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“Conservation Review” Seasonal publication Volume -0 Nummber 1 (2012) Grand Egyptian Museum Conssrvation Center Dr. Hussein Bassir General Supervisor of GEM Review in Conservation” is a journal that will be published four times per year by the Grand Egyptian Museum, Conservation Center GEM - CC, Focuses on Osama Abou El-khier conservation and technical study of Egyptian materials, Ececutive manager of GEM CC including material identification, conservation literature deals with their specific problems,technical examination Dr. Hussien Kamal Conservation Treatment, practical treatment, methods Technical manager of GEM CC of documentation, Data management, Standardization, History of materials and techniques, technology and manufacturing processes, Methods of scientific Research, conservation ethics, conservation Management, Science Mohamed AbdelRohman (chemistry, physics, biology, mineralogy, color theory director of Library & scientific up blishing ),Identification and study of deterioration processes, GEM CC preventive conservation and restoration. Design and editing: -Noor Mohamed abdelHamed [email protected] -Ibrahim AbdelFattah Language review: -Karim Salah Cover photo: Bronze Statuettes at the Grand Egyptian Museum, Egypt. dates back to the 3rd intermediat/ late period. Photo By: Ibrahim Abdel-Fattah. s Editorial nt Articles e Susanna Gänsicke’s, “Artifact Conservation and Egyptology”,in nt “Egyptology Today.” Edited by: Richard H. Wilkinson, University of Arizona: Cambridge University Press, 2008. o Reviewed by, Mohamed Abdel rahman, Gilding of limestone Artifacts in Ancient Egypt. TahaEman, DayhoumMayssa and AliOmaima The Film Forming Materials as a binding Medium for Ancient Egyp- tian Pigments ( Part one ) C BasemGehadFathy Damage diagnosis on stone monuments – weathering forms, damage categories and damage indices BERND FITZNER and KURT HEINRICHS reviews by: Nour M. Badr Part 1 Mapping procedure, data processing and evaluation Bronze alloy in ancient Egypt (from the old kingdom to late period) El Bably,Asmaa; El-maghrby,Arig; Medhat,AbdelRahman Damage diagnosis on stone monuments – weathering forms, damage categories and damage indices BERND FITZNER and KURT HEINRICHS reviews by: Nour M. Badr Part 1 Mapping procedure, data processing and evaluation Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in Grand Egyptian Museum – Con- servation Center By Abdel Wahab, A. M., Mohamed, D. M., Mohalhal, H. A. Monitoring study for (Temperature& Relative Humidity) in conserva- tioncenter Grand Egyptian Museum Walid, M. EDITORIAL By Mohamed AbdelRohman director of Library & scientific publishing GEM CC “Review in Conservation” is a journal that will be published four times per year by the Grand Egyptian Museum, Conservation Center GEM - CC, Although there are many publications and specialized periodicals in the field of conservation, But What will distinguish this Review that It will Focuses on conservation and technical study of Egyptian materials, including mate- rial identification, conservation literature deals with their specific rp oblems, It will provide a comprehensive coverage of conservation literature and technical examination Conservation Treatment, practical treatment, methods of documentation, Data management, Standardiza- tion, History of materials and techniques, technology and manufacturing processes, Meth- ods of scientific Research, conservation ethics, conservation Management, Science (chemistry, physics, biology, mineralogy, color theory ),Identification and study of deterioration processes, preventive conservation and restoration. Basically, we believe that Review will be the best pos- sible way to truly develop the academic skills of conservators through Interaction with con- servation literature also We think it will be a great step forward towards sharing knowledge in open access in our field with international institutes of reference, such as ICCROM & AIC. At last, Review gives us a very wonderful opportunity to share information from one part in the conservation community, to another and we hope that others now can join us by their con- versation comments or elsewhere on the internet. Susanna Gänsicke’s, “Artifact Conservation and Egyptology”,in “Egyptol- ogy Today.” Edited by: Richard H. Wilkinson, University of Arizona: Cam- bridge University Press, 2008. Reviewed by, Mohamed Abdel rahman, [email protected] Egyptology Today is a collection of essays by a team Gănsicke throw light The most important topic sub- of archaeologists, curators, scholars, and conservators jects who are all working in the field, present techniques 1 - Upon the whole, conservation of Egyptian ma- and methods to explain the discipline of Egyptology. terials does not differ from conservation of any other The book is