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Pitkä Tie Pohjois-Karjalasta Arkadianmäelle Suomalaisten Naisten Pitkä T  H Tie Politiikan Marginaalista

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Pitkä Tie Pohjois-Karjalasta Arkadianmäelle Suomalaisten Naisten Pitkä T  H Tie Politiikan Marginaalista | N | T | N H | T H Pitkä tie Pohjois-Karjalasta Arkadianmäelle Suomalaisten naisten pitkä T H tie politiikan marginaalista päätöksenteon eturiviin käy ilmi Pitkä tie Pohjois-Karjalasta Arkadianmäelle tästä historian väitöskirjasta, jossa Pitkä tie Pohjois-Karjalasta selvitetään naisten rekrytointia kansanedustajaehdokkaiksi ja Arkadianmäelle kansanedustajiksi valittujen naisten kouliintumishistoriaa Pohjois- Naisten edustajaehdokkuudet ja Karjalassa vuosina – . naiskansanedustajien kouliintumishistoria 1907–1999 Tutkimuksessa arvioidaan muun muassa naisjärjestöjen roolia ja naisten vaalikampanjointia. Asiakirjojen kertomaa täydentävät naiskansanedustajien haastattelut. P U E F Dissertations in Social Sciences and Business Studies P U E F Dissertations in Social Sciences and Business Studies ---- - Pitkä tie Pohjois-Karjalasta Arkadianmäelle Dissertations in Social Sciences and Business Studies No 47 TAINA HUTTUNEN Pitkä tie Pohjois-Karjalasta Arkadianmäelle Naisten edustajaehdokkuudet ja naiskansanedustajien kouliintumishistoria 1907–1999 Publications of the University of Eastern Finland Dissertations in Social Sciences and Business Studies No 47 Itä-Suomen yliopisto Yhteiskuntatieteiden ja kauppatieteiden tiedekunta Joensuu 2012 Juvenes Print - Suomen Yliopistopaino Oy Tampere, 2012 Vastaava toimittaja: professori Kimmo Katajala Toimittaja: Eija Fabritius Myynti: University of Eastern Finland Library ISBN: 978-952-61-0953-4 (NId.) ISSN: 1798-5749 ISSNL: 1798-5749 Huttunen, Taina The Long Road From North Karelia To The Finnish Parliament: Recruitment Of Women For Parliamentary Candidates 1907–1999, 270 p. University of Eastern Finland Faculty of Social Sciences and Business Studies, 2012 Publications of the University of Eastern Finland, Dissertations in Social Sciences and Business Studies, no 47 ISBN: 978-952-61-0953-4 (nid.) ISSNL: 1798-5749 ISSN: 1798-5749 ISBN: 978-952-61-0954-1 (PdF) ISSN: 1798-5757 (PdF) Dissertation ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the recruitment of women to stand for election to the Parliament and the training in of elected candidates for Parliament work. The target area of the study is the Finnish province of North Karelia and the target period the years from 1907 to 1999. The study was carried out by evaluating the process of candidate nomination within the parties, the role of women’s organisa- tions, and the campaigning done for women candidates. Through the early 20th century, women’s public participation in politics was low in North Karelia. After the Second World War, women’s role began to gradu- ally expand, so that the most female candidates in our target period were nomi- nated in the 1991 general election, when there were 37 female candidates, which accounted for 42 per cent of all candidates. Altogether, in the general elections held between the years 1907 and 1999, there were 309 female candidates from North Karelia; 38 of them, or just over 12 per cent, were elected. Lastly, North Karelian women wound up as parliamentary candidates through nomination by women’s organisations, youth organisations, and local adminis- tration organs of the different parties. In the early 20th century, women got their training for Parliament work from involvement in party activity, especially in the parties’ women’s organisations. After the Second World War, work in munici- pal positions of trust emerged as a significant supplementary way for aspiring women to learn the ropes. Key words: parliamentary elections, women in Politics, political candidates Huttunen, Taina Pitkä tie Pohjois-Karjalasta Arkadianmäelle. Naisten edustajaehdokkuudet ja naiskansanedustajien kouliintumishistoria 1907–1999, 270 s. Itä-Suomen yliopisto Yhteiskuntatieteiden ja kauppatieteiden tiedekunta, 2012 Publications of the University of Eastern Finland, Dissertations in Social Sciences and Business Studies, no 47 ISBN: 978-952-61-0953-4 (nid.) ISSNL: 1798-5749 ISSN: 1798-5749 ISBN: 978-952-61-0954-1 (PdF) ISSN: 1798-5757 (PdF) Väitöskirja ABSTRAKTI Tässä väitöskirjassa tutkitaan naisten rekrytointia kansanedustajaehdokkaik- si ja kansanedustajiksi valittujen naisten kouliintumishistoriaa. Tutkimuksen kohdealueena on Pohjois-Karjala ja tarkasteluajankohtana vuodet 1907–1999. Tutkimustehtävää valotetaan arvioimalla ehdokasasettelun toteutumista, nais- järjestöjen roolia ja naisten edestä tehtyä vaalikampanjointia. Naisten poliittinen toiminta laajeni hitaasti Pohjois-Karjalassa 1900-luvun alkupuolella. Toisen maailmansodan jälkeen naiset alkoivat osallistua politiik- kaan aikaisempaa aktiivisemmin. Naisehdokkaiden määrä oli enimmillään vuo- den 1991 vaaleissa, jolloin heitä oli 37 naista