Barton Cottage, Barton Stacey, Hampshire

Archaeological Watching Brief

for CgMs

on behalf of Alfred Homes Ltd

CA Project: 770763 CA Report: 18728

January 2019

Barton Cottage, Barton Stacey, Hampshire

Archaeological Watching Brief

CA Project: 770763 CA Report: 18728

Document Control Grid Revision Date Author Checked by Status Reasons for Approved revision by A 4/1/19 AH Ray Internal General Edit Richard Kennedy review Greatorex

This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.

CONTENTS

SUMMARY ...... 4

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 5

2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ...... 6

3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ...... 8

4. METHODOLOGY ...... 8

5. RESULTS (FIGS 2-5) ...... 9

6. THE FINDS ...... 10

7. DISCUSSION ...... 11

8. CA PROJECT TEAM ...... 11

9. REFERENCES ...... 11

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS ...... 12

APPENDIX B: THE FINDS ...... 13

APPENDIX C: OASIS REPORT FORM ...... 14

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure 1 Site location plan (1:25,000) Figure 2 Area location plan (1:150 & 1,000). Figure 3 Archaeological Features Figure 4 Archaeological Features Figure 5 Working Photographs

SUMMARY

Project Name: Barton Cottage Location: Barton Stacey, Hampshire NGR: 443543 140740 Type: Watching Brief Date: 6, 17 and 19 December 2018 Planning Reference: 17/01296/FULLN Location of Archive: Hampshire Cultural Trust Site Code: BART18

An archaeological watching brief was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology during groundwork associated with the development of five houses with associated access, car parking and landscaping.

The current watching brief recorded the continuation of ditches identified within the previous evaluation. These have been interpreted as outlying agricultural field systems associated with the settlement of Barton Stacy to the north. The 1759 historic mapping shows the site and surrounding area as open field systems and remains relatively unchanged up to the modern period.

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 In December 2018 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological watching brief for CgMs Consulting Ltd, on behalf of Alfred Homes Ltd at the site centred on National Grid Reference (NGR) 443543 140740 (see Figure 1). The current phase of work, follows on from a previous evaluation of the site in November 2017 by Cotswold Archaeology (2017).

1.2 Planning permission (ref: 17/01296/FULLN) was granted by Test Valley Borough Council (TVBC) for the development of 5 dwellings (4 x four-bedroom, 1 x three bedroom), with associated access, car parking and landscaping conditional on a programme of archaeological work etc.

Condition 14 No development shall take place until the applicant has secured the implementation of programme of archaeological assessment in accordance with a Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) that has been submitted to and approved in writing by the Local Planning Authority in order to recognise, characterise and record any archaeological features and deposits that may exist here. This assessment should take the form of trial trenching across the whole development footprint. If the results of the evaluation are deemed significant by the Local Planning Authority, then a programme of archaeological mitigation of impact, based on the results of the trial trenching should be carried out in accordance with a further Written Scheme of Investigation that has been submitted to, and approved in writing by, the Planning Authority. Following the completion of all archaeological fieldwork, a report will be produced in accordance with an approved programme including, where appropriate, a post-excavation assessment consisting of specialist analysis and reports together with a programme of publication and public engagement and submitted to the Local Planning Authority.

Reason: The site is potentially of archaeological significance in accordance with Test Valley Borough Revised Local Plan (2016) Policy E9.

1.3 The watching brief was carried out in accordance with a detailed Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) produced by CA (2018) and approved by Neil Adam, Senior Archaeologist at Hampshire County Council, the archaeological advisors to the Test Valley Borough Council (TVBC). The fieldwork also followed Standard and guidance: Archaeological watching brief (CIfA 2014).

The site

1.4 The development area is approximately 0.7ha and is bounded to the south and east by agricultural land, to the north by housing and to the west by “The Street”, comprising of pasture (Fig. 2). The site slopes east to west from a height c.59m above Ordnance Datum (aOD) at the eastern boundary to a height of c.55m AOD at the western boundary, with a visible drop off in the centre of northern extent of the site due to modern ground management.

1.5 The underlying bedrock geology of the area is mapped as Newhaven Chalk formation with superficial Head deposits (Clay, Silt, Sand and Gravel) all located within the vicinity of the site (BGS 2019).

