Heron Bay Area

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Ontario Geological Survey

Northern Ontario Engineering Geology Terrain Study 60

HERON BAY AREA

(NTS42D/NE) District of Thunder Bay

John F. Gartner and D.F. McQuay

1979

Ministry of Ministry of Natural Northern Resources Affairs Ontario Hon. James A.C. Auld Hon. Leo Bernier Minister Minister Dr. J. K. Reynolds Art Herridge Deputy Minister Deputy Minister

OMNR-OGS1979 Printed in Canada

THIS PROJECT WAS FUNDED BY THE ONTARIO MINISTRY OF NORTHERN AFFAIRS AND IS MANAGED BY THE ONTARIO MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES

Publications of the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and price list are available through the Map Unit, Public Service Centre, Room 6404, Whitney Block, Queen©s Park, Toronto, and the Ontario Government Bookstore, 880 Bay Street, Toronto.

Orders for publications should be accompanied by cheque or money order payable to the Treasurer of Ontario.

ISSN 0709-4671 ISBN 0-7743-4336-2

Parts of this publication may be quoted if credit is given. It is recommended that reference to this report be made in the following form:

Gartner, John F. 1979: Heron Bay Area (NTS 42D/NE), District of Thunder Bay; Ontario Geological Survey, Northern Ontario Engineering Geology Terrain Study 60, 15p. Accompanied by Map 5093, scale 1:100 000.

CONTENTS

Page 1.0 Introduction...... l 2.0 Geological Setting ...... 2 2.1 Bedrock...... 2 2.2 Quaternary...... 3 3.0 Engineering Terrain Units ...... 4 3.1 Bedrock...... 4 3.1.1 Description ...... 4 3.1.2 Significance ...... 4 3.2 Glaciofluvial Landforms ...... 5 3.2.1 Description ...... 5 3.2.2 Significance ...... 6 3.3 Glaciolacustrine Landforms...... 7 3.3.1 Description ...... 7 3.3.2 Significance ...... 8 3.4 Alluvial and Organic Landforms...... 10 3.4.1 Description ...... 10 3.4.2 Significance ...... 10 4.0 Summary of Engineering Significance ...... 10 5.0 References...... 13

TABLE l Summary of engineering significance...... 12

MAP (accompanying report)

Map 5093 (coloured) - Northern Ontario Engineering Geology Terrain Study, Data Base Map, Heron Bay (NTS 42D/NE). Scale 1:100 000.

Northern Ontario Engineering Geology Terrain Study 60

HERON BAY AREA

(NTS42D/NE)

District of Thunder Bay

John F. Gartner1

1.0 INTRODUCTION:

This report contains an inventory of regional engineering terrain condi tions in the Heron Bay area, District of Thunder Bay. The area, which covers NTS block 42D/NE, lies between Latitudes 48030©N and 49000©N and Longitudes 86000©W and 87000©W. This report forms part of a series of publications which provide similar terrain data for some 370 000 km^ of northern Ontario.

The purpose of the mapping is to provide a guide for engineering and resource planning functions at a level of detail consistent with a scale of 1:100 000. The terrain information is contained on the Data Base Map (OGS Map 5093, accompanying this report).

Interpretation of existing black and white aerial photographs, at scales of approximately 1:54 000, was the primary method of obtaining this ter-

1 Consul ting Engineering Geologist, Gartner Lee Associates Limited, Markham, Ontario. Manuscript approved for publication by the Chief, Engineering and Terrain Geology Section, June 13, 1979. This report is published with the permission of E. G. Pye, Director, Ontario Geological Survey. rain information. The interpretation was checked with published and un published literature which documented previous field visits and observa tions. During the summer of 1978, roads in the area were traversed and observed terrain conditions recorded as further verification of the office studies. Thus, the map represents a reconnaissance overview of the en gineering conditions of the terrain.