eli 42 prosenttia ehdokkaista, mikä hivenen ylitti maan keskiarvon. Kaikkiaan vuosien 1907–1999 eduskuntavaaleis- sa naisia oli ehdolla Pohjois-Karjalassa 309 kertaa ja kansanedustajaksi valittiin 38 kertaa nainen eli ehdolla olleista naisista hieman yli 12 prosenttia meni läpi. Pohjoiskarjalaiset naiset päätyivät ehdokkaiksi puolueiden naisjärjestöjen, puolueosastojen, nuorisojärjestöjen ja puolueiden piirihallintojen esittäminä. Vuosisadan alkupuolella naiset harjaantuivat edustajantehtäviin puolueissa, erityisesti niiden naisjärjestöjen toiminnassa. Toisen maailmansodan jälkeen kansanedustajaksi valittujen naisten merkittäväksi kouliintumisväyläksi vaali- piirissä nousivat puolue- ja järjestötyön rinnalle kunnalliset luottamustehtävät. Asiasanat: eduskuntavaalit, ehdokasasettelu, naiskansanedustajat Esipuhe Kiinnostukseni historiaan on lähtöisin lapsuudenkodistani. Äitini kertoi pal- jon 1910–1930-luvun tapahtumista. Isäni puolestaan historiasta ja maantieteestä kiinnostuneena tarkasteli koulutodistusteni numeroita. Lukion jälkeen tieni kul- ki farmasianopintoihin ja nopeasti ”leivän hankintaan”. Työvuosikymmenien jälkeen olen voinut uudelleen liittää opiskelun elämääni. Kun lisensiaatintutkin- non jälkeen vielä epäröin jatkoa, eräs historian alalta väitellyt miestutkija lausah- ti: ”Kaikki nuoret tytöt tekevät väitöskirjan”. Niinpä jatkoin. Osoitan kiitokseni ensimmäisten opinnäytetöitteni ohjaajille professori Antero Heikkiselle ja professori Tapio Hämyselle kannustavista neuvoista. Lisensiaatintutkielmani tarkastajina ja väitöstutkimukseni ohjaajina toimineita professori Maria Lähteenmäkeä ja professori Tapio Hämystä kiitän asiantunte- vasta ja tutkijaa eteenpäin suuntaavasta palautteesta. Vuosien mittaan professo- reiden Antero Heikkisen, Kimmo Katajalan ja Maria Lähteenmäen johtamissa seminaareissa sain lisäpontta tutkimuksen tekoon. Erityiskiitokseni kohdistan Jutikkala-professori Maria Lähteenmäelle. Ilman hänen rohkaisuaan ja ohjaus- taan käsikirjoitus lepäisi vielä pöytälaatikossa. Tutkimukseni esitarkastajia dosentti Kristiina Kalleista ja dosentti Tytti Isohookana-Asunmaata kiitän arvokkaista kommenteista, joita olen pyrkinyt hyödyntämään tutkimuksen viimeistelyvaiheessa. dosentti Kristiina Kalleista kiitän myös suostumisesta vastaväittäjäkseni. Kiitokseni esitän haastattelemilleni kansanedustajille myönteisestä suhtau- tumisesta tutkimukseeni. Samoin kiitos kuuluu Itä-Suomen yliopiston histori- an oppiaineen koko henkilökunnalle opiskelijoita ymmärtävästä ilmapiiristä. Eri arkistojen ja kirjastojen henkilökuntaa kiitän asianmukaisesta palvelusta ja professori emeritus Pekka Hirvosta tiivistelmän englanninkielisestä käännök- sestä. Karttojen piirtämisestä kiitän FM Katri Issakaista, taittamisesta FM Jussi Virratvuorta ja kirjan ottamisesta julkaisusarjaansa Itä-Suomen yliopiston yh- teiskuntatieteiden ja kauppatieteiden tiedekuntaa. Tärkeäksi osaksi opiskeluvuosiani muodostui jatko-opiskelijoiden epäviralli- nen naiskerho, jonka jäsenille FT Sirpa Aallolle, FL Helena Hirvoselle, FL Tarja Ignatiukselle, FL Riikka Myllykselle ja FL Terhi Tuononen-Sinkkoselle esitän yhdessä ja jokaiselle erikseen kiitokseni keskusteluista ja kaikesta avusta, tues- ta ja ystävyydestä. Eipä professori Aune Jääskinen saattanut arvata, että hänen mielenkiintoisilla kulttuurihistorian luennoillaan diakuvien hohteessa tapasivat nyt väitöskirjaa viimeistelevä Helena Hirvonen ja tämän tutkimuksen tekijä. Lämmin kiitos, Helena, Ravennan mosaiikit odottavat meitä! Kiitoksin muistan sisartani Terttu Tanskasta ja kälyäni Aune Toivosta Helsingin arkistoissa kävijän majoitus- ja ateriahuollosta. Kiitos myös fysio- terapeutilleni Sirkka Parviaiselle, joka historiasta kiinnostuneena on pitänyt fyysisen kunnon lisäksi tutkijan mielen virkeänä. Läheisilleni, Eerolle, Karille ja Ninalle, Vesalle ja Maaritille osoitan sydämelliset kiitokseni kaikesta avusta ja myönteisestä suhtautumisesta tutkimustyöhöni. Kiitollisena ajattelen lasten- lapsiamme, jotka käynneillään piristivät minua ja lainasivat samalla tutkijan- pöytääni omille kirjoituksilleen ja piirroksilleen. Omistan tämän kirjan Hanna- Kaisalle, Eemelille, Helille ja Iidalle. Outokummussa 22.10.2012 Taina Huttunen Sisältö 1 JOHDANTO ............................................................................................. 13 1.1 Pohjois-Karjalan naiskansanedustajat ..................................................................... 13 1.2 Tutkimustehtävä .............................................................................................................. 16 1.3 Pohjois-Karjala tutkimusalueena .............................................................................. 18 1.4 Aikaisempi tutkimus ..................................................................................................... 20 1.5 Politiikka toimintakenttänä .......................................................................................
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