For Use In hospitals and Municipal Solid waste
Bio-safe, Eco-friendly, Green Technology SSiillvvcclleeaann
Trade name: Silvclean Formulation Type: Liquid
Active ingredients (A.I.): APPLICATIONS USEFUL AS Silver Ions embedded in a matrix of near 1. To inhibit growth of pathogens. Anti Septic 2. To remove bad odour. Astringent Nano Amino Acid as a suspension.
Biocide Silvclean is specially developed to eliminate offensive hospital odors on contact Bleaching Agent without masking them with fragrances. Cleanser It will effectively cleanse the air of offensive odors, complement existing ventilation Detergent systems and result in a fresh smelling environment. Disinfectant This will help create a healthy, chemical free atmosphere for patients to recuperate in.
Pigment Degrader Silvclean is specially developed to inhibit growth of pathogens Sterilizer Silvclean does not contain VOCs, harmful or ozone depleting chemicals and is
UV Absorbent especially beneficial for those suffering from allergies and chemical sensitivity.
RECOMMENDED USAGE: 1. Floor Mopping: 1-2 ml/ sq m ONLY REGULAR USAGE GIVES OPTIMUM RESULTS.
2. Laundry: 1.5-2.5 ml/ Kg Linen 3. Hand Wash: 1 ml/ wash RESULTS FOR FIRST TIME APPLICATION MAY BE NOTICEABLE ONLY AFTER 6-10 HOURS AFTER 4. Hazardous waste pretreatment: 20-25 ml APPLICATION. diluted in 1 L water and liberally sprayed.
NOTE: Silvclean is not conceived for decomposition of the organic waste.
INTRODUCTION
In hospitals, organic waste comes from various sources, including food waste, human feces and urine. Human feces collected at the bed of a patient presents risks of contagion, so the feces are collected in metal pans, taken to a central collection unit and disinfected by thermal treatment. Since the used and clean bed pans are handled in the same area, there is an extra risk of contagion. Also organic waste, starts decomposing and emanate foul odor if microbes are present; which again affect the patients and attendants psychologically and physiologically. Another problem that arises in hospitals is that wastewater is contaminated by medicine residues and hormone disruptors, often contained within the feces and urine of patients. Even though wastewater containing medicine residues and endocrine disruptors is disposed of and treated by conventional wastewater treatment plants, it is well known that these substances are hardly affected by such processes. While concentrations of Antibiotics, Hormones and other harsh chemicals in surface water may still be relatively low, it has already been proven that aquatic life has been much affected by such waters. Hospitals and healthcare facilities with chemical, sick room, urine, fecal, vomit, spill, bacteria, fungus, mold, mildew, food and other odors can result in complaints from patients who perceive the air to be polluted and unhealthy.
Mode of action
The active material is silver in Nan0-ionic form and in ≤ 400 nm size. Silver is completely stable carrier in form of suspension. Pure silver has the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of all metals and has the lowest contact resistance (Nordberg and Gerhardsson 1988). Ancient civilizations were aware of the bactericidal properties of silver (Hill and Pillsbury 1939). Metallic silver was used for surgical prosthesis and splints, fungicides, and coinage. Soluble silver compounds such as silver salts, have been used in treating mental illness, epilepsy, nicotine addiction, gastroenteritis, and infectious diseases, including syphilis and gonorrhea (Marshall and Schneider 1977; Shelley et al. 1987; Gulbranson et al. 2000). Its stability has been tested in accelerated and long terms studies. Silver is known antibacterial agent. Its nano-particles can kill all kinds of bacteria in very low concentration (about 5 ppm). It is also an antiviral and can fight against various kinds of viruses. Silver acts as a photo catalyst. In the presence of air oxygen, it can produce free radicals, and these free radicals can affect the micro organisms and kill them. Silver’s mode of action is presumed to be dependent on Ag+ ions, which strongly inhibit bacterial growth through suppression of respiratory enzymes and electron transport components and through interference with DNA functions. Silver can affect the di-sulficdic bands, between protein complexes. Thus the 3-d form of protein changes and it cannot perform as an enzyme. In case this happens in bacteria cell wall, the selective permeability of cell wall changes, therefore, bacteria swallows and will destroy. If this process occurs in energy cycle enzymes, then, the production of ATP stops and the lack of energy will kill microorganisms. On viruses, the glycoprotein knobs of viral envelop, that are virus antigenic receptors, has a di-sulfic band. This band could be attacked by silver nanoparticles and can destroy the virus and prevents its attachment with host cell. With this mechanism of actions, silver nanoparticles can be used instead of all antibacterial agents and in preventive form; it can be even used as a vaccine.