An engineering terrain legend was developed to facilitate the mapping and to provide a common information base for the entire map series. This legend is shown on the accompanying Data Base Map. Further in formation on the mapping techniques, legend format, and possible uses of this information is available in the "Ontario Engineering Geology Terrain Study Users© Manual" (Gartner, Mollard, and Roed, in prepara tion), a companion publication to this series of maps and reports.

2.0 GEOLOGICAL SETTING:

2.1 BEDROCK:

Massive and rugged bedrock hills dominate the landscape along the north shore of Lake Superior. Relief in excess of 150 m is common, and slopes on the sides of the hills are complex and steep. The view over the lake from some of these hills is of unusual beauty.

The Port Coldwell alkalic complex, located between the Pic and Little Pic Rivers on the north shore of Lake Superior, is about 325 km^ in area. As such, it is one of the largest occurrences of this type of complex in northwestern Ontario. Mafic igneous rocks form the rim of this com plex (Carter et al. 1973;Milneetal 1972).

Severely faulted metasediments and metavolcanics form a belt about 12 km wide along the shoreline, from McKellar Harbour to Jackfish Bay. These same rock types are found along the Pic River and Black River, but in these areas they are largely covered by glaciolacustrine deposits.

The remainder of the map area is underlain by felsic igneous and meta morphic rocks. The alkalic complex has medium potential for the occurrence of uranium and the rare earth elements, with "marked radioactivity" being noted in parts of the body (Springer 1978). An area, roughly corresponding to the mafic igneous rocks which form the rim of the alkalic complex, has a high potential for base and platinum metals. Mineral potential of the metasediments and metavolcanics is rated as medium, particularly for the base and platinum metals, while that of the felsic igneous rocks is rated as least to unknown.

2.2 QUATERNARY:

The map-area has been significantly affected by glaciolacustrine and glaciofluvial processes during the last 10,000 years. Varved silt and clay occur in valleys far inland from Lake Superior, while other valleys are filled with sand and gravel.

During deglaciation, a series of glacial lakes, known as the post-Minong Lake stages, occupied the Lake Superior basin. As the ice front retreated northwards, the valleys of the Pic, Little Pic, Black and White Rivers were inundated by these lake waters. The varved clay and silt found in these valleys were deposited during these lake stages. Zoltai (1967) suggests that most of the massive silt and silty clay in the Pic River area were deposited in Houghton Lake, a later stage of the post-Minong Lakes.

As deglaciation proceeded, the extent of the glacial lakes began to diminish. The embayment up the Pic River system retreated, and the waters became shallow. Meltwaters flowing down from the ice front entered these receding lake embayments, and with time, the environ ment changed from one of deep water estuarine deposition to a more fluvial environment of moving, shallow water. Evidence of these chang ing conditions is found in the sediments of the Pic River valley, where stratified and cross-bedded sand of fluvial origin overlies thick deposits of varved clay.

In the Marathon area, there is a massive granular landform that has been identified as an ice contact delta (Cowan 1976). Zoltai (1967) suggested a morainal origin for at least part of this landform. The deposit has been modified by glaciolacustrine processes, resulting in the development of beaches and terraces. Another delta, of glaciolacustrine origin, occurs at Jackfish Bay, where the spillway following the Steel River emptied into the glacial lake southwest of Santoy Lake.

3.0 ENGINEERING TERRAIN UNITS:

3.1 BEDROCK:

3.1.1 Description:

Bedrock knobs (RN) are the dominant terrain unit. Overburden is less than l m thick, and many of the rock knobs are bare. In some cases, the overburden becomes thicker on the flanks of and between the bedrock hills. Relief is high, often greater than 150 m, and slopes are steep and complex. This combination of conditions produces some of the most spectacular scenery to be seen in Ontario. A typical terrain unit symbol is:

RN(tMGXR) Hj-D

This shows rock knob terrain (RN) to be the dominant landform. The letter symbols (tMG/R) indicate that glacial till ground moraine can be found within the terrain unit, as a veneer overlying bedrock. The relief is rugged and high (Hj), and the surface is dry (D).

