THte AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL

Harris & Ewing SAM D. M(REYNOLDS Chairman, Foreign Affairs Committee, Flense of Representatives

Vol. X SEPTEMBER, 1S33 No. 9 CONTENTS PAGE

PRESENTATION OF MEMORIAL ALBUM TO MR. CARR 321

ARRANGEMENT TO REDUCE LOSS BY EXCHANGE 323

RANDOM REMINISCENCES—By Arthur Carrels 324

KALEIDOSCOPIC IMPRESSIONS OF ZAGREB—By Sadie von Tresckow 326

ACES IN THE NEW DEAL—By Henry L. Deimel, Jr 328

REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE

ASSOCIATION 330

MR. HENGSTLER’S THIRTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 333

BY THE WAY 334

ASSOCIATION EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 334

TEN YEARS AGO. 334

WASHINGTON ITEMS 335

NEWS ITEMS FROM THE FIELD 338

RETIREMENT OF ROBERT WOODS BLISS 341

WILLIAM PETER, SIXTY YEARS OF SERVICE 343

FOREIGN SERVICE CHANGES 344

BIRTHS 345

MARRIAGES 346

IN MEMORIAM 346

PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE CHANGES 346

TOWNSEND HARRIS INSCRIPTION 346

OLIVER BISHOP HARRIMAN FOREIGN SERVICE SCHOLARSHIP 348

FOOCHOW LONG BRIDGE—By John Muccio 348 THE

PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION

VOL. X, No. 9 WASHINGTON. D. C. SEPTEMBER, 1933 Presentation of Memorial Album to Mr. Carr IN the presence of the Secretary of State, the a license from the City of Antwerp for the use Assistant Secretaries and Departmental offi¬ of the plates belonging to the Plantin-M oretus cials, -Mr. Alexander Weddell, Ambassador to Museum. The hand illuminating was done by Argentina, on August 11, presented to Mr. Carr, artists attached to the establishment just men¬ on behalf of the Foreign Service, a memorial tioned. The decorative motives used in the vol¬ album commemorating his 40 years of service in ume are from original plates of the Plantin- the Department. Moretus Museum, and are described in detail in The proposal for the album was circulated by the “Notes on Preparation and Contents’’ at the Consul General Marion Letcher to a small group hack of the album. Certain of the motives were of officers in Europe in June, 1932, at which time adapted to suit the purposes of the volume. The Mr. Carr had actually completed his fortieth year binding represents a composite of various designs of service. These officers expressed such hearty of the early Renaissance period, the prevailing concurrence as to justify the belief that the pro¬ motif being a foliage design in relief. posal would find support through the entire Serv¬ The contents in order are as follows: ice, and this belief was more than merited. It Shield of the United States. was most gratifying to the sponsors of the plan Frontispiece, engraving E Pluribus Unum, sym¬ to receive with the return of the signed sheets a bolizing the United States. very considerable number of letters in which Dedicatory text in medallion, surrounded by warm approval of the plan was expressed, and in decorative motives from an old engraving de¬ which not only congratulations but thanks were scribed under “Notes on Preparation and Con¬ offered the proposer for having undertaken the tents.” preparation of a memorial of this character. Reverse, a jewel ornamentation, repeated on These letters, which in all cases were written various subsequent pages, also described in the without any thought that Mr. Carr would know “Notes on Preparation and Contents.” of their contents, constitute a measure of the re¬ Text of address by signatories, biographical spect and affection in which the distinguished As¬ sketch, decorated with various motives. sistant Secretary is held by those who have served Map of the world, Mercator’s projection, from under him, and it is to he regretted that certain original plates, hand illuminated. of these letters could not have formed part of a Autographs; each sheet is headed by an old permanent record to accompany the album. shield device of the United States. The sheets of the album are 1014 by 15 Notes on Preparation and Contents. inches, and in composition are the best Holland Printer’s note. Vellum. The entire work was committed to the There are 911 signatures, these including a press of |. F. Ikischman, of Antwerp, which holds large proportion of the members of the Foreign 321 , H __ J Ej^MERICANpOREIGNgERVICE JOURNAL

Service as of July-October, 1932, including am¬ “Your vision of a Foreign Service which would bassadors, ministers, counselors, secretaries, con¬ be adequate to the needs of our country’s expand¬ suls, vice consuls, and non-career officers. ing foreign relations, and at the same time be The sheets were sent out separately for signa¬ properly representative of America’s social and ture to the principal posts in different zones and political principles, is becoming each year more from such posts were distributed to other of¬ and more a reality. fices. It was at firM estimated that the work "Those who have served under you, inspired could be finished by the end of October, 1932, and by the example set by you in giving the whole of in order to hasten the return of the sheets sent your thought to the building up of an adequate to distant posts, the mailing of the sheets to such service, have caught a sense of what has lain be¬ posts was done immediately after the enterprise hind your endeavors and have been inspired to had been launched, that is to say, in June, 1932. give themselves gladly to the tasks which have Various causes of delay arose, however, and all fallen to their lot. At every turn they have felt of the sheets were not actually returned to Ant¬ that the guiding hand was strong and the leader¬ werp until the early spring of 1933. ship sure. A set of sheets was lost in transmission in "Yours has been a unique career, and it has passing through lines of communication inter¬ been our thought to make our tribute on the occa¬ rupted by a revolution in progress in the area cor¬ sion of your fortieth anniversary of service in a responding but was sub-equently replaced. Two measure correspondingly so. In token of this other sets, however, have never been returned and our signatures have been severally added to the therefore must lie regarded as irrevocably lost. leaves of this album, which we hope will remain The following appears in the front of the to you unceasingly a testimonial of our apprecia- album : (Continued on page 352)

PRESENTATION OF ALBUM TO MR. CARR Harri* A Kwin„ Left to Right: Cordell Hull, Secretary of State; Wilbur J. Carr. Assistant Secretary of State; Alexander W(ddcll, Ambassador to Argentina 322 Arrangement to Reduce Loss by Exchange THE economy legislation requiring a reduc¬ those officers and employes is now far below the tion of 15 per cent in salaries and the depre¬ amount specified in the appropriation bills enacted ciation of the dollar in certain countries, by the Congress. For example, an American clerk have created a serious problem for officers and in Paris who has a salary of $2,000 is subject to employes of the Government in foreign countries. a reduction of 15 per cent, as in the case of Gov¬ The Department of State has realized this and ernment employes in this country. His net avail¬ has been constantly studying the matter in the able salary, therefore, is $1,700, but instead of hope of finding some way to alleviate the situation. being able, as in this country, to apply that entire There are two problems involved. First, the amount to his necessary expenses, he must in reduction in salaries based on cost of living de¬ France turn his dollars into francs in order to creases in the United States which in many cases pay his rent, living expenses, and purchase such were not the same as similar decreases in various things as he may need. In this transaction he foreign countries; and second, the appreciation of must now pay at the rate of $1.45 for each 25 local currency in some countries above the mint francs, where some months ago he would have par rates. paid only $1 for the same number of francs. In this way the actual money which he has to apply The first question was submitted to the Comp¬ to the payment of his expenses has dropped from troller General as to whether it might not be pos¬ $2,000, the amount appropriated by Congress sible to exempt officers and employes in foreign originally, to a little more than $1,000, the value countries from the reduction based on cost of of the foreign currency which he is able to apply living in the United States or else base the per¬ to the payment of his expenses. This amounts to centage reduction on the varying conditions in each country. The Comptroller General, how¬ nearly a 50 per cent reduction in pay instead of the 15 per cent reduction applicable to all Government ever, found that the law was so worded that this employes in the United States. This not only is was not possible. The only relief therefore as to the condition in France but in a number of other this appears to be dependent on congressional ac¬ countries where local currencies have greatly ap¬ tion, which, it is hoped, may be obtained at the preciated in terms of dollar exchange. Clearly next session of Congress. Congress did not intend that employes should With regard to the second point, the Depart¬ suffer this heavy reduction. ment, acting upon the express wish of the Presi¬ “In order to rectify the injustice to officers and dent, for about two months has been in consulta¬ employes caused by conditions not contemplated tion with officials of the Treasury Department in when the appropriations were made, arrangements an effort to find some means of paying salary and have been effected under which those officers and expense checks and drafts at the mint par rate, employes in certain countries will be able to cash and this has now been arranged in those coun¬ their Government checks for salaries and expenses tries where local currency is above par. There at approximately mint par of exchange instead of are some details as to the drawing of drafts in the present current rate of exchange. This ar¬ such countries which have still to be worked out, rangement will apply to all countries and their and it is expected this will be accomplished in the dependencies in which the dollar has depreciated near future. below par of exchange.” On August 2, 193.3, the following statement In commenting on this action in an editorial was given to the press: entitled “A Commendable Step,” the Washington Star wrote as follows in its issue of August 6: “After consultation with the several depart¬ “The decision of the Government to compensate its ments and independent establishments having of¬ representatives abroad for losses suffered through the ficers and employes in foreign countries, it has depreciating dollar in terms of the foreign currencies is been ascertained that because of the increased in just recognition of a situation that, for some of these representatives, must have become unbearable. * * * Of dollar cost of foreign exchange the purchasing course, the act is one of pure justice and honor.” power of the salaries provided by Congress for (Continued on page 356) 323 Random Reminiscences

4. THE HUMAN CRANE

By CONSUL GENERAL ARTHUR GARRELS, Tokyo, Japan

aT SAY, GARRELS,” said Kirwin, the As- broad-shouldered, blue-eyed, a shock of blonde I sistant Director of Egyptian Customs, as hair and full-grown beard which gave evidence "*"he joined us in a pre-luncheon nip at the of having lately been attacked by the barber’s Union Club at Alexandria one morning in 1915 shears. There was a benevolent smile on his or 1916, “there’s a fellow-countryman of yours face, and when I said, “Sit down, please,” he down at the Customs who needs looking after. responded with a surprising avidity. But when I “Oh,” was my rejoinder, “what’s the story?” asked him his name he merely continued a sheep¬ “The fellow is a bit balmy, I’m afraid,” he said. ish grin. When I gave him paper and pencil and “I have noticed him about for a month or two. said, “Write your name,” he almost jumped to Seems to work for an Arab dray-man. A big, comply, which bore out what Kirwin had told me, strong chap. Rather unkempt. Wears a pair of namely, that he would unquestioningly do any¬ dirty khaki trousers and a torn singlet. The thing that he was asked or prompted to perform. wharf rats make a butt of him. His mental There was more questioning, the net result of weakness seems to lie in the direction of doing which was that his name was undoubtedly Charles anything he’s told. You may know that the young Kaulkner, that he lived in Belleville, Illinois, that riff-raff put him through some funny jumps. I’ve he had a brother named Henry and sisters Bar¬ made some inquiries. The old dray-man, it seems, bara and Lizzie. We were unable, however, to lets him sleep in his stable and keeps him alive get the slightest clue as to how he had arrived in on rice and Arab bread. Puts him to work in the Egypt, or where he had been previously. All morning loading trucks and the poor devil keeps questions were met with an insipid grin. It was at it like a human crane. Of course we can’t let only when he was given paper and pencil that a European carry on like that, so I had him up he would make an attempt to reply, but such the other day. Can’t get much out of him. Grins efforts resulted in an incoherent jumble of words. like a friendly ape, is unable to concentrate on an What to do with Kaulkner became a problem. idea for longer than a word or two. I quizzed It was manifest that he could not continue as a him for about half an hour. All I could get out human crane for an Arab teamster. On the other of him was this scribble. It appears to be his hand, there was no institution in Alexandria in name and where he came from.” which he could be placed, unless it was Hadra I examined the paper Kirwin gave me and made Prison, which was hardly the place for an inno¬ out clearly enough, “Charles Kaulkner, Belle¬ cent nit-wit. Besides, he had not yet been sub¬ ville, miner.” jected to a medical examination to determine his “Well, that’s intelligent enough,” I said. “Belle¬ sanity, and so could not be certified insane pre¬ ville is a coal mining center in Illinois not far liminary to commitment in the Government Insane from St. Louis. I’ve often been there. I’ll tell Asylum near Cairo. He was harmless as far as Tuck to get in touch with you and see what is to could be judged, as long as no one prompted him be learned. Of course he’ll have to be taken away to some act of grave consequence. from where he is. Have one of your men get There existed at that time in Alexandria, and him some clothes. I’ll reimburse you.” perhaps it is still extant, an institution known as One morning a few days later Kipp Tuck an¬ the Rudolph Home.” It was inaugurated and nounced that according to arrangements he had for many years conducted by a worthy individual made, Kirwin had sent up that protection case, on the order of homes maintained by the Salva¬ and explained, “I’ve worked with him about an tion Army. Lhe homeless and down-and-outers hour, but can’t get very much out of him. I won¬ could always find shelter there, and the so-called der if you would like to see him before he goes. soup kitchen of the institution provided sustenance That’s what I’ve got in his own handwriting,” three times a day at a mere pittance. The free¬ and he produced the name of Charles Kaulkner, lance benevolent missionary who had conceived written fairly legibly, and Belleville, Illinois, and this institution and carried on its work through also some family names. the aid of local European business houses and “All right,” I said. “Bring him in.” Egyptian Effendies had passed on before my time When Kaulkner entered, I beheld a fine physi¬ in Alexandria, but his work was being continued cal specimen of manhood, a giant in stature, by his wife and young daughter. 324 I thought it possible that Mrs. Rudolph might thorough, and it took the combined efforts of a take care of Kaulkner until we could learn some¬ couple of “shaweeshes” and the inmates of the thing about his family or dispose of him else¬ “Rudolph Home” to save the poor “bowwab” where. There was no doubt that if he was told from being actually murdered at his hands. No to do any particular work he would continue to one, it seems, remembered that all that was neces¬ do it until told to stop. Since he was strong, he sary to have him cease his assault was to tell him could easily do porter’s work in an institution like to stop. When Mrs. Rudolph appeared on the the “Rudolph Home,” peel potatoes, carry out scene and inadvertently cried, “Now stop this! rubbish and ashes, and make himself generally he ceased as abruptly as he had begun. useful. When she had told me this story I agreed with Mrs. Rudolph at first hesitated to accede to my Mrs. Rudolph that it was dangerous to have a request, but was finally prevailed upon to admit fellow like that around, but I asked her to hold him. him for a few days until we could find a place He marched along to his new home quite amia¬ for him. I decided to have him medically exam¬ bly with a kawass, and did as Mrs. Rudolph bade ined. Dr. Chorlian pronounced him mentally him. Soon he had made himself quite useful unbalanced, which was sufficient evidence to em¬ about the place. He appeared happy and docile, power me as the presiding authority of the Con¬ and his behavior and presence in the “Rudolph sular Court to commit him as a ward of the Home” gave no cause for complaint. Court. So off to the Egyptian state institution With such meager data as I had, I addressed he was peacefully led. the Mayor of Belleville, Illinois, seeking if pos¬ Shortly after this I received a reply from the sible to establish Kaulkner’s identity and to obtain Mayor of Belleville, Illinois, stating that Kaulkner contact with his family, if such existed. was a native of Belleville, that he was known The weeks rolled on. One morning, about the there, and that his friends and relatives had for time we thought a reply from the Mayor of Belle¬ some time wondered what had become of him. ville was due to arrive, Mrs. Rudolph burst into He stated, however, that Kaulkner’s brother was the Consulate in a state of great emotion. no longer a resident of Belleville, but had left for “Oh, Mr. Consul, Mr. Consul 1 Send for that somewhere in the Northwest, that his sister was man, send for that man!” married but was not in a position to forward “Please, Mrs. Rudolph,” I said, “calm yourself. funds for his maintenance or for transportation What’s it all about ?” to the United States. The Mayor stated that the State of Illinois would take care of Kaulkner, “Oh, get him, take him away at once. I will once he arrived within its borders, but there were not have him another minute, another minute, in no funds available for his transportation. my house!” “But, Mrs. Rudolph, what has happened?” Arrangements for his commitment to the Egyp¬ tian state institution were made through the diplo¬ 1 finally succeeded in extracting from her what matic agency at Cairo. I was under the impres¬ had occurred. It seems that Kaulkner was sitting sion that he might be maintained there as a charity- peacefully the night before with the night watch¬ patient, but I shortly began to receive bills for man who was also guardian of the door of the his keep. I was doubtful whether funds were institution, which was closed promptly at some available for his maintenance as a ward of the fairly early hour of the evening. Lodgers who Consular Court, but the Auditor passed the ac¬ stayed out later than that hour were compelled to counts, evidently under the appropriation of Pris¬ knock for admittance. Some individual with too oners, United States Consular Court, or whatever much booze aboard, it appeared, had taken excep¬ it was in those days. I had not given up hope, tion to the fact that he had to gain admittance by however, that his family might yet provide funds knocking, and upbraided the “bowwab,” who, not for his return to the United States. being used to be remonstrated with for something which was beyond his control, replied in a manner Periodical reports from the institution stated that left no doubt as to his feelings in the matter. that he was continuing in good bodily health. One A war of words ensued. When the lodger, who morning, however, the world was relieved of the evidently knew something of Kaulkner’s mental care of that unfortunate, for he died quite sud¬ proclivities, said, “Soak that fellow!” or some¬ denly. His family was notified, and there ended thing to that effect, Kaulkner, with his usual my connection with the case. Just what caused avidity in responding to a request for action on his insanity was never determined, nor how he his part, proceeded to soak the “bowwab.” Like arrived in Egypt. Just another 310 case with an everything he did under such conditions, he was unsolved mystery. 325 Kaleidoscopic Impressions of Zagreb

