Shrubs, Trees, & Flowers for Pollination, Pest Management, & Additional Income at CFSA 2018—a few additional notes & resources from Nancy Lee Adamson, [email protected], 336-370-3443 (This pdf combines the follow-up note I emailed to those who signed in, plus the pollinator links and conservation biocontrol resources I usually forward after programs.) 14 November 2018

Dear folks,

Thanks so much for joining me for the pollinator program Sunday morning, November 11th, at the Carolina Farm Stewardship Association Sustainable Agriculture Conference. In addition to the Pollinator Conservation Resources I usually share, wanted to include a few additional links based on the interests shared by participants (see below my signature).

These are resources highlighting ways to enhance diversity on farms and potentially add additional sources of income (some are in the PCR list already). I had forgotten that CFSA is posting presentations and resources online this year, so also posted a copy at https://tinyurl.com/CFSA2018Pollinators, which includes a link to an evaluation form. I welcome your feedback directly or via that form (anonymous).

On the NRCS website, http://www.nrcs.usda.gov using the search window to look for “pollinator” or “pollination” pulls up links to the plethora of resources available there, but most NRCS pollinator related documents can now be found at http://plants.usda.gov/pollinators/NRCSdocuments.html. If you have land and have not yet talked with NRCS staff about conservation practices, the person to contact is your local District Conservationist (DC). Even if you do not receive financial assistance, a lot of great technical assistance is available. The main NRCS programs that you might want to learn more about if you want to add greater diversity to your farm are EQIP (Environmental Quality Incentives Program) and CSP (Conservation Stewardship Program). Farm Services Agency offers CRP (Conservation Reserve Program) that NRCS helps administer. There are different application deadlines and requirements for each, so best to talk with your DC to learn what is available. There are also private lands biologists who support these plantings c/o the NC Wildlife Resources Commission. The NCWRC also has a fantastic Green Growth Toolbox http://www.ncwildlife.org/Conserving/Programs/Green-Growth-Toolbox and lots of other habitat conservation resources http://www.ncwildlife.org/Conserving/Programs. In SC, the SC Dept. of Natural Resources maintains a list of technical assistance providers http://www.dnr.sc.gov/wildlife/technicalasst.html.

The Xerces Society website is updated regularly (so it’s worth checking back if you haven’t visited recently) and pollinator resources are found at http://www.xerces.org/pollinator-resource-center. Click on the southeast or mid-Atlantic region for links to local pollinator resources, including regional plant lists and seed mixes, farming for bees information (including organic approaches), regional nurseries with seeds and container plants, and regional guides for bee identification. Plus, we have a page on conservation biocontrol http://www.xerces.org/conservationbiocontrol/.

In NC, Raleigh, Carrboro, and Durham, and in SC, Greenwood and Lakewood are Bee Cities in case you want to learn more about Bee City USA, visit http://www.beecityusa.org/.

Thank you for all your work growing and caring for our pollinators and communities. Please share what you know when you have the chance and feel free to share these resources. Pollinator or wildlife habitat signs can help others learn more about plant connections and be a focal point for conversations—they, like a clearly mowed edge, also signal that untidy areas are intentional when you start to leave a few more unmown areas or snags for bees, other insects and other wildlife. Signs made by children are especially engaging. If you have photos of pollinator signs and are willing to share them, I’d love to see them. If it would be ok to include in programs, please send the name of the photographer and let me know if it’s ok to share with other Xerces staff for their presentations, too.

With much appreciation for all you do to support conservation in our communities,

Nancy

Nancy Lee Adamson, PhD Senior Pollinator Conservation Specialist The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation & USDA NRCS East National Technology Support Center 2901 East Gate City Blvd., Ste. 2100, Greensboro, NC 27401 336-370-3443 (mobile 336-404-0151) [email protected] & [email protected]

Additional links/notes based on comments or questions during or after the presentation:

• Scouting guides from Xerces (simple monitoring protocol) https://xerces.org/cbc-scouting-guides/ • Seed collecting from Xerces https://xerces.org/collecting-and-using-your-own-wildflower-seed/ • Cut flower links compiled by Debbie Roos c/o Growing Small Farms (www.growingsmallfarms.org), including edible flowers https://growingsmallfarms.ces.ncsu.edu/growingsmallfarms-flowerlinks/ • Grazing—there is a terrific set of webinars on grazing c/o the Science & Technology Training Library http://www.conservationwebinars.net/search?b_start:int=30&SearchableText=grazing o Movable fencing for flash grazing. In this style of grazing, you leave forage much taller than conventionally grazed sites, and move grazers onto new pasture more often. Here’s a webinar http://www.conservationwebinars.net/webinars/effective-use-of-electric-fencing-to-improve- grazing-management-and-enhance-soil-health o Pollinator Plantings in Organic Pasture by Anne Stine https://tilth.org/event/pollinator-plantings-in- organic-pastures/ o NRCS’ Soil Health team has been creating wonderful videos, including some on stockpiling for winter pasture http://soilhealth.net/winter-grazing-stockpiling/ • Wasp deterrent paper lanterns. These deter social wasps like yellow jackets from nesting close to where they are hung. Social wasps are territorial and so will look for areas away from other social wasps to ensure plenty of food for their offspring since they are central place foragers. The lanterns need to go up very early in the year (February) to be most effective https://www.google.com/search?q=wasp+deterrent+lanterns&safe=active&rls=com.microsoft:en-US:IE- Address&biw=1536&bih=825&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjZnImAmq_NAhWIsB 4KHbkiDhQQsAQIaw . NOTE: most wasps are solitary, and not aggressive near their nests. This includes mud daubers. If you put up various sized bamboo to support cavity nesting bees, solitary wasps may utilize them along with bees. Just like solitary bees, they are not defensive near their nests because they don’t have a queen and your larvae and lots of sisters or resources in a colony to defend. They just collect food, lay an egg on it, seal the cell, and then do that over again. They never see their young. So, you can watch them up close. They tend to be more shy/wary than bees. • Insect-a-Slip Insect Barrier (Fluon) is paint that is effective in deterring ants by making the surface too slippery (must keep vegetation clear so no alternate route to bee homes or birdhouse is available). https://www.bioquip.com/search/DispProduct.asp?pid=2871A • If you’re interested in native plants, the conference Pete Schubert mentioned is the Cullowhee Native Plant Conference https://www.wcu.edu/engage/professional-enrichment/conferences-and-community- classes/the-cullowhee-native-plant-conference/ (there is an east region Yahoo! Group called [email protected], as well as our wonderful great NC and SC Native Plant Societies at www.ncwildflower.org and https://scnps.org/ Pollinator Conservation Resources Southeastern US

Here are some web links for pollinator conservation. Please contact me if you have any questions or suggestions. Thank you for supporting pollinators!