3.1.2 Significance:

RESOURCES: Portions of the rock can be used for crushed stone pur poses, but detailed evaluations of suitability for aggregate use would be required. Ground water resources within the bedrock will be limited to fractures, faults, and fissures. The occurrence of aquifers is unpredictable and the terrain has only fair potential for ground water supplies. The rugged natural beauty of the landscape and the great number of scenic vantage points could be considered a valuable resource of this area.

GENERAL CONSTRUCTION: The major constraint in terms of con struction and development is the presence of massive, irregular and complexly sloping bedrock outcrops. Because of the general lack of overburden, almost any type of development will require blasting and rock grading. This will increase construction costs and necessitate the use of rock fills or the importation of suitable soil fills. Foundation conditions should be excellent on the bedrock, but the steep and com plex slopes can present problems in the siting of structures. Route align ments will be difficult to locate, and extensive blasting and filling will likely be necessary to maintain design criteria grades.

The shallow drift cover, combined with the massive and complex bed rock outcrops, makes development activities difficult and expensive. Also, management of the land for any development would be complex. The variable and steep rock slopes, covered with only a thin veneer of drift, will make the terrain sensitive to surface erosion, especially when cleared of vegetation.

WASTE DISPOSAL: The bedrock terrain is generally unsuitable for the disposal of waste, whether it be garbage, septic tank effluent, or indus trial liquid waste. Development of lagoons or tile fields would require extensive grading of rock material and importation of soil fill. Fractures in the bedrock could act as conduits for migration of effluents, and the impact on surface drainage courses could be significant.

3.2 GLACIOFLUVIAL LANDFORMS:

3.2.1 Description:

Outwash (GO) landforms are scarce in this map-area. There are only two deposits of any significance: one along the Steel River north of Santoy Lake, and the other along the Little Pic River near the north-central boundary of the map-area. In both of these deposits, the material is a gravelly sand, and the surface is dry. They are described, respectively, by the terrain unit symbols:

sgGO sgGQ Lt-D Lp-D

Outwash sometimes occurs in conjunction with glaciolacustrine sedi ments, as represented by the symbol: sLP.sGO Lt-D

In such cases there is evidence of both glaciolacustrine and glaciofluvial processes. Further site-specific work would be necessary to determine the exact origin, and relative importance of the two terrain types.

An ice-contact delta (GD) is present in the Marathon area. Cowan (1976) gives a good description of this landform, and the present mapping generally corresponds with his findings. The upper part of the delta is planar and composed of sand and gravel. Distinct kettle holes occur in the eastern part of the landform, and the material is somewhat coarser than in the western part. Shallow lake waters have modified the western part of the delta, and lacustrine beach deposits cover its surface at lower elevations.

Water well logs provide some clue as to the thickness of the deposit and the general stratigraphy. Two wells in the town of Marathon inter sect bedrock at 40 and 50 m below ground surface. The logs show 8 to 15 m of sand, silt, and bouldery sand overlying 32 to 35 m of stratified sand, silt, and clay. Near the northern limits of the landform, adjacent to Highway 17 and the airstrip, the delta is only 10 to 20 m thick.

Typical map symbols depicting this terrain unit are:

sgGD gsGD Lut-D ~Mkl5

3.2.2 Significance:

RESOURCES: There is good potential for the occurrence of commercial sand and gravel deposits within these landforms. However, the deposits are not common, and areas of potential aggregate supply are located only 1) in the Marathon ice-contact delta, 2) along the Steel River north of Santoy Lake, and 3) along the Little Pic River near the north-central boundary of the map-area.

The large ice-contact delta at Marathon contains useable quantities of ground water; a number of wells have been developed within the landform. Other glaciofluvial landforms in the map-area have a poorer ground water potential due to their limited size and depth.

GENERAL CONSTRUCTION: Construction within these landforms should encounter no problems. Excavations are feasible with normal equipment, and dewatering is unlikely, at least in shallow excavations. Foundations for structures should be adequate. Materials can be easily handled and compacted.