By SADIE VON TRESCKOW ZAGREB, the ancient city formerly known as The Mother Goose rhyme, “Off to market to Agram, the center of the cultural and in¬ buy a fat pig,” comes to mind when through the dustrial life of the Croats, charms the visi¬ window pane is seen a peasant, costumed in white tor at once with its vistas and lovely parks, its age- breeches stuffed down into black boots, a gaily mellowed atmosphere, its life and color. embroidered vest or bolero jacket, and elaborate Holland has always been known as the pretty white blouse, switch in hand, smoking a pipe, and picture-post-card land, much to the amused dis¬ driving before him a huge white hog tethered gust of the serious-minded Dutch who, as masters by the leg. Other tales of childhood come back of wind and wave, land and sea, feel that their when during the Christmas season flocks of tur¬ country has far more important qualities in sup¬ keys gobblingly protest as they meander through port of her claim to a lofty place in the Hall of the streets driven by peasant women clad in Fame. Yugoslavia’s little known and colorful voluminous skirts and bright colored aprons with territory, however, is a good second from the their heads tied up in gay bandanas. The tur¬ point of view of scenery and it must delight all keys are sold “on the hoof” and one by one they artists. disappear down into the dark cellars of the pur¬ The first strange sight to greet the eye in Yugo¬ chasers. The pig is much prized, particularly in slavia is the economy of vowels in the words on Serbia, not only as an emblem of joy and good signs and street names, a simplified spelling as it luck on cards of greeting but also as the “piece were, in spite of the 30 letters of the alphabet, de resistance” at Christmas and on other feast the extras being consonants with cabalistic signs. days. Or again, when the hotel menu offers “pecembrili On Wednesdays and Saturdays a visit to the przemih pilica,” one wonders if he should indulge, market is the event of the day for it is then that but all doubt disappears when the dish turns out the peasants come from far and near to sell their to be deliciously fried chicken. wares. Jelacic Square, in the heart of the city,

The roof is colored in glased tile. The coat of arms on the right is that of the city of Zagreb while on the left is that of Croatia. Slovenia and Dal¬ matia.

Photo from E. von Tresckow ANCIENT CHURCH OF ST. MARK, ZAGREB 326 is then abloom with flowers of every hue, among them garlands and branches of daintily made paper flowers, whose vendors stand under multi-colored umbrellas. The fruit booths, where red-gold oranges from Spain rest cheek-by-jowl with lemons and bananas from Italy, dates from Tur¬ key and native fruits, are also presided over by gaily dressed peasants. Further on, at the large open air market, long benches are hidden under the products of hand-looms and home industries— laces, embroideries, native costumes, bright green or red embroidered wool and leather slippers, carved gourds, marble figures, shawls and tapes¬ tries, and carpets and rugs which are often sold by turbaned Turks. Picturesque peasants come from all over the Kingdom to buy and to sell and to exchange news and gossip. Below, in the en¬ closed market, every article of food can he found neatly arranged, the joy and solace of the Zagreb housewife. Zagreb’s history is as interesting and as colorful as its daily life, full of the brave deeds of its heroes and martyrs, who defended its rights and its autonomy and prevented the city from falling under Turkish invasion. Documents prove that the city existed previous to 1093 and its most prized possession is the ‘‘Golden Bull." the Hun¬ garian King Bela's famous document of Novem¬ ber 16, 1242, with his royal seal, granting Zagreb autonomy and making it a royal free town. In 1925 Zagreb celebrated the one thousandth year of the foundation of Croatia, and a mound surmounted by a monument and covering a crypt in which replicas of national relics were enshrined, was built at Maksimir Park. Many thousands of OLD CITY GATEWAY, ZAGREB bags of earth were brought from all the villages In a corner of the gateway stands the statue of the Virgin of Croatia and deposited by the youth of the Zi'hich tradition says was miraculously saved when all else country. in Zagreb zvas destroyed by fire in 1674 All Yujoslavia is justly proud of the Ethno¬ graphic Museum at Zagreb where 30,000 objects, her third child, weaves or embroiders in the motif most colorful and authentic symbols of the life of her costumes, where red still predominates, and thoughts of an ancient agricultural people, green and yellow threads. After the birth of the have been collected and displayed by the director fourth, the red almost or entirely disappears; and founder of the museum, Doctor Berger. after the fifth the yellow tints are left out and Every section of the country, every village has only subdued colors such as blue, brown, and dark its own costume, and one who knows can identify green, remain. There is no race suicide here! exactly not only the place from which a peasant Old women wear richly ornamented white cos¬ has come, but from the colors and designs can tumes with shawls and fichus of violet or royal tell the age and aspirations of the women weavers purple, hut a very old woman must wear only and whether they are married or single. The white. A costume of white linen without orna¬ costume is the artistic impulse of the peasant her¬ ment is the dress of mourning. A widow wears self and the stuffs are dyed and ornamented by white for a year hut should she wish to marry each individual, each color having an exact sym¬ again, she wears a shawl embroidered in blue or bolic value. In principle, red signifies life, green according to the intensity of her desire. A strength, and youth, and young people almost in¬ woman who is believed to be possessed of a devil variably wear it. The woman, until the birth of (Continued, on page 355) 327 Aces in the New Deal

II. THE AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT By HENRY L. DEIMEL, JR. TO THE average man who has been able for the purpose of reducing their existing mort¬ to give no more than occasional cursory at¬ gages and redeeming foreclosed farms. tention to the troubles of the farmer, the Title 111 contains the much discussed authority cry for farm relief seems to have become peren¬ to the President to expand the currency and to nial. Despite the repeated measures for farm re¬ revalue the dollar in terms of gold, as well as to lief that have, to his vague understanding, been accept silver at not more than SO cents an ounce enacted, the troubles have not been removed, since in settlement of the debt payments by foreign the demand for new relief has not ended, and he governments during a period of six months fol¬ has begun to wonder whether perhaps the farm¬ lowing enactment of the act. ers’ troubles are not a permanent phenomenon. It is in Title 1 that the new system of farm That these troubles are very real, no one who relief is to be found. The attack on the farmer’s is aware of the capitalization of farm mortgages troubles is to be made through machinery to on the basis of the peak war-time farm prices, and assure him a higher price for his products rela¬ of the decline of those prices to below the pre¬ tive to the prices of the things he must purchase, war level, and far below the relative level of in¬ and thus to cause him to receive a larger share of dustrial prices—particularly in the last few years the national income than he has been able to get of general hardship—can doubt, and if he did, in the past. the news of incipient disturbances in some of the Title 1 opens with a “Declaration of Emer¬ great agricultural sections, over such things as gency,’ to the effect that “a severe and increas¬ milk prices and mortgage f< reclosures, ought to ing disparity between the prices of agricultural convince him that there is serious need of adjust¬ and other commodities, which disparity has largely ment. destroyed the purchasing power of farmers for It was therefore inevitable that measures for industrial products” has contributed to “the pres¬ farm relief should find a prominent place in the ent acute economic emergency” and rendered im¬ New Deal. On May 12, 1933, there was approved perative the immediate enactment of this title of an Act (Public No. 10, Seventy-third Congress) : the act. 1 his is followed by a declaration that » it is the policy of Congress “to establish and main¬ “To relieve the existing- economic emergency by in¬ tain such balance between the production and creasing agricultural purchasing power, to raise revenue for extraordinary expenses incurred by reason of such consumption of agricultural commodities, and emergency, to provide emergency relief with respect to such marketing conditions therefor,” as to rees¬ agricultural indebtedness, to provide for the orderly tablish farm prices at such a level as to give to liquidation of joint-stock land banks, and for other purposes.” farmers’ products a purchasing power, in respect of “articles that farmers buy,” equivalent to that The three titles of this act deal respectively of the base period, which is set at August 1919- with: July, 1929, for tobacco and at August, 1909-July, 1914, for all other agricultural commodities. This I. Agricultural price adjustment. end is to be approached gradually, “at as rapid a II. Agricultural credits. III. The national currency. rate as is deemed feasible in view of the current consumptive demand in domestic and foreign mar¬ It is with the first of these that the following kets,” and the consumers’ interests are to be pro¬ discussion is mainly concerned. The others may tected be briefly described. Title II provides amend¬ “by readjusting farm production at such level as will ments to the existing system of Federal farm not increase the percentage of the consumers’ retail ex¬ credit to liberalize the extension of credit to farm¬ penditures for agricultural commodities, or products ers and reduce the rates of interest; it also pro¬ derived therefrom, which is returned to the farmer, above vides for the liquidation of the joint-stock land the percentage which was returned to the farmer’ in the banks and for the use of funds of the Recon¬ pre-war period, August, 1909-July, 1914.” struction Finance Corporation, up to a total of The means by which it is proposed to effectuate two hundred million dollars, for loans to farmers this policy are clearly indicated in the declara- 328 ticm—control of production and regulation of “to provide for reduction in the acreage or reduction in the production for market, or both, of any basic agri¬ marketing conditions. The act provides authority cultural commodity, through agreements with producers to the Secretary of Agriculture to proceed by any or by other voluntary methods, and to provide for rental or all of several courses; namely, through—- or benefit payments in connection therewith or upon that part of the production of any basic agricultural com¬ 1. Curtailment of production under a lease or modity required for domestic consumption, in such benefit system, with a special additional arrange¬ amounts as the Secretary deems fair and reasonable, to ment for cotton. be paid out of any moneys available for such payments.” 2. Marketing arrangements, exempted from Iii short, the Secretary of Agriculture may pay the anti-trust laws. the producers of basic commodities to reduce their 3. Licensing. production. Basic commodities are defined as The act itself deals very briefly with the last wheat, cotton, field corn, hogs, rice, tobacco, and two methods above-mentioned, but enough is milk and its products. For cotton a special addi¬ stipulated to indicate a certain parallelism with the tional arrangement is provided, based upon the provisions for the establishment of trade practice large stocks of cotton held by the Government, codes and, if necessary, the imposition of a or pledged with it against loans. The Govern¬ licensing system on particular industries, under ment is to secure full legal title to the pledged the Industrial Recovery Act. The corresponding cotton, and all cotton in the hands of any Gov¬ provisions are specified in greater detail in the ernment agency is then to lie sold to the Secre¬ latter, which was enacted at a later date and con¬ tary of Agriculture, who may borrow from the tains stipulations not found in the Agricultural Reconstruction Finance Corporation to pay for it. Adjustment Act (such as those designed to sup¬ The Secretary may then enter into option con¬ port collective action by labor groups). 1 he essen¬ tracts with cotton producers by which, in return tial idea, however, seems to be very much the for a written agreement to reduce the amount of same. The Secretary of Agriculture is author¬ his production in 1933 by not less than 30 per ized “to enter into marketing agreements with cent below his previous year’s production, the pro¬ processors, associations of producers, and others ducer is to obtain from the Secretary a non-trans- engaged in the handling, in the current of inter¬ ferable option contract to buy the cotton held by state or foreign commerce of any agricultural the Secretary, at any time up to January 1, 1934, at commodity or product thereof.” Such agreements the average price paid for it by the Secretary plus are not to be held in violation of the anti-trust carrying charges, or he can have the Secretary laws, but shall expire upon the termination of the sell the cotton covered by his contract for him. Act. For the purpose of carrying out such agree¬ The contract is to be for an amount of cotton ments loans may be made from the funds of the equivalent to the amount of his agreed reduction. Reconstruction Finance Corporation. Clearly, if cotton goes up in price, the holder The licensing section authorizes the Secretary of such option stands to benefit. If it does not, of Agriculture "to issue licenses permitting proc¬ he suffers no loss, since he does not have to exer¬ essors, associations of producers, and others to cise his option. engage in the handling, in the current of interstate The same arrangement may be made in 1934 or foreign commerce, of any agricultural com¬ for such cotton as the Secretary may still hold, modity or product thereof" so as to eliminate hut he is to dispose of all cotton held by him by “unfair practices or charges that prevent or tend March 1, 1936. In the arrangement fixed for the to prevent the effectuation of the declared policy 1933 crop, the producer is given, in return for and the restoration of normal economic condi¬ his agreement to reduce production, the choice of tions” in marketing and financing the commodities an outright payment under the provision previ¬ affected. A fine of one thousand dollars a day ously quoted, or of a combination partial pay¬ is provided for operation without a license when ment and a cotton option contract. a license is required by the Secretary of Agri¬ Funds for the extraordinary expenses to be in¬ culture. curred by the price adjustment measures are to It is interesting to observe that the two methods be raised by processing taxes, to be levied upon above-described apply, not directly to the farm¬ the first domestic processing of any basic agri¬ ers, but to those who handle his products. The cultural commodity, whether of domestic pro¬ method of curtailment of production, on the other duction or imported, with respect to which the hand, applies directly to the producer. The Sec¬ Secretary of Agriculture determines that rental retary of Agriculture is authorized— (Continued on page 350) 329 Report of the Executive Committee of the American Foreign Service Association