Nancy Lee Adamson, [email protected] or [email protected] NRCS

Jump to:Agroforestry . Books . Bumble Bee & Butterfly Conservation . Conservation Biocontrol/Minimizing Pesticide Risks . Fire . Habitat Assessment, Plants, & Nesting . Identification . Invasive Removal . Posters . Urban Conservation . Videos General Resources Nearly all the resources listed (plus many others) can be found at the Xerces Society Pollinator Resource Center http://www.xerces.org/pollinator-conservation/

Farming for Bees http://www.xerces.org/guidelines-farming-for-bees/ Habitat Planning for Beneficial Insects https://xerces.org/habitat-planning-for-beneficial-insects/ USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) pollinator resources http://plants.usda.gov/pollinators/NRCSdocuments.html http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/monarchs http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/national/plantsanimals/pollinate http://www.conservationwebinars.net/ (search “pollinator,” “beneficial insect,” or “urban”) http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/monarchs NRCS Using Farm Bill Programs for Pollinator Conservation http://directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/OpenNonWebContent.aspx?content=37370.wba USDA Southern Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Center http://www.sripmc.org/ Pollinator-Friendly Best Management Practices for Federal Lands http://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/pollinators/BMPs/ Pollinator & beneficial insect webinars (in “Insects & Pollinators” category) http://www.conservationwebinars.net/ NRCS WV Pollinator Handbook http://www.xerces.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/WVPH-SEC.pdf Native plant finders: Audubon https://www.audubon.org/native-plants, NWF http://www.nwf.org/NativePlantFinder/ USGS plant pollinator database https://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/pollinator/ (see what plants a specific pollinator visits) FAO Pollination of Cultivated Plants Vol 1 http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/I9201EN Vol 2 /I9184EN FHWA Ecoregional Revegetation Assistant http://www.nativerevegetation.org/era/ Pollinator Conservation Guide compiled by Debbie Roos, NC Cooperative Extension (links to beneficial insect habitat research, regional resources, fantastic photo gallery) http://chatham.ces.ncsu.edu/growingsmallfarms/pollinatorconservation.html Insect Pollination of Cultivated Crop Plants http://afrsweb.usda.gov/sp2userfiles/place/53420300/onlinepollinationhandbook.pdf Native Bee Benefits: How to Increase Native Bee Pollination on Your Farm in Several Simple Steps http://sustainable- farming.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Winfree_Williams_Native_Bees_2009.pdf Farming for Native Bees in Delaware http://dda.delaware.gov/publications/plant_industries/Bee%20Guide_07.pdf Meadows & Buffers for Bees: Creating Mid-Atlantic Pollinator Habitats http://matthewsarver.com/downloads/Meadows_and_Buffers_for_Bees.pdf Organic Farming for Bees toolkit http://www.xerces.org/organic-farms/ Wild Pollinators of Eastern Apple Orchards http://www.fruit.cornell.edu/tree_fruit/resources/wild_pollinators.pdf Farming for Beneficial Insects (Pollinators, Predators, & Parasitoids) slide show http://www.slideshare.net/NancyXerces/2016-11-05-befriending-farm-allies-by-nancy-lee-adamson-cfsa-sac-2016 Native plant focused Design-Build Studio at NCSU w/Andrew Fox https://design.ncsu.edu/design-build/ Conservation Biological Control & Minimizing Pesticide Risks Xerces Society conservation biological control resources http://www.xerces.org/conservationbiocontrol • Habitat Planning for Beneficial Insects http://xerces.org/habitat-planning-for-beneficial-insects/ Xerces Society sustainable pest management http://www.xerces.org/pesticides/ • Beyond the Birds and the Bees: Effects of Neonicotinoid Insecticides on Agriculturally Important Beneficial Insects • Are Neonicotinoids Killing Bees? and Neonicotinoids in Your Garden • Organic-Approved Pesticides: Minimizing Risk to Pollinators • How to Reduce Bee Poisoning from Pesticides • Ecologically Sound Mosquito Management in Wetlands • How to Help Your Community Create an Effective Mosquito Management Plan 2

Cover Cropping for Pollinators & Beneficial Insects http://www.sare.org/Learning-Center/Bulletins/Cover-Cropping-for- Pollinators-and-Beneficial-Insects Wild Farm Alliance Biodiversity Conservation Guides http://wildfarmalliance.org/resources/organic_BD.htm Southern SARE: Choosing and Managing Cover Crops to Support Beneficial Insects for Pest Control and Pollination http://www.southernsare.org/Educational-Resources/Bulletins/Southern-SARE-Bulletins/Cover-Crops-Research-Across-the- Southern-Region/Choosing-and-Managing-Cover-Crops-to-Support-Beneficial-Insects-for-Pest-Control-and-Pollination How to Protect Honeybees [read “and Other Bees”] from Pesticides http://www.clemson.edu/public/regulatory/pesticide_regulation/bulletins/bulletin_5_protecting_honeybees.pdf Pesticide Considerations for Native Bees In Agroforestry http://www.unl.edu/nac/agroforestrynotes/an35g09.pdf Biorationals: Ecological Pest Mgmt Database by Rex Dufour (ATTRA) https://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/biorationals/ USDA pest ID guides http://blogs.usda.gov/2013/08/14/busting-bugs-usda-creates-online-tools-to-id-pests/ USDA Preventing Negative Impacts of Pesticides on Pollinators http://directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/34828.wba

