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З. Ф. Галимова Basic Math in English

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З. Ф. Галимова Basic Math in English Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации ФГБОУ ВПО «Удмуртский государственный университет» Факультет профессионального иностранного языка З. Ф. Галимова BASIC MATH IN ENGLISH Учебно-практическое пособие Ижевск 2013 УДК 811.11(075) Contents ББК 81.432.1-8я73 Предисловие…………………………………………………... 5 Г 157 Сhapter 1. Arithmetic………………………………………… 7 Рекомендовано к изданию Учебно-методическим советом УдГУ Unit 1. Understanding Classification of Numbers…………….. 7 Unit 2. The Laws of Arithmetic………………………………... 14 Рецензент кандидат фил.наук, доцент Н. Н. Черкасская Unit 3. The Order of Operations……………………………….. 20 Unit 4. Types of Fractions……………………………………… 24 Unit 5. Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division of 30 Галимова З. Ф. Fractions…………………………………………………….. Г 157 Basic Math in English: учебно-практическое пособие. – Unit 6. Converting Fractions to Decimals and vice versa……… 35 Ижевск: Изд-во «Удмуртский университет», 2013. – 156 c. Unit 7. Introduction to Decimals……………………………….. 40 Unit 8. Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division of 46 Учебно-практическое пособие предназначено для студентов Decimals……………………………………………………….. бакалавриата направлений «Прикладная математика и информа- Unit 9. Percent…………………………………………………. 50 тика», «Математика и компьютерные науки», «Механика и ма- тематическое моделирование». Пособие ориентировано на чтение современной математиче- Chapter 2. Algebra…………………………………………... 54 ской литературы на английском языке. Пособие включает зада- Unit 1. Algebraic Expressions…………………………………. 54 ния, направленные на развитие следующих умений: умения пе- Unit 2. Less than, Equal to, Greater Than Symbols……………. 59 реводить тексты с английского языка на русский, реферировать и Unit 3. Monomial and Polynomial……………………………. 67 пересказывать тексты на анлийском языке, умение понимать ма- Unit 4. Factoring Numbers…………………………………….. 72 тематические задачи на английском языке, а также умения ана- Unit 5. Solving Linear Inequalities……………………………. 78 лизировать грамматические явления, которые встречаются при Unit 6. Ways to Solve Systems of Linear Equations in Two 83 чтении текстов. Variables………………………………………………………... Пособие может быть использовано на аудиторных занятиях, Unit 7. Square Roots: Introduction & Simplification………….. 89 для самостоятельного изучения, а также во время переводческой практики студентов, получающих дополнительную квалифика- Unit 8. Logarithms……………………………………………... 95 цию по направлению «Переводчик в сфере профессиональной коммуникации». Chapter 3. Practical Grammar………………………………. 99 Unit 1. Настоящее время группы Simple в страдательном залоге. 99 УДК 811.11(075) Unit 2. Сравнительная степень прилагательных……………. 101 ББК 81.432.1-8Я73 Unit 3. Причастие действительного залога (the Participle I)... 103 Unit 4. Модальные глаголы can, may, to be to......................... 105 © З. Ф. Галимова, 2013 Unit 5. Инфинитив (the Infinitive)…………………………… 111 © ФГБОУ ВПО «Удмуртский государствен- Unit 6. Будущее время группы Simple в страдательном залоге. 114 ный университет», 2013 Unit 7. Герундий (the Gerund)………………………………… 115 3 Unit 8. Сравнение форм причастия и герундия (the Gerund и 117 ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ the Participle I)…………………………………………………. Учебно-практическое пособие предназначено для студентов Unit 9. Настоящее время группы Perfect в действительном 119 бакалавриата направлений «Прикладная математика и информа- залоге………………………………………………………….. тика», «Математика и компьютерные науки», «Механика и ма- Unit 10. Latin Terms used in Mathematics…………………….. 121 тематическое моделирование». Unit 11. Прошедшее время группы Simple в страдательном 125 Пособие соответствует программным требованиям Феде- залоге…………………………………………………………….. рального государственного образовательного стандарта. Unit 12. Модальные глаголы should, might и be able to………. 127 Актуальность создания данного пособия обусловлена тем, Unit 13. Косвенная речь (Reported Speech)………………….. 129 что не существует современных узкоспециализированных учеб- Unit 14. Настоящее время группы Perfect в страдательном 131 ных изданий по английскому языку. Данное пособие поможет залоге………………………………………………………….. студентам ориентироваться в английской научной литературе, Unit 15. Причастие страдательного залога (the Participle II).. 133 составить словарь-минимум по математике, освоить практику Unit 16. Настоящее время группы Continuous в страдатель- 133 решения математических задач на английском языке. ном залоге……………………………………………………... Пособие способствует формированию таких компетенций, Unit 17. Модальный глагол must и to have to……………….. 135 как умение анализировать аутентичный материал, извлекать ин- Unit 18. Cослагательное наклонение (Conditionals)………. 