WASTE DISPOSAL: Normal septic system designs should function properly within these landforms, but site-specific investigations are necessary.

The siting of landfills or the disposal of liquid wastes within the glacio fluvial landforms is not encouraged. There is a good possibility of direct hydraulic connection between the surface and aquifers at depth. Thus, conditions would be favourable for contaminant migration. The siting of any waste disposal facilities will require detailed hydrogeological studies to better define any potential problems.

3.3 GLACIOLACUSTRINE LANDFORMS:

3.3.1 Description:

A glaciolacustrine delta (LD) is present at Jackfish Bay; Zoltai (1967) indicates that lacustrine sediments occur at a maximum elevation of about 300 m above sea level. The existence of kettle holes suggests that glaciofluvial activities also contributed to the formation of this landform. It is mapped as

sgLD/R Lpk-D

since bedrock is suspected to be near surface in some areas.

Glaciolacustrine plains (LP) occupy most of the river valleys of the Little Pic, Pic, White, and Black River systems. These sediments have been de scribed by a number of previous investigators, including Thomson (1931), Farrand (1960), Milne (1967, 1968), and Coates (1970). AU of these investigators remarked on the great thickness of these deposits and the characteristic stratigraphy, in which strata of sand and silt overlie varved clay.

Milne (1967) described four sample locations along the Pic River. The sections range up to 46 m in thickness and have anywhere from 3 to 6 m of silty sand overlying the clay. The clay is varved in most cases, consist ing of alternating layers of silt and clay.

The sand, silt and clay are very susceptible to erosion, and the unit is characterized by its dissected appearance and unstable banks. Owing to the continuous slumping of these banks, the rivers have a characteristic muddy appearance due to the high sediment load carried by the water. In fact, the Pic River derived its name from this appearance, Pic mean ing "muddy" in Ojibwayan (Thomson 1931).

Typical symbols depicting this terrain unit are:

smLP smcLP Ld-M Md-M

Glaciolacustrine beaches (LB): A number of beaches have developed upon other landforms. These beaches occur near the present shoreline of Lake Superior 1) east of Jackfish Bay, where arcuate beach ridges are visible on the airphotos, and 2) at Marathon, where beach sand and gravel have been identified (Cowan 1976) and beach scarps are evident south of the town.

Typical terrain unit symbols are:

sgLB/sgLD sgLB gsLB Mt-D Ms-D Lu-M

3.3.2 Significance:

RESOURCES: The delta south of Santoy Lake and the beach ridge materials in the Marathon area have potential as sand and gravel resources. Although pits have already been developed in these deposits, site-specific investigations are advised if further resources are required. The varved clay in the area has limited commercial potential. As described by Milne (1967, p.56), "The commercial value of the Pic River clays is restricted to drain and tile manufacture or as an additive in brick manu facture".

Ground water resources may exist beneath the deep clay sediments, especially if porous sand and gravel overlie the bedrock. However, in general, the probability of finding ground water is rated as only fair.

GENERAL CONSTRUCTION: There would be no serious constuction problems within the delta (LD) and beach (LB) deposits. However, the thick glaciolacustrine sediments, consisting of sand, silt and clay (smcLP), have very poor engineering characteristics. The occurrence of silty sand overlying varved clay and silt produces a number of problems, such as

1) instability along river banks or on man-made cuts, 2) erosion and gullying with resultant siltation of drainage courses, 3) difficulties in earth movement operations and subsequent compac tion of fill, 4) low bearing strengths for footings and foundations, 5) frost-susceptible soils which could affect pavement designs and back fill operations.

WASTE DISPOSAL: Septic tile field designs must contend with imper meable soils and, occasionally, poor drainage conditions. These problems will be mitigated where adequate thicknesses of sand overlie the clay or where delta and beach deposits occur.

Solid waste disposal facilities may lack suitable fill materials, and care must be taken to protect surface water conditions. Where deeper de posits of sandy materials are found, contaminant migration problems must be investigated.