Agroforestry Guidelines & Benefits of Invasive Plant Removal for Supporting Pollinators Working Trees for Pollinators https://www.fs.usda.gov/nac/Working_Trees/brochures.shtml How to Plan for & Plant Streamside Conservation Buffers with Native Fruit & Nut Trees & Woody Floral Shrubs by Katie Trozzo : https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/ANR/ANR-69/ANR-69.html Use Agroforestry to Help Pollinators https://www.fs.usda.gov/nac/documents/insideagroforestry/IA_vol23issue2_pollinators.pdf Sustaining Native Bee Habitat For Crop Pollination https://www.fs.usda.gov/nac/documents/agroforestrynotes/an32g06.pdf Improving Forage For Native Bee Crop Pollinators https://www.fs.usda.gov/nac/documents/agroforestrynotes/an33g07.pdf Enhancing Nest Sites For Native Bee Crop Pollinators https://www.fs.usda.gov/nac/documents/agroforestrynotes/an34g08.pdf Windbreaks (hedgerows) for pollinators (p8-10) https://www.fs.usda.gov/nac/documents/insideagroforestry/vol20issue1.pdf Invasive removal supports bees, S. Horn & J. Hanula http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/ja/2011/ja_2011_hanula_003.pdf

Habitat Assessment, Plants, & Nest Management for Pollinators Pollinator Habitat Assessment Form http://www.xerces.org/pollinator-conservation/habitat-assessment-guides/ Is seeding appropriate? Use Norman Melvin’s “decision sequence keys” in Wetlands Restoration, Enhancement, and Management http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs143_010838.pdf Establishing Pollinator Meadows from Seed http://www.xerces.org/establishing-pollinator-meadows-from-seed/ Milkweeds: Conservation Practitioner’s Guide http://www.xerces.org/milkweeds-a-conservation-practitioners-guide/ Bee-friendly Plant Lists http://www.xerces.org/pollinator-conservation/plant-lists/ Native Plants for Wildlife Habitat and Conservation http://www.nps.gov/plants/pubs/chesapeake/ Farmscaping w/Native Plants, Josh Fodor http://www.ecolandscaping.org/09/native-plants/farmscaping-with-native-plants/ The Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center Xerces’ recommended pollinator and conservation biocontrol plants. View "Value to Beneficial Insects" http://www.wildflower.org/collections/ Delaware Native Plants for Native Bees http://dda.delaware.gov/plantind/forms/publications/Delaware%20Native%20Plants%20for%20Native%20Bees.pdf Pollinator planting guides http://pollinator.org/guides.htm USDA-NRCS Seedling ID Guide for Native Prairie Plants www.plant-materials.nrcs.usda.gov/pubs/mopmcpu6313.pdf Managing Alternative Pollinators http://www.sare.org/Learning-Center/Books/Managing-Alternative-Pollinators Pollinator Management for Organic Seed Producers http://www.xerces.org/wp- content/uploads/2013/06/PollinatorManagementForOrganicSeedProducers.pdf Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States, Alan Weakley http://www.herbarium.unc.edu/flora.htm Southeastern Flora: Southeastern US Plant Identification Resource http://www.southeasternflora.com/ SERNEC Southeast Regional Network of Expertise & Collections http://sernecportal.org Plant distribution: https://plants.usda.gov/ and http://bonap.org/ Specialist bees of Mid-Atlantic & Northeastern US (Fowler & Droege) http://jarrodfowler.com/specialist_bees.html Joel Gardener’s Building Wild Bee Homes https://www.beelab.umn.edu/sites/beelab.umn.edu/files/native_bees.pdf How to build and care for an insect hotel correctly (shared by Dr. Schmidt-Jeffris, SC Extension) https://entomologistlounge.wordpress.com/2017/09/18/insect-hotels-a-refuge-or-a-fad/ Pollinator Conservation in Urban Areas/Communities Pollinator Friendly Parks http://www.xerces.org/wp- content/uploads/2009/05/pollinator_friendly_parks_21ed_xerces_society.pdf Doug Tallamy “Bringing Home the Natives” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LthiZ0ppr-A Bee City USA http://www.beecityusa.org (excellent resources for urban, campus, and community conservation) Bee Campus USA webinar https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GYSiI9YfZaw 3