THE Executive Committee is glad to report $5,000. At its last meeting on June 20, 1933, the that, notwithstanding loss in income from Executive Committee decided that the net income some sources and natural uncertainty with from the Scholarship Fund accruing during the regard to the effects of the economic depression year ending June 30, 1933, and amounting to ap¬ upon the work of the Department of State and its proximately $150, should be used toward a representatives, the normal activities of the Ameri¬ scholarship for the forthcoming school year for can Foreign Service Association were maintained attendance at the regular undergraduate course during the year ending June 30, 1933. A number of such college or university in the United States of important projects that had been initiated in as the successful applicant may choose. Appli¬ previous years were carried forward to completion cations for the scholarship are now being received and effort was made to make the Association as and the scholarship will be awarded by the Ex¬ cohesive and effective in functioning as possible. ecutive Committee which takes office July 1, 1933. The Executive Committee consisted of Mr. Homer M. Byington, chairman; Mr. Walter A. 2. Foreign Service Memorial Tablet. On Foote, vice chairman, and Messrs. Briggs, Mat¬ March 3, 1933, the Honorable Henry L. Stimson, thews and Moffat. Alternate members were Secretary of State and honorary president of the Messrs. Stuart E. Grummon and Henry S. Vil- American Foreign Service Association, unveiled lard. During the year the committee held 15 regu¬ the Memorial Tablet erected, with approval of the lar meetings and in addition transacted some busi¬ President and the Congress, by members of the ness by means of informal consultation. American Foreign Service Association in honor of the diplomatic and consular officers who, while Although no attempt will be made to make a on active duty, lost their lives under tragic or detailed presentation of all the matters to which heroic circumstances. At the unveiling ceremony, the Executive Committee gave its attention dur¬ Mr. Stimson made a brief but stirring address, ing the year under review, it is believed that the after which he unveiled the tablet, the sounding members of the Association will be interested in of “Taps” by a United States Navy bugler bring¬ a brief statement with regard to the more impor¬ ing the ceremony to an end. The memorial stands tant questions considered and acted upon by the in the north entrance hall of the State, War and Executive Committee. Such a statement appears Navy Building, facing on Pennsylvania Avenue. below. It is marked by classic simplicity and dignity and 1. Scholarshipis an imposing Fund. Ontribute leaving to the office heroism the Ex¬ and devotion ecutive Committee is very much gratified in the to duty of those who have lost their lives abroad realization that there has been established, pur¬ while in the service of the Department of State suant to the resolution unanimously adopted at the and the American Government. The memorial meeting of the Association on June 28, 1932, the is the culmination of over four years of work by American Foreign Service Association Scholar¬ the American Foreign Service Association. This ship Fund. It will be recalled that the initial work was done under the general supervision of grant establishing this fund amounted to $5,000 the Executive Committee of the Association, the and was made by the Association, and it is the details of the work being entrusted to a sub-com¬ hope of the Executive Committee that this fund mittee consisting of Augustus E. Ingram, editor may be augmented by contributions from indi¬ of the AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL; vidual members of the Association and from in¬ Pierre de L. Boal, now First Secretary at Ottawa, dividuals interested in the purpose for which the and former Consul General Horace Lee Washing¬ fund is established. The committee, after careful ton. The thanks of the entire Association are consideration, decided to invest the initial grant due to this sub-committee for its splendid work, in United States Government bonds, and, accord¬ particularly to Mr. Ingram, who acted as chair¬ ingly, there were purchased in the name and for man of the sub-committee. the account of the Scholarship Fund Treasury 3. Membership Campaign. Due to the fact Bonds, 3 1/8, due 1949, callable 1946, par value that the economic depression has resulted in a 330 substantial falling off in advertising for the JOUR¬ bers. Letters were drafted and sent to 235 mem¬ NAL, the JOURNAL has had to rely more than bers of the Association who were in arrears in heretofore for operating expenses upon the con¬ payment of dues and replies were received from tribution made to it by the Association from the some 170 bringing their payments up to date. In dues of members. It is customary to pay to the this connection it is urged that members of the JOURNAL $4 out of every $5 constituting the an¬ Association make a special effort to pay their dues nual dues of active members; the entire amount of promptly, as the Association and the JOURNAL the $4 paid hy associate members as annual dues are in unusual need—for the reasons indicated— is also turned over to the JOURNAL. The growing of the funds. A number of new members were need of a large membership from point of view of also obtained through the sending of letters to finances as well as from point of view of the more persons in the Foreign Service previously not efficient functioning of the Association caused the members. During the year there occurred an ac¬ Executive Committee to make renewed and addi¬ tual increase in membership of 22, notwithstand¬ tional efforts to obtain the membership in the As¬ ing the fact that a number of members (princi¬ sociation of all members of the Foreign Service pally associate members) felt obliged to sever and also the payment of arrears in dues by mem¬ their connection with the Association. The pres-

Photo from Mirbachas, Kaunas

The bodies of Messrs. Stephen Darius and Stanley Girenas, Lithuanian-American pilots who were killed while undertaking a non-stop flight from New York to Kaunas, were brought to Lithuania for burial. A state funeral zvas provided by the Lithuanian government. The picture slimes part of the crowd of 50,000 which zvas on hand at the Kaunas airport when the bodies arrived and American Charge d’Affaires Stafford speaking. The flyers left Floyd Bennett Field, Brooklyn, on the morning of July 15. They were reported over Newfound¬ land on the evening of the same day, but there zvas no further definite report of them until they crashed shortly after midnight July 16-17 in a forest near Soldin, Pommerania, Germany. The bodies were brought to Kaunas by airplane from Stettin. 331 ent status of the membership as compared with suggestions and recommendations to the Execu¬ the preceding year is indicated in the table below. tive Committee. This committee, which consists June 30, June 30, of Mr. Harry A. McBride and Mr. Paul H. Members 1932 1933 Ailing, is at present engaged in this survey and it is believed that their efforts will give the Execu¬ Active 828 857 tive Committee and the Association a clear esti¬ Associate 121 109 mate of the problems of the JOURNAL from point Honorary 10 15 of view of organization, contents, and finances. The editor of the JOURNAL and the other mem¬ 959 981 bers of the JOURNAL staff are cooperating whole¬ 4. American Foreign Service Journal. The heartedly in the survey that is being made. Executive Committee gave special attention to the 5. Social Functions. During the winter months AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL. On sev¬ there were continued the weekly luncheons at the eral occasions detailed reports with regard to the Racquet Club. These luncheons were entirely in¬ finances of the JOURNAL were examined carefully formal and were particularly useful in enabling and on January 31 there was appointed a special officers temporarily in Washington to meet their committee to conduct a broad survey into the func¬ fellow officers. tioning of the JOURNAL and to submit definite (Continued on page 354)

STAFF OF AMERICAN EMBASSY AT SANTIAGO, CHILE Front rour—Left to right: Major John A. Weeks, Military Attache; R. Henry Norweb, Counselor of Embassy; William S. Culbertson, former Ambassador; Commander 'Ernest L. Gunther, Naval Attache; Captain Ralph H. Wooten, former Military Attache. Standing—Left to right: George H. Butler. Third Secretary; Winthrop R. Scott, Second Secretary; Ralph H. Ackerman, Commercial Attache; Edward J. Sparks, Third Secretary; Harold L. Randall, Assistant Commer¬ cial Attache. 332 MR. HENGSTLER’S THIRTY-FIFTH Your singlemindedness and unselfish and loyal devotion ANNIVERSARY to the public interest have distinguished you in the minds of those who know you and your work, have Mr. Herbert Hengstler, Chief of the Division had a wide influence for good throughout the Department of Foreign Service Administration, was the re¬ and the Foreign Service and have justly won for you the confidence and admiration of those with whom you have cipient of congratulations from his many friends been associated. You have invariably shown to a high upon the completion of 35 years of service in the degree those qualities that are most needed in our public Department on August 13, 1933. Those who officials. came into his office on Monday, August 14, to I would not be just if I did not also express my own personal indebtedness to you for your unswerving loyalty pay their respects observed a magnificent basket and helpfulness during the entire period of our associa¬ of flowers presented by Mr. and Mrs. Carr as tion. Without you the story of foreign service improve¬ well as two new pipes which came from the staff ment would have been materially different. I shall of his Division. The Executive Committee of always be grateful for your never-failing help. With every good wish for your welfare and happiness the American Foreign Service Association pre¬ I am sented Mr. Hengstler with a smoking service on Always faithfully yours, behalf of the Foreign Service officers in the De¬ WILBUR J. CARR. partment. At a special meeting of the Executive The Honorable Committee of the Association held on August 14 Herbert C. Hengstler, a resolution, a copy of which is reproduced below, Chief, Division of Foreign Service Administration, was unanimously adopted. Department of State, Washington, D. C.

Among the numerous letters and telegrams THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION which Mr. Hengstler received were the following Washington, D. C. from the Secretary and from Mr. Carr. The “Upon the completion by Mr. Herbert C. Hengstler, JOURNAL takes this opportunity to extend to Mr. Chief of the Division of Foreign Service Administration Hengstler on behalf of the entire Foreign Service of the Department of State, of thirty-five years of service its sincere congratulations and expresses the hope in the Department of State, the Executive Committee of the American Foreign Service Association desires to that he may long continue to serve the Depart¬ record, on behalf of the American Foreign Service Asso¬ ment and the Service. ciation, sincere appreciation of Mr. Hengstler’s unflagging “August 13, 1933. effort toward promoting the interests of the Foreign Service. Through his long period of service, Mr. Heng¬ “Herbert C. Hengstler, Esquire. stler has established personal contact with practically all “Chief, Division of Foreign Service Administration, members of the Foreign Service who, were they present “Department of State, in Washington, would wish personally to express to Mr. “My Dear Mr. Hengstler: Hengstler sincere congratulations upon his completion of '4 wish to congratulate you upon your completion this notable record of public service. In extending to today of thirty-five years of service in the Department Mr. Hengstler the congratulations of the American For¬ of State. That in itself is an achievement, but you have eign Service Association, the Executive Committee ex¬ the added satisfaction of having risen from your own tends also cordial good wishes for the future.” efforts from a modest position to that which you now hold, one of the most responsible offices in the Depart¬ ment. Such advancement could only have come through your having demonstrated during the time you have been in the Department the essential qualities of ability, indus¬ try, dependability and complete loyalty. You have re¬ flected great credit upon the Department and the example of loyalty and devoted service which you have given has not only had a highly beneficial influence, but has won for you the respect and admiration of your associates. I gladly join with your other friends in the hope that you may enjoy many more years of useful service and of happiness. “Sincerely yours, “(Signed) CORDELL HULL.”

ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE, WASHINGTON, August 13, 1933. DEAR HERBERT : On this day which marks the completion of your thirty-five years of service in the Department of State ELIZABETH MONROE TRUEBLOOD, and of our association for a like period in a common daughter of the third Secretary at San Jose, Costa Rica, cause, I want to express to you my affectionate greetings and Mrs. Trueblood. (THE JOURNAL would be interested and the gratitude I feel for all that you have meant in to learn whether it has any younger readers than Miss these years to the Department and the Foreign Service. Trueblood) 333 TEN YEARS AGO 1'he September, 1923, issue of the Con¬ sular Bulletin carried as a frontispiece a memorial to President Harding, who died on August 2, 1923. It was explained that for the first time in its history the publication PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY AMERICAN FOREIGN must record the death of a President of the SERVICE ASSOCIATION, WASHINGTON, D. C. United States. The American Foreign Service Journal is published monthly by the American Foreign Service Association, and is distributed The leading article in the issue was en¬ by the Association to its members gratis. The Journal is also titled “America at the Meeting of the Opium open to private subscription in the United States and abroad at the rate of $4.00 a year, or 35 cents a copy, payable to the Advisory Committee at Geneva,” by Consul American Foreign Service Journal, care Department of State, Washington, D. C. (now Counselor of Embassy) Edwin L. Copyright, 1933, by the American Foreign Service Association Neville. Among the American representa¬ tives at the meeting, in addition to Mr. Ne¬ ville, were the Honorable Stephen G. Por¬ JOURNAL STAFF ter, chairman of the Foreign Affairs Com¬ AUGUSTUS E. INGRAM. Editor mittee of the House of Representatives; PAUL H. ALLING Acting Editor Bishop Charles H. Brent; and Assistant JAMES B. STEWART...... Consulting Editor WALTER A. FOOTE Associate Editor Surgeon General Rupert Blue, United States GEORGE TAIT ... .Business Manager Public Health Service. CLAYSON W. ALDRIDGE Treasurer of Journal The issue recorded the fact that on Au¬ gust 13, 1923, Mr. Herbert C. Hengstler, then Chief of the Consular Bureau, com¬ BY THE WAY pleted 25 years of service in the Department, Attention is particularly invited to the article and printed a letter of congratulations ad¬ appearing in this issue regarding the arrange¬ dressed to him by Mr. Carr and a copy of an ments which the Department has made for the appropriate resolution adopted by the Ex¬ payment of drafts drawn to cover salaries and ecutive Committee of the Consular Associa¬ expenses at the mint par of exchange in those tion. countries whose currencies are quoted in dollars Consul Lester L. Schnare contributed a above that rate. This arrangement should help story regarding the old bridge at Chao- to alleviate the situation of many officers and em¬ chowfu, a reproduction of which appeared ployes who have been embarrassed by the reduc¬ on the front cover of the issue. tion in their incomes caused by the economy legis¬ A short item entitled “The Wails of an lation and the depreciation of the dollar. It will Inspector” explained the predicament in be observed from this article that the Department which an unmarried Consul-General-at- hopes that it will be possible to obtain from Con¬ large found himself in being obliged to ad¬ gress legislation exempting from the operation mire four consular babies born within his of certain sections of the Economy Act those of¬ inspection district. The inspector, who ap¬ ficers and employes who are living in countries parently was on his first tour of duty in where the cost of living has decreased less than that capacity, complained bitterly that though it has in the United States. This news will be his older colleagues had given him all sorts read by the Service with the greatest interest and of advice on subjects ranging from malaria will make clear that the Department is bending to shipwrecks and earthquakes, they had every effort to relieve the situation in which many completely neglected to inform him with re¬ officers find themselves. spect to the technique of admiring babies. If the JOURNAL is not completely mistaken as to the identity of the inspector in ques¬ ASSOCIATION EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE tion, it is only fair to record that he subse¬ The Executive Committee of the American quently married and now is a proud father. Foreign Service Association, at its first meeting Under the circumstances he probably is no on August 7, elected Mr. Thomas M. Wilson as longer in need of the advice which he sought chairman and Mr. J. Pierrepont Moffat as vice 10 years ago. chairman of the committee for the present year. 334 The Secretary of State and Mrs. Hull, accom¬ yrears of service had been decidedly worth while panied by their niece, Mrs. Paul Hays, returned and that he hoped that the junior members of to the United States from the Economic Confer¬ his staff would eventually outstrip him in the ence at London on the S. S. President Harding Service. on August 5. After spending a day consulting with the President, who at the time was at his The President announced on August 2 that he residence at Hyde Park, New York, the Secretary had requested Assistant Secretary of State Ray¬ returned to Washington and resumed his duties mond Moley to make a special study of kidnaping at the Department on August 7. and racketeering. It was stated that Mr. Moley would retain his office as Assistant Secretary while Other members of the delegation and staff of making a special survey of the crime situation and the Conference who accompanied the Secretary that upon the completion of the survey, which is on the S. S. President Harding were: The Hon¬ expected to last several weeks, he would resume orable Samuel D. McReynolds, chairman of the his duties at the Department. Foreign Affairs Committee of the House of Rep¬ resentatives, and Miss Margaret McReynolds; Consul General Oscar S. Heizer, retired, writes Mr. James Clement Dunn, Chief of the Division that he and Mrs. Heizer have taken a house for of Protocol and Conferences; Mr. Hugh Gum¬ the summer near that of their daughter at Malba, ming, Assistant to the Secretary of State; Mr. Long Island. Mr. Heizer is contemplating com¬ Harry C. Hawkins, of the Treaty Division, and ing to Washington about the middle of Septemlrer Mrs. Hawkins; Mr. Benjamin B. Wallace, of the at which time he will look into the possibility of Tariff Commission (formerly of the Economic taking a house in one of the suburban com¬ Adviser’s office), and Mrs. Wallace; and Mr. munities. Walter R. Gardner, of the Federal Reserve Board. Her many friends in the Service will be glad On July 1, 1933, Mr. Douglas Jenkins, Amer¬ to learn that after a period of illness lasting over ican Consul General at Hong Kong, celebrated five weeks Mr. Hengstler’s mother showed such the twenty-fifth anniversary of his entrance into improvement by the middle of August that she the Service. The members of the commissioned was able to sit up for short periods daily. As the staff of the Consulate General gave a dinner for JOURNAL goes to press she continues to improve. Mr. Jenkins to which were invited numerous friends, including several from Canton where he The former Ambassador to Chile and Mrs. had previously been stationed. In commemora¬ William S. Culbertson are expected to arrive in tion of the anniversary the staff presented Mr. Washington in September at which time Mr. Cul¬ Jenkins with a small card tray and in accepting bertson will resume his position as professor at the present Mr. Jenkins said that his twenty-five Georgetown University. 335 On August 10, 1933, the President announced tinued an editorial, entitled “Career Men,” in its the appointment of Mr. Charles S. Wilson, for¬ issue of July 31, as follows: merly American Minister to Rumania, as the new At the beginning of nearly every administration diffi¬ American Minister to Yugoslavia. Mr. Wilson culties arise between the career diplomats who are giving thus resumes connections in Belgrade which he their lives to the foreign service and distinguished mem¬ bers of the party in power who are seeking appointments established as early as 1901 at the time of his ap¬ as ambassadors and ministers. As a rule the more im¬ pointment as Secretary of Legation to Greece, portant posts are filled by men who have gained distinc¬ Rumania, and Serbia. In 1904 Mr. Wilson at¬ tion in business or professional life. Ambassadors of this sort add personal prestige to their official posts. Their tended the coronation of King Peter of Serbia, lack of experience in the diplomatic field is offset to and after service in numerous capitals as a diplo¬ some extent by the services of carefully-trained aides matic secretary he was appointed in 1921 as and secretaries. On the whole this method of filling the American Minister to Bulgaria. His present ap¬ more important diplomatic posts seems to work out fairly satisfactorily. pointment completes his service as Minister at But there are many positions in which diplomatic three of the Balkan capitals. training and familiarity with the problems to be encoun¬ tered are essential. The State Department long ago recognized the need for skillful diplomats who will devote After stating that the appointment of Mr. their Jives to the foreign service. Young men are chosen for this work after a most rigorous examination. They Charles S. Wilson as Minister to Yugoslavia are trained at considerable expense to the Government. “gives new encouragement to the career men in Through service in American embassies and legations the diplomatic service,” the Washington Post con- in many lands they acquire skill in the maintenance of friendly relations between governments. Their services to the State Department are invaluable. Fairness demands that these men should be rewarded by promotion when they prove their ability. Capable men can not be expected to go into the foreign service unless they may look forward to important assignments in their own right. In other words, if career men are confined to secretarial positions the Government can not hope to attract the high class of embryonic diplomats that it desires. Some very distinguished diplomats have come up through the ranks of the foreign service. At present the State Department has a competent group of career men who are worthy of recognition in the appointment of ministers and ambassadors. It would be unfortunate indeed if their services should not be used to the best advantage. The American Ambassador to Japan and Mrs. Grew recently announced the engagement of their daughter, Elizabeth, to Cecil B. Lyon, Third Sec¬ retary of the Embassy at Tokyo. In this connec¬ tion it is interesting to recall that Ambassador Grew has not only given his life to the Service but his three daughters as well. One of the Am¬ bassador’s daughters is Mrs. Jay Pierrepont Moffat, wife of the Chief of the Division of West¬ ern European Affairs of the Department, and an¬ other is Mrs. Robert English, wife of the Third Secretary of the American Legation at Budapest. Prior to his assignment to the Embassy at Tokyo Mr. Lyon was attached to the Consulate General at Hong Kong.

