DOCSLIB.ORG

Vol38 No3 Fall 2010

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Vol38 No3 Fall 2010 Volume 38, No. 3 Quarterly of the Alaska Historical Society Autumn 2010 Alaska Historical Society 2010 Annual Meeting in Fairbanks, September 15-18 Energizing Alaska Trans-Alaska pipeline leading to Pump Station number 3, North Slope, Alaska. circa 1975. Photograph by Steve McCutcheon. AMRC-b90-14-3-226. mong the many landmarks visited by tourists to Fairbanks or abundant, and in its many forms and uses, has played a every year is the Gold Dredge No. 8 on the outskirts of significant role in shaping our history. town. Once owned by the Fairbanks Exploration Company and operated from 1928 to 1959, the dredge features 68 Some three dozen presenters will expand on this theme in Ahuge buckets, each weighing over 1,500 pounds, which sessions on such diverse topics as mining, war, music, hospitals, chewed through countless tons of gravel contributing to the company’s Native land claims, fishing, and pioneer women. The meeting’s production of 7.5 million ounces of gold. The behemoth now sits in keynote speaker, arctic historian and archaeologist John a gravel pit the machine dug itself. Though its gears are rusty and the Bockstoce, has authored many books on the far north, including buckets have not moved an inch for many decades, the dredge still Whales, Ice and Men: The History of Whaling in the Western inspires awe and makes one wonder about the incalculable amount of Arctic and his latest, Furs and Frontiers in the Far North: The energy it once consumed in its quest for gold. Contest Among Native and Foreign Nations for the Bering Strait Fur Trade. This prize-winning book is a comprehensive Across the Steese Highway from Gold Dredge No. 8 is the Trans- history of the native and maritime fur trade in Alaska during the Alaska Pipeline visitor center, another monument of sorts to eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. humankind’s quest for precious natural resources. The 800-mile pipeline is now its thirty-third year of operation and has delivered In addition to the presentations related to the conference theme, over fifteen billion barrels of crude oil from the North Slope to the meeting features workshops on genealogy and oral history, Valdez. Much like the gold dredge, the sheer size of the pipeline and tours of the university, permafrost tunnel, and downtown bears witness to the effort, both human and mechanical, behind its Fairbanks. A full schedule of sessions and events is available at: construction and operation. www.alaskahistoricalsociety.org. The juxtaposition between the gold dredge on one side of Ross Coen, 2010 AHS Program Chair the highway and the pipeline on the other seems particularly relevant to the theme of this year’s Alaska Historical Society The conference planning committee extends a warm welcome to conference: Energizing Alaska. Both machines have not only everyone interested in Alaska history and we are looking forward shaped the landscape itself, but have had an impact on the people to seeing you in Fairbanks! and institutions of Alaska as a whole. Energy, whether scarce In the late 1960s, Humble Oil decided to rebrand their gas stations nationwide. “Enco” was considered but rejected when it was found the word was similar in pronunciation to the Japanese term for "stalled car." In 1972, “Exxon” was unveiled as the new, unified brand name for all former Humble Oil (Esso) outlets, and so it remains to this day. Exxon sign in Framingham, MA. Photograph by Brian Katt. Energizing Alaska: September 15-18, 2010 Alaska Historical Society Sessions Wedgewood Hotel and Conference Center, Fairbanks THUrsdaY, September 16 You are your organization’s own best advocate, or If you don’t advocate for your organization who will? • Mike Walsh Do you ever talk about the cool stuff that is going on within your organization? If so, you are already advocating for it. In this session you’ll learn how to make the most of your important advocacy work and move it to the next level with a solid, comprehensive Strategic Advocacy Plan. Up Close with John Bockstoce • John Bockstoce Following the AHS keynote address by John Bockstoce, this extended Q&A session provides conference attendees an opportunity to continue the conversation. Historical Perspectives on Oil • Shana Loshbaugh, “How Oil Transformed the Kenai” The discovery of oil at Swanson River in the summer of 1957 was one of those rare events instantly and widely recognized as a turning point in Alaska history. This presentation describes the transformation of the Kenai Peninsula communities of Sterling, Soldotna, Kenai, and Nikiski between the 1957 discovery and 1974, when Cook Inlet oil production slackened and North Slope oil reserves began dominating the state economy. • Rogan C. Faith, “Hope Gushes Eternal: The Story of Kanatak, a 1920s Oil Boom Town with Everything...Except Oil” Oil seepages in the storm-tossed region of Kanatak had long been used by the native Alutiiq people. Early Russian explorers noted them as did oil companies and geologists sent by the U.S. government to assess the area’s mineral potential. By the 1920s there was enough confidence that “boomers” touted