How to build and care for an insect hotel correctly https://entomologistlounge.wordpress.com/2017/09/18/insect- hotels-a-refuge-or-a-fad/ (shared by Dr. Rebecca Schmidt-Jeffris of Clemson Extension in SC) Natl Assn of Conservation Distr. Urban & Community Webinars http://www.nacdnet.org/general-resources/webinars/ Wild Ones http://www.wildones.org/ Going Native: Urban Landscaping for Wildlife With Native Plants http://www.ncsu.edu/goingnative/ Meet Your Neighbors (Clay Bolt connecting people w/wildlife) http://meetyourneighbours.net/ Paper lantern social wasp deterrent: use search terms “natural & non-toxic wasp deterrent” in Amazon (2 cost ~$10) Carpenter bee appreciation http://www.scwildlife.com/articles/mayjune2011/carpenterbee.html Bee Identification & Monitoring Xerces bee monitoring tools https://xerces.org/xerces-bee-monitoring-tools/ (Upper Midwest guide is best) The Bees in Your Backyard: A Guide to North America’s Bees by Joseph S. Wilson & Olivia Messinger Carril http://press.princeton.edu/titles/10593.html Pollinators of Native Plants by Heather Holm. Though Midwestern focus, still an excellent resource for the east, highlighting bees and other insects along with the native plants they visit. http://www.pollinatorsnativeplants.com/ Fantastic 68 page field guide for observing bees http://eol.org/info/disc_observer Bugguide.net and DiscoverLife.org Sam Droege of USGS & colleagues resources • video on how to use DiscoverLife bee ID guide http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75klhCa2vEM • slideshows on bee families and genera http://www.slideshare.net/sdroege • videos on monitoring techniques http://www.youtube.com/user/swdroege • stunning (identified to species) close-ups of bees at http://www.flickr.com/photos/usgsbiml/sets/ Common Bees and Best Bee Plants of the East webinar http://www.conservationwebinars.net/webinars/common-bees- and-best-bee-plants-of-the-east/ USGS Pollinator Library http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/pollinator/ Bees of Georgia http://native-bees-of-georgia.ggc.edu/ Great Sunflower Project (monitoring) http://www.greatsunflower.org/ Native Buzz (nest monitoring) http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/ellis/nativebuzz/default.aspx Pennsylvania Citizen Science Bee Monitoring Guide and Pocket Guide http://www.xerces.org/download/pdf/PA_Pocket_Guide.pdf Eastern bumble bees http://www.xerces.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/Eastern_Bumble_Bee.pdf North American bumble bees http://www.bumblebee.org/NorthAmerica.htm Ohio bee identification guide http://www.oardc.ohio-state.edu/ale/images/Bee_ID_guide.pdf Key for bee genera of Eastern Canada http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/bsc/ejournal/pgs_03/pgs_03_key.html Mason bee observation box http://nurturing-nature.co.uk/wild-bee-nesting-box/ Hands on the Land—national network of field classrooms (citizen science projects) https://www.handsontheland.org/ Bumble Bee & Butterfly Conservation Xerces bumble bee conservation resources http://www.xerces.org/bumblebees/ and http://bumblebeewatch.org/ Join Bumble Bee Watch http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vTLKMAtXGnA Conserving Bumble Bees http://www.xerces.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/conserving_bb.pdf Xerces butterfly conservation resources http://www.xerces.org/butterfly-conservation/ Butterfly habitat http://www.nababutterfly.com/guide_index.html Monarch Watch & Monarch Joint Venture http://monarchwatch.org/ and http://monarchjointventure.org/ Lepidopteran Hostplants http://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/hostplants/ Native Bee Posters Bumble bees of the Eastern US (and others) http://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/features/posters.shtml http://nrcspad.sc.egov.usda.gov/DistributionCenter/search.aspx?Keywords=pollinator (NRCS may be out of pollinator posters, but check back periodically. New posters are developed annually.) Native bees by Alex Surcică https://www.facebook.com/Digital.Museum.of.Natural.History (look in photos) Video Clips Marla Spivak’s TED Talk http://www.ted.com/talks/marla_spivak_why_bees_are_disappearing.html Bee pollinators of SW VA crops https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_etyEdu9fQ Native plants visited by various native bees https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HhC5iY0ijJM Bug lady Suzanne Wainwright natural pest control video https://www.growingagreenerworld.com/episode124/ 4

Tickle bees of Sabin (gentleness of solitary bees, Andrena spp.) http://katu.com/archive/tickle-bees Hometown Habitat w/Doug Tallamy film by Catherine Zimmerman, Meadow Project http://themeadowproject.com/ Leaf-cutter bee http://www.arkive.org/megachile-leaf-cutter-bee/megachile-centuncularis/video-00.html Hibiscus bee http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JxBMRuMp35o Mining bees http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bwzz9tNKUE8 Audubon’s Native Plants for Birds (plants that support lots of insects are best for birds) https://youtu.be/Dg30pJE-pbU Biomimicry for Better Design http://tedxtalks.ted.com/video/Biomimicry-for-Better-Design-%7C;search%3Anature%20design Video of natural enemies in action shared by https://youtu.be/VLjE_eTk3_4 (shared by Dr. Rebecca Schmidt-Jeffris) Fire Good fires http://www.goodfires.org/ Oak woodlands & forests fire consortium (webinars) http://www.oakfirescience.com/events-webinars-source/ Books (& articles) on native plants, pollinators, other insects/wildlife, design, & engagement Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States http://www.herbarium.unc.edu/flora.htm (available as an app as FloraQuest) by Alan Weakley Wildflowers and Plant Communities of the Southern Appalachian Mountains and Piedmont: A Naturalist's Guide to the Carolinas, Virginia, Tennessee, and Georgia by Timothy Spira http://uncpress.unc.edu/books/T-6813.html Bringing Nature Home: How You Can Sustain Wildlife with Native Plants by Doug Tallamy and the 2014 how-to with Rick Darke The Living Landscape: Designing For Beauty And Biodiversity In The Home Garden. Noah's Garden: Restoring the Ecology of Our Own Backyards by Sara Stein Planting in a Post-Wild World by Thomas Rainer & Claudia West Garden Revolution by Larry Weiner Garden Insects of South Carolina: Beneficial Species and Potential Pests by Merle Shepard and Ed Farnworth, published by the Lowcountry Biodiversity Foundation. www.lcbiodiversity.org Forister, M.L., Novotny, V., Panorska, A.K., Baje, L., Basset, Y., Butterill, P.T., Cizek, L., Coley, P.D., Dem, F., Diniz, I.R. and Drozd, P. 2015. The global distribution of diet breadth in insect herbivores. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(2):442-447. Wilson, E.O., 1987. The little things that run the world (the importance and conservation of invertebrates). Conservation Biology 1(4):344-346. Design w/native plants, community engagement, & sustainability (thanks to Andrew Fox of NCSU College of Design): • Cizek, Adrienne and Andrew Fox. 2015. Stormwater nature pockets: A case for using green infrastructure to create engaging childhood spaces. Journal of Green Building 10(3):14-27. • Fox, Andrew and David Hill. 2014. Adaptive Infrastructures: Developing Multidisciplinary Courses to Design Resilient Coastal Communities. Proceedings of the CELA Annual Convention (CD-ROM), Baltimore: MD. • Fox, Andrew. 2013. Grounds for Change: Maximizing the Potential of Campus Landscapes through Strategic Partnerships and Community Design. The International Journal of the Constructed Environment 3(2):199-217. • Fox, Andrew. 2008. Integrated Designs Enrich Public Landscapes. Stormwater: The Journal for Surface Water Quality Professionals. Living Building Challenge https://living-future.org/lbc/ Additional Resources for Alabama Alabama NRCS www.al.nrcs.usda.gov Alabama Sustainable Agriculture Network http://asanonline.org/ Dr. Majumdar Ayanava’s Extension pages http://www.aces.edu/~azm0024/extension/ (includes links to Alabama Pest Management Handbook and Vegetable Crop Handbook) Alabama Integrated Pest Management Center http://www.aces.edu/anr/ipm/ Carol Denhof, Longleaf Alliance http://www.longleafalliance.org/ Joseph W. Jones Ecological Research Center www.jonesctr.org International Forest Company (longleaf source mentioned by Carol Denhof) http://www.interforestry.com Seedling sources for Alabama http://www.forestry.state.al.us/Publications/TREASURED_Forest_Magazine/2010_Fall/Tree%20Seedling%20Sources.pdf Alabama Farm to School program http://www.farmtoschool.org/state-home.php?id=33 2013 Southeastern U.S. Vegetable Crop Handbook http://www.thegrower.com/south-east-vegetable-guide/ Alabama Wildflower Society http://www.alwildflowers.org/