The disposal of liquid wastes in lagoons is possible, but construction could be complicated by the existence of surface sand and poorly drained silty soil. JO 3.4 ALLUVIAL AND ORGANIC LANDFORMS:

3.4.1 Description:

Alluvial plains (AP) can be found bordering every drainage course, but only the more significant ones are shown on the map. The Steel River alluvial plain appears to be very sandy and meanders are well develop ed, while the other alluvial plains consist of finer grained silty sand to sandy silt. The landforms are often wet and level, and the rivers carry a high silt load because of the erodible nature of the sediments. In some cases, organic materials are associated with these alluvial plains. Typical map symbols depicting this terrain unit are:

sAP(sgGO) smAP(pOT) Lp-M Lp-Mh

Organic terrain (OT) is scarce and occurs as small pockets between massive bedrock hills. It also appears as a veneer overlying other mater ials, but there are no extensive deposits. Typical terrain unit symbols are:

pOT7smLP,sGO pOT/tMG/R Lu-W Lu-W

3.4.2 Significance:

Organic and alluvial landforms have exceedingly poor engineering char acteristics. Thus, they are generally rated as poor or very poor for almost all uses. If flood plains or swamps must be disturbed by any human activities, then detailed investigations are essential to minimize impact and provide data for engineering design.

4.0 SUMMARY OF ENGINEERING SIGNIFICANCE:

The proceeding section described the characteristics of the major land form types and the engineering and resource significance of these units. Table l is a summary of the general engineering significance of the more common terrain units found in the area. This table is intended only as 11 a guide to help the reader in assessing the overall significance of the map units. Site-specific work is necessary to better define actual ground con ditions. Also, it must be realized that there are a number of conditions, such as drainage and slope, which are not considered in the table but which may affect the engineering significance of the various terrain units. 12

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5.0 REFERENCES:

Billings, M. D. 1974: Neys Provincial Park, Environmental Planning Series, Vol.5. Earth Science Report; Parks Branch, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources.

Carter, M. W., Mcilwaine, W. H., and Wisbey, P. A. 1973: Nipigon-Schreiber, Thunder Bay District; Ontario Division of Mines, Map 2232, Geological Compilation Series, scale 1:253,440 or l inch to 4 miles. Geological compilation 1970- 1971.

Coates, M. E. 1970: Geology of the Killala-Vein Lakes Area, District of Thunder Bay; Ontario Department of Mines, Geological Report 81, 35p. Accompanied by Maps 2191 and 2192, scale l inch to l mile.

Cowan, W. R. 1976: Evaluation of Selected Aggregate Deposits, North Shores of Lakes Huron and Superior; p.137-138 in Summary of Field Work, 1976, by the Geological Branch, edited by V. G. Milne, W. R. Cowan, K. D. Card, and J. A. Robertson, Ontario Divi sion of Mines, Miscellaneous Paper 67, 183p.

Farrand, W. R. 1960: Former Shorelines in Western and Northern Lake Superior Basin; Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 226p.

Gartner, John F., Mollard, J. D., and Roed, M. A. in preparation: Ontario Engineering Geology Terrain Study Users© Manual, Ontario Geological Survey, Northern Ontario En gineering Geology Terrain Study 1.

Gartner Lee Associates Limited 1974: Aggregate Resources Search - North Shores of Lakes Super ior and Huron, Districts of Thunder Bay and Algoma; Ontario Division of Mines, Open File Report 5117, 116p. 14 Milne, V. G. 1967: Geology of the Cirrus Lake-Bamoos Lake Area, District of Thunder Bay; Ontario Department of Mines, Geological Re port 43, 61 p. Accompanied by Maps 2098 and 2099, scale l inch to *A mile. 1968: Geology of the Black River Area, District of Thunder Bay; Ontario Department of Mines, Geological Report 72, 68p. Accompanied by Maps 2143 to 2147, scale l inch to 1A mile.