separated into four parts, with three es- types of objects: the same principles are valid. But, a says covering many aspects of Egyptology. point should clear here; according Gănsicke view: Part I – Methods, a number of particulars are unique to Egypt. Certain Part II – Monuments and Site Survey, materials were predominantly used, manufactured, or Part III – Art and Artefact, invented in Egypt, such as Egyptian faience, certain Part IV – Texts pigments, and the use of specific ro ganic varnishes Egyptology Today looks at the techniques and meth- and surface coatings, as well as the entire group of ods that are used to increase our understanding of a substances related to mummification. Intrinsic char- distant culture that was as old to the Greeks and Ro- acteristics of natural Egyptian materials, such as sedi- mans as these cultures are to us. mentary limestone, can lead to very specific rp oblems. The final essay in this third of part of this book, Su- Soil chemistry, arid desert condition, and other factors sanna Gänsicke’s wrote the important topic of con- of the Egyptian environment produce deterioration servation, “Artifact Conservation and Egyptology”, patterns that differ from those observed on archaeo- she introduces the general principal of conservation logical objects from, for example, northern Europe. practice and their development over time , as well as Through this view , Gănsicke could look specifically how they relate to the needs of Egyptology. she starts most common, specificA ncient Egyptian Materials: with a discussion about the role of conservation in Their uses and Prevalent Damages as a Result of Bur- Egyptology and how the skills come from a multidis- ial or Exposure, In Egyptian environmental context. ciplinary background. 2- Most chemical and structural changes of conser- Initially, the fundamental role of the Conservator-Re- vation materials are permanent and cannot be re- storer is the preservation of cultural heritage for the versed, but some ongoing destructive processes can benefit of present and future generations. be controlled or halted, preventing or minimizing The Conservator-Restorer contributes to the percep- future damage. Fundamental to modern conserva- tion, appreciation and understanding of cultural her- tion is the principle of reversibility, which demands itage in respect of its environmental context and its that materials and methods should be selected similar significance and physical properties. to the original one on the basis that they will remain According: the European Confederation of Conserva- removable without altering or damaging the original tor-Restorers’ Organizations and adopted by its Gen- materials, and for their stability and aging properties. eral Assembly , Brussels 1 March 2002 Hardness, strength, stability, binding properties, opti- Through The clue in above definitionof conservation, cal appearance (color and surface structure). Gänsicke could outline how scientificanalysis is used to study artifacts, determine the best method of repair, 3- Chosen objects, selected either for their signifi- and even assess potential acquisitions. Gănsicke de- cance in themselves or for role within a specific col- scribed main problems facing conservator is the dam- lection, may receive involved and lengthy treatment, age caused by earlier attempts at conservation, using while others, often large groups of repetitive materi- materials available at the time which caused more als, may be better served by proper documentation damage. and storage without treatment. 3 4- Opinions about how much restoration is appro- are successfully stabilized using less aggressive meth- priate or how much restoration should be integrated ods, including local consolidation and with the original material can radically change over tightly sealed environments with stable relative hu- time. Likewise the understanding of how much age midity. an object is allowed to show varies. Conservator must preserve all ancient physical evidence can con- 6- Technological development has continued to flict with curators’ vision of restoration and presenta- change and advance the conservation profession. tion. Increasingly refined and sophisticated analytical techniques allow a much greater 5- In the past, many interventions were carried out Degree of material identification, aided by grow- with the best intentions using the prevalent methods ing databases of ancient materials and techniques. I of the tune, but it has become apparent that often think, this is what we need to do, in GEM-CC, to cre- the materials used did not age as well as the ancient ate data bank ancient Egyptian materials, to solve the substances they were meant to preserve. Thus, today’s doubts that can arise in the conservation profession.

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