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Additional Resources for Georgia UGA Ecoscapes http://marex.uga.edu/ecoscapes/ Jimmy Carter Plant Materials Center https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/ga/plantsanimals/?cid=nrcs144p2_022073 GA NRCS http://www.ga.nrcs.usda.gov The Longleaf Alliance http://www.longleafalliance.org/ GA Pollinator Protection Plan http://agr.georgia.gov/protecting-georgias-pollinators.aspx UGA Bees (this covers more than honey bees, despite the url) http://www.ent.uga.edu/bees/beekeeping.html Native Bees of Georgia http://native-bees-of-georgia.ggc.edu/ GA DNR Wildlife Resources Division http://www.georgiawildlife.org/ Is Your Site Prep Helping or Hurting Your Longleaf Pine Restoration (shared by Carol Denhoff of Longleaf Alliance) http://www.georgiawildlife.org/sites/default/files/uploads/wildlife/nongame/pdf/Publications_and_Reports/Using Herbecide_LongleafPineRestoration.pdf GA Native Plant Society http://gnps.org/ Monarchs Across GA http://www.eealliance.org/mag Environmental Education Alliance http://www.eealliance.org/ GA Master Naturalists https://www.warnell.uga.edu/outreach/georgia-master-naturalist GA Master Gardeners http://www.caes.uga.edu/departments/hort/extension/mastergardener/ GA Plant Communities http://www.georgiawildlife.com/node/1380 Southeastern Flora http://www.southeasternflora.com/references.php Weakley’s Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States (also as phone app) http://www.herbarium.unc.edu/flora.htm GA Museum of Natural History http://naturalhistory.uga.edu/

Additional Resources for Mississippi Jamie L. Whitten Plant Materials Center https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/plantmaterials/pmc/southeast/mspmc/ MS NRCS Planting Guide http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs142p2_017068.pdf MS NRCS Native Pollinators Fact Sheets by Glynda Clardy, Wildlife Biologist • Habitat https://efotg.sc.egov.usda.gov/references/public/MS/CreatePollinatorHabitat2016.pdf • Bees https://efotg.sc.egov.usda.gov/references/public/MS/CreatePollinatorHabitat2016_Bees.pdf • Butterflies https://efotg.sc.egov.usda.gov/references/public/MS/CreatePollinatorHabitat2016_Butterflies.pdf • Non-typical (wasps, flies, beetles, birds) https://efotg.sc.egov.usda.gov/references/public/MS/CreatePollinatorHabitat2016_Non-typical.pdf Mississippi Museum of Natural History http://mmnsfoundation.com/ Mississippi Native Plant Society http://www.mississippinativeplantsociety.org/ MS NPS native plant sources http://www.mississippinativeplantsociety.org/native-plant-resources.html Ole Miss native Mississippi plants http://www.olemiss.edu/depts/landscape/nativeplants.html Longleaf Alliance http://www.longleafalliance.org/ Physiographic regions of Mississippi http://www.marshdoc1.com/physiographic-regions-of-mississippi.html Additional Resources for North Carolina NC Pollinator Conservation Alliance http://ncpollinatoralliance.org/ NC Research Stations (conservation techniques & plantings to support pollinators) http://www.ncagr.gov/research/ Native pollinator displays for educators (click on Outreach Program) http://ecoipm.org/native-pollinators/ NC Botanical Gardens showcases regional native plant communities http://ncbg.unc.edu/ NC Native Plant Society http://www.ncwildflower.org/ NC Plant Conservation http://www.ncplantfriends.org and http://www.ncagr.gov/plantindustry/plant/plantconserve/ NC Wildlife Resources Commission http://www.ncwildlife.org/ NC Land Trusts http://www.ctnc.org/ and http://www.blueridgeforever.info/ NC Audubon Native Plants http://nc.audubon.org/conservation/bird-friendly-communities/bird-friendly-native-plants NC Environmental Ed. Certification Program http://www.eenorthcarolina.org/certification--about-the-program.html Shrubs and Woody Vines of NC http://digital.ncdcr.gov/cdm/ref/collection/p16062coll9/id/13548 Living Web Farms http://www.livingwebfarms.org/ NC & SC Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) sites (most shared by Sudie Thomas, SC NRCS Wildlife Biologist) • http://www.carolinabutterflysociety.org/ 6

