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Floristic Survey of Algae in Some Freshwater Habitats of Kohima District, Nagaland (India)

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Floristic Survey of Algae in Some Freshwater Habitats of Kohima District, Nagaland (India) Journal of Advanced Plant Sciences 2021.11(1): 60-73 60 RESEARCH ARTICLE Floristic survey of Algae in some freshwater habitats of Kohima District, Nagaland (India) Keviphruonuo Kuotsu* and S. K. Chaturvedi Department of Botany, Nagaland University, Lumami-798627, Nagaland, India Received: 20 November 2020 / Revised: 12 April 2021 / Accepted: 30 April 2021 © Botanical Society of Assam 2021 blue green algae (Oinam et al.,2010, Devi et al., Abstract 2010) were reported from Nagaland. Studies was also done from the fresh water bodies (lakes, ponds The present paper deals with the algal flora study of streams and rivers) of Dimapur, Chumukedima, Kohima District, Nagaland, which is located Peren and Wokha districts, 94 algal taxa were between 25024’N - 25099’. N latitude and 94001’E - 0 reported (Das and Adhikary 2012). 94 29 E longitude with an average elevation of 1261m and an area of 1,595 sq. km. In the present Kohima district is the capital of Nagaland with an study, 40 algal taxa were reported where 5 algal taxa area of 1463 sq km and located between 25024’N - belongs to Class Cyanophyceae, 5 algal taxa belongs 25099’N latitude and 94001’E - 94029’E longitude to Class Chlorophyceae, 19 algal taxa belongs to with an average elevation of 1261 m. Algal work on Class Bacilariophyceae, 1 algal taxa belongs to Kohima District has not been reported by any Class Coscinodiscophyceae, 2 algal taxa belongs to workers and so the present study has been carried Class Ulvophyceae and 8 algal taxa belongs to Class out to study the flora and resources of algae on some Zygnematophyceae. Out of these, 37 species are first freshwater habitat of Kohima district, Nagaland records for Nagaland. Materials and Methods Keyword: Algae • freshwater • Nagaland Samples were collected from 3 streams 2 ponds and *Corresponding author, 1 habitat each from drain, stagnant water and email: [email protected] constructed water tank during the month of September 2017 to April 2019, fixed in 4% formalin, brought to the laboratory and stored at 40C Introduction in the refrigerator for further studies. Photomicrographs of the algal specimens were taken In India, lots of algal diversity work has been carried using Motic microscope BA-210 and Euromex out and according to ENVIS Centre on Floral microscope. Diversity, BSI, 7310 species of algae belonging to 855 genera has been reported in India. Nagaland is a The Algal specimen were identified with the help of part of Indo- Burma Biodiversity hotspot has a rich earlier publications of (Clarence,1945), diversity of flora and fauna. However not much (Prescott,1951), (Haley and Lewis,1955), work has been done on algal diversity studies and (Desikachary,1959), (Nagumo and Osada, 1985), most work was concentrated on the Blue green (Shashi and Gupta,1998), (Parodi and Caceres, algae. 