138 формацию для дальнейшего практического применения, умение понимать узкоспециальную литературу, умение составлять сло- Appendix A: Mathematical Symbols………………………… 142 варь по математическим терминам, умение участвовать в обсуж- A.1. Basic Math symbols………………………………………. 142 дении тем, связанных со специальностью (задавать вопросы и A.2. Algebra symbols………………………………...………… 144 адекватно реагировать на них). Каждый текст снабжён гипер- ссылками для самостоятельного изучения предложенных тем. A.3. Linear Algebra Symbols...………………………………… 146 Цели учебного пособия «Basic Math in English» следующие: A.4. Probability and Statistics Symbols………...……………… 146 во-первых, научить студентов читать математическую литерату- A.5. Combinatorics Symbols……………...…………………… 149 ру, извлекая при этом научную информацию с нужной степенью A.6. Set Theory Symbols…………………...………………….. 149 полноты и точности, во-вторых, студенты должны уметь пере- A.7. Logic Symbols…………………………………………….. 151 водить аутентичные математические тексты с английского языка A.8. Calculus & Analysis Symbols…………………………... 152 на русский язык, в-третьих, студенты должны достичь опреде- лённого уровня владения устной речью, который позволил бы References……………………………………………………... 155 им беседовать по специальности и делать устные научные сооб- щения. При разработке данного учебного пособия учитывались следующие факторы: 1) цель обучения английскому языку на математическом факультете; 2) степень подготовленности сту- дентов и специфика восприятия языка студентами; 3) требования программы и количество часов, отведенное на занятия; 4) сис- темность и последовательность подачи материала. 4 5 Пособие состоит из трёх разделов (chapters): «Arithmetic», Сhapter 1. ARITHMETIC «Algebra», «Practical Grammar» и приложения. Каждый раздел объединяет темы (units). В каждой теме присутствуют задания, Unit 1. The Ultimate Guide to Number Classification нацеленные на отработку знания терминологии, развитие грам- матических навыков, а также предложены тексты для рефериро- We have been using numbers in everyday life. Everything from 0 to вания и перевода с русского языка на английский язык и наобо- 22/7 might sound the same to most, but numbers differ from one an- рот. В каждом теме имеется рубрика об интересных математиче- other. Based on their characteristics, they are classified in groups. ских фактах, шуточные математические задачи и стихотворения, Read below for more details on each number group. высказывания о математике, задания на логику. Real Numbers (R) В первом разделе «Arithmetic» содержится семь тем – All kinds of numbers that you usually think of – from bus route (units). В каждой теме представлены два аутентичных текста по numbers, to your weight, to pi and even the square root of pi! In short математике. Каждый текст направлен на совершенствование на- everything!! Everything? Really? Real numbers are all numbers on a выков различных видов чтения, расширение словарного запаса, number line. The set of R is the union of all rational numbers and all составление терминологических словарей, а также представлены irrational numbers. задания на перевод с русского языка на английский и на рефери- Imaginary numbers рование английских текстов. – Have you ever tried finding the square root of -1? If you haven’t, Второй раздел «Algebra» состоит из восьми тем (units), в try it on your calculator. It might show an error (if it is a dumb calc) которых студенты знакомятся с алгебраическими выражениями, or it might show an ‘i’. That little ‘i’ is called an imaginary number. логарифмами и т.д. Все тексты являются аутентичными. In short square roots of negative numbers make imaginary numbers. Третий раздел «Practical Grammar» состоит из восемна- An imaginary number is a number which square is a negative real дцати тем. Цель данного раздела – дать объяснение грамматиче- number, and is denoted by the symbol i, so that i2 = -1. E.g.: -5i, 3i, ских явлений, которые встречались при чтении текстов в первой 7.5i, &c. и во второй главах, а также представить задания на отработку In some technical applications, j is used as the symbol for imaginary знаний о грамматики. В данном разделе грамматический мате- number instead of i. риал изложен в форме таблиц на русском языке, что даёт воз- Complex Numbers (C) можность студентам лучше понять грамматическое явление. По- – It’s rather simple! Make a combination of real and imaginary num- сле объяснения грамматического материала предлагаются зада- bers and voila! You get a complex number. Stuff like 3+2i or 3/4i ния на закрепление полученных знаний. В разделе представлен make up complex numbers. Just think of it when you mix a real список латинских терминов и примеры их использования в ма- number with an imaginary one, things do get a bit complex! тематических текстах. A complex number consists of two part, real number and imaginary В приложении (Appendix) предоставлена информация о number,
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