• http://www.dpr.ncparks.gov/nbnc/ - detailed records of all butterfly species in SC and NC- maps, photos, etc.- data often gleaned from the listserve, verified by Harry LeGrand in NC (NC Natural Heritage Program) • http://www.jeffpippen.com/carolinaleps.htm - subscribe to listserve • https://lists.duke.edu/sympa/arc/carolinaleps - listserve archives • Monarch Rescue (national orgs listed above) http://www.storypowered.com/monarch/ Forest Health Handbook http://ncforestservice.gov/forest_health/pdf/FHH/ForestHealthHandbook_complete.pdf Additional Resources for South Carolina South Carolina NRCS main page and pollinator partnership articles by Amy Overstreet and Diane Leone • http://www.sc.nrcs.usda.gov/ • http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/sc/newsroom/releases/?cid=STELPRDB1117352 • http://savannahriverpreserve.org/2011/11/01/nrcs-conservation-programs-protect-pollinator-habitat/ SC Native Plant Society http://scnps.org/ See Lepidoptera info in NC section above SC Wildlife Federation Native Plant List http://www.scwf.org/native-plant-list/ Additional Resources for Tennessee University of Tennessee Bees and Beekeeping Program http://bees.tennessee.edu/ UT native plant website https://www.tnps.org / Tennessee Native Plant Society http://tnps.org/ Tennessee Organic Growers Association http://tnorganics.org/toga-conferences/ Tennessee Department of Agriculture Organics (has more links) https://www.tn.gov/agriculture/topic/ag-farms-organics Plant Native http://www.plantnative.org/rpl-kytn.htm TN’s Native Plant Alternatives to Exotic Invasives https://www.se-eppc.org/pubs/TNALT.pdf Native seed/plant vendors • GroWild http://www.growildinc.com/ • In Kentucky: Roundstone Native Seed http://roundstoneseed.com/ • Nashville Natives http://www.nashvillenatives.com/ • Overhill Gardens (east Tennessee native plant nursery) http://www.overhillgardens.com/native-plants.html • Tennessee Naturescapes http://www.tennesseenaturescapes.com/ Additional Resources for Virginia VA NRCS main page www.va.nrcs.usda.gov/ VA DGIF Habitat for Wildlife www.dgif.virginia.gov/habitat/ VA DEQ Virginia Native Plant Marketing Campaign http://www.deq.virginia.gov/Programs/CoastalZoneManagement/CZMIssuesInitiatives/NativePlants.aspx https://www.plantvirginianatives.org/why-virginia-natives/ VA Association for Biological Farming http://vabf.org/ VA Native Plant Society http://vnps.org/ VA Master Naturalists www.virginiamasternaturalist.org/ VA Master Gardeners www.ext.vt.edu/topics/lawn-garden/master-gardener/index.html VA Chesapeake Bay Foundation http://www.cbf.org/about-cbf/locations/virginia/ Alliance for the Chesapeake Bay RiverSmart Landscaping Program https://www.allianceforthebay.org/our-work/key- program-focuses/reducing-stormwater-runoff/riversmart-homes/riversmart-landscaping-program/ Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora http://vaplantatlas.org/ VA Museum of Natural History http://www.vmnh.net/ Blue Ridge Discovery Center http://blueridgediscoverycenter.org/

Xerces Society on Facebook Xerces’ Facebook page highlights current news and events related to invertebrate conservation (pollinators and much more) https://www.facebook.com/pages/The-Xerces-Society/193182577358618?ref=stream Conservation Biological Control Resources

Nancy Lee Adamson [email protected], [email protected] Thelma Heidel-Baker [email protected] NRCS

Here are some additional resources on beneficial insects, conservation biological control, and creating habitat for insects. Many are shared or listed in our Conservation Biocontrol short course and are available from Xerces’ Conservation Biocontrol Resources website: http://www.xerces.org/conservationbiocontrol. Thank you for supporting insect diversity and protecting our watersheds!

To jump directly to a subject below, click on one of these links: Creating Habitat & Assessment Guides – Plants to Support Beneficial Insects – Farm Practices to Support Beneficial Insects – Minimizing Pesticide Risks – Beneficial Insect Identification – Cited Research – Additional Research

Creating Habitat and Assessment Guides • Habitat Planning for Beneficial Insects http://xerces.org/habitat-planning-for-beneficial-insects/ • Xerces Habitat Assessment Forms http://www.xerces.org/pollinator-conservation/habitat-assessment-guides/ • Organic Site Preparation for Wildflower Establishment http://xerces.org/guidelines-organic-site-preparation/ • Establishing Pollinator Meadows from Seed http://www.xerces.org/establishing-pollinator-meadows-from-seed/ • Using 2014 Farm Bill Programs for Pollinator Conservation. Biology Technical Note No. 73, 3rd Ed. 2015. USDA NRCS https://directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/opennonwebcontent.aspx?content=38006.wba

Plants to Support Beneficial Insects • Xerces Society pollinator-friendly plant lists by region http://www.xerces.org/pollinator-conservation/plant-lists/ • NRCS PLANTS beneficial insect conservation materials https://plants.usda.gov/pollinators/nrcsdocuments.html • Cover Cropping for Pollinators and Beneficial Insects. 2015. SARE. http://www.sare.org/Learning-Center/Bulletins/Cover-Cropping-for-Pollinators-and-Beneficial-Insects • Companion Planting & Botanical Pesticides: Concepts & Resources. Updated 2016. ATTRA. https://attra.ncat.org/attra- pub/summaries/summary.php?pub=72 • Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center https://www.wildflower.org/ (see special collections) • Southeastern Flora http://www.southeasternflora.com/ • Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States http://www.herbarium.unc.edu/flora.htm

Farm & Land Management Practices to Support Beneficial Insects • Cover Cropping for Pollinators and Beneficial Insects. 2015. SARE. http://www.sare.org/Learning-Center/Bulletins/Cover-Cropping-for-Pollinators-and-Beneficial-Insects • Companion Planting & Botanical Pesticides: Concepts & Resources. Updated 2016. ATTRA. https://attra.ncat.org/attra- pub/summaries/summary.php?pub=72 • Farmscaping: Making use of nature’s pest management services. 2013. eXtension article. http://articles.extension.org/pages/18573/farmscaping:-making-use-of-natures-pest-management-services • Managing Cover Crops Profitably, 3rd Ed. 2012. SARE. 248 p. http://www.sare.org/Learning- Center/Books/Managing-Cover-Crops-Profitably-3rd-Edition • Manage Insects on Your Farm: A Guide to Ecological Strategies. 2005. SARE. http://www.sare.org/Learning- Center/Books/Manage-Insects-on-Your-Farm • Southern SARE Biological Control http://www.southernsare.org/learning-center/Biological-Control • Southern IPM Center http://www.sripmc.org/index.cfm/center-projects/friends-of-ipm/ • Southern Sustainable Agriculture Working Group http://www.ssawg.org/ • US Forest Service Southern Research Station https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/ and Insects, Diseases, and Invasive Plants Research Work Unit https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/idip/ • Southern Fire Exchange Resource Center http://southernfireexchange.org • Oak Woodlands & Forests Fire Consortium http://www.oakfirescience.com/