1993), (Ohtsuka ,2002), (John et al., 2002), (Ohtsuka et al.,2002,), (Wehr and Sheath, 2003), From moist soils and rice fields, 6 members of blue (Peerapornpisal et al.,2006), (Taylor et al., 2007), green algae and 2 fresh water algal taxa (Reddy et (Hauer, 2007;2008), (Arita and Ohtsuka, 2008), al.,1986), 64 algal taxas ( Singh 1997), 25 blue (Edward et al.,2010),(Souffreau et al., 2010), green algal taxa (Tiwari et al., 2009) and 4 taxa of (Taweesak & Siripen, 2011), (Kadirova et al., 2012), Published online: 30-04-2021 Journal of Advanced Plant Sciences 2021.11(1): 60-73 61 (Thiamdao et al.,2012), (Das and Adhikary, 2012; Anabaena variabilis Geitler & Ruttner (Plate 1, 2014),( Laungsuwo & Chulalaksananukul, 2013), Figure-2) (Souza & Felisberto, 2014), (Boyer, 2014), (Ramos (http://algae.ihb.ac.cn/english/algaeDetail.aspx?id=2 et al., 2015), (Kihara et al., 2009, 2015), (Kaštánek 10; Kadirova et al., 2012, 70:2) Vegetative cells et al.,2018) and the internet barrel shaped, 4-6 µm broad, constriction apparent; (https://www.algaebase.org/, Heterocyst spherical, oval shape; Akinete https://naturalhistory.museumwales.ac.uk/diatoms/H intercalary, 6-7 µm wide, not contiguous. ome.php, http://www.digicodes.info/, Locality- Jakhama, Kohima district http://galerie.sinicearasy.cz/galerie, Habitat- Small stream, drain https://diatoms.org/, ansp.org/dntf, Collection number- KVP-255, BOT NU; KVP-260, http://www.desmids.nl/index.html and www. BOT NU protist.i.hosei.ac.jp, GPS coordinates- 25˚35’05.7” N, 94˚08’04.5” E http://algae.ihb.ac.cn/english/Cultrues.aspx?phylum) Altitude- 1601 m Date of collection- 12-7-2018 Results and Discussion Genus-Cylindrospermum Kützing ex É.Bornet & A detailed study on the morphological characters i.e. C.Flahault cell size, shape, ornamentation, striae and raphe morphology, arrangement of the chloroplast, number Cylindrospermum majus Kützing ex Bornet & and arrangement of pyrenoids were studied. Flahault (Plate 1, Figure-1) (Prescott 1951, 530, 122:11,12; Tiffany and Britton Systmatic Enumeration: 1952,362,100:1145; Desikachary 1959, 360,80:1) Thallus in a mucilaginous sheath, vegetative cell 4-5 Phylum- Cyanobacteria µm wide and 5-7 µm long, constricted at the cross- Class- Cyanophyceae wall, almost parallel; Heterocyst spherical, oblong, Order- Chroococcales 5-6 µm wide; Akinete ovate with almost flattened Family- Microcystaceaea ends, 10-15 µm wide, 25-35 µm long. Genus- Gleocapsa Kützing Locality- Khuzama; Dziikou valley, Kohima district, Gleocapsa novacekii Komárek & Anagnotidis Habitat- Small stream; Edge of stagnant water (Plate 1, Figure-4) Collection number- KVP-297, BOT NU, KVP-236, (Hauer, 2007, 385, 3:b; Hauer, 2008, 132, 1:b) BOT NU Cell in colony, 40-60 µm in diameter often made up GPS coordinates- 25˚31’46.4” N, 94˚07’46.8”; of 16 cells, these cells are spherical, 3 µm- 8 µm in 25˚33’13.4” N, 94˚03’54.8” E size, usually in a group of 2-4 covered with Altitude-1731 m; 2451 m mucilage and then surrounded by yellowish brown Date of collection- 04-04-2019; 07-07-2019 outer mucilage which covers the whole colony. Locality- Dziikou valley, Kohima district Family- Stigonemataceae Habitat-Stagnant water Genus- Stigonema C. Agardh ex Bornet & Flahault Collection number- KVP-297, BOT NU GPS coordinates- 25˚33’13.4” N, 94˚03’54.8” E Stigonema tomentosum Hieronymus (Plate 1, Altitude- 2451m Figure-3) Date of collection- 20-09-2018 (http://galerie.sinicearasy.cz/galerie/cyanobacteria/h eterocytozni heterocytous/stigonema/stigonema- Order- Nostocales tomentosum ; Desikachary 1959, 606 Family-Nostocaceae Filaments mostly with one row of cell, sometimes Genus- Anabaena Bory ex Bornet & Flahault two, 18 µm-22 µm wide; Branches rise Published online: 30-04-2021 Journal of Advanced Plant