With a view to reducing clerical work in the Department an order was issued on August 5, 1933, authorizing the use of form letters in Underwood & Underwood acknowledging so-called public comment letters. CHARLES S. WILSON These forms are drafted in the third person and Minister to Yugoslavia simply acknowledge the receipt of the communi- 336 cation in question and inform the writer that ap¬ In acknowledgment of their esteem and as a propriate attention has been given to the contents mark of appreciation for Lady Astor’s many thereof. courtesies to them, the American delegates and officials at the London Economic Conference pre¬ By Departmental Order No. 554 of August 3, sented her daughter, the Honorable Phyllis Astor, 1933, Mr. Jefferson Caffery was appointed a with a silver cigarette and cigar service on the member of the Board of Foreign Service Per¬ occasion of her marriage to Lord Willoughby sonnel to replace former Assistant Secretary de Eresbv. James Grafton Rogers. Mr. Augustus E. Ingram, editor of the JOUR¬ On July 31, the President announced the ap¬ NAL, writes from Seville and Malaga that he had pointment of Mr. Arthur Bliss Lane, recently a pleasant trip to Europe and that en route he counselor of the Embassy at Mexico City, as visited the Azores and Madeira. At Lisbon he American Minister to Nicaragua. Mr. Lane com¬ had the opportunity to see Consul General Deich- menced his diplomatic career in 1916 as Secretary man, Consul Armstrong, and Vice Consul Ander¬ to the American Ambassador to Italy and sub¬ son. Mr. Ingram reports that he finds Malaga sequently entered the career service as secretary delightful, with climate and scenery which remind of legation. Prior to his assignment as coun¬ him of southern California. During their sojourn selor of Embassy at Mexico he had been Chief in Malaga Mr. and Mrs. Ingram stayed with for¬ of the Division of Latin American Affairs of the mer Consul General Edward J. Norton who is Department. now living in that city.

FROM THE VISITORS’ REGISTER Room 115, Department of State Date of Registration July Norman Armour, Port au Prince 17 Elizabeth Landers, Hamburg 17 Jean MacDonald, Buenos Aires 17 C. E. Gauss, Peiping 17 Sidney A. Belovsky, Dublin 19 Leo E. Schumacher, Vigo 19 Warren M. Chase, Amsterdam 21 Calvin H. Oakes, Genoa 24 Charles M. Hathaway, Munich 27 Samuel Reber, Geneva 27 Hiram Bingham, Jr., Warsaw 31 Earl W. Eaton, Mazatlan 31 Theodore S. Cleveland, Buenos Aires 31 George R. Hukill, Zurich 31 August Alexander W. Weddell, Buenos Aires 1 Hallett Johnson, The Hague 3 C. Paul Fletcher, Toronto 5 Stanley R. Lawson, Winnipeg 5 Thomas M. Wilson, Personnel Division... 7 Stanley Wilkinson, Santa Marta 8 Stanley Hawks, Mexico City 9 Damon C. Woods, Toronto 10 Archibald E. Gray, Bordeaux 10 Gerald A. Mokma, Antwerp 11 Joseph L. Brent, Jerusalem 11 George A. Makinson, Birmingham 13 Thomas McEnelly, Barcelona 14 Richard R. Willey, Leipzig 14 Taylor W. Gannett, Guayaquil 15 Roy T. Davis, Panama 15 Photo from Harris & Evnng Frank C. Lee, Prague 17 ARTHUR BLISS LANE John Ball Osborne, Budapest 22 Minister to Nicaragua 337 News Items From The Field

ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA which were engraved the words “Presented by the JULY, 1933. Staff of the American Consulate General at To¬ ronto with affectionate regard.” The Fourth of July this year was marked by Consul Fletcher left for Washington on Thurs¬ the first radio broadcast in commemoration of our day evening, August 3, 1933. Independence Day ever given from an Adelaide station. Following a musical program in which LUCY CLARK. American patriotic airs predominated, the Rev. C. W. Johnson, an American citizen, gave an in¬ PARIS teresting talk on “John Bull and Uncle Sam.” Mr. Johnson said: AUGUST 3, 1933. “The Fourth of July has become institutional For reasons which can easily be guessed, there with the American people as a memorial of their are fewer Foreign Service officers visiting Paris nation’s birth, and it is also inseparable from the these days at their own expense; however, there historic memories of Great Britain. It is a day have been several officers through recently on when the thoughts of John Bull and Uncle Sam transfer or on official business. These included: converge. They remember their one-time conflict The Honorable Robert P. Skinner, newly ap¬ and then as quickly forget it again in the en¬ pointed Ambassador to Turkey; Consul Harold thusiasm of a new-born friendship. Shantz, on his way to Prague, to take charge “It might be of interest to my listeners to re¬ temporarily of the Legation there; Diplomatic call that the expression ‘John Bull’ is a personifica¬ Secretary Maurice L. Stafford; Consuls Leslie A. tion of the English people, doubtless derived from Davis and John J. Aleily; and Vice Consuls Arbuthnot’s ‘History of John Bull.’ The figure Thomas C. Wasson and Newbold Walmsley, Jr. contains elements suggestive of strength, prowess Exceptions to the list of official visitors were and permanence. John Bull of the Seventeenth Consul and Mrs. George R. Hukill, from Zurich, Century is credited by many as having been the who were in Paris on July 12, on their way to author of Britain’s Grand National Anthem. The the United States on home leave. figure of Uncle Sam is a jocular extension of the letters U. S. The imagery has significantly per¬ Consul John G. Erhardt, of Bordeaux, has sisted.” again distinguished himself in the golfing world H. M. W. by winning the “Prix Chapon” at the Bordeaux Golf Club, in a competition against bogey. TORONTO The finishing touches are rapidly being given AUGUST IS, 1933. to the Government Building in Paris and it ap¬ Upon the occasion of the departure of Consul pears likely that the new quarters will be occupied C. Paul Fletcher for duty in the Department, the early in September. staff of the Consulate General assembled in Con¬ sul General Sauer’s office on the morning of Au¬ To the great regret of his colleagues here, Con¬ gust 3, 1933, to present a little remembrance. Mr. sul Howard F. Withey left for his new post in Sauer gave an address praising Mr. Fletcher’s Tunis at the close of June. Before his departure, service spirit, efficiency and helpfulness during his he was presented with a souvenir of his service in nine years of service at Toronto, and, on behalf Paris by his friends in the Consulate General. of the entire staff, presented Mr. Fletcher with Mrs. Withey is remaining in Paris and will not a monogramed sterling silver cigarette box on join her husband until September. 3.38 VANCOUVER gan, to meet Shanghai alumni of the University of Michigan. The tiffin was at the home of Mr. AUGUST 1, 1933. Hsu, an official of the Chinese Government. Old-timers in Taiwan will learn with regret During the afternoon the American Chamber that J. W. Davidson, newspaper correspondent, of Commerce held a reception at the Columbia American Consul, and author of “Formosa: Past Country Club in honor of Mr. Murphy. At 6.30 and Present,” died at his home, 4810 Osier Ave¬ he was the guest of honor at a reception given by nue, Vancouver, British Columbia, on July 18, General Wu Teh-chen, Mayor of Shanghai. At 1933, after a prolonged illness. 8.15 a dinner was given in his honor by Consul For a number of years before his death Mr. General and Mrs. Cunningham. The Governor Davidson had traveled extensively as an organizer General’s party embarked for Manila at 12.30 of Rotary International. a. m., June 10. He is survived by his wife and daughter, both Traveling with the Governor General were Mr. resident in Vancouver. H.T.G. and Mrs. William Teahan, his sister and brother- in-law. Mrs. Teahan will act as hostess at the Governor General’s residence in Manila. AUGUST 7, 1933. GEO. V. ALLEN. A recent luncheon party at the home of Consul General and Mrs. Palmer included Governor AMOY Cross of Connecticut, Governor McNutt of Indi¬ ana and Mrs. McNutt, Miss Lucy M. Taggart of JULY 7, 1933. Indianapolis, and State’s Attorney L. S. Wynne On July Fourth, Consul Franklin was at home of Connecticut, returning from the annual meet¬ from 11.30 a. m. About 100 men of the local ing of the United States Executives’ Association Chinese and foreign community, including of¬ at San Francisco. ficials and “taipans,” called in spite of the warm R. F. H. weather. Needless to say they were given a warm welcome. The U. S. S. Fulton under the com¬ SHANGHAI, CHINA mand of Commander H. D. McHenry, moved up the harbor in front of the Consulate for the occa¬ JUNE 23, 1933. sion of making the noon salute particularly im¬ The Consulate General and the American com¬ pressive. An American plane, on its maiden munity in Shanghai had the pleasure recently of flight to inaugurate the mail route between Hong receiving the Honorable Frank Murphy, newly Kong and Shanghai, passed over the Consulate appointed Governor General of the Philippine at noon and circled in greeting as the salute was Islands, who passed through on June 9 en route fired. to Manila. Governor General Murphy is the During the afternoon a baseball match was most recent of a distinguished list of Governors played between the U. S. S. Fulton and a local General who have visited this city during past Japanese team on the beautifully turfed Amoy years en route to Malacanyan. During the term Recreation Field. The Fulton won 13 to 12 and at this post of the present Consul General, Mr. E. S. Cunningham, the number has included Gov¬ complimented the Japanese highly on their sports¬ ernors General Leonard Wood, Henry L. Stim- manship. son, Dwight W. Davis, and Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. The American Association under the direction During his shore stay in Shanghai, Governor of Vice Consul C. C. Sundell, president, gave a General Murphy was received most cordially by picnic supper in the Consulate grounds, attended American and Chinese officials and civic organi¬ by about 60 Americans. A tennis tournament on zations. Immediately after disembarkation, he the Consulate court, an improvised swimming received calls at the Consulate General from dele¬ tank for the children, croquet and a firecracker gates of the Philippine Islands who had proceeded display provided fun until supper time. At dark to Shanghai to welcome him, from Lt. Colonel the U. S. S. Fulton shot rockets and played the E. P. Moses, Commandant of the American searchlight on the flag in the Consulate grounds Marines in Shanghai; from representatives of the while the picnickers sang one stanza of the “Star U. S. Asiatic Fleet, the U. S. Court for China, Spangled Banner.” All then went on hoard the the Shanghai Consular Body, and from the Fulton for movies and late refreshments. A American Chamber of Commerce. heavy rainstorm broke before the time to go home, At noon he was the guest of honor at a tiffin in approved Glorious Fourth style. given by Mr. Jabin Hsu, his classmate at Michi¬ B. F. 339 HAMBURG July Fourth so that American citizens and others JULY 25, 1933. might call and place their names in the register. Ambassador William E. Dodd and party ar¬ Nearly 150 visitors called during the morning, in¬ rived at Hamburg on July 13 on the W. Wash¬ cluding many local officials and practically all the ington. They were welcomed by Dr. Merck and American citizens in the city. In the afternoon Amtmann Weber on behalf of the State of Ham¬ a reception was held at which were present ap¬ burg, and by Counselor of Embassy George A. proximately 150 guests. The annual baseball Gordon and Consul Lester L. Schnare. The party game between the American and South African proceeded at once to Berlin by train. teams was played on July 2 and resulted in a vic¬ tory for the colonial team by a score of 22-6. This year for the first time the American team consisted of only American citizens. Mr. R. Borden Reams, Vice Consul, pitched for the American team and Mr. Lawson, Automotive Trade Commissioner, also played.