Kanatak as a sure fire investment. Threatened by storms and nearby volcanoes, the town survived on dreams but it couldn’t survive the lack of oil. • Ross Coen, “Before Prudhoe: Exxon’s Early (Disappointing) Years in Alaska” The history of Humble Oil (now Exxon) in Alaska prior to the Prudhoe Bay discovery of 1968 is marked by frustration and failure. The company’s first exploration well on the Alaska Peninsula in 1957 cost $7 million and was the most expensive dry hole in company history. This paper describes how this and other failures nearly caused the company to abandon Alaska altogether, a move that surely would have altered Alaska history in innumerable ways had it come to pass. Women Who Energized Alaskans to Make Alaska a Better Place for Women, Children and Families to Live • Janine Dorsey, “Episcopal Women Missionaries of Fairbanks and the Tanana Valley, 1904-1915” Between 1894 and 1954, two hundred women came to Interior Alaska as missionaries of the Episcopal Church. They poured their energy into providing medical care, schooling, and religious services—primarily in Alaska Native villages. Episcopal women missionaries played a critical role in Fairbanks and the Tanana Valley during the particularly dynamic period from 1904 to 1915. • Phyllis Demuth Movius, “Women’s Role in Creating A Place of Belonging, 1903-1923” Women energized life in Interior Alaska from its inception. Ellen Gibson built a luxury hotel, Aline Bradley arrived as a physician and later became a lawyer, and Jessie Bloom started a private kindergarten and brought Girl Scouts to the Interior. These women and others were instrumental in creating an environment that attracted and held families, which allowed Fairbanks to grow and develop into a major center for commerce and social services. • Beverly Beeton, “Votes for Women and Prohibition of Liquor in Early Alaska” In early twentieth century Alaska, women petitioned the legislature to grant voting rights to women and persuaded voters to prohibit liquor in the territory. Cornelia Templeton Jewett Hatcher and Lena Morrow Lewis were two who organized and educated women to the political process. Resources of Southeast Alaska • Daniel Monteith, “Energy Efficient Tlingit Fishing Practices” Historical Tlingit fishing practices optimized efficiency and energy, but allowed for large scale harvest of salmon. The technology developed allowed for large numbers of anadromous fish to be caught. Tlingit fish weirs and stone traps required a great deal of labor and knowledge about streams and tides. Notions of property ownership and local ecological knowledge enabled the Tlingit people to harvest salmon without depleting the resources. • Yoko Kugo, “Fuel for Traditional Ecological Knowledge: The Use of Spruce and Cedar Trees in Southeast Alaska” Spruce root and cedar bark weaving has been practiced in the Tlingit and Haida culture for six thousand years. Spruce trees, roots, and cedar bark were harvested for cooking, heating, clothing, housing, and used to make baskets, food containers, and fishing tools. This paper discusses how these materials were used and how changes in utensils, appliances, and energy needs changed after Euro-American contact, and provides baseline information about resilient practices and vulnerable resources in a rapidly changing world. 2 Alaska History News • Anjuli Grantham, “’The Most Unfair Contrivances’: Fish Traps and Alaskan Statehood” From the beginning of industrialized salmon fishing in Alaska, the fishery was a highly contested resource replete with race, class, and social divisions. The fish trap represented nearly all of the ills of Alaska’s territorial status: absentee ownership, federal government neglect, and diminishing salmon runs. The battle against the fish trap became a rallying call for Alaskan statehood and the creation of an ethically managed fishery. Russia, Russian America, and 19th century Alaska • Odin Miller, “Are the Wanderers Lost?: Sedentarization and Cultural Change among Reindeer Herding Peoples of the Sakha Republic” Sedentarization has caused unprecedented changes in the lives of indigenous Even, Evenki, and Dolgan reindeer herders in the Sakha Republic during the past century. In the 1930s, the Soviet state collectivized reindeer herds, formed kolkhozy (collective farms) and sovkhozy (state farms), established permanent villages, and pressured indigenous nomads to settle in them. Traditional subsistence hunting, fishing, and trapping have resurged in the post-Soviet era, but it is unclear whether nomadic reindeer herding is compatible with the cultures of modern Eveny, Evenki, and Dolgany. • David Wiswar, “Commercial Bowhead Whaling in the Eastern Beaufort Sea, 1889-1911” The discovery and exploitation of the bowhead whale Balaena mysticetus in their summer feeding areas in the eastern Beaufort Sea marked the beginning of the end for unrestricted commercial whaling. The time interval between discovery and cessation of exploitation lasted from 1889 to the early 1900s.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • First Nations Perspectives on Sea Otter Conservation in British Columbia and Alaska: Insights Into Coupled Human Àocean Systems
