Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
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atmosphere Books Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting Edited by Pius Lee, Rick Saylor and Jeff McQueen Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Atmosphere www.mdpi.com/journal/atmosphere MDPI Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting Special Issue Editors Pius Lee Books Rick Saylor Jeff McQueen MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade MDPI Special Issue Editors Pius Lee, Rick Saylor and Jeff McQueen NOAA USA Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban‐Anlage 66 Basel, Switzerland This edition is a reprint of the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Atmosphere (ISSN 2073‐4433) from 2017–2018 (available at: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/atmosphere/special_issues/air_monitoring). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: Books Lastname, F.M.; Lastname, F.M. Article title. Journal Name Year, Article number, page range. First Edition 2018 ISBN 978‐3‐03842‐839‐8 (Pbk) ISBN 978‐3‐03842‐840‐4 (PDF) Articles in this volume are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution license (CC BY), which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book taken as a whole is © 2018 MDPI, Basel, Switzerland, distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY‐NC‐ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by‐nc‐nd/4.0/). MDPI Table of Contents About the Special Issue Editors ..................................... v Pius Lee, Rick Saylor and Jeff McQueen Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting doi: 10.3390/atmos9030089 ...................................... 1 Wei Lu, Tinghua Ai, Xiang Zhang and Yakun He An Interactive Web Mapping Visualization of Urban Air Quality Monitoring Data of China doi: 10.3390/atmos8080148 ...................................... 3 Tiancai Zhou, Jian Sun and Huan Yu Temporal and Spatial Patterns of China’s Main Air Pollutants: Years 2014 and 2015 doi: 10.3390/atmos8080137 ...................................... 19 Baolei Lyu, Yuzhong Zhang and Yongtao Hu Improving PM2.5 Air Quality Model Forecasts in China Using a Bias-Correction Framework doi: 10.3390/atmos8080147 ...................................... 34 Hui Zhao, Youfei Zheng and Ting Li Air Quality and Control Measures Evaluation during the 2014 Youth Olympic Games in Nanjing and its Surrounding Cities doi: 10.3390/atmos8060100 ...................................... 49 Books Casey D. Bray, William Battye, Pornpan Uttamang, Priya Pillai and Viney P. Aneja Characterization of Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10) Relating to a Coal Power Plant in the Boroughs of Springdale and Cheswick, PA doi: 10.3390/atmos8100186 ...................................... 61 Samuel D. Lightstone, Fred Moshary and Barry Gross Comparing CMAQ Forecasts with a Neural Network Forecast Model for PM2.5 in New York doi: 10.3390/atmos8090161 ...................................... 74 Rodrigo Munoz-Alpizar, Radenko Pavlovic, Michael D. Moran, Jack Chen, Sylvie Gravel, Sarah B. Henderson, Sylvain M´enard,Jacinthe Racine, Annie Duhamel, Samuel Gilbert, Paul-Andr´e Beaulieu, Hugo Landry, Didier Davignon, Sophie Cousineau and V´eronique Bouchet Multi-Year (2013–2016) PM2.5 Wildfire Pollution Exposure over North America as Determined from Operational Air Quality Forecasts doi: 10.3390/atmos8090179 ...................................... 90 George M. Woodall, Mark D. Hoover, Ronald Williams, Kristen Benedict, Martin Harper, Jhy-Charm Soo, Annie M. Jarabek, Michael J. Stewart, James S. Brown, Janis E. Hulla, Motria Caudill, Andrea L. Clements, Amanda Kaufman, Alison J. Parker, Martha Keating, David Balshaw, Kevin Garrahan, Laureen Burton, Sheila Batka, Vijay S. Limaye, Pertti J. Hakkinen and Bob Thompson Interpreting Mobile and Handheld Air Sensor Readings in Relation to Air Quality Standards and Health Effect Reference Values: Tackling the Challenges doi: 10.3390/atmos8100182 ......................................114 iii MDPI Daniel-Eduard Constantin, Alexis Merlaud, Mirela Voiculescu, Carmelia Dragomir, Lucian Georgescu, Francois Hendrick, Gaia Pinardi and Michel Van Roozendael Mobile DOAS Observations of Tropospheric NO2 Using an UltraLight Trike and Flux Calculation doi: 10.3390/atmos8040078 ......................................140 Richard M´enardand Martin Deshaies-Jacques Evaluation of Analysis by Cross-Validation. Part I: Using Verification Metrics doi: 10.3390/atmos9030086 ......................................153 Richard M´enardand Martin Deshaies-Jacques Evaluation of Analysis by Cross-Validation, Part II: Diagnostic and Optimization of Analysis Error Covariance doi: 10.3390/atmos9020070 ......................................169 