SHEFFIELD, ENGLAND JULY 1, 1933. An official reception to Mrs. H. S. Waterman, wife of the new American Consul in Sheffield, was given on June 30 by Mrs. H. O. Ramsey, wife of the American Vice Consul in Sheffield. About 70 guests were present at the reception, MARGARET ELIZABETH SCHNARE, including the Lady Mayoress of Sheffield (Mrs. daughter of the American Consul at Hamburg and Mrs. Ernest Wilson), and the Mistress Cutler (Mrs. Schnare. (It looks suspiciously as if the young lady was A. N. Lee). eating the bread intended for the swan)

Consul General and Mrs. John E. Kehl, Ham¬ NAPLES burg, spent July taking the cure at Bad Brambach JULY 25, 1933. and at Oberhof, Thuringia. Consul and Mrs. John J. Meily spent a few weeks in France and Consul General and Mrs. John Ball Osborne, with their son and daughter, spent about ten days Vice Consul Malcolm C. Burke vacationed at Salzburg, Austria. in Naples while proceeding from Budapest to Washington, which will be their future home. The U. S. Coast Guard cutters Cayuga and During his stay, Consul General Osborne was Sebago, under Captain Randolph Ridgely, Jr., able to attend two of the Thursday luncheons of stayed five days at Hamburg in July in the course the officers of the staff of the Naples Consulate of a training cruise. The visit was classed as General. “unofficial,” but several informal entertainments were arranged. Vice Consul Thomas C. Wasson, who had been transferred from Puerto Cortes, Honduras, to Recent notable visitors at Hamburg included Naples, reported for duty on July 1. Consul General Monnett B. Davis and family, en route to Stockholm; Consul and Mrs. G. R. Vice Consul and Mrs. Homer M. Byington, Jr., Willson; Lieut.-Col. M. C. Shallenberger and reached Naples July 10, where Mr. Byington has family, en route to Vienna; Dr. John McMullen been assigned as vice consul. and Dr. and Mrs. Hugh DeValin, of the U. S. Public Health Service. Vice Consul John P. Palmer, recently trans¬ CONSUL JOHN H. BRUINS. ferred to Genoa, called at the Naples Consulate General on July 11. JOHANNESBURG Consul General Ernest L. Harris, of Vienna, JULY 12, 1933. who had crossed on the Conte Di Savoia after a In accordance with an old custom in Johannes¬ leave of absence in the United States, called at burg the Consulate was open on the morning of the Naples Consulate General July 15. Also 340 passengers on board the Conte Di Savoid were the Consul General and Mrs. Claude I. Dawson new Minister to Hungary, Mr. Montgomery, and entertained Commercial Attache and Mrs. Charles Mrs. Montgomery. A. Livengood, of Madrid, when they passed through Barcelona en route to their new post in Consul General Thomas M. Wilson was a Rome. passenger on the S. S. President Adams which called at Naples on July 15, and he attended a Vice Consul Merlin E. Smith, of Newcastle- dinner given that evening by Consul General and on-Tyne, was in Barcelona for several days in Mrs. du Bois. The other guests included the June enjoying old familiar sights and faces. He entire official staff of the Naples Consulate Gen¬ was stationed in Barcelona in 1930 and 1931. eral and their wives, and also Consul General Osborne and his family. During the week, July 8-12, Consul General Dawson made the regular official visit from the Congressman and Mrs. Anthony Griffin were Barcelona office to the island of Majorca for the passengers on the S. S. Excalibur which reached purpose of performing consular services for Naples July 24. Americans residing in the Balearic's. He made the acquaintance of many American citizens anx¬ Consul Bernard Gotlieb, recently assigned to ious to sign notarials, to apply for passports, or Messina, arrived in Naples July 24, with Mrs. just to talk, and he used his good influence in Gotlieb and their two children. trying to effect the release of five Americans held in prison in Palma. Mr. and Mrs. James S. Moose, Jr., passed D. M. B. through Naples July 24 on their way to Baghdad where Mr. Moose has been assigned as Third RETIREMENT OF ROBERT WOODS Secretary. C. P. Iv. BLISS Prior to his retirement from the Service on August 1, 1933, Ambassador Robert Woods Bliss BARCELONA addressed the following letter to the Acting Sec¬ JULY 13, 1933. retary of State and received from Mr. Phillips An old-time Fourth of July was celebrated this the reply which is printed below: year by the Barcelona Americans and their friends, “Dumbarton Oaks, Georgetown, at the Golf Club, with children’s competitions, “Washington, D. C. tea, a baseball game, a barbecue dinner, and a “JULY 12, 1933. dance all included in the schedule for the day. “The Honorable William Phillips, Consul General Claude I. Dawson presented the “Acting Secretary of State, winners' cups to the excited children, and through “Washington, D. C. his diplomatic handling of this business every child, both large and small, emerged with a glit¬ “MY DEAR MR. SECRETARY : tering silver cup, 43 in all. Prime prize for the “Under paragraph (d), section 25, of the Act ball game was two kegs of beer, invitingly on tap approved February 23, 1931, it is provided that if at the side of the field to quench the thirst of any Foreign Service officer shall have served for players and fans. At no time was the fate of the a period of 30 years he may be retired at his kegs’ contents in doubt—the only question was, own request. Having been appointed Consul at which team would foot the bill. With the able Venice on June 18, 1903, I have the honor to re¬ assistance of Consul Cecil M. P. Cross, who played quest that I be permitted to avail myself of that as catcher and who scored the first run on his provision of law, my retirement to take effect Au¬ side, Gwynn’s Yankees pulled out of a hole in the gust 1, 1933, 30 years from the date of my orig¬ ninth to win over Hill’s General Motors’ Giants inal oath of office. by a score of 11 to 10. Tea was served by Mrs. “It is with sincere regret that I feel myself Dawson, assisted by consular wives Mrs. Boyce obliged to withdraw from official work. I should and Mrs. Cross, and by Mrs. Rice, sister of Vice not have decided to do so had it not become es¬ Consul Braddock. The barbecue had the right sential for me to return to the United States to taste to the 161 people who sampled it. and helped attend to private matters requiring closer atten¬ set the stage properly for the lively dance that tion than it is possible to give them while residing followed. abroad. 341 “Despite the inevitable personal sacrifices in¬ “JULY 15, 1933. herent in professional nomadism and the resulting “The Honorable Robert Woods Bliss, problem created by protracted absence, I look “Dumbarton Oaks, Georgetown, back upon my 33 continuous years of Government “Washington, D. C. service with genuine satisfaction. The diplomat¬ ist in the field has as great an opportunity for the “DEAR MR. BLISS : development of perspicacity and of the essential “I have received your letter of July 12, with elements of character as is offered by any profes¬ reference to your proposed retirement from the sion; indeed, I might go further and say that no Foreign Service under the provisions of para¬ work demands more patience, tolerance, objec¬ graph (d) of section 25 of the Act of February tiveness and self-discipline. Even in the subor¬ 23, 1931, and expressing your regret at leaving dinate position of my first three years, spent in the Service. the Insular Government of Puerto Rico, I learned “You have already been notified that, in ac¬ several lessons that were to serve me usefully in cordance with your request, you would be retired Italy, France, Belgium, and Argentina, and the at the close of business July 31, 1933, and the de¬ so widely different temperaments of the Russians tails of the retirement have been communicated to you. and Swedes from those of the Latin races have contributed experiences of far-reaching value in “I wish to avail myself of this opportunity to the study of human nature and the laws and cus¬ extend to you my personal appreciation of the sentiments expressed in your letter and to say that toms by which it expresses itself under different it is with keen regret that I see you sever your skies. He would be of poor clay who could not connections with the Department. I trust that feel grateful for the privilege of serving his coun¬ your interest in the Department and the Foreign try through ripening thoughts, expanding knowl¬ Service may not be diminished by your retire¬ edge and enriching friendships on a background of ment from it after so many years of "faithful and invariable consideration shown him by successive valued service. Secretaries of State and the officers and personnel “With every good wish for your future well¬ of the Department, for which I desire to offer my being, I am, appreciative thanks. “Sincerely yours, “From the days of college intercourse, you and “(Signed) WILLIAM PHILLIPS, I have been associated in the same field of na¬ “Acting Secretary.” tional service, so it is not without full knowledge of your devotion to its best interests that I want The New York Times in its issue of August 3, to express here, most sincerely, my admiration 1933, made the following comment with respect for your unfailing disinterestedness. to Mr. Bliss' retirement: “Although I now lay down my own harness, it Ten years ago the nomination of Robert W. Bliss as will never be possible to sever the links which Minister to Sweden was said by The Times to furnish a good illustration of what the reorganization of the bind me to the State Department, nor to diminish foreign service should make possible—“the promotion my deep-rooted interest in the conduct of the of experienced and technically competent men, even if entering the consular service, to the highest diplomatic foreign relations of the United States. My as¬ “posts.” He had been appointed twenty years before as sociation with it has been too long and too close a consul in Venice. Soon he became Secretary of the for me not to follow with keen attention its future Embassy at Petrograd, and then moved on through sev¬ eral stations in Europe and South America, serving for development, to which I shall at all times he ready a time as an Assistant Secretary of the State Depart¬ to contribute in any way possible. ment, and finally attaining the rank of Ambassador. “If I have written more at length and more per¬ His career, in “professional nomadism,” as he called it, has shown the wisdom of combining the diplomatic sonally than is customary in an official communi¬ and consular services. Not only has this amalgamation cation of this nature, I beg your indulgence, for it proved an economical step, it has enabled each branch to is with considerable emotion that I bid the De¬ be of help to the other. Moreover, it has held men in the foreign service whom consular prospects would not partment of State farewell and, as the years grow alone have invited. The advance of Robert Skinner, shorter, turn my face in another direction. at one time Consul General in London, then Minister to Greece and now Minister to Turkey, is another support¬ “I have the honor to be, Sir, ing illustration of the value of this policy. Ambassador “Very respectfully yours, Bliss is the outstanding example, and it is to be regretted that, though he has earned the right to retire (haying “(Signed) ROBERT WOODS BLISS/’ served more than thirty years), this country is not to 342 have the continuing and cumulative advantages of his Mr. Peter was born in Saint Lucia, B. W. I., richly varied experience. It is reported that no other United States Ambassador in 1851, and his commission was signed by The in the last twenty years received such demonstrations of Honorable Hamilton Fish, Secretary of State in esteem by the Argentinians of all ranks. The American the Cabinet of President Ulysses S. Grant, during colony in Buenos Aires urged his reappointment. But it his first administration. is gratifying to know that since he is to retire, his suc¬ cessor Mr. Weddell, is a man of like experience, though During his long years of service, Mr. Peter not so extensive. Beginning as private secretary to the has met and entertained numberless prominent United States Minister to Denmark and serving as consul Americans, including ex-President Theodore in Zanzibar, as Consul General in Beirut, Athens, Cal¬ cutta, Mexico City and Montreal, and as a special Roosevelt. envoy on varied diplomatic errands, he too comes by the Mr. Peter’s profound and unfaltering interest consular steps into an ambassadorship. in, and loyalty to his Consular Agency work is As Ambassador Bliss demonstrated in his Argentinian inspiring, particularly as he is a British subject, experience, Buenos Aires is no longer remote from Washington. At the time of the revolution three years and not an American citizen, nor has he ever ago he had three conversations by telephone with the allowed anything to interfere with official calls State Department in the course of a single afternoon. upon his time and energy. One can be a “professional nomad” and yet not be out of hearing of one’s home country. Unfortunately in the fire which swept Castries in 1927 his old office was destroyed, but he was WILLIAM PETER able to save a few things, including a replica of the American Eagle, which now adorns the front Sixty Years of Service veranda of his private residence, and his Com¬ On January 8, 1933, William Peter, Esquire, of mission. Castries, Saint Lucia, completed 60 years as Mr. Peter enjoys the respect and affection of American Consular Agent at that port. This everyone in Saint Lucia, as well as that of anyone gives Mr. Peter the seniority in time of service who has been fortunate enough to come into per¬ over any other American Consular representative. sonal contact with him, and is widely known throughout the West Indies, where he is univer¬ sally popular. F. W. B. On August 8, 1933, the Secretary of State addressed the following letter of congratulation to Mr. Peter:

“MY DEAR MR. PETER: “I have noted that on January 8, 1933, you com¬ pleted your sixtieth year of service as American Consular Agent at St. Lucia, British West Indies, your appointment dating back to the administra¬ tion of President Grant and the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria. “You have seen amazing changes in the coun¬ try of your birth and in the country which you have served faithfully so long a time. I am sure that it has been a source of gratification to you to see the steady growth of friendly sentiment be¬ tween the two countries and to feel that you have had a part in this growth. “I desire to express my appreciation of your loyal and efficient services and to extend to you my best wishes for the future. “Very sincerely yours, “CORDELL HULL."