Biological Particularity
In "Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from Staphylococcus aureus and its antimicrobial activity against MRSA and MRSE" (Anima Nanda MSc, PhD and M. Saravanan MSc, MPhil) it was found that not only was nano-silver effective in prohibiting the growth of 5 of the six bacteria strains tested, it was also found to be most effective against MRSA and MRSE, two well known "super bugs" resistant to antibiotics.
Antibiotic effectiveness was increased 20%-70% against test bacteria strains. (Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, Volume 6, Issue 1, Pages 103-109 A. Fayaz, K. Balaji, M. Girilal, R. Yadav, P. Kalaichelvan, R. Venketesan)
Product chemistry
Trade name: Silvclean
Silvclean is a cost effective, universally applicable gas adsorbent, odor controller, fly and maggot repellant.
Formulation type: Liquid suspension
Active ingredients (A.I.): Silver Ions embedded in a matrix of near Nano Amino acid as a suspension.
Common name: silver (Ag+)
Name CAS # CONTENTS Colloidal Silver 9015-51-4 50-100 ppm ≤ 400 nm size particle suspension
Synonyms for Silver: Ag, Argentum, Silver, Silver Particles, Ultra-fine Silver, Nano Silver, Silber (German), Silver atoms,
Pure Silver Characteristics:
Molecular weight: 107.87
Molecular Formula: Ag
Boiling point: 2162 °C for pure silver
Melting point: 961.78 °C for pure Silver
Heat of Decomposition: Currently not available
Reid Vapor Pressure: Currently not available
Bulk Density : 10490 kg/m³ as pure silver
Solubility in water and organic solvents Silver is insoluble. In this product is in colloidal form and the particles are nano.
Viscosity (liquid form): Not Pertinent
PURE SILVER
CLASSIFICATION: Silver is a Block D, Group 11, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Silver's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Kr]4d10 5s1. In its elemental form silver's CAS number is 7440-22-4. The silver atom has a radius of 144.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 144.pm.
CAS NO.: 7440-22-4
EINECS Number: 231-131-3
RTECS Number: VW3500000
Hazards identification
HMIS RATING Health: 0 Flammability: 0 Reactivity: 1
NFPA RATING Health: 0 Flammability: 0 Reactivity: 1
Colloidal Silver:
CAS#: 9015-51-4
RTECS: Not available.
TSCA: TSCA 8(b) inventory: No products were found.
CI#: Not available.
Synonym: Silver nucleate; silver protein, mild; Silvol; mild protargin; silver metal, colloidal
Chemical Name: Colloidal Silver
Chemical Formula: Not available.
Appearance, color, odor, physical state: Nano particles
Particle Size: ≤ 400 nm
Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Colliodal Silver LD50: Not available. LC50: Not available.
Federal and State Regulations: TSCA 8(b) inventory: No products were found.
Other Regulations: Not available.
Other Classifications:
WHMIS (Canada): Not controlled under WHMIS (Canada).
Protective Equipment: None
Health Hazarads
Routes of Entry:
1. Inhalation: None.
2. Skin: None.
3. Ingestion: None.
Signs and Symptom of Exposure: None
Medical Conditions Generally Aggravated by Exposure: None
Acute Health Hazard: None
Chronic Health Hazard: None Carcinogenicity: Composition: content, solvent, additive: No Solvents
Combustion Molar Ratio (Reactant to Product): Not Pertinent
Corrosiveness: Non-corrosive
Materials to be avoided: Alkaline substances, antibiotics
Foam when mixed water: NA
Stability at 50 degrees C: Stable under ordinary conditions of use and storage.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Metal oxide fume.
Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur.
Incompatibilities: Silver is incompatible with acetylene, ammonia.
Major Contaminants that contribute to instability: Light, Heat, Alkalies
Storage and shelf life: Store in a dry location away from heat and out of direct sunlight in containers fitted with a safety valve or vent. Storage temperature: <104°F (40°C). Store in an area away from acids, bases, metals, metal salts, reducing agents, organic materials or flammable substances. Do not store near or expose to heat sources (ie: steam pipes, radiant heaters, hot hair vents or Welding sparks) Rotate inventories - first in, first out.
First aid
If in eyes: Hold eye open and rinse slowly and gently with water for 15-20 minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present, after first 5 minutes, then continue rinsing eye. Call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice.
If on skin or clothing: Take off contaminated clothing. Rinse skin immediately with plenty of water for 10-15 minutes. Then use non-abrasive soap and large amounts of water for another 10-20 minutes. Be particularly careful to clean folds, crevices, creases and groin.
Serious Skin Contact: Wash with plenty of water. Seek medical attention.
If swallowed: Have person sip a glass of water if able to swallow. Do not induce vomiting unless told to do so by the poison control center or doctor.
If inhaled: Move person to fresh air. If person is not breathing, call 911 or an ambulance, then give artificial respiration, preferably by mouth-to-mouth, if possible. Call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice.