2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND

2.1 The following background information is a succinct summary given within the archaeological Desk Based Assessment carried out by CgMs (2017), which looked at all heritage records within a 1.5km radius of the site. A summary of the results of a previous evaluation by Cotswold Archaeology CA (2017) is also included.

Neolithic and Bronze Age 2.2 A number of prehistoric features have been identified from aerial photography within the vicinity of the site including three ring ditches, enclosures, and possible field boundaries to the south east of the site, as well as ring ditches and enclosures known to the north and east of the site. To the south west of the site field systems, rings ditches, enclosures and pits have all been identified by aerial photography.

2.3 A multi-ditched later prehistoric trackway is recorded to the north-west of the site. Bronze Age barrows are also known throughout the wider area of the site.

Iron Age and Roman 2.4 An Iron Age field system is recorded south west of the study site, and a series of field boundaries are recorded to the north-west. A rectilinear ditched enclosure of Iron Age or Roman date is visible as cropmarks within the field system.

2.5 The Roman Road from Winchester to Mildenhall runs to the south east of the site and is marked on historic maps.

2.6 A series of double ditch trackways, fragments of enclosures and field boundaries, likely dating to the late Iron Age or early Roman period, appear to form a settlement c.1.1km north west of the site. An early Roman or possibly Late Iron Age rectangular ditched enclosure, and accompanying pit was previously excavated in the area of the settlement and had been successively recut before being backfilled in the late 2nd century AD when a road was constructed across the enclosure. A rectangular corn drying kiln was found built within the ditch. A flint and mortar wall found during the excavation is probably the wall footings of a Roman building. The settlement was identified as being Roman but a number of sherds of Iron Age pottery were found dating to the 3rd and 1st century BC date indicating earlier settlement within the vicinity of the site.

2.7 A possible Roman camp is recorded at Barton Stacey Manor Farm c.1km north east of the site.

Anglo Saxon and Medieval 2.8 The settlement of Barton Stacey is first documented in AD979 as Bertune, and was recorded as a very large settlement of 51.5 households in the Domesday Survey of 1086.

2.9 The majority of the evidence for the medieval period consists of field boundaries, ridge and furrow, and drainage ditches in the wider vicinity of the site as well as a trackway. A medieval dovecote is recorded on the 1840 tithe map.

Post-Medieval 2.10 Taylor’s map from 1759, shows the site to the south of the village and consisting of open fields, adjacent to the Street. By 1840 the site was known as the Meadow and was pasture land, with limited development to the north of the site. The site remained relatively unchanged up to the modern period.

Recent Works 2.11 An archaeological evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in November 2017 (CA 2017) at Barton Cottage, Barton Stacey. Six trenches were excavated. Evidence for prehistoric activity across the site consisted of worked flint flakes recovered from securely dated medieval features and are residual in nature, but clearly reflects the known prehistoric activity from within the wider environs of the site. The main features recorded during the evaluation consisted of ditches and pits, with the majority of the features dated to the medieval and post-medieval periods, and are indicative of outlying medieval and post-medieval field systems away from the main areas of domestic settlement activity.

3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

3.1 The objectives of the archaeological works were:

• to monitor groundworks, and to identify, investigate and record all significant buried archaeological deposits revealed on the site during the course of the development groundworks;

• at the conclusion of the project, to produce an integrated archive for the project work and a report setting out the results of the project and the archaeological conclusions that can be drawn from the recorded data.

4. METHODOLOGY

4.1 The fieldwork followed the methodology set out within the WSI (CA 2018). An archaeologist was present during intrusive groundworks surrounding the levelling and excavation of land around house plots Four and Five, Areas Two and Three respectively (Figure 2).

4.2 Where archaeological deposits were encountered written, graphic and photographic records were compiled in accordance with CA Technical Manual 1: Fieldwork Recording Manual.

4.3 The archive and artefacts from the evaluation are currently held by CA at their offices in Kemble. Subject to the agreement of the legal landowner the artefacts will be deposited with Hampshire Cultural Trust along with the site archive. A summary of information from this project, set out within Appendix C will be entered onto the OASIS online database of archaeological projects in Britain.