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Minimizing Pesticide Risks to Beneficial Insects in Pest Management • Xerces Society pesticide-related publications (farming & agriculture tab) http://www.xerces.org/pesticides/ − Beyond the Birds and the Bees: Effects of Neonicotinoid Insecticides on Agriculturally Important Beneficial Insects − How Neonicotinoids Can Killl Bees − Neonicotinoids in Your Garden − Organic-Approved Pesticides: Minimizing Risk to Pollinators − How to Reduce Bee Poisoning from Pesticides • Wild Farm Alliance Biodiversity Conservation Guides http://wildfarmalliance.org/resources/organic_BD.htm • Biorationals: Ecological Pest Management Database by Rex Dufour. ATTRA Sustainable Agriculture https://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/biorationals/ • Bee precaution pesticide ratings. University of California IPM. http://www2.ipm.ucanr.edu/beeprecaution/ • Preventing or Mitigating Potential Negative Impacts of Pesticides on Pollinators Using Integrated Pest Management and Other Conservation Practices. USDA-NRCS. http://directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/34828.wba • Using Agroforestry Practices to Reduce Pesticide Risks to Pollinators & Other Agriculturally Beneficial Insects https://nac.unl.edu/documents/agroforestrynotes/an35g09.pdf

Beneficial Insect Identification & Biology Resources Facebook • NCSU Biological Control Information Center http://www4.ncsu.edu/~dorr/ • Pest management guides & fact sheets (NCSU) http://ecoipm.org/extension/management-guides-fact-sheets/ • Pollinators and natural enemies (MD) https://extension.umd.edu/hgic/insects/pollinators-and-natural-enemies • Common Beneficial Arthropods Found in Field Crops (TN & MS) http://utcrops.com/cotton/cotton_insects/pubs/W127-Beneficials.pdf • Lady beetle identification resources through The Lost Ladybug Project: http://www.lostladybug.org/identification-tools-1083.php • Lady beetle diversity poster (MN or SD) Minnesota: http://files.dnr.state.mn.us/eco/nongame/ladybugs-of-minnesota.pdf South Dakota: http://www.lostladybug.org/file_uploads/Ladybugs_of_SD_poster.pdf • Natural enemies gallery. University of California IPM Program. http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/NE/index.html • Biological Control: A Guide to Natural Enemies in North America. Cornell University. https://biocontrol.entomology.cornell.edu/index.php • Bugguide.net http://bugguide.net/

Research Publications Cited in Conservation Biocontrol Short Course Adamson, N., Ward, T., and Vaughan, M. 2012. Windbreaks designed with pollinators in mind. Inside Agroforestry 20(1): 8-10. http://nac.unl.edu/documents/insideagroforestry/vol20issue1.pdf Atwill, E., Tate, K., Pereira, M. 2006. Efficacy of natural grass buffers for removal of Cryptosporidium parvum in rangeland runoff. J Food Protect. 69:177-84. Cloyd, R. A., & Dickinson, A. 2006. Effect of insecticides on mealybug destroyer and parasitoid Leptomastix dactylopii, natural enemies of citrus. J Econ Entomo.l 99(5):1596–1604. Cloyd, R.A., Timmons, N.R., Goebel, J.M. and Kemp, K.E. 2009. Effect of pesticides on adult rove beetle Atheta coriaria (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) survival in growing medium. J Econ Entomol. 102(5):1750-1758. Cloyd, R.A., Galle, C.L., Keith, S.R., Kalscheur, N.A. and Kemp, K.E. 2009. Effect of commercially available plant- derived essential oil products on arthropod pests. J Econ Entomol. 102(4):1567-1579. Blubaugh, C. and Kaplan, I. 2015. Tillage compromises weed seed predator activity across developmental stages. Biol Control. 81:76-82. Biddinger, D.J., Robertson, J.L., Mullin, C., Frazier, J., Ashcraft, S.A., Rajotte, E.G., Joshi, N.K. and Vaughn, M. 2013. Comparative toxicities and synergism of apple orchard pesticides to Apis mellifera (L.) and Osmia cornifrons (Radoszkowski). PloS One. 8(9):e72587 3

