attention shall be paid to the treasury. Finance is the core of administration and unsound financial administration may blast the prospect of running business Institute or charitable trust. Financial administration becomes an inseparable part from every walk of life The administration of a business consists of the performance or management of business operations and thus the making or implementing of a major decision. Administration can be defined as the universal process of organizing people and resources efficiently so as to direct activities toward common goals and objective. Financial Administration: In the developed countries where the market is vagaries in nature, for it has led to an enlarged scope of financial administration, which is for deficit budget, massive public debt and deficit financing. In the developing countries where the government has assumed the role of facilitator of development, the financial management has played vital role for determining the fiscal policies and also for the administration of the set up of multiple objectives such as stability, development, self reliance, reduction in interpersonal inequalities in income and wealth and balanced regional development. These countries also utilize the same instrument of action. Even though political ideologies, or economic doctrines are in crucial position in management of the affairs of the state. There are certain fundamental objectives of financial administration which are as follows. Management of the finances of individual household. Implementation of projects and programs. Provision for public goods and social services. Growth, employment and price stability Capital formation Achievement of equity and equality. 1. Management of the finances of individual household : As in an individual household, the public authorities are concerned with the satisfaction of human wants and their major problem is to ensure the best application of limited means to secure given ends. In the context, a financial manager focuses his or her attention on mobilization of resources and their rational deployment in conformity of the rising expectations of the people. 2. Implementation of Projects and Programs : The financial administration related to ensuring optimal public investment decisions through project formulation, appraisal and implementation. The emphasis has shifted from expenditure control to implementation of projects within the stipulated time schedule and expenditure ceiling. 3. Provision of public good and social service: Provision of public goods like public parks, social services like public health, sanitation cannot be left to the private sector which is motivated by profit rather than service to the people. Hence budgetary support for such services becomes a legitimate concern for fiscal policy makers. 4. Growth, Employment and Price Stability: Now-a-days the present Government is expected to focus attention on socially desired rate of economic growth, i.e. high employment and a reasonable degree of price level stability. Achievement of these objectives cannot come about automatically. There is need for policy initiatives on the part of public authorities. 5. Capital fornnation: Economic development of a nation, to a great extent, depends upon the capital formation through increased savings. No amount of State's coercive power can achieve this objective. Appropriate financial and fiscal measures such as discriminatory taxation and monetary policy in instruments may be employed to accomplish the objectives. 6. Achievement of equity and equality : The distribution of income and wealth depends upon the distribution of factors through the market mechanism. It also depends upon the transmission of property rights through inheritance as well as personal earning ability. Equity however has to be achieved through an evolutionary process without giving scope for class conflicts and large scale violence. There should be a progressive reduction in the concentration of economic power. At the same time equal opportunities for every one in every sphere will have to insure non - occurrence of fresh inequalities. To some of, the objective of financial administration can broadly categorized as stability, equity and growth and the effect of these objectives is very important to bring about socio - economic transformation in a desirable direction. Part-I - 1.1 Review of Literature 1. Smt. Ramadevi (1982) a Researcher (Department of Public Administration, S. V. University, Andhra Pradesh) submitted her Research Thesis on Tirupati Tirumala Tirupati Devasthan (T.T.D.) The objective of study included critical examination of the structure of T.T.D. Administration, organizational set up, administrative procedure and other related aspects. The main source of information was documentary analysis. The study found that the income of the temple had almost incredibly rose from Rs.10.99 cores to Rs 18.50 cores during the period 1970 to 1980. The total receipt of the T.T.D. was Rs 18.58 crore during 1979 to 1987 where the expenditure for the above mentioned period was Rs 13.58 crore. The activities of the T.T.D. were not basically commercial in nature but were religious in character. The study suggested few effective steps for security and safety of the pilgrims from the unsocial element. 2. Mr.Sathi A.B.(1994) another Researcher (Department of Commerce S. V. University, Andhra Pradesh) submitted his study report on Income and Expenditure of Tirumala Tirupati Devasthan (T.T.D.) for the periods from 1984-85 to 1994-95. The objective of study was to analyze the composition and behavior of the income and expenditure of (T.T.D.), and to suggest the improvement in the working of T.T.D. This analysis was related to revenue receipts only. The study gave the brief notes on the T.T.D. administration, its accounts procedure and budgetary pattern. The study suggested a suitable revision of charges for" Arjitha Sevas." It suggested that there should be a proper evaluation of work load requirement of regular and temporary employees, the period of employment in order to reduce the salary bill and increase total surplus. 3. Mr. Subhash Jagannath Deshmukh -(2006) (Yashvantrao Chavan Open University, Nasik) has highlighted; Infrastructural developments Contributed by the Registered Religious Public Trust in Pathardi Taluka for the period from the year 2001 to 2006. He has also focused on the role of Religious Trust in development of infrastructure particularly Road & Water Supply. He has concluded in his research paper that the trusts should Increase their income, more attention be provided towards Infrastructural Investment, priority be fixed towards investment projects, basic facilities be provided to the devotees. He has recommended that, proper co-ordination is essential. Rural entrepreneurs should be engaged for the development. Involvement of local citizens, traders, businessmen, devotees are essential. He also suggested that out of the total income, at least minimum 50% of amount should spend for infrastructural development. 4. Mr.Vikas Godhaji Antre (2008): He has focused on Economical development of Tourist centre in Ahmednagar District in his research paper for the period 2004 to 2008. He has studied mostly four prominent religious trusts of Ahmednagar District namely, Shani Shinganapur, Sonai MohataDevastan, Pathardi, Shri.Sai Baba Sansthan, Shirdi KanifnathDevisthan, Madhi. The study also focused on the contribution of religious trust in social development of area. He has quoted his

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