Milne, V. G., Giblin, P. E., Bennett, G., Thurston, P., Wolfe, W. J., Giguere, J. F., Leahy, E. J. and Rupert, R. J. 1972: Manitouwadge-Wawa Sheet, Algoma, Cochrane, Sudbury and Thunder Bay Districts; Ontario Division of Mines, Map 2220, Geological Compilation Series, scale 1:253,440 or l inch to 4 miles. Geological compilation 1967-1971.

Ontario Ministry of the Environment 1977: Water Well Records for Thunder Bay District; Unpublished Computer Data to 1977.

Ontario Ministry of Transportation and Communication Geotechnical Report Index File, Geocres No. 42-D-l Prairie River Bridge 42-D-4 Steel River Bridge 42-D-7 Big Pic River Bridge 42-D-l l Big Pic River Bridge 42-D-12 Big Pic River Bridge 42-D-l O Pic River, Hwy. 627

Strip Map Index, Materials and Testing Division, Contract No. 73-04 Highway 17 76-06 Highway 17

Sage, R. P., Treacher, K., Meloche, D., and Bathe, D. 1975: Slate Islands, District of Thunder Bay; Ontario Division of Mines, Preliminary Map P.997, Geological Series, scale l inch to 660 feet or 1:7 920. Geology and compilation 1974. 15 Springer, Janet 1978: Ontario Mineral Potential, Schreiber Sheet, District of Thun der Bay; Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Map P.1520, Mineral Deposits Series, scale 1:250,000. Compilation 1977, 1978.

Thomson, J. E. 1931: Geology of the Heron Bay Area, District of Thunder Bay; Ontario Department of Mines, Vol.40, Pt.2, 1931, p.21-39. Accompanied by Map 40d, scale l inch to 1V& miles. 1933: Geology of the Heron Bay-White Lake Area; Ontario Depart ment of Mines, Vol.41, Pt.6, 1932, p.34-47. Accompanied by Map 41 j, scale l inch to 2 miles.

Walker, J. W. R. 1967: Geology of the Jackfish-Middleton Area, District of Thunder Bay; Ontario Department of Mines, Geological Report 50, 41p. Accompanied by Maps 2107 and 2112, scale l inch to V4 mile.

Zoltai, S. C. 1965: Surficial Geology, Thunder Bay; Ontario Department of Lands and Forests, Map S265, scale l inch to 8 miles. Surficial geology 1958-1960. 1967: Glacial Features of the North-Central Lake Superior Region, Ontario; Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol.4, No.3, p.515-528.

Ontario Geological Survey

Northern Ontario Engineering Geology Terrain Study 60

HERON BAY AREA

(NTS42D/NE) District of Thunder Bay

John F. Gartner and D.F. McQuay

1979

Ministry of Ministry of Natural Northern Resources Affairs Ontario Hon. James A.C. Auld Hon. Leo Bernier Minister Minister Dr. J. K. Reynolds Art Herridge Deputy Minister Deputy Minister

OMNR-OGS1979 Printed in Canada

THIS PROJECT WAS FUNDED BY THE ONTARIO MINISTRY OF NORTHERN AFFAIRS AND IS MANAGED BY THE ONTARIO MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES

Orders for publications should be accompanied by cheque or money order payable to the Treasurer of Ontario.

ISSN 0709-4671 ISBN 0-7743-4336-2

Parts of this publication may be quoted if credit is given. It is recommended that reference to this report be made in the following form:

CONTENTS

TABLE l Summary of engineering significance...... 12

MAP (accompanying report)

Map 5093 (coloured) - Northern Ontario Engineering Geology Terrain Study, Data Base Map, Heron Bay (NTS 42D/NE). Scale 1:100 000.