Sciences 2021.11(1): 60-73 62 perpendicular from the main filaments; cells Locality- Dziileke, Kohima district, Nagaland spherical or irregularly rounded, 6-11 µm long, Habitat- Stream Sheaths yellow-brown colour. GPS coordinates- 25˚62’95.0” N, 94˚01’18.7” E Locality- Dziikou valley, Kohima district Collection number- KVP-164, BOT NU Habitat- Edge of stagnant Altitude-2167 m GPS coordinates- 25˚33’13.4” N, 94˚03’54.8” E Date of collection-24-01-2018 Collection number-- KVP-297, BOT NU Altitude-2451 m Aphanochaete repens A.Braun (Plate 1, Figure-20) Date of collection- 04-04-2019 (http://protist.i.hosei.ac.jp/PDB/Images/Chlorophyta Order- Synechococcales /Aphanochaete/sp_04.html;Tiffany and Britton Family- Merismopediaceae 1952, 75,6:57) Genus- Aphanocapsa C. Nägeli Cells irregularly inflated, sub-cylindrical with hairy projections that are 9-12 µm long; Almost the whole Aphanocapsa grevillei (Berkeley) Rabenhorst length of the cells are attached to other algae, each (Plate 1, Figure-5) cell size ranges from 8-19 µm long. (Prescott 1951, 454, 101: 15-16, Tiffany and Britton Locality- Meriema, Kohima district 1952, 331, 90: 1047; Desikachary 1959, 134, 21: 9) Habitat-Pond Microscopic spherical colony 82-88 µm diameter Collection number- KVP-193, BOT NU-193 which is made up of numerous cells irregularly GPS coordinates- 25˚71’40.2” N, 94˚09’56.4” E distributed and embedded in a gelatinous sheath; Altitude-1399 m Cells 2-4 µm in diameter. Date of collection- 14-03-2018 Locality- Dziikou valley, Kohima district Habitat- Stagnant water Order- Chlamydomonadales Collection number- KVP-297, BOT NU Family- Volvocaceae GPS coordinates- 25˚33’13.4” N, 94˚03’54.8” E Genus- Eudorina Ehrenberg Altitude- 2451 m Date of collection- 20-09-2018 Eudorina elegans Ehrenberg (Plate 1, Figure-9) (http://protist.i.hosei.ac.jp/PDB/Images/Ch Phylum- Chlorophyta lorophyta/Eudorina/elegans/sp_14.html;Tiffany and Class- Chlorophyceae Britton 1952,17, 2:14) Order- Chaetophorales Colony ellipsoidal or spherical, 50-76 µm wide and Family- Chaetophoraceae covered by a gelatinous envelope; Cells slightly Genus- Draparnaldia Bory spherical, 7-14 µm in diameter. Locality- Dziikou valley, Kohima district, Nagaland Draparnaldia acuta (C.Agardh) Kützing (Plate 1, Habitat- Stagnant water Figure-16) Collection number- KVP-297, BOT NU (http://galerie.sinicearasy.cz/galerie/chlorophyta/chl GPS coordinates- 25˚33’13.4” N, 94˚03’54.8” E orophyceae/vlaknite- Altitude- 2451m filamentous/draparnaldia/draparnaldia-acuta; Tiffany Date of collection- 04-04-2019 and Britton 1952,69,11:81) Filaments dark green in colour, profusely branched Order- Sphaeropleales forming whorled fascicles, Cells barrel shape,30-100 Family- Microsporaceae µm wide; Main axis of secondary branches distinct, Genus- Microspora Thuret branches arising both alternating and opposite, tapering towards the apex; Chloroplast in the mid Microspora pachyderma (Wille) Lagerheim (Plate region of the cell. 1, Figure-10) Published online: 30-04-2021 Journal of Advanced Plant Sciences 2021.11(1): 60-73 63 (Prescott 1951,108,8:3; Tiffany and Britton its width; Branches 30-50 µm wide, 3-6 times as 1952,26.5:47) long as wide. Cells cylindrical, 5-9 µm wide, thin wall and 1-2 Locality- Meriema, Kohima district times as long as wide, mostly constricted at cross Habitat- Stream wall and H-shaped junction is not very evident.
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