Bianchi, F., Booij C, and Tscharntke, T. 2011. Sustainable pest regulation in agricultural landscapes: a review on landscape composition, biodiversity and natural pest control. Proc R Soc B. 273: 1715-1727. Degrandi-Hoffman, G., Chen, Y., Watkins Dejong, E., Chambers, M.L. and Hidalgo, G. 2015. Effects of oral exposure of fungicides on honey bee nutrition and virus level. J Econ Entomol. 108(6):2518-2528. Douglas, M, Rohr, J, and Tooker J. Neonicotinoid insecticide travels through a soil food chain, disrupting biological control of non-target pests and decreasing soya bean yield. 2014. J Appl Ecol. 52 (1): 250–60. Flint, M. and Van den Bosch, R. 2012. Introduction to integrated pest management. New York: Plenum Press. Hopwood, J., Black, S.H., Vaughn, M. and Lee-Mäder, E., 2013. Beyond the birds and the bees: effects of neonicotinoid insecticides on agriculturally important beneficial invertebrates. The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation. https://xerces.org/beyond-the-birds-and-the-bees/ Hull, L.A., E.H. Beers, & R.L. Meader. 1985. Impact of selective use of the synthetic pyrethroid fenvalerate on apple pests and natural enemies in large-orchard trials. J Econ Entomol. 78(1): 163-168. Iwasa, T., Motoyama, N., Ambrose, J.T. and Roe, R.M. 2004. Mechanism for the differential toxicity of neonicotinoid insecticides in the honey bee, Apis mellifera. Crop Prot. 23(5):371–378. Kim, D.S., Brooks, D.J. and Riedl, H. 2006. Lethal and sublethal effects of abamectin, spinosad, methoxyfenozide and acetamiprid on the predaceous plant bug Deraeocoris brevis in the laboratory. Biocontrol. 51(4):465. Knox, A., Tate, K., Dahlgren, R., and Atwill, E. 2007. Management reduces E. coli in irrigated pasture runoff. Calif Agric. 61:4. 159. Kunkel, B.A., Held, D.W. and Potter, D.A. 200. Lethal and sublethal effects of bendiocarb, halofenozide, and imidacloprid on Harpalus pennsylvanicus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) following different modes of exposure in turfgrass. J Econ Entomol. 94(1):60-67. Landis, D. A., Wratten, S. D., & Gurr, G. M. 2000. Habitat management to conserve natural enemies of arthropod pests in agriculture. Annu Rev Entomol. 45, 175–201. Losey, J & Vaughan, M. 2006. The economic value of ecological services provided by insects. BioScience. 56(4). Park, M.G., Blitzer, E.J., Gibbs, J., Losey, J.E. and Danforth, B.N. 2015, June. Negative effects of pesticides on wild bee communities can be buffered by landscape context. In Proc R Soc B. 282(1809):20150299. Pimental et al. 1997. Economic and environmental benefits of biodiversity. BioScience. 47(11). Morandin, L. A., Long, R. F., & Kremen, C. 2014. Hedgerows enhance beneficial insects on adjacent tomato fields in an intensive agricultural landscape. Agric Ecosyst Environ. 189:164–170. Naranjo, S., Ellsworth, P., and Frisvold, G. 2015. Economic value of biological control in integrated pest management of managed plant systems. Annu Rev Entomol. 60:621-645. Ragsdale D.W., Landis, D.A., Brodeur, J., Heimpel, G.E., and Desneux, N. 2011. Ecology and management of the soybean aphid in North America. Annu Rev Entomol. 56: 375-399. Schmuck, R., Stadler, T. and Schmidt, H.W. 2003. Field relevance of a synergistic effect observed in the laboratory between an EBI fungicide and a chloronicotinyl insecticide in the honeybee (Apis mellifera L, Hymenoptera). Pest Manag Sci. 59(3):279–286. Tate, K., Atwill, E., Bartholome, J. and Nader, G. 2006. Significant E. coli attenuation by vegetative buffers on annual grasslands. J Env Qual. 35:795-805. Tillman P.G., Khrimian, A., Cottrell, T.E., Lou, X., Mizell, III, R.F., and Johnson, C.J. 2015. Trap cropping systems and a physical barrier for suppression of stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Cotton. J Econ Entomol. 108(5):2324- 2334. Tscharntke T., Steffan-Denwenter, I., Kruess, A., and Thies, C. 2002. Contribution of small habitat fragments to conservation of insect communities of grassland-cropland landscapes. Ecol Appl. 12(2):354-363.

Additional Research Ali, A.D., and T.E. Reagan. 1985. Vegetation manipulation impact on predator and prey populations in Louisiana 4

sugarcane ecosystems. J. Econ. Entomol. 78: 1409–1414. Banks. J.E., A.S. Ackleh, and J.D. Stark. 2013. Biological control and pesticide disturbance: integrating life history data into predictive population models. In P.G. Mason, D.R. Gillespie and C.Vincent, Eds. Proc. 4th Intl. Symp. Biol. Control of Arthrop. Pucon, Chile. Bartholomew, C.S., D. Prowell, T. Griswold. 2006. An annotated checklist of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) in longleaf pine savannas of southern Louisiana and Mississippi. J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. https://doi.org/10.2317/0410.27.1 [Note: bee biased!] Douglas, M.R. and Tooker, J.F., 2016. Meta-analysis reveals that seed-applied neonicotinoids and pyrethroids have similar negative effects on abundance of arthropod natural enemies. PeerJ. 4:.e2776. Frank, D.L. and O.E. Liburd. 2005. Effects of living and synthetic mulch on the population dynamics of whiteflies and aphids, their associated natural enemies, and insect-transmitted plant diseases in zucchini. Environ Entomol 34(4): 857-865. Frank, S.D. and P.M. Shrewsbury. 2004. Effect of conservation strips on the abundance and distribution of natural enemies and predation of Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on golf course fairways. Environ Entomol 33(6): 1662-1672. Hopwood, J., Code, A., Vaughan, M., Biddinger, D., Shepherd, M., Black, S.H., Lee-Mäder, E. and Mazzacano, C. 2016. How neonicotinoids can kill bees. Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, Portland, OR. http://www.xerces.org/neonicotinoids-and-bees Riley, M.A. and R.A. Goyer. 1988. Seasonal abundance of beneficial insects and Ips spp. engraver beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidue) in felled loblolly and slash pines in Louisiana. J. Entomol. Sci. 15(6): 1220-1224. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/15.6.1220 Sivinski, J., D. Wahl, T. Holler, S. Al Dobai, and R. Sivinski. 2011. Conserving natural enemies with flowering plants: Estimating floral attractiveness to parasitic Hymenoptera and attraction’s relationship to flower and plant morphology. Biol Control 58: 208-214. Stewart, S.D., Lorenz, G.M., Catchot, A.L., Gore, J., Cook, D., Skinner, J., Mueller, T.C., Johnson, D.R., Zawislak, J. and Barber, J. 2014. Potential exposure of pollinators to neonicotinoid insecticides from the use of insecticide seed treatments in the mid-southern United States. Environ Sci Technol. 48(16):9762-9769.