Northern Ontario Engineering Geology Terrain Study 60

HERON BAY AREA

(NTS42D/NE)

District of Thunder Bay

John F. Gartner1

1.0 INTRODUCTION:

Interpretation of existing black and white aerial photographs, at scales of approximately 1:54 000, was the primary method of obtaining this ter-

2.0 GEOLOGICAL SETTING:

2.1 BEDROCK:

2.2 QUATERNARY:

3.0 ENGINEERING TERRAIN UNITS:

3.1 BEDROCK:

3.1.1 Description:

RN(tMGXR) Hj-D

3.1.2 Significance:

3.2 GLACIOFLUVIAL LANDFORMS:

3.2.1 Description:

sgGO sgGQ Lt-D Lp-D

Outwash sometimes occurs in conjunction with glaciolacustrine sedi ments, as represented by the symbol: sLP.sGO Lt-D

Typical map symbols depicting this terrain unit are:

sgGD gsGD Lut-D ~Mkl5

3.2.2 Significance:

WASTE DISPOSAL: Normal septic system designs should function properly within these landforms, but site-specific investigations are necessary.

3.3 GLACIOLACUSTRINE LANDFORMS:

3.3.1 Description:

sgLD/R Lpk-D

since bedrock is suspected to be near surface in some areas.

Typical symbols depicting this terrain unit are:

smLP smcLP Ld-M Md-M

Typical terrain unit symbols are:

sgLB/sgLD sgLB gsLB Mt-D Ms-D Lu-M

3.3.2 Significance:

The disposal of liquid wastes in lagoons is possible, but construction could be complicated by the existence of surface sand and poorly drained silty soil. JO 3.4 ALLUVIAL AND ORGANIC LANDFORMS:

3.4.1 Description:

sAP(sgGO) smAP(pOT) Lp-M Lp-Mh

pOT7smLP,sGO pOT/tMG/R Lu-W Lu-W

3.4.2 Significance:

4.0 SUMMARY OF ENGINEERING SIGNIFICANCE:

1 3 2 O Excavation Foundation GroundWa Landfill M wl 1 s ^o a 1 S i 0) 1 CO S CO

SNOI1IQNOO ffi TVIJLN3J,Od NOUOnHXSNOO ivsodsia soHnossH IHOn 31SVM 13

5.0 REFERENCES:

Billings, M. D. 1974: Neys Provincial Park, Environmental Planning Series, Vol.5. Earth Science Report; Parks Branch, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources.

Coates, M. E. 1970: Geology of the Killala-Vein Lakes Area, District of Thunder Bay; Ontario Department of Mines, Geological Report 81, 35p. Accompanied by Maps 2191 and 2192, scale l inch to l mile.

Farrand, W. R. 1960: Former Shorelines in Western and Northern Lake Superior Basin; Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 226p.

Ontario Ministry of the Environment 1977: Water Well Records for Thunder Bay District; Unpublished Computer Data to 1977.

Strip Map Index, Materials and Testing Division, Contract No. 73-04 Highway 17 76-06 Highway 17

Ministry Of Hon. James A. C. Auld Minister Natural rt , ^ n Dr. J. K. Reynolds Deputy Minister Ontario

Ontario Geological Survey ijnLP/lMG Mh RN(tMG,pOTyR] RNItMG.smLP/R) RN(lMG-RN) Map 5093 n-D(M) Hjn-D HERON BAY NTS 42 D/NE Data Base Map Northern Ontario Engineering Fourbay) v L Geology Terrain Study N{tMG,RN) Hin-D

smErVtMG(RN) Lpn

S(W1 N T) h'- ' v r smLP/iiyiGfRN) *(?a t, -r

INDEX TO ADJOINING SHEETS : ^-l Santoy \ j 1:100000 024 t ) smLP.pOT/R

One centimetre represents une kilometre

pOT/smLP.sGO Lu-W

LEGEND

LANDFORM MATERIAL MORAINAL b boulders, bouldery ME En c clay, clayey MG Ground moraine g grare/, gravelly MH Hummocky moraine p p ea f, jT)iyc*(