Notes to Physician: Modest irritation is only expected effect and should have no serious consequences since Silver is a noble metal with low toxicity and is beneficial in all respects. If large quantities are ingested, gastrointestinal irritation is to be expected. No systemic effects are expected. Have the product container or label with you when calling a poison control center or doctor, or going for treatment.
Efficacy data from other countries: Not Available
Safe in use: GENERALLY RECOMMENDED AS SAFE
Toxicology
Modern Colloidal Silver applications
Numerous ingested toxicity studies have been completed on nano-silver products. Some of the studies are outlined below: Independent LD-50 tests on animals at levels equivalent to approximately 200 times the normal internal use adult dosage were found to be non-toxic to the animals. A 28-day bird flu study completed by a U.S. NIH virology lab also included a toxicity study in which the animals were fed levels of the nano-silver at 10-200 times the normal dosage daily. The ASAP nano-silver products were found to be non-toxic to the animals in the long term study. A separate medical college study tested the ingestion of nano-silver product in animals at levels of 0.5 ml, 1.0 ml, and 1.5 ml daily for 28 days, and again found the product completely non-toxic to the animals. An Indian (WHO approved) lab tested the ASAP nano-silver products for toxicity in a mouse-model study at levels of 50, 500, 5,000 mg/kg. The product was again found to be completely non-toxic to the animals at all levels tested in the Indian study. A peer-reviewed preliminary HIV Human study found that the oral ingestion of 2 ounces daily for four months of the 10 ppm ASAP nano-silver product, had no negative effect on the seven human patients. A U.S. Congressional Testimony outlines the use of the ASAP nano-silver product at between 0.5-1.0 ounce daily use at 10 ppm, for human use of the product against malaria and other human ailments (120+ cases). In all cases, no negative effects were reported from any of the four hospitals and clinics that tested the product, by either external or internal use (mostly internal use). Silver has been used for generations in goblets, silverware, and other food areas because of the belief that it inhibits diseases. In more recent times, the former Soviet Union used silver to sterilize recycled water on their space shuttles. Many international airlines use silver water filters to ensure safe drinking water for passengers. The Swiss have approved use of these filters in homes and offices. Some US city municipalities use silver in treatment of sewage and is sometimes used to purify swimming pool water to avoid the stinging of the eyes that chlorine causes. CS also purifies drinking water. Silver has become the latest agent in the fight against airborne toxins, as well other industrial poisons, in the Japanese work place. Dr.Henry Crooks (Use of Colloids in Health-Disease) found that silver in the colloidal state is highly germicidal, quite harmless to humans and absolutely non-toxic. Dr. Becker's experiments conclude that silver works on the full spectrum of pathogens without any side effects or damage to any part of the body. Due to its antimicrobial properties, silver has also been incorporated in filters to purify drinking water and clean swimming pool water (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry [ATSDR] 1990, cited in World Health Organization [WHO] 2002).
ORAL LD50: LD50 is 2854 mg/Kg of animal body weight The silver level is well below 180 micrograms / person / day permitted by W.H.O. Hence it is safe for human as well as aquatic and terrestrial animal life.
Genetic toxicity in vitro: - In vitro tests did not show mutagenic effects
Effect on suckling and lactating dams: Not determined
Neurotoxicity in Hens: No Neuro-toxic effect at the recommend dosage
Residue and effect on human: Safe work practices should always be followed.
Residue data from other countries: Not Available
Fatty tissue accumulation: Not pertinent. Not determined. No dietary exposure is expected from the uses of Silvclean since no food or feed uses are registered.
Max Residue Limit (MRLs): Not Pertinent
Acceptable daily intake (ADI): None determined. No dietary exposure is expected from the uses of Silvclean since no food or feed uses are contemplated for registration.
Effect on environment
Effect on natural enemies: Not Available
Environment fate: Not suspected to be an environmental toxin.
Products of Biodegradation: Possibly hazardous short term degradation products are not likely.
Toxicity of the Products of Biodegradation: The product itself and its products of degradation are non toxic.
Special Remarks on the Products of Biodegradation: Not available.
Volatility: Low
Absorption in the soil: It has minimal tendency to bind to soil or sediment
Leaching:-
GUS leaching potential index: Not pertinent
Soil degradation and Hydrolysis: Not available
Photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7: Photolysis is part of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
Effect on non-target organisms
Effect on bird, bees and wild animals: Not available
Effect on fish, aquatics: Not available
Effect on natural enemies: Not Available
Web References: www.healthcarewasre.org www.noharm.org www.medwastecontest.org www.cleanmed.org www.cdc.gov/exposurereport www.telmedpak.com.waste_disposal http://www.indmedica.com/journals.php?journalid=11&issueid=98&articleid=1324&action=article. http://envfor.nic.in/legis/hsm/biomed.html - Website of the MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT & FORESTS.