The Assistant to the Historical Adviser and Mrs. E. Wilder Spaulding have returned from a Photo from F. W. Baldwin short trip to Europe, where they divided their time WILLIAM PETER between Paris and Vienna. 343 FOREIGN SERVICE CHANGES Released for publication, August 5, 1933 Released for publication, July 22, 1933 The following changes have occurred in the The following changes have occurred in the Foreign Service since July 29, 1933. Foreign Service since July 15, 1933: Alfred D. Cameron, of Seattle, Wash., American Con¬ sul at Lourenco Marques, Portuguese East Africa, as¬ C. Porter Kuykendall, of Towanda, Pennsylvania, signed Consul at Johannesburg, Union of South Africa. American Consul at Naples, Italy, assigned American Consul at Cherbourg, France. Samuel G. Ebling, of Beliefontaine, Ohio, American Austin C. Brady, of Santa Fe, New Mexico. American Consul at Corinto, Nicaragua, assigned Consul at Lou¬ Consul at Edinburgh, Scotland, assigned American Con¬ renco Marques. sul at Nice, France. Robert Y. Jarvis, of Los Angeles, Calif., American Robertson Honey, of Scarsdale, New York, American Consul at Port-au-Prince, Haiti, assigned Consul at Consul at Nice, France, assigned American Consul at Asuncion, Paraguay. Calgary, Canada. The American Consulate at Corinto, Nicaragua, has Horatio T. Mooers, of Skowhegan, Maine, American been ordered closed effective September 30, 1933. Archives Consul at Cherbourg, France, assigned American Consul and records will be preserved at Managua. at Toronto, Canada. Norris B. Chipman, recently transferred to the Legation at Riga, Latvia, has been designated Third Secretary of Released for publication, August 12, 1933 Legation at Riga. Bertel E. Kuniholm, of Gardner, Mass., recently as¬ The following changes have occurred in the signed as American Vice Consul at Tallinn, Estonia, has Foreign Service since August 5, 1933 : been designated Third Secretary of Legation at Tallin and will serve in a dual capacity. Edwin Carl Kemp, of St. Petersburg, Fla., American Consul at Havre, France, assigned American Consul at Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada. Banking Service Non-Career Courtland Christiani, of Washington, D. C., American To Foreign Service Officers Vice Consul at Izmir, Turkey, appointed American Vice Consul at Curacao, Netherland West Indies. Obert R. Nelson, Jr., of Madison, Minn., American Vice Consul at Corinto, Nicaragua, appointed American Vice Consul at Cartagena, Colombia. The resignation of Arthur T. Flavin, of South Paris, With over forty-one years Maine, as American Vice Consul at Curacao, Nether¬ land West Indies, has been accepted. experience in banking and trust business, we offer every financial facility to those in the Foreign Released for publication, July 29, 1933 Service. The following changes have occurred in the Foreign Service since July 22, 1933: A banking connection in Wash¬ Henry A. W. Beck, of Indianapolis, Ind., American ington, D. C., with this Institu¬ Vice Consul at Hankow, China, assigned Vice Consul tion will be a source of satisfac¬ at Tsingtao. tion while on duty at a foreign Leonard G. Dawson, of Staunton, Va., American Con¬ post. sul at Veracruz, Mexico, assigned Consul at Munich, Germany. Robert D. Longyear, of Cambridge, Mass., American CSV, Consul at Munich assigned Consul at Edinburgh, Scot¬ land. Robert S. Ward, of Ohio. Language Officer, Amer¬ ican Legation at Peiping, China, assigned Vice Consul AMERICAN SECURITY at Tientsin, China. / » AND TRUST COMPAKY ~ j| Herbert O. Williams, of Sacramento, Calif., American Consul at Panama, Panama, assigned Consul at Vera 15th and Penna. Ave. Cruz, Mexico. Non-Career Four Branches Andrew E. McNamara, of Florida, American Con¬ Capital, $3,400,000 sular Agent at Caibarien. Cuba, resigned on June 30, Surplus, $3,400,000 1933, and Mr. Federico Causo has been appointed Act¬ ing Consular Agent. WASHINGTON’S LARGEST E. W. Fulcher, American Consular Agent at Bocas del Toro, Panama, resigned on June 10, 1933, and pend¬ TRUST COMPANY ing closing of the Agency Mr. H. W. Ponton has been designated Acting Consular Agent. 344 William C. Burdett, of Knoxville, Tenn., First Secre¬ tary of Embassy at Lima, Peru, designated First Sec¬ retary of Legation at Panama, Panama. Earl Thomas Crain, of Huntsville, 111., now Third Security (Steel) Lift Vans provide Secretary of Legation at Managua, Nicaragua, assigned unusual Safety and Convenience Vice Consul in addition to his diplomatic duties. Will L. Lowrie, of Chicago, 111., American Consul and are usually economical as well. General at Frankfort-on-the-Main, Germany, assigned Reduced packing costs, reduced to the Department of State for duty. freight expenses, lower insurance Charles W. Yost of Watertown, N. Y., American Vice Consul at Warsaw, Poland, has resigned from the premiums Service. Released for publication, August 19, 1933 Why Insure The following changes have occurred in the Foreign Service since August 12, 1933: Homer M. Byington, of Norwalk, Conn., a Foreign through the Security Storage Com¬ Service Officer now assigned to the Department of State, pany’s Insurance Department detailed as Foreign Service Inspector. Gerald A. Mokma, of Leighton, Iowa, American Vice in Washington? Consul at Nuevitas, Cuba, now in the United States, assigned Vice Consul at Antwerp, Belgium. Because the insurance will be written in Calvin H. Oakes, of Charleston, S. C., American Vice strong American companies. Consul at Genoa, Italy, now in the United States, as¬ signed Vice Consul at Kingston, Jamaica. Because the rates will compare favorably Orme Wilson, of New York City, a Foreign Service Officer now assigned to the Department of State, desig¬ with foreign rates. nated First Secretary of Embassy at Berlin, Germany. H. Merrell Benninghoff, of Rochester, N. Y., Ameri¬ Because the adjustment of losses on ship¬ can Vice Consul at Yokohama, Japan, assigned Vice ments to the U. S. A. will be handled Consul at Mukden, China. quickly and easily. Charles A. Cooper, of Humboldt, Nebr., American Vice Consul at Canton, China, assigned Language Officer Because it is only necessary to write for the at Tokyo, Japan. insurance. It will be bound from the date Monroe B. Hall, of New York City, American Vice Consul at Mukden, China, assigned Language Officer at requested and a bill will be sent with the Peiping, China. insurance certificate. Donald R. Heath, of Topeka, Kans., Second Secretary of Legation at Port-au-Prince, Haiti, assigned to the Because, as to the Special Government Department of State for duty. Service Policy all household and personal George R. Hukill, of Middletown, Del., American Con¬ effects, wherever located, and all baggage sul at Zurick, Switzerland, now in the United States, assigned Consul at Genoa, Italy. taken when travelling are insured against John G. Erhardt, of Brooklyn, N. Y., American Consul fire, burglary, theft, larceny, and trans¬ at Bordeaux, France, assigned Consul at Hamburg, portation hazards, in one policy. Germany. Non-Career And because we have been consistent adver¬ Maurice J. Chilton, of San Francisco, Calif., American tisers in the FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL. Vice Consul at Y'armoulh, Nova Scotia, has resigned from the Service, effective September 1, 1933. jSmiriffi J&oragp (JorajifliiB BIRTHS A daughter, Amarilice, was born on May 21, A safe depository for forty-three years 1933, at Montevideo, Uruguay, to Mr. and Mrs. FOR HOUSEHOLD GOODS, VALUABLES, Ralph Miller. Mr. Miller is Third Secretary of WORKS OF ART, FURS AND RUGS the American Legation at Montevideo. 1140 Fifteenth Street, Washington A son, Francis Joseph Wood, was born on July 15, 1933, at Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico, to Cable “Storage” Vice Consul and Mrs. Flarold C. Wood. European Office 31 Place du Marche St. Honore, PARIS A son, Bruce Flournoy, was born on July 24, 1933, at Guatemala, Guatemala, to Vice Consul Telegrams “Medium” and Mrs. William E. Flournoy, Jr. 345 rJrHE^MERICAN^OREIGN gERYICE JOURNAL

A son, Edmund Edwards, was born on June hotel at Ottawa while attempting to open a win¬ 10, 1933, at Bellavista (Lima), Peru, to Diplo¬ dow. Losing control he fell from the window and matic Secretary and Mrs. Garret G. Ackerson, Jr. injuries were so severe that he succumbed on Tuesday, August 15. Mr. and Mrs. Castle and the three children MARRIAGES were in Honolulu, where they had planned to re¬ Skinner-Bletcher. Miss Hazel Elizabeth main until the autumn. They were unable to at¬ Bletcher, of York, Pa., and Mr. Charles C. Skin¬ tend the funeral services held August 17 in Chi¬ ner, a member of the clerical staff at the Ameri¬ cago, where Alan’s parents are still living. Inter¬ can Legation at Managua, Nicaragua, were mar¬ ment took place at Arlington Cemetery in Wash¬ ried on June 1, 1933. ington on August 24.

IN MEMORIAM PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE ALAN FRANCIS WINSLOW In the lists of duties and stations of the United States Public Health Service, received since the AN APPRECIATION last issue of the JOURNAL, the following changes It is not often that an individual is both bril¬ in foreign posts have been noted: liant and colorful. Alan Winslow was admired Medical Director Dana E. Robinson. Relieved from for his brilliance in the Service and out, and loved duty at Chicago, 111., and assigned to duty in charge of for those qualities which made him picturesque. the Immigration Station at Montreal, Canada. July 11, His record in the Service, particularly before 1933. Senior Surgeon Grover A. Kempf. Directed to pro¬ he was hampered by bereavement and serious ill¬ ceed from Berlin, Germany, to Berne, Switzerland, and ness, is an enviable one. Serving with distinc¬ return, for the purpose of attending the meeting of the tion under Mr. Crain at Berne, Mr. Morrow at Second International Goiter Conference August 10, 11, Mexico, and Mr. Grew and Mr. Gibson at Berne, and 12. July 25, 1933. Medical Director Hugh De Valin. Relieved from duty Alan presented a splendid type of young Ameri¬ at Berlin, Germany, and assigned to duty at the Amer¬ can diplomat. Coming out of the Great War with ican Consulate, Naples, Italy. July 25, 1933. a brilliant record, Alan entered our Service with Passed Assistant Surgeon A. T. Morrison. Relieved from duty at Belfast, Ireland, and assigned to duty at an equipment of background, personal experience the American Consulate, Dublin, I. F. S. August 2, 1933. and native ability which combined to make him Surgeon Walter G. Nelson. Relieved from duty at outstanding. He worked with the enthusiasm of Ellis Island, N. Y., on August 23, and assigned to duty the soldier he had proved himself to be. He had in the Office of the American Consulate General, Berlin, suffered severely from injuries sustained as a Germany-. August 3, 1933. combat pilot and from confinement in war prisons. The absence, too, of bitterness after his war ex¬ periences, proved the genuine fortitude of which TOWNSEND HARRIS INSCRIPTION he was possessed. Mr. Joseph C. Grew, American Ambassador to Alan married in 1924 Miss Rosamond Castle, Japan, reports that he was recently requested to only child of Mr. and Mrs. William R. Castle, contribute an inscription commemorating the visit Jr. After three children were born to them, Mrs. of Townsend Harris to a temple in Izu on his Winslow died of pneumonia in 1932. As if this historic journey from Shimoda to Edo in 1857. bereavement were insufficient, Alan now began to There being no official post houses on the road feel the effects of former physical shocks, and from Shimoda until the Tokaido highway was was stricken with an illness which halted and reached, Townsend Harris was lodged at this hampered him. Obliged to give up the too active small village temple on the first night of the jour¬ work in which he was engaged for the Pan Amer¬ ney. The present abbot of the temple recently ican Airways, Alan returned to the Department wrote to the Embassy asking that the Ambassador last year as a drafting officer in the Division of write an inscription which would be carved into Western European Affairs. He remained there a commemorative monument and erected at the only a few months, because he could not resist temple. the call of the airways, and, believing his health An inscription in Japanese in the sense of the sufficiently improved to enable him to lead a more following was prepared with the kind aid of Mr. active life, Alan returned to Pan American. He Midori Komatsu, a prominent Japanese publicist, had just returned from a trio northeastward with who arranged for a skilled caligraphist to do the the Lindberghs, when he suffered a seizure in a writing: 346 “Townsend Harris, the first American Consul General and later Minister of the United States to Japan, stopped here on his way front Shimoda to Edo, November, 1857. The TYPEWRITER “Inscribed by order of Joseph C. Grew, Amer¬ ican Ambassador. May, 1933.” There is appended a translation of a letter of That is STANDARD thanks signed by the abbot and congregation of the temple. The Ambassador expresses the be¬ Throughout the World lief that the marking of this historic spot in this manner may contribute in some small way to friendship for America in Japan. Kawadzu-mura, Shizuoka Prefecture, JUNE 9, 1933. His Excellency, Mr. Joseph C. Grew, American Ambassador, Tokyo. Your Excellency has done great honor to the undersigned in favoring them with an inscription for a monument commemorating the visit to this humble temple by the first American Minister, Mr. Townsend Harris, on his way to Edo from Shimoda, and by donating a photograph of Your Excellency in response to the request of the su¬ perior priest of this temple. We, the undersigned, N the world’s centers of industry and com¬ are greatly impressed by the generosity and kind¬ I ness of Your Excellency in doing such favor to merce and in the isolated outposts of civiliza¬ us. The inscription will be made into a tablet or tion ... in the neighborhood store where you buy panel and put up at the front gate of this temple. your groceries and on ships that sail into unknown Your Excellency’s photograph will also be made seas . . . there is a standard of typewriter per¬ into a small tablet and lie kept in the alcove of the formance ... a standard that is summed up in room where the late Mr. Townsend Harris passed the name “Underwood Standard” and the machine one night at the time of his visit to this temple, thereby to perpetuate the memory of the late which bears that name. American envoy and the historic commencement The Underwood performance that is behind of the friendly relations between Your Excel¬ this standard . . . the ease of action and the neat¬ lency’s country and this country. ness of work, the durability and the freedom from We, the undersigned, believe that the kindness delays and repairs . . . this performance alone has of Your Excellency in having bestowed upon us earned for the Underwood Standard the position such great honor in complying with our humble of leadership that it enjoys throughout the world. request is an indication of Your Excellency’s sin¬ cere wish for the maintenance and further ad¬ vancement of the amicable relationship between TYPEWRITER DIVISION the United States and Japan, a cause for which UNDERWOOD ELLIOTT FISHER COMPANY we feel an unbounded happiness and gratitude. 1413 New York Avenue, N.W. We pledge our utmost respect to the memory of Washington, D. C. the late Mr. Townsend Harris and shall do our best to perpetuate his memory to the end of pro¬ SALES AND SERVICE EVERYWHERE motion of a happy relation between the two countries. The UNDERWOOD We hereby express our deep-felt gratitude and indebtedness to Your Excellency. STANDARD .... Model No. 6 TEIDO TSUBOI, Superior Priest of Jigan-In Temple. 347 he cut off the fourth finger of the left hand (known to the Chinese as the “No-name finger”), and gave it to them, saying, “Preserve this, for a T-l09£-m day will come when one will appear, lacking the fourth finger of the left hand, and then you will Promptly delivered around know that he, and he alone can complete the the corner or around bridge.” the world! Some 30 years later, a new governor was ap¬ pointed to Foochow and on seeing the unfinished piers in the Min River, was vividly reminded of something he had seen once before, and later, on WASHINGTON, D. C. PHONE NATIONAL 4278 entering the temple, explained, “Ah, this 1 know well, this was my home.” Whereupon the monks Main Store 1212 F Street N. W. showed him the finger which just fitted a vacancy 44 Years Satisfactory Service he had on the left hand, and on its immediately uniting, memory returned, and he realized he was OLIVER BISHOP HARRIMAN FOREIGN SERVICE SCHOLARSHIP The Advisory Committee of the Oliver Bishop Harriman Foreign Service Scholarship announces that the scholarship for the scholastic year 1933-34 has been awarded to Messrs. Robert B. Hawley and Edgar Donegan. As Mr. White, who has been chairman of the Advisory Committee for the past six years, has recently been appointed Minister to Czechoslo¬ vakia, he will be succeeded by the Honorable William Phillips, Under Secretary of State.