    Chapter 11 First Nations Perspectives on Sea Otter Conservation in British Columbia and Alaska: Insights into Coupled Human ÀOcean Systems Anne K. Salomon 1, Kii’iljuus Barb J. Wilson 2, Xanius Elroy White 3, Nick Tanape Sr. 4 and Tom Mexsis Happynook 5 1School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada, 2Skidegate, Haida Gwaii, BC, Canada, 3Bella Bella, BC, Canada, 4Nanwalek, AK, USA, 5Uu-a-thluk Council of Ha’wiih, Huu-ay-aht, BC, Canada Sea Otter Conservation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801402-8.00011-1 © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 301 302 Sea Otter Conservation INTRODUCTION: REGIME SHIFTS AND TRANSFORMATIONS ALONG NORTH AMERICA’S NORTHWEST COAST One of our legends explains that the sea otter was originally a man. While col- lecting chitons he was trapped by an incoming tide. To save himself, he wished to become an otter. His transformation created all otters. Alutiiq Museum and Archaeological Repository (2005) Human interactions with sea otters and kelp forest ecosystems have spanned millennia ( Figure 11.1 ; Rick et al., 2011 ). In fact, archeological evidence suggests that the highly productive kelp forests of the Pacific Rim may have sustained the original coastal ocean migration route of maritime people to the Americas near the end of the Pleistocene ( Erlandson et al., 2007 ). Similarly, many coastal First Nations stories speak of ancestors who came from the sea (Boas, 1932; Brown and Brown, 2009; Guujaaw, 2005; Swanton, 1909). Yet this vast and aqueous “kelp highway,” providing food, tools, trade goods, and safe anchorage for sophisticated watercraft, would have been highly susceptible to overgrazing by sea urchins had it not been FIGURE 11.1 Sea otter pictographs from Kachemak Bay, Alaska.
    [Show full text]
  • Island of the Blue Dolphins the Golden Round
    Island of the Blue Dolphins The Golden Round Grade Level Middle School: Sixth Grade through Eighth Grade High School: Ninth Grade through Twelfth Grade Subject Social Studies Common Core Standards 6–8.RH.1, 6–8.RH.2, 6–8.RH.4, 6–8.RH.7, 6–8.RH.9; 9–10.RH.1, 9–10.RH.2, 9– 10.RH.4, 9–10.RH.7, 9–10.RH.9; 11–12.RH.1, 11–12.RH.2, 11–12.RH.4, 11–12.RH.7, 11–12.RH.9 Background Information The goal of this lesson is to help students learn about the lasting human, environmental, and financial impact of the nineteenth-century Pacific trade, which involved the exchange of goods and the spread of disease between and among the people of the Northwest Coast, California, Hawaii, Canton (Guangzhou), and numerous Pacific islands and urban centers (e.g., Boston, Philadelphia, New York) on the east coast of the United States. Students will trace nineteenth-century maritime trade routes, gaining familiarity with Pacific geography and understanding of how the sea otter trade that is featured in Island of the Blue Dolphins figured as part of a much larger network of exchange. Most students of American history have learned about the Triangle Trade, the name given to the movement of ships, raw materials, processed goods, and people (enslaved Africans) between Africa, the Caribbean, and New England (one triangle) and between Western Europe, the Americas, and Africa (a second triangle) before the importation of enslaved people was outlawed in the early nineteenth century.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    SOCIAL POWER AND CULTURAL CHANGE IN PRE-COLONIAL BRITISH COLUMBIA1 COLE HARRIS rom the first White contacts along the Coast in the 1770s to the establishment of British colonies in the mid-nineteenth Fcentury, outside involvement in the territory that is now the province of British Columbia turned primarily on imperial geopolitical claims and the spatial momentum of commercial capital. Exogenous diseases accompanied — in some cases slightly preceded — these explicit interests. All such introductions reached into space that, along parts of the Coast and the major salmon rivers, probably supported as dense non-agricultural populations as anywhere in the world. The numerous peoples of the northern Cordillera responded to these introductions in ways that have been subject to renewed scrutiny in recent years, part of a worldwide interest in contact processes and in the strategies and tactics of colonialism and resistance. It seems useful, therefore, to review current under­ standings of the major new vectors of power in the northern Cordillera during these years and, in this light, to consider what generalizations can now be offered about social power and cultural change during the better part of a century between the first appearance of Europeans and the creation of colonies. The crew of brilliant anthropologists and ethnographers who first studied the Native cultures of the Northwest Coast in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries rarely raised questions about cultural change and social power during the early contact years. Franz Boas and others of his and the next generation gathered ethnographic information from elderly informants and sought to record traditional 1 I thank Daniel Clayton, Robert Galois, Richard Mackie, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on a draft of this essay.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fur Trade and Early Capitalist Development in British Columbia