s sanO, sandy GD Ice contact delta. lfa. Same c/e.'fe de/fa GE EsKef, esfcer complex. crevasse fniing GK Kame, ftams fei'd. .'came MiddletiM/ : terrace, kame moraine RNflMG/RN) ,, GO G©j©wssfr plain, vailuy train TOPOGRAPHY GLACIOLACUSTRINE iRNItMG.pOT/R) LOCAL RELIEF jCape ^ Jackfish tzrt© " ———————— - ————— LB Raised (abandonea) beach H Mainly high local relief ^Victoria v /nrm LD Gtadolacustririe delta M /Wa/n/x mocterafe local relief LP Glaciolacustrine plain L Mainly low local relief Mn-D(M) VARIETY Barclay Is 'War™/ eh a nn filled AP Alluvial daift dissected, gullied sg L B /sgLD i4CiM fc

DRAINAGE BEDROCK SURFACE CONDITION RL Sbtf/oeA plateau RN Bedrock knob W H/ef RP Bedrock p/a/n D Dry RR Bsdroc/c /"/dffe M Mjxed wef and dry Hj-D /R HecJi'ocfc betow a rfnff veneer h Suspected high wafer table MARATHO PB lg r" The letter codes describing the terrain units are made up of four L^C components arranged as follows: - RIMjtMG/nN) Hin-D MATERIAL LANDFORM

TOPOGRAPHY DRAINAGE

___ CORPORATION OF THE TOWNSHIP OF MARATHON SCOURS"•j i S^Nh^WWWCOiV-CS^^ RNftlVIG/

Examples dominant landform material subordinate landform tMQ(RN)' -drainage ~~^~relief of subordinate landform local relief topographic variety of dominant landform

.slash indicates a veneer of pOT/sGO one landform overlying a second landform Lp-W

SYMBOLS

Significant end moraine or //near Small landslide scar morains-like feature

LAKE Weli expressed drumlins and U P E R Sand or gravel pit drumlinoid ridges

Quarry or mine workings evident All other linear ice-Wow/ features from airohotos or field observa tion (crossed picks are stiowt: In •s i1—---^ FW//J wood the area o'open excavation) ^3-——— Harbour Eskw ridgy (continuous, discon tinuous, the symbol does no! in Other man-made features (rock dicate direction ot Ho-//} dumps, tailings, ©sgoons, landfills, etc.: type of feature men- Abandoned shoreline (continu Honed where iduirti©iubiv) ous, discontinuous) oF^ Steep- wa/ted valleys, ollen bed Island © ocai dune aiea (type and loca rock-controlled features tion of individual dunos not indi cated) Talus (defined, inferred: base of talus triangle indicates down- Abandoned fiver channel, spill s/opo siije u©escarpment} way, orice marginal channels Line joining the same terrain units

•10 Sample location

NOTE 1. This map is intended to be an inventory of regional engineering terrain conditions, as determined largely by airphoto interpretation i;s purpose is to provide a guide for engineering and resource planning functions. The boundaries of the terrain units shown on the map are approximate only, consistent with a l 100 000 scale Site specific investigations are required in order to oOtain detailed information for a particular area. The map user should refer lo the accompany ing report tor a fuller description of terrain in the study area.

HNtfMG/R) NOTE 2 Mn D (M) Colour is usBft to enhance what is considered lo be the dominant engineering condition in Lp-Dh pOT/sGO simple, complex or layered terrain units.

NOTES: Not all letter and graphic symbols shown m the legend necessarily appear on this map sheet.

Information from this publication may be quoted if appropriate credit is given Relerence to ihis map is recommended as follows

Gartner J. F. Published 198C. Base Map derived Irom 1 inch to 2 miles Provincial Series, Engineering Geology Terrain Evaluation By J. F. Gartner, Survey s and Mapping B ranch, Ministry of Natural Resources. GARTNER LEE ASSOCIATES LIMITED, TORONTO, ONT. 1978 19813 Northern Ontario Engineering Geology Terrain Sludy, Data Base Map. Heron Bay Ontario Geological Survey Map5093, Scale i 100000 THIS PROJECTWAS FUNDED BY THE ONTARIO MINISTRY OF NORTHERN AFFAIRS