5. RESULTS (FIGURES 2-5)

5.1 The natural geological substrate (102, 202, 301) consisting of chalk, was revealed within Trenches 1, 2 and 3 at an average depth of 0.2m below present ground level. This was overlain by topsoil averaging 0.2m in thickness. Within the north-west of the site the topsoil was buried by redeposited chalk 0.3m thick, which was in turn sealed by landscaped topsoil 0.15m thick.

Trench 1 (Figure 3) 5.2 Trench 1 ran roughly from the centre of the northern boundary 25m south and was 6.5m wide and 0.95m deep. Trench 1 contained tree throw 103, ditch 105, and a solution hollow only seen in section, 110. Sub-oval tree throw 103 was 1.4m long and 1m wide and 0.11m deep. It had concave sides and a flat base and was filled by 104. East/west ditch 105 was 1.27m wide and 0.23m deep. It had steep concave sides and a shallow concave base and was filled by 106. This ditch probably relates to ditches 203 (Evaluation Trench 2, CA 2017) and 303 (Evaluation Trench 3, CA 2017), 304 and 314 within this watching brief. The solution hollow 110 was only seen in section. It was 2.09m wide and 0.28m deep. It had steep asymmetrical convex sides and a flat base and was filled by 111.

Trench 2 (Figure 3) 5.3 Trench 2 was the northern housing plot, and ditch 203 was seen within the footings. The north-east/south-west ditch 203 was 1.06m wide and 0.1m deep. It had steep convex sides and a flat base and was filled by 204.

Trench 3 (Figure 4) 5.4 Trench 3 was the southern housing plot, which contained ditches 304, 306 and 314, and tree throw 308 were seen in section within the footings. East-west ditch 304 was 0.88m wide by 0.21m deep. The sides were truncated and it had an uneven base. It

was filled by 305. North–south ditch 306 was 0.6m wide and 0.34m deep. It had steep truncated sides with a flat base and was filled by 307. This ditch is probably related to ditch 205 within the pervious evaluation (Evaluation Trench 2, CA 2017). Irregular tree throw 308 was 2.29m wide and 0.64m wide. It had uneven asymmetrical sides and an irregular base and was filled by 309. East-west ditch 314 was 1.03m wide and 0.33m deep. It had steep convex sides with a flat base and was filled by 310, 311 and 312. East-west ditches 304 and 314 probably relate to ditch 105 within this watching brief and ditches 203 (Evaluation Trench 2, CA 2017) and 303 (Evaluation Trench 3, CA 2017) within the previous evaluation.

Trench 4 (Figure 4) 5.5 The area to the north-west of the site had been heavily landscaped during previous works. A visible section within this area revealed buried soil, a previous topsoil, 404. This was sealed by redeposited chalk 403, buried soil 402, further redeposited chalk 401 and which was sealed by the modern topsoil 400.

6. THE FINDS

6.1 Artefactual material recovered from the evaluation is listed in Appendix B and discussed further below. All finds have been cleaned, quantified by material type in each context and recorded to an Excel spreadsheet.

Pottery 6.2 A single sherd of pottery was recovered, from buried topsoil layer 404. The rimsherd occurs in a slip-trail decorated, internally-glazed earthenware fabric and probably represents a small bowl or dish dating to the 18th century.

Other finds 6.3 Four fragments of ceramic building material (134g) of post-medieval or modern date were recovered from ditch 203 (fill 204).Three are flat tile fragments, occurring in an orange-fired fabric. One fragment of a curved, internally glazed drainpipe is of 19th or 20th century date.

7. DISCUSSION

7.1 This watching brief has identified a number of post-medieval ditches which is consistent with the previous archaeological evaluation (CA 2017) which contained a number of medieval and post-medieval ditches, interpreted as outlying agricultural field systems.

8. CA PROJECT TEAM

8.1 Fieldwork was undertaken by Adam Howard and Steven Bush. The report was written by Adam Howard. The finds evidence reports were written by Katie Marsden. The illustrations were prepared by Tom Brown. The archive has been compiled by Richard Paxford, and prepared for deposition by Hazel O’Neill. The project was managed for CA by Ray Kennedy.