    THE FUR TRADE AND EARLY CAPITALIST DEVELOPMENT IN BRITISH COLUMBIA RENNIE WARBURTON, Department of Sociology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, V8W 2Y2. and STEPHEN SCOTT, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1S 5B6. ABSTRACT/RESUME Although characterized by unequal exchange, the impact of the fur trade on the aboriginal societies of what became British Columbia involved minimal dis- ruption because the indigenous modes of production were easily articulated with mercantile capitalism. It was the problems arising from competition and increasing costs of transportation that led the Hudson's Bay Company to begin commodity production in agriculture, fishing and lumbering, thereby initiating capitalist wage-labour relations and paving the way for the subsequent disast- rous decline in the well-being of Native peoples in the province. Bien que characterisé par un échange inégale, l'impact du commerce de fourrure sur les societiés aborigonaux sur ce qui est devenu la Colombie Britanique ne dérangèrent pas les societés, car les modes indigènes de production était facile- ment articulés avec un capitalisme mercantile. Ce sont les problèmes qui venaient de la competition et les frais de transportation qui augmentaient qui mena la Companie de la Baie d'Hudson à commencer la production de commodités dans les domaines de l'agriculture, la pêche et l'exploitement du bois. Par ce moyen elle initia des rapports de salaire-travail capitalist et prépara les voies pour aboutir å une reduction catastrophique du bien-être des natifs dans cette province. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF NATIVE STUDIES V, 1(1985):27-46 28 R E N N I E W A R B U R T O N / S T E P H E N S C O T T INTRODUCTION In the diverse cultures in British Columbia prior to and after contact with the Europeans, economic activity included subsistence hunting, fishing and gathering as well as domestic handicrafts.
    [Show full text]
  • Fox Spring Public Comments
    Fox spring public comments Below are the comments received through the close of the public comment period at 4:30 p.m. July 15, 2015. Names, addresses, and contact information has been omitted. Comments received at the July 6, 2015, public meeting Online open house comments from https://adotpf.mysidewalk.com/ The only comment I have is that many of us depend on this spring for water. Filling our drinking water jugs in Fairbanks is costly over time. Whoever you transfer to, we need that water source. It's not a spring anymore, so it's not a natural source. I haul water and pay for my own and I don't feel it's the government's responsibility to furnish it to me, just like they don't pay my fuel or electric bills. The state should sell this or completely close it and spend the money on more essential services. The DOT needs to sell it. The responsibility of the DOT is to maintain roads, not provide water to individuals. With State budgets shrinking, I'd rather see the 50K used to keep the roads open and safe than subsidizing water for people. Privatizing the Fox Spring will not result in individuals being unable to afford drinking water. I personally haul water from the Water Wagon and it is very affordable, two cents a gallon. I imagine that whoever purchases the Spring from the DOT would charge a similar amount. The Fox Spring water is the best tasting drinking water in town. I would definitely be willing to pay for the water.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fur Trade Era, 1770S–1849
    Great Bear Rainforest The Fur Trade Era, 1770s–1849 The Fur Trade Era, 1770s–1849 The lives of First Nations people were irrevocably changed from the time the first European visitors came to their shores. The arrival of Captain Cook heralded the era of the fur trade and the first wave of newcomers into the future British Columbia who came from two directions in search of lucrative pelts. First came the sailors by ship across the Pacific Ocean in pursuit of sea otter, then soon after came the fort builders who crossed the continent from the east by canoe. These traders initiated an intense period of interaction between First Nations and European newcomers, lasting from the 1780s to the formation of the colony of Vancouver Island in 1849, when the business of trade was the main concern of both parties. During this era, the newcomers depended on First Nations communities not only for furs, but also for services such as guiding, carrying mail, and most importantly, supplying much of the food they required for daily survival. First Nations communities incorporated the newcomers into the fabric of their lives, utilizing the new trade goods in ways which enhanced their societies, such as using iron to replace stone axes and guns to augment the bow and arrow. These enhancements, however, came at a terrible cost, for while the fur traders brought iron and guns, they also brought unknown diseases which resulted in massive depopulation of First Nations communities. European Expansion The northwest region of North America was one of the last areas of the globe to feel the advance of European colonialism.