Barry Baker and Li Pan Overview of the Model and Observation Evaluation Toolkit (MONET) Version 1.0 for Evaluating Atmospheric Transport Models doi: 10.3390/atmos8110210 ......................................190 Books iv MDPI About the Special Issue Editors Pius Lee received his Ph.D. in Atmospheric and Ecological Science in 1994 under the supervision of Professor Hiroshiro Kitada of the Toyohashi Technical University, Japan. Dr. Lee is an adjunct professor in the Center for Spatial Information Science and Systems in George Mason University, VA USA. Dr. Lee is leading the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory project supporting the research and operational eligibility testing of the US National Air Quality Forecasting Capability (NAQFC). Dr. Lee and Co-Editor McQueen started the NAQFC team in 2003 and has since been instrumental in advancing the science, scope of service and accuracy of NAQFC. Rick Saylor is a Physical Scientist with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Air Resources Laboratory, Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division, in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and an Associate Research Professor at the University of Tennessee in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering in Knoxville, Tennessee. He obtained a B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering at the University of Kentucky and has over 28 years of experience as a researcher in atmospheric chemistry and air quality. His expertise includes analysis and interpretation of field measurement data of trace gases and particulate matter and modeling of atmospheric physics and chemistry across all scales from small-scale process models to regional- and global-scale 3-D models. Books Jeff McQueen has been NOAA/NWS National Center for Environmental Prediction Air Quality and dispersion modeling program leader since 2003. Mr. McQueen leads efforts to develop, test, implement and maintain the NOAA air quality and dispersion modeling systems. Mr. McQueen and his staff have established a national capability for ozone and particulate matter prediction by driving EPA’s CMAQ model with atmospheric fields from the NCEP North American Model (NAM) fields. Mr. McQueen has also chaired the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model Science Board and is a member of the WRF Model Atmospheric Chemistry and Ensemble Working Groups and OFCM Atmospheric Transport and Dispersion Joint Action Group. He currently co-chairs the Aerosols and Atmospheric Composition Unified Modeling Strategic Implementation Plan Working Group for NWS. Mr. McQueen’s research interests include atmospheric modeling and use of physical parameterizations and coupled models (e.g., boundary layer, land-surface) to quantify atmospheric dispersion uncertainties. v MDPI Books MDPI atmosphere Editorial Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting Pius Lee 1,2,*, Rick Saylor 1 and Jeff McQueen 3 1 NOAA/Air Resources Laboratory, NOAA Center for Weather and Climate Prediction, College Park, MD 20740, USA; [email protected] 2 Center for Spatial Information Science and Systems, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA 3 NOAA/NCEP/Environmental Modeling Center, NOAA Center for Weather and Climate Prediction, College Park, MD 20740, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 27 February 2018; Accepted: 28 February 2018; Published: 1 March 2018 Air quality forecasting is a vital tool for local health and air managers to make informed decisions on mitigation measures to reduce public exposure risk. Given a forecast of impending poor air quality, air quality managers may issue car-pooling advisories, authorize free public transportation or impose other mitigation and warning measures. Air composition monitoring and exposure records can inform long-term trends of major air pollutants and their health impacts. Epidemiologists use long term composition data to understand air pollution related diseases and mortality rates to support public health policies. This Special Issue highlights the interplay and co-benefit of air quality monitoring and forecasting. Books Public health is under a constant threat by air pollution across the world in various degrees and manifestations. In China, rapid economic growth has resulted in increased occurrences of poor air quality. In this special issue, Lu et al. [1] of Wuhan University and Zhou et al. [2] of Chengdu University respectively studied urban haze and the distribution of multiple pollutants in China. Lyu et al. [3] of Tsinghua University and Georgia Institute of technology advanced particulate matter forecasts in China. Zhao et al. [4] of Nanjing University studied the strong response of emission controls during a recent Youth Olympics event in Nanjing,