“FOOCHOW LONG BRIDGE” Photo from John Muccio The “Wan Shou Ch’iao” (Bridge of Ten THE LONG BRIDGE Thousand Ages), commonly known as “Foochow the reincarnation of the Abbot Pou Tou, and set Long Bridge” over the Min River at Foochow, about and completed the bridge. Hence a temple was built in the seventh year of the reign of the was built near the bridge in commemoration of Emperor Ta Te in the Yuan Dynasty, about 607 him, and it is still existing. years ago, or 1303 A. D. An interesting fact is that each of the arches The bridge is about 1,400 feet in length and 30 is under the care of a certain Fukien district, and feet in height from the river bed to the beam of whenever repairs are necessary to an arch, they the arch. It has all together 36 arches, three of are made by its respective district. which are larger than the rest to permit big ves¬ Under the fifth and largest arch and only ap¬ sels to pass through. This great work was done proachable by l>oat, there is built in the stone pier, by an Ablxtt known by the name of Pou Tou in the small temple of “Kou.” one of the wicked that Dynasty. This Abbot was respected by the gods. The supplicant, who usually wished the majority ot the people in Foochow, and lived in death of some enemy, after promising the god that a temple near the river side. He was so greatly he will pass the rest of his life in poverty takes affected by the sad sights of the frequent upset¬ the ashes of the incense sticks that he has there ting of boats and the death of people in the burned, and secretly places them in the clothing freshet, that he resolved to have a stone bridge of his enemy, who will then die within a week. built across the river, and he decided to have the “Ching Kan,” a god of great power, stood in work done at once. For 20 years, he went among stone some 15 miles further down on the south the people collecting money, but owing to the in¬ bank of the river. Great endurance was promised sufficiency of money, nothing was completed but the bridge, if he could be brought and placed as a the piers, when he realized that his time had come monument upon it. This was accomplished with to die. Calling a number of his monks to him, the exception of one leg, which is still to be seen 348 at its original abode, but unfortunately as soon mentioned by Marco Polo in his travels. It is as the god was placed upon the bridge, he crumbled still a mooted subject. away, and slipped into the water, in consequence “The Granite Leg referred to in the article of which the water is yellow to this day. still attracts the attention of travelers on steamers Nevertheless the bridge is indestructible, for passing up and down the beautiful Min River. the first to cross it was the lame beggar god, Li The Leg is some 15 miles below Foochow. Tih-guo. Li Tih-guo, one is apt unknowingly to “Crossing the bridge by motor car before it meet any day on the street, so it is always well was remodeled was one of the real thrills in to treat lame beggars graciously. Before his tran¬ China. The bridge was invariably jammed with sition into the beggar body. Li Tih-guo was a pedestrians, hearers of all sorts, chairs and rick¬ wonderfully handsome youth. He was an orphan shas. Since it was just a bit wider than a motor brought up by a very poor aunt to whom he was car, it was a tremendous scramble to get across. a great help. The lack of fuel for the fire in One felt constantly that it was inevitable that the the morning caused him to use his foot regularly, car would crash through into the swirling waters until discovered by his aunt, and thus being seen below. On account of the precarious condition by a mortal the foot really burned, and he went of the bridge and the disruption to pedestrians, lame ever after. He could wander about in a motor cars of Fukienese officials only were per¬ dream for a great length of time without eating mitted to use the bridge.”) anything. One day, he told his disciples, “Don’t bury my body, although it seems to he dead, and A 3.2 NON-QUOTA HUSBAND I will be back in five days.” When the time was An alien woman returning to the United States reached, they found that he had not yet awakened, on a Re-entry Permit, recently presented herself and supposed that he was dead, so they buried at the Naples Consulate General with a large and his dead body. rather inactive appearing husband and requested After many wanderings he came back and find¬ that the husband be examined “to see if he had ing that his Ixxly was duly buried, and that he too much alcohol in him to be admitted to the could not recover it, he became an immortal. United States.” The employe to whom the in¬ quiry was addressed spared the woman the all-too- (EDITOR’S NOTE: Consul John Muccio writes obvious reply as to the legal alcoholic content for that he found the above description of the Foo¬ a husband. chow Long Bridge in the files of the Consulate at C. B. H. Foochow. Apparently the author is not known to Mr. Muccio, hut in spite of certain editorial Wiley Post came into the Passport Division for changes which have been made it is apparent that a passport. He was not recognized. the composition is not that of an Occidental. In P. D. Official: “Where are you traveling, Mr. submitting the article Mr. Muccio makes the fol¬ Post?” lowing comments: Mr. Post: “Around the world.” “Dormant Foochow ‘old-timers’ could always P. D. Official: “How long do you expect to be be revived into spirited discussion by simply in¬ gone ?” quiring as to whether or not this was the bridge Mr. Post: “Oh, about four days.”

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349 ACES IN THE NEW DEAL and (4) the situation in foreign countries relating to prices paid to producers of the commodity and prices to (Continued from page 329) consumers of the products thereof.” or benefit payments are to be made. The Secre¬ tary is to determine and adjust any such tax A special agency for the protection of con¬ “at such rate as equals the difference between sumers has been set up in the organization which the current average farm price for the commodity is administering the act, and already the benefit and the fair exchange value of the commodity,” of its protection seems to have been felt in con¬ but not at so high a rate as to cause the accumu¬ nection with the price of bread, which has in¬ lation of surplus stocks through a reduction in creased only very moderately—just about as much the domestic consumption, and consequently a re¬ as is reported to have been necessary to cover the duction in the farm price of the commodity. The increase in the price of wheat plus the processing “fair exchange value” is defined as the price “that tax levied upon it. will give the commodity the same purchasing- Of course in legislation as complex as this power, with respect to articles farmers buy, as many detailed miscellaneous provisions and excep¬ such commodity had during the base period,” and tions were found necessary. Existing stocks are is to be “ascertained by the Secretary of Agri¬ specially dealt with, and there is exempted from culture from available statistics of the Depart¬ an)' processing tax production for home consump¬ ment of Agriculture.” tion or for charitable distribution. The Secre¬ The consumer is to be protected by the weapon tary of Agriculture may also exempt processing of publicity. Since the farm price of an agri¬ of products for sale by the producer where “the cultural commodity in a great many cases forms imposition of a processing tax is unnecessary to a surprisingly small portion of the cost of the effectuate the declared policy”; he may also ex¬ product purchased by the retail consumer—wit¬ empt the manufacture of any class of products ness, for instance, the cost of the wheat in a loaf “of such low value compared with the quantity of bread—it is thought that the processing taxes of the commodity used for their manufacture that need cause no more than a barely appreciable in¬ the imposition of the processing tax would pre¬ crease in price to the consumer, if he is protected vent in whole or in large part the use of the against unnecessary pyramiding and “profiteer¬ commodity in the manufacture of such products ing.” For his protection, it is provided that—- and thereby substantially reduce consumption and increase the surplus of the commodity”—a pro¬ “when any processing tax, or increase or decrease vision which calls for some concentrated atten¬ therein, takes effect in respect of a commodity the Sec¬ retary of Agriculture, in order to prevent pyramiding tion if one seeks to grasp its meaning. of the processing tax and profiteering in the sale of the To meet the situation where bona fide con¬ products derived from the commodity, shall make public such information as he deems necessary regarding (1) tracts made prior to and in effect at the time of the relationship between the processing tax and the price the first imposition of a processing tax prevent paid to producers of the commodity, (2) the effect of any processor, jobber, or wholesaler from adding the processing tax upon prices to consumers of products to his price the amount of the processing tax of the commodity, (3) the relationship, in previous periods, between prices paid to the producers of the com¬ levied against the product he has contracted to modity and prices to consumers of the products thereof, deliver, it is provided that so much of the tax as ALIEN PROPERTY CUSTODIAN CLAIMS and all other WAR CLAIMS in connection with confiscated properties by former allied or central governments Miscellaneous Collections here and abroad, New Financing. Funding of Debts. Re-organization of Foreign Firms, Incorporations under American Laws, Financial Investigations and Credit Information CARL M. J. von ZIELINSKI Foreign Trade and Financial Adviser 90 WALL STREET NEW YORK Cable Address: “Zielinski” All Standard Codes Used Agents and Correspondents in practically all parts of the world.

350 can not lie added to the contract price is to be with anxiety an attempt to restrict and reduce the levied upon the vendee. production of basic agricultural commodities, even Certain special provisions are of particular in¬ to the extent of offering payments in return for terest in connection with foreign commerce. The reduced production. The so evident illogic of such processing tax is levied upon the domestic proc¬ restriction when there are people in the world who essing ot the specified agricultural commodity must perforce go hungry and ill-clad is only too whether of domestic or foreign production. In dear. But the illogic is such only when the premises addition to this, when a processing tax is in ef¬ are not accurately perceived. Under a complete re¬ fect, a compensating tax of equal amount is to arrangement of our economic system, involving he levied upon imports of any articles processed drastic changes in the daily habits of the many or manufactured wholly or in chief part from the millions of the population, a more straightfor¬ same commodity as that to which the processing ward method could perhaps be chosen, by which tax applies. The intent of this is of course to set the restriction of production might be avoided. the domestic and the foreign processors on an But nothing seems more clear about the New equal footing in the domestic market in respect Deal than that it is an attempt to build upon the of the processing tax. Somewhat less readily existing economic system, to readjust it to a work¬ perceived is the situation in respect of which an ing balance with no more change than is necessary other type of compensating tax on imports is pro in the accustomed daily habits and institutions of vided for—that, namely, in which the processing the vast majority of the people. With this in tax on one commodity sets the processors at a dis¬ mind, account must be taken of the enormous ac¬ advantage in competition from competing commo¬ cumulated stocks of agricultural commodities, the dities “by reason of excessive shifts in consump¬ continued existence of which continues to prevent tion between such commodities or products there¬ the return of farm prices to such a level as will of." W hen, after investigation and due notice and restore to the farming population a more equitable opportunity for hearing to interested parties, the share in the national income—one of the essen¬ Secretary of Agriculture finds such a situation to tial prerequisites to the restoration of balance to exist, he is to proclaim his finding, specifying the our existing pecuniary economic system; there¬ commodity and the rate of tax to be levied on the after we may hope to look forward to the immense first domestic processing of the competing com¬ increase possible in the amount of the national modity, but not in excess of the tax imposed income under renewed activity, when balance has "per equivalent unit, as determined by the Secre¬ been restored and is retained. tary, upon the basic agricultural commodity.” The act is professedly of an emergency char¬ This situation may be clarified somewhat by acter, and is to last only for the emergency, for the observation that hearings have been held with Title 1 is to cease to be in effect “whenever the reference to the question of imposing a processing President finds and proclaims that the national tax on jute—which is of course not commercially economic emergency in relation to agriculture has produced in the United States—in compensation been ended; and pending such time the President for the processing tax established on cotton. shall by proclamation terminate with respect to An exporter of products, the processing of any basic agricultural commodity such provisions which has l>een subjected to a processing tax, is of this title as he finds are not requisite to carry¬ entitled to refund of the amount of tax paid, or ing out the declared policy with respect to such such products may be manufactured under bond commodity.” for export without paying the tax. It is all essentially authorization to the Secre¬ A great deal of activity has already been tary of Agriculture to use any or all of a variety launched in the application of this rather stu¬ of methods laid down to effectuate the declared pendous legislation, but even if one were rash policy, and he is given wide discretion in the ex¬ enough to make the attempt, it is still too early ercise of that authority. In a message that ac¬ to seek to suggest how it is going to work out. companied the presentation to Congress of the Lack of space likewise prevents a discussion of 1 bill—which in respect of Title I was little changed the relation of this act to the recent international on its way to enactment—the President said, negotiations for the purpose of limiting the world production of wheat. A few words may perhaps “Deep study and the joint counsel of many points of be spared, however, to meet the misgivings of view have produced a measure which offers great promise those who, having been brought up to give serious of good results. I tell you frankly that it is a new and untrod path, but I tell you with equal frankness that respect to the Law of Diminishing Returns and to an unprecedented condition calls for the trial of new the doctrines of Thomas Malthus, can only regard means to rescue agriculture. 351 rjTHE^MERICAN p OREIGN gEKVICE JOURNAL