    [Show full text]
  • Alaska Natives and the Power of Perseverance: the Fight for Sovereignty and Land Claims in Southeast Alaska, 1912-1947
    UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones 8-1-2015 Alaska Natives And The Power Of Perseverance: The Fight For Sovereignty And Land Claims In Southeast Alaska, 1912-1947 Bridget Lee Baumgarte University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations Part of the Indigenous Studies Commons, and the United States History Commons Repository Citation Baumgarte, Bridget Lee, "Alaska Natives And The Power Of Perseverance: The Fight For Sovereignty And Land Claims In Southeast Alaska, 1912-1947" (2015). UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones. 2466. http://dx.doi.org/10.34917/7777294 This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ALASKA NATIVES AND THE POWER OF PERSEVERANCE: THE FIGHT FOR SOVEREIGNTY AND LAND CLAIMS IN SOUTHEAST ALASKA, 1912-1947 By Bridget L. Baumgarte Bachelor
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Influences and Intergovernmental Relations: Constraints, Conflicts, and Benefits
    Federal Influences and Intergovernmental Relations: Constraints, Conflicts, and Benefits Item Type Book chapter Authors Thomas, Clive S.; Boyer, Michael L. Citation Thomas, Clive S. and Boyer, Michael L. “Federal Influences and Intergovernmental Relations: Constraints, Conflicts, and Benefits,” in Alaska Politics and Public Policy, edited by Clive Thomas et al. (Fairbanks, University of Alaska Press, 2016): 313-345. Publisher University of Alaska Press Download date 02/10/2021 05:04:43 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/8362 University of Alaska Southeast From the ScholarWorks@UA collection of Michael Boyer May 1, 2018 Federal Influences and Intergovernmental Relations: Constraints, Conflicts, and Benefits Clive S. Thomas and Michael L. Boyer Originally published: Thomas, Clive S. and Boyer, Michael L. “Federal Influences and Intergovernmental Relations: Constraints, Conflicts, and Benefits,” in Alaska Politics and Public Policy, edited by Clive Thomas et al. (Fairbanks, University of Alaska Press, 2016): 313-345. Available at: https://scholarworks.alaska.edu/handle/11122/8360 CHAPTER 10 Federal Influences and Intergovernmental Relations: Constraints, Conflicts, and Benefits Clive S. Thomas and Michael L. Boyer Much of what Alaska’s state government does, and much of what it is unable to do, are influenced by other governments, particularly the federal government. Local governments across the state, as well as Alaska Native governments, also play a role. Consequently, the character of Alaska politics, the political issues that arise, and the day-to-day operations of state government are, in significant ways, a product of these ongoing relations with other governments. Issues such as the opening of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) for oil and gas development, subsistence hunting and fishing rights, commer- cial and sports fishing, the funding and delivery of K–12 education, aspects of health and welfare, economic development, and transportation policies, among many others, involve some form of intergovernmental relations (IGR).