9. REFERENCES

BGS (British Geological Survey) 2019 Geology of Britain Viewer http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html Accessed 3 January 2019

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2017 Barton Cottage, Barton Stacey, Hampshire: Written Scheme of Investigation for an Archaeological Evaluation

CgMs, 2017, Barton Cottage, Barton Stacey, Hampshire, Archaeological Desk Based Assessment

DCLG (Department of Communities and Local Government) 2012 National Planning Policy Framework

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS

Depth/ Trench Context Fill Context L W Type Description thickness No. No. of interpretation (m) (m) (m) 1 100 layer topsoil mid brown silty clay firm 25 6.5 0-0.15 1 101 layer weathered chalk light brownish white chalk n/a n/a 0.15-0.42 1 102 layer natural geology white chalk n/a n/a 0.42-0.95 1 103 cut tree throw suboval in plan concave sides flat base 1.4 1 0.11 1 104 fill 103 single fill mid brown silty clay compact 1.4 1 0.11 linear in plan steep concave sides shallow 1.2 1 105 cut ditch 5 0.23 concave base e/w alignment 1.2 1 106 fill 106 single fill mid brown silty clay firm 5 0.23

1 107 void 1 108 void 1 109 layer buried topsoil mid brown silty clay firm 25 6.5 0.3-0.45 2.0 1 110 cut ditch only seen in section n/a 0.28

2.0 1 111 fill 110 single fill light brown silty clay friable n/a 0.28

2 200 layer redeposited geology white chalk 0-0.4 2 201 layer buried topsoil mid brown silty clay firm 0.4-0.45 2 202 layer natural geology white chalk 0.45-1.45 linear in plan steep convex sides flat base ne- 2 203 cut ditch n/a 2 0.25 sw alignment 2 204 fill 203 single fill light brown silty clay friable n/a 2 0.25 3 300 layer modern trample mid brown silty clay firm heavy chalk inclusions n/a n/a 0-0.1 3 301 layer natural geology white chalk compact n/a n/a 0.41-0.46+ 3 302 layer made ground levelling mid brown silty clay and white chalk loose n/a n/a 0.05-0.41 3 303 layer made ground redeposited chalk n/a n/a 0.1-0.41 linear in plan truncated sides uneven base e-w 0.8 3 304 cut ditch n/a 0.21 alignment 0.8 3 305 fill 304 single fill mid brown silty clay friable n/a 0.21

linear in plan steep truncated side flat base n-s 3 306 cut ditch 7.5 0.6 0.34 alignment 3 307 fill 306 single fill mid brown silty clay friable 7.5 0.6 0.34 2.2 3 308 cut tree throw irregular in plan uneven sides irregular base 0.7 0.64

2.2 3 309 fill 309 single fill light brown silty clay friable 0.7 0.64

0.3 3 310 fill 314 lower fill of ditch light browney grey silty clay friable 10+ 0.17

1.3 3 311 fill 314 middle fill of ditch light yellow white silty clay friable 10+ 0.1

3 312 fill 314 upper fill of ditch mid grey brown silty clay friable 10 1.3 0.19 3 313 layer buried topsoil mid brown silty clay firm n/a n/a 0.41-0.54 linear in plan steep sides flat base e-w 1.0 3 314 cut ditch 10+ 0.33 alignment 4 400 layer topsoil dark grey clayey silt firm n/a n/a 0 -0.23 4 401 layer redeposited chalk white chalk loose n/a n/a 0.23 - 0.46 4 402 layer made ground mid brown silty clay firm n/a n/a 0.46 - 0.7 4 403 layer redeposited chalk white chalk loose n/a n/a 0.7 -1.18 4 404 layer buried topsoil mid greyish brown silty clay firm n/a n/a 1.18+

APPENDIX B: THE FINDS

Context Class Description Ct. Wt.(g) Spot-date 204 CBM 3 flat tile, 1 curved, glazed drain 4 134 C19-C20 404 post-medieval pottery slip-trailed earthenware 1 27 C18

APPENDIX C: OASIS REPORT FORM

PROJECT DETAILS

Project Name Barton Cottage, Barton Stacey, Hampshire Short description An archaeological watching brief was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology during groundworks associated with the development of five houses with associated access, car parking and landscaping.