“If a fair administrative trial of it is made and it does some cases in those presented by war and revo¬ not produce the hoped-for results, I shall be the first to lution. acknowledge it and advise you.” “The second circumstance enhancing the unique And lest it be feared that the measure may character of the Album is its construction by an fail of its object because of the very magnitude establishment which has some right to claim suc¬ thereof, and for lack of adequate resources, men¬ cession to one of the earliest and most successful tion may be made of the provision in it whereby printeries of the Renaissance, and by the use in “the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary it of a number of decorative motifs drawn from of the Treasury shall jointly estimate from time plates made early in the development of the typo¬ to time the amounts” currently required for the graphic art. This concern holds the exclusive purposes of the act, and “the Secretary of the license from the City of Antwerp for the use of Treasury shall, out of any money in the Treasury the very extensive collection of original plates of not otherwise appropriated, advance to the Secre¬ the Plantin-Moretus Museum, certain of which tary of Agriculture the amounts so estimated.” have been reproduced in the preparation of this Album. Especial thanks are due Mr. J. E. Busch- mann, the head of the establishment referred to, PRESENTATION OF ALBUM for the interest he has taken in the preparation (Continued from page 322) of the Album in addition to the fine skill shown tion, affection and respect. May it also be to you by him in arranging its artistic details.” an expression of our concurrence in and loyalty The following is a description of the several to the exalted ideals of public duty which you motifs and separate drawings used in the Album, have exemplified in your career and have caused drawn from data furnished by Mr. Buschmann: to be made a patent and potent factor in the “The typographical ornamentation of this Al¬ development of the American Foreign Service.” bum may be said to date back in the main to that The following appears in the back of the book: early period when the art of typography was in Notes on Preparation and Contents the full of its youthful spirit, and had attained its greatest heights of development; namely, in “The preparation of this Album has incidentally the XVIth and XVIIth Centuries.” involved making use of two circumstances which Prefacing the composition as a whole, there is fortuitously enough lend to the completed work a reproduced on the first page, after the ancient character which, in point of distinctiveness, is manner, a Frontispiece chosen to symbolize the readily suggestive of the unique occasion it com¬ United States of America. This was taken from memorates. an infolio volume entitled “Pads Antesignanisive “The first of these is the wide distribution of leones Legatorum ad Pacem Universalem Consti- those who were to join in personally signing the tuendam” (Portrait of the Delegated from the Album, and the consequent necessity of sending it Elaboration of Universal Peace), published by on a course of travel which would embrace prac¬ Ph. Bouttats, Sr., at Antwerp in 1691. On the tically all parts of the inhabited globe. next page, in a framework borrowed from the “The question of successively obtaining the same volume is the dedicatory text of the Album. signatures of approximately 1.300 persons, scat¬ This text replaces the portrait of Baron August tered as are the members of the Foreign Service, Adolf von Trautorf, Ambassador of His High¬ presented no mean problem in itself, but this was ness the Elector of Saxony, which in the original happily solved by sending separate sheets to occupies the space within the frame. On the suc¬ groups of officers in certain selected areas. To ceeding page is a mounted jewel ornamentation, have done otherwise would have exposed the Al¬ of which the plate was cut by J. C. Mallia in bum to considerable risk and at the same time 1757, and which is repeated on the reverse of a would have resulted in prolonged delay in the number of subsequent pages. completion of the work. The following remarks were made by the “The pages thus were started on their way from speakers at the time the volume was presented: Antwerp in early June, 1932, and the broad ex¬ Consul General Thomas M. Wilson: tent of their journeying in a sense makes the Al¬ “Mr. Secretary, Mr. Carr, gentlemen and ladies: bum the most widely traveled book ever produced. As the very recently chosen chairman of the Ex¬ These sheets may be regarded as symbolizing the ecutive Committee of the American Foreign Serv¬ Foreign Service itself in that, like the members of ice Association, it is a very great pleasure to me that Service, individually considered, they have today to call upon Mr. Weddell, whom the Presi¬ seen the world in all its varying aspects, even in dent, as you know, has so happily chosen to rep- 352 resent us as Ambassador to the Argentine, to AN AMERICAN INSTITUTION make Mr. Carr a presentation of a volume that expresses the really high esteem and deep affection IN FOREIGN SERVICE of every member of the Foreign Service.” Providing Rapid, Dependable Transport for Passengers, Express, and Mail Under Contract to the United States and Foreign Governments, Between Ambassador Alexander W. Weddell: North America and 32 Countries and Colonies of the Western Hemisphere. "Fellow members of the Foreign Service As¬ sociation : 1 am very sensible of the privilege that has come to me in being allowed to present this volume. But before i make any references to the quivering victim, I want to say a word about the book itself. It was initiated by Mr. Marion Letcher and a group of his close friends and takes the form of a real volume of affection and ad¬ miration. It contains the dedicatory portion, which is very carefully and beautifully written, and that is followed by the signature of over one thousand members of the Foreign Service, rang¬ ing from Ambassadors to our youngest men in the Service. The book itself, quite apart from what it commemorates, is of very positive inter¬ est and value. I made one or two brief notes concerning it and hope some of you will have an opportunity to look it over. “First of all, it is due to the initiative of Mr. Marion Letcher, our Consul General at Antwerp. It is almost a year late to a day. It should have arrived in time to commemorate Mr. Carr’s for¬ /TMTEKIC/TY fy*^SKRHTTYS SYSTEM tieth anniversary of entry into the service. Un¬ EXECUTIVE OFFICES fortunately—and revolutions have played a part J. T. TRIPPE 135 East 42nd Street EVAN E. YOUNG in it—it is only now we have the volume before President NEW YORK CITY Vice-Pret. in Chorge Foreign Dept. us. It arrived late last night or early this morn¬ ing and this is the first occasion we had for the a long period of years, I think other tongues more presentation. The work itself—its binding—is eloquent than mine have already spoken. “In closing these remarks I want to refer to the a production of a great Flemmish artist. The eloquent page of Edmund Burke, in which he re¬ sheets are hand bound. It was hand illuminated ferred to the fact that in the portrait of a good by one of the greatest artists in Belgium, and citizen, one would find a man who brought to the while the plates—this, I think, has a very special service of the commonwealth those characteristics value—are found in the Plantin Museum at Ant¬ which are lovely in private life. I think Mr. Carr werp, a great medieval print shop, the firm who has done that in unlimited measure with his cour¬ made the book—Buschmann, outstanding printers age and patience and vision. I think it has meant of Belgium—have a monopoly from the Govern¬ a great deal to every man in the Service who has ment on these plates. So wherever you see them been brought into contact with him. I am very in the volume they really represent reproducing happy indeed to present this volume to him. The of plates first used in the 17th or possibly the facts set forth therein, I beg you to believe, will 16th century, when the development of the print¬ never diminish or grow pale.” ing craft was reaching its fine flower. Assistant Secretary Wilbur J. Carr: “Now, in regard to our victim, it seems to me “Mr. Secretary, Mr. Weddell: You have over¬ that Mr. Carr stands here a kind of modern St. whelmed me by this mark of your esteem. I am Sebastian to receive our barbs, barbs tipped with sure you do not expect me to make much of a affection and feathered with admiration. I would reply. I can not under the circumstances. About like to say a personal word about Mr. Carr, what the most I can say is that I assure you of my his help and inspiration meant to me, but perhaps deep gratitude, and I pledge to you whatever f that is too intimate, and I reserve those for Mr. can continue to give for the benefit of the Service Carr’s own ears. With regard to his own stand¬ and the benefit of the Department. That is about ing in the service and what this has meant over as much as I can say.” 353 RECEIPTS Balance brought forward $16,771.29 Dues $4,893.00 Qjour SHOPPING... Interest 496.59 W c kno w all the NewY ork shops, their mer=» For Honor Roll Memorial chandise, styles and economical ways to buy. Tablet 256.00 We will shop with you when in NewYork, or Repayment of advance on will purchase and ship to you. Members ol account of Memorial the Foreisn Service are finding our shopping bureau convenient. Send for our literature. Tablet 78.02 Repayment of loan to WlTconZ MRS. LEWIS MIDDLETON member 250.00 7 = 168 3 366 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.y. Funds received merely for transmission 204.60 Payment stopped on check. 10.00 On account of advance for ANNUAL REPORT flag presented to Secre¬ (Continued from page 332) tary Stimson 9.00 The Association gave two luncheons of a more For checks dishonored and formal character, one in honor of the retiring held for collection 83.00 Secretary of State, the Honorable Henry L. Stim- For exchange .25 son, and one in honor of the new Secretary of $6,280.46 State, the Honorable Cordell Hull. 6. Presentation of Flag to Mr. Stimson. Upon $23,051.75 being informed that there was on foot in the De¬ partment a plan to present to the retiring Secre¬ EXPENDITURES tary of State, the Honorable Henry L. Stimson, American Foreign Service Journal. . . $4,210.00 the official flag in silk of the Secretary of State Clerical assistance 366.00 and upon request that the Association contribute Flowers 66.54 to the purchase of the flag the sum of $100. the Printing 46.00 Executive Committee approved such contribution To replace check upon which payment by the Association and steps were taken to obtain stopped 10.00 the necessary authorization from the members of Stamps 11.00 the Association on duty in Washington. The Tax on checks .96 members of the Executive Committee were pres¬ Rent of safe deposit box 4.40 ent at the presentation of the flag to Mr. Stimson, American Foreign Service Scholarship who was deeply appreciative of this token of the Fund: esteem of the Association and the personnel of Bonds $4,939.15 the Department of State. Interest 37.50 7. Association Finances. In considering at Balance 60.85 various times during the year the financial con¬ 5,037.50 dition of the Association, the committee decided Bonds purchased $7,827.50 that it would be advisable to invest $8,000, pre¬ Accrued interest 115.97 viously held in the savings account of the Associa¬ Commission 8.13 tion, in United States Government bonds. Such 7,951.60 purchase was authorized at the meeting of the Funds transmitted 204.60 Executive Committee on November 17, 1932, and Exchange .25 the Association now holds United States Treas¬ Loan to member 250.00 ury Bonds, 3 1/8, due 1949, callable 1946, par Telegrams 2.98 value $8,000. Framing pictures 5.00 Checks returned 93.00 Statements of receipts and expenditures of the Association’s contribution toward cost American Foreign Service Association for the of flag presented to Secretary period July 1, 1932, to June 30, 1933, and of as¬ Stimson 100.00 sets and liabilities as of the latter date are given Advance on account of flag presented below: to Secretary Stimson 36.67 354 Honor Roll Memorial Tablet: Architectural services... $275.00 Sewing veil 1.00 WASHINCTON HALL Painting 143.00 Model for flag pole bases 65.00 An American Bronze bases for flag ELEMENTARY & PREPARATORY SCHOOL poles 130.00 in Brussels The Tablet 977.75 Flags /8.02 An American school—in curriculum, text-books Express on flag staflfs. . . .62 and teaching staff—offers the advantages of a 1,670.39 good European location. Boarding pupils enjoy a spacious house and extensive garden.

Total $20,066.89 Students chunge to schools in America in corre¬ Balance: sponding grades, or enter college as from an Savings account $2,680.45 American high school. Art, French, Theory of Checking account 149.24 Music, Gymnastics, Swimming, are included in On hand 155.17 the regular fees—which are very reasonable. 2,984.86 The principal is an experienced teacher who has spent several years abroad for the State Depart¬ $23,051.75 ment and the Department of Commerce. The To the sum indicated above—$1,670.39—as school is well known to the Foreign Service having been spent on Memorial Tablet, should be Officers in Belgium. added $68.50 expended in previous year for multi¬ graphing work, envelopes, receipt lrook, stamps, ROBERT J. SCOVELL, Principal etc., making a total expenditure of $1,738.89. The Washington Hall, 159 Avenue Longchamp contributions have totaled $1,745.50. BRUSSELS. BELGIUM NOTE: The Association has in a safe deposit box in the American Security and Trust Com¬ pany eight U. S. Treasury 3 1/8 1946-49 Bonds, votions when she believes the demon is exorcised, par value, $8,000. she again assumes the ordinary cap. The bride¬ STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILI¬ groom wears a hat ornamented with flowers and TIES AS OF JUNE 30, 1933 ribbons and the bride a huge diadem made of ASSETS flowers, fruits and ribbon, symbolic of joy and Cash on hand $2,984.86 fruitfulness. Eight U. S. Treasury Bonds, market Many strange and interesting customs still ob¬ value 8,000.00 tain in the far-away villages, especially where Dues in arrears 179.00 there are communal houses presided over by the Balance due on account of advance for Stariechina, or chief, the oldest man. A dozen flag presented to Secretary Stimson 27.67 Easter eggs, decorated in colored symbols and set Loan to member 250.00 into a plate of carved wood, are offered on Easter Sunday with bread and salt to the 12 oldest men Total assets $11,441.53 of the village, who eat them, there and then. LIABILITIES These men symbolize the 12 Apostles, and the Unpaid bill $1.50 eggs, if ornamented with oak leaves, express a Bv balance 11,440.03 wish that the old men will be rejuvenated and as resistant as the oak itself. Many of the eggs are $11,441.53 first covered with wax and then beautifully de¬ MAXWELL M. HAMILTON, signed like batik. Secretary-T reasurcr. A turn of the kaleidoscope and the old Zagreb on Kaptol Heights, with its impressive Cathedral KALEIDOSCOPIC IMPRESSIONS OF and Archepiscopal Palace, St. Mark's Church, so ZAGREB old that no one knows when or by whom it was (Continued from page 327) built, the Stone Gate and the Chapel of the Vir¬ wears a head dress embroidered in evil eyes, gin. saved when all else was demolished by fire in green or black, and after a series of ritualistic de- 1674, where now the poor and distressed burn 355 votive candles and implore help each day—all dis¬ appear in the mists of years. The Zagreb of to¬ day lies before us, a modern city founded upon the culture and traditions of the old. with a popu¬ lation of almost 200,000. up-to-date hostelries and re taurants, a new industrial section, and even a square named at the time of the Bicentennial in honor of George Washington. ()n summer nights thousands of lights gleam from the heights where lovely villas nestle among gardens and vineyards. The gay, pleasure-loving populace promenades through the chief streets and parks or stays until the wee small hours in the cafes or dances on the hotel terraces one of which accommodates 2.000 persons. Quite an¬ other picture presents itself in winter. 1 hen come forth the skiis and sleds; sleigh bells tinkle over the countryside; on the lakes and ponds, and even on the tennis courts and hotel terraces, converted for the time into skating rinks, youth and old age alike make merry. Time is still of little importance in this gate¬ way to the East.

EXCHANGE ANNOUNCEMENT Photograph by W. Robert Moore. (Continued from page 323) The Hartford Couravt, in an editorial entitled Visiting a Torii at Koyasan Monastery “The Pay of the Foreign Service,” commented as follows in its issue of August 5: The Geographic Wants Facts "The decision of the State Department to adjust the pay of members of the foreign service to the quotations What were your first and striking impres¬ of the dollar in other countries is welcome. Like other sions in a strange country ? Perhaps i federal employes, the members of the foreign service have had their salaries reduced 15 percent. In most cases, their was the stature of the people or the width allowances for lodging and necessary entertainment have of a city’s sidewalks! These are “mere” been even more drastically cut. While the United States facts, but such human-interest informa¬ remained on the gold standard and the dollar was quoted tion about the lands you visit is of intense at par abroad, it was not unjust that the members of the foreign service be asked to take their share of the interest to your countrymen at home. economy act. But when the country abandoned the gold standard, and the dollar went sharply down in terms of Through your pen and camera you can all foreign currencies, particularly those that are stiil share with The Geographic’s eager read¬ tied to gold, the lot of American officials abroad became ers your observations of the post in which as hard as that of Gilbert’s policeman. “The State Department has wisely determined that the you are stationed. You are invited to burden of its officials abroad is, in the circumstances, un¬ submit your articles and photographs for just. In the future, adjustments will he made so that consideration. You will receive liberal the purchasing power of the officials will correspond to remuneration for all material accepted the nominal gold value of the dollar. Although such a course will increase to some extent the cost of maintain¬ and you will have the satisfaction of ing our representatives abroad, it is no more than just knowing that you are contributing to that the Government assume the burden which our going mutual understanding among mankind. off the gold standard has placed on the individual mem¬ bers of the consular, diplomatic and commercial services Why not write for our booklet detailing abroad.” the kind of photographs desired? Mr. Loy W. Henderson, now assigned to the Division of Eastern European Affairs, underwent The National Ceographic Magazine an operation for appendicitis on July 25 at the GILBERT GROSVKNOR, Litt.D., LL.D., Editor Naval Hospital in Washington. His friends will Washington, D. C. be glad to know that he has fully recovered. 356 INSURANCE SERVICE ANNUITIES

AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION

ANNUAL REPORT FOR FISCAL YEAR ENDED FEBRUARY 28, 1933 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS Receipts Disbursements Balance brought forward $18,307.67 Premiums paid Equitable Life Assur¬ Premiums 26,083.57 ance Society $25,609.02 Dividend year ended February 28, 1932. 6,299.00 Clerical assistance •. 615.00 Repayment of loan to widow of de¬ Loan to widow of deceased member.... 500.00 ceased member 500.00 Funds transmitted for members 200.00 Interest 463.22 Premiums refunded 138.75 Funds received for transmission 200.00 Checks protested 102.10 Refunds: Audit fee 50.00 Protested checks 102.10 Printing and stationery 44.75 Exchange on foreign checks .20 Bond of Secretary-Treasurer 12.50 Telegrams 3.22 $51,955.76 Tax on checks -44 Balance carried forward 24,679.98 $51,955.76

STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES Assets Liabilities Cash on hand $24,679.98 Reserve fund $18,338.14 Premiums due 2/28/33 but not received 2,374.00 Held for premiums due 3/1/33 6,476.25 Current fund 2,239.59

$27,053.98 $27,053.9S

Members March 1, 1932 328 Deceased and disability 5 Additions during year 32 Withdrawn and retired 12

360 17 Total members March 1, 1933 343 Net increase for the year 15 Total amount of insurance in force March 1, 1933.. $1,727,000 Insurance claims: March 1, 1932-February 28, 1933 $29,000 Ransford S. Miller $10,000 William J. Grace $5,000 Jay C. Huston 7,000 Bernard F. Hale 4,000 William P. Garrety (total disability) $3,000

JAMES B. STEWART JOSEPH E. JACOBS President Secretary-Treasurer J. ALAN MAPHIS, Insurance Adviser HARRY A. HAVENS, Assistant to Secretary-Treasurer The American Foreign Service Association

The American Foreign Service Association is an unofficial and voluntary association of the members of The Foreign Service of the United, States. It was formed for the purpose of fos¬ tering esprit de corps among the members of the Foreign Service, to strengthen service spirit and to establish a center around which might be grouped the united efforts of its mem¬ bers for the improvement of the Service.

Honorary President CORDELL HULL Secretary of State

Honorary Vice-Presidents WILLIAM PHILLIPS Under Secretary of State WILBUR J. CARR Assistant Secretary of State RAYMOND MOLEY Assistant Secretary of State HARRY F. PAYER Assistant Secretary of State JEFFERSON CAFFERY Assistant Secretary of State

NORMAN ARMOUR President CLARENCE E. GAUSS Vice-President MAXWELL M. HAMILTON Secretary-Treasurer

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE THOMAS M. WILSON, Chairman; J. P. MOFFAT, Vice Chairman; W. A. FOOTE, J. E. JACOBS, H. V. JOHNSON Alternates: H. S. BURSLEY G. R. MERRELL, JR.

Entertainment Committee: A. DANA HODGDON, Chairman; JEFFERSON PATTERSON and GEORGE R. MERRELL, JR.