    [Show full text]
  • OFFICIAL ELECTION PAMPHLET State of Alaska
    OFFICIAL ELECTION PAMPHLET State of Alaska The Division of Elections celebrates the history of strong women of Alaska and women’s suffrage! Region II — Municipality of PAGEAnchorage, 1 Matanuska-Susitna Borough 2020 REGION II VOTE November 3, 2020 Table of Contents General Election Day is Tuesday, November 3, 2020 Alaska’s Ballot Counting System .......................................................................................... 5 Voting Information................................................................................................................. 6 Voter Assistance and Concerns............................................................................................ 7 Language Assistance ........................................................................................................... 8 Absentee Voting ................................................................................................................... 9 Absentee Ballot Application ................................................................................................ 10 Absentee Ballot Application Instructions..............................................................................11 Absentee Voting Locations ................................................................................................. 12 Polling Places ..................................................................................................................... 13 Candidates for Elected Office ............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • VIOLENCE, CAPTIVITY, and COLONIALISM on the NORTHWEST COAST, 1774-1846 by IAN S. URREA a THESIS Pres
    “OUR PEOPLE SCATTERED:” VIOLENCE, CAPTIVITY, AND COLONIALISM ON THE NORTHWEST COAST, 1774-1846 by IAN S. URREA A THESIS Presented to the University of Oregon History Department and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts September 2019 THESIS APPROVAL PAGE Student: Ian S. Urrea Title: “Our People Scattered:” Violence, Captivity, and Colonialism on the Northwest Coast, 1774-1846 This thesis has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts degree in the History Department by: Jeffrey Ostler Chairperson Ryan Jones Member Brett Rushforth Member and Janet Woodruff-Borden Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded September 2019 ii © 2019 Ian S. Urrea iii THESIS ABSTRACT Ian S. Urrea Master of Arts University of Oregon History Department September 2019 Title: “Our People Scattered:” Violence, Captivity, and Colonialism on the Northwest Coast, 1774-1846” This thesis interrogates the practice, economy, and sociopolitics of slavery and captivity among Indigenous peoples and Euro-American colonizers on the Northwest Coast of North America from 1774-1846. Through the use of secondary and primary source materials, including the private journals of fur traders, oral histories, and anthropological analyses, this project has found that with the advent of the maritime fur trade and its subsequent evolution into a land-based fur trading economy, prolonged interactions between Euro-American agents and Indigenous peoples fundamentally altered the economy and practice of Native slavery on the Northwest Coast.
    [Show full text]
  • Boston Men'on the Northwest Coast: the American Maritime Fur Trade, 1788-1844 Mary Malloy Kingston, Ontario, and Fairbanks, Alaska: Limestone, 1998
    94 BC STUDIES He asserts that "the Xwelitem arrived Overall, I commend Carlson for his in Stô:lô territory and started taking presentation, especially his chronicle possession of Stô:lô and and resources" of smallpox and his presentation of (54). Such an assertion could have im­ Cheam's history. He has compiled his plications for land claims. The work meticulously and thoroughly, Xwelitem in fact started excluding each although he still measures Sto:lô his­ other, but there is no documentation tory as a response to colonialism, thus in Sto:lô(or any other) records of Stô:lô echoing European values. He cites Stô:lô land and resources being ceded. The history as though it were relevant only Stô:lôpeople, from historical times to to the past and speaks of Stô:lôpeople the present, resist the appropriation of as though they were objects of the past. their land and resources, to which they Perhaps, with the continued parti­ still assert title, as is evident in Carlsons cipation of the Stô:lô Nation, he will own documentation (as well as in the be able to assist in defining the Stô:lô recent news). The centrepiece photo­ people as a living part of - as parti­ graph (75-6) provides a graphic example cipating subjects in - Canada's future of recognition of title and rights from history and to view Canada as part of the Indigenous perspective. Stôilô history. Boston Men'on the Northwest Coast: The American Maritime Fur Trade, 1788-1844 Mary Malloy Kingston, Ontario, and Fairbanks, Alaska: Limestone, 1998. 232 pp.
    [Show full text]
  • Geopolitics and Environment in the Sea Otter Trade
    UC Merced UC Merced Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Soft gold and the Pacific frontier: geopolitics and environment in the sea otter trade Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/03g4f31t Author Ravalli, Richard John Publication Date 2009 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California 1 Introduction Covering over one-third of the earth‘s surface, the Pacific Basin is one of the richest natural settings known to man. As the globe‘s largest and deepest body of water, it stretches roughly ten thousand miles north to south from the Bering Straight to the Antarctic Circle. Much of its continental rim from Asia to the Americas is marked by coastal mountains and active volcanoes. The Pacific Basin is home to over twenty-five thousand islands, various oceanic temperatures, and a rich assortment of plants and animals. Its human environment over time has produced an influential civilizations stretching from Southeast Asia to the Pre-Columbian Americas.1 An international agreement currently divides the Pacific at the Diomede Islands in the Bering Strait between Russia to the west and the United States to the east. This territorial demarcation symbolizes a broad array of contests and resolutions that have marked the region‘s modern history. Scholars of Pacific history often emphasize the lure of natural bounty for many of the first non-natives who ventured to Pacific waters. In particular, hunting and trading for fur bearing mammals receives a significant amount of attention, perhaps no species receiving more than the sea otter—originally distributed along the coast from northern Japan, the Kuril Islands and the Kamchatka peninsula, east toward the Aleutian Islands and the Alaskan coastline, and south to Baja California.
    [Show full text]