Previous work CgMs, 2017, Barton Cottage, Barton Stacey, Hampshire, Archaeological Desk Based Assessment

Cotswold Archaeology, 2017, Field Evaluation Future work Unknown PROJECT LOCATION Site Location Barton Cottage, Barton Stacey, Hampshire Study area (M2/ha) 0.7ha Site co-ordinates 443543 140740

PROJECT CREATORS Name of organisation Cotswold Archaeology Project Brief originator None Project Design (WSI) originator Cotswold Archaeology

Project Manager Ray Kennedy Project Supervisor Adam Howard Steven Bush MONUMENT TYPE Post-medieval ditches SIGNIFICANT FINDS Pottery and cbm PROJECT ARCHIVES Intended final location of archive Content Hampshire Cultural Trust

Physical Pottery, cbm Paper Context sheets, trench sheets A4 drawings photo registers Digital Appendix A excel sheet digital photos survey data BIBLIOGRAPHY

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2019 Barton Cottage, Barton Stacy, Hampshire. CA typescript report 18728

14 k 1 FIGURE NO. cotswoldarchaeology.co.u @ 01264 347630 01392 573970 over 770763 04.01.19 1:25,000 d www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk enquiries n Cirencester 01285 771022 Exeter 01908 564660 Milton Keynes w e 445000 A PROJECT NO. DATE SCALE@A4 TB DJB RK Cotswold Archaeology PROJECT TITLE Barton Cottage, Barton Stacey, Hampshire FIGURE TITLE Site location plan DRAWN BY DRAWN CHECKED BY APPROVED BY N 1km

443000 0 © Crown copyright and database rights copyright 2019 © Crown 0100031673 Ordnance Survey WINDSOR AND MAIDENHEAD SLOUGH WEST SURREY SUSSEX CITY OF FOREST PORTSMOUTH BRACKNELL READING WOKINGHAM WIGHT WEST ISLE OF BERKSHIRE HAMPSHIREHAMPSHIRE CITY OF SOUTHAMPTON SWINDON WILTSHIRE BOUROUGH OF BOUROUGH DORSET 138000138000 140000140000 142000142000 443550 443500 443550 443600 443530 N

140750

site boundary excavation area

THE STREET previous evaluation trench (CA 2017) cut feature (excavated/unexcavated) treethrow 140700 projected feature rising main (3m buffer) 140760 B B section location

0 50m 443550

0 5m

&URZQFRS\ULJKWDQGGDWDEDVHULJKWV2UGQDQFH6XUYH\ 140740 Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Exeter 01392 826185 Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Barton Cottage, Barton Stacey, Hampshire

FIGURE TITLE Area location plan

DRAWN BY TB PROJECT NO. 770763 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 04.01.19 APPROVED BY RK SCALE@A3 1:150 & 1000 2 P:\770763 Barton Cottage, Stacey, Hampshire\Illustration\Drafts\770763 Cottage Fig 2.dwg Section AA

NS 56.8m AOD 100

107

106

ditch 105

Ditch 105, looking east (2m scale)

Section BB

N S 55.8m AOD

200

201

204

ditch 203

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 573970 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE 011:20 m Barton Cottage, Barton Stacey, Hampshire

FIGURE TITLE Archaeological features

DRAWN BY TB PROJECT NO. 770763 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 04.01.19 APPROVED BY RK SCALE@A3 1:20 3 Section CC

E WS N 56.1m AOD 300

302

303

307 313

ditch 305 306 ditch 304

Section DD

55.1m 300 AOD 303

313

312 311

310 ditch 314

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 573970 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE 011:20 m Ditch 304, looking east (1m scale) Barton Cottage, Barton Stacey, Hampshire

FIGURE TITLE Archaeological features

DRAWN BY TB PROJECT NO. 770763 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 04.01.19 APPROVED BY RK SCALE@A3 1:20 4 South facing section showing modern terracing (2m scales) General view of the site, looking south-east

General view of Area 3

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 573970 General view of Area 2, looking north-west (1m scales) General View of Area 4, looking south (1m scales) Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Barton Cottage, Barton Stacey, Hampshire

FIGURE TITLE Working photographs

DRAWN BY TB PROJECT NO. 770763 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 04.01.19 APPROVED BY RK SCALE@A3 NA 5