References Anderson RL, Mackel DC, Stoler BS, Mallison GF. Carpeting in hospitals: An epidemiological evaluation. J Clin Microbiol 1982;15:408-15. Biomedical Waste Management - An Emerging Concern in Indian Hospitals. Blaser MJ, Smith PF, Cody HJ, Wang WL, LaForce FM. Killing of fabric-associated bacteria in hospital laundry by low temperature washing. J Infect Dis 1984;149:48-57. Centers for Disease Control. Viral hemorrhagic fever: initial management of suspected and confirmed cases. MMWR (suppl) 1983;32: 275-405. Christian RR, Manchester JT, Mellor MT. Bacteriological quality of fabrics washed at lower-than-standard temperatures in a hospital laundry facility. Appl Env Microbiol 1983;45:591-7. Favero MS. Chemical disinfection of medical and surgical materials. In: Block SS, ed. Disinfection, sterilization and preservation. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1983;469-92. Fed Reg June 22, 1984, 29 CFR 1910, Occupational Exposure to Ethylene Oxide. Garner JS, Simmons BP. Guideline for isolation precautions in hospitals. Infect Control 1983;4:245-325. Govt of India, Ministry of Environment and Forests Gazette notification No 460 dated July 27, New Delhi:1998:10-20 Hughes HG. Chutes in hospitals. J Can Hosp Assn 1964;41:56-7. Institute for Health Policy Analysis, Georgetown University Medical Center. Proceedings of International Conference on the Reuse of Disposable Medical Devices in the 1980's. March 29-30, 1984. Washington, D.C. Jacobs C, Brunner FP, Chantler C, et al. Combined report on regular dialysis and transplantation in Europe VII. 1976. Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc 1977;14:3-69. Joint Committee on Health Care Laundry Guidelines. Guidelines for healthcare linen service. Mallandale, FL: Textile Rental Services Association of America, 1983; TRSA publication no. 71482. Lauer JL, Battles DR, Vesley D. Decontaminating infectious laboratory waste by autoclaving. Appl Environ Microbiol 1982;44:690-4. Levin N. Dialyzer re-use in a hospital. Dial and Transplant 1980;9(1): 40-6. National AIDS Control Organisation. Manual of Hospital infection control, New Delhi, 1998;50-66 Park K. Hospital Waste Management. Park’s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine. M/s Banarasidas Bhanot Publications, New Delhi. 18th Edn, 2005: 595-598. Pronovost P, Needham D, Berenholtz S, et al. (2006). "An intervention to decrease catheter-related bloodstream infections in the ICU". N. Engl. J. Med. 355 (26): 2725–32. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa061115. PMID 17192537. Romeo AA. The economics of reuse. In: Reuse of disposable medical devices in the 1980's. Proceedings of International Conference on the Reuse of Disposable Medical Devices in the 1980's, The Institute for Health Policy Analysis, Georgetown University Medical Center, 1984 Mar 29-30. Washington, D.C.: Institute for Health Policy Analysis, 1984: 43-9. Rutala WA, Sarubbi FA. Management of infectious waste from hospitals. Infect Control 1983;4:198-203. Rutala WA, Stiegel MM, Sarubbi FA. Decontamination of laboratory microbiological waste by steam sterilization. Appl Environ Microbiol 1982;43:1311-6. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Guidelines for construction and equipment of hospital and medical facilities. Washington: Government Printing Office, July 1984. DHHS publication No. (HRS-M-HF) 84-1. Walter WG, Schillinger JE. Bacterial survival in laundered fabrics. Appl Microbiol 1975:29:368-73. Weber DJ, Rutala WA (2006). "Use of germicides in the home and the healthcare setting: is there a relationship between germicide use and antibiotic resistance?". Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 27 (10): 1107–19. doi:10.1086/507964. PMID 17006819. Wing AJ, Brunner FP, Brynger H, et al. Mortality and morbidity of reusing dialyzers. Br Med J 1978;2:853-5.
DISCLAIMER:
Flagship India provides the information contained herein in good faith, in compliance with the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, but makes no representation as to its comprehensiveness or accuracy. This document is intended only as a guide to the appropriate precautionary handling of the material by a properly trained person using this product. Flagship India warrants that this product is of merchantable quality. The implied warranty of fitness for a particular purpose is limited to the extent the products are used for the purpose or uses described on the product's label or in any written instructions or materials distributed to the buyer by Flagship India and is hereby disclaimed should buyer use the products in a manner inconsistent with this uses or purposes described therein. In no event shall Flagship India be liable for any consequential, exemplary, or incidental damages incurred by buyer even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
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