Journal of Advanced Plant Sciences 2021.11(1): 60-73 60
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Floristic survey of Algae in some freshwater habitats of Kohima District, Nagaland (India)
Keviphruonuo Kuotsu* and S. K. Chaturvedi Department of Botany, Nagaland University, Lumami-798627, Nagaland, India
Received: 20 November 2020 / Revised: 12 April 2021 / Accepted: 30 April 2021 © Botanical Society of Assam 2021
blue green algae (Oinam et al.,2010, Devi et al., Abstract 2010) were reported from Nagaland. Studies was also done from the fresh water bodies (lakes, ponds The present paper deals with the algal flora study of streams and rivers) of Dimapur, Chumukedima, Kohima District, Nagaland, which is located Peren and Wokha districts, 94 algal taxa were between 25024’N - 25099’. N latitude and 94001’E - 0 reported (Das and Adhikary 2012). 94 29 E longitude with an average elevation of 1261m and an area of 1,595 sq. km. In the present Kohima district is the capital of Nagaland with an study, 40 algal taxa were reported where 5 algal taxa area of 1463 sq km and located between 25024’N - belongs to Class Cyanophyceae, 5 algal taxa belongs 25099’N latitude and 94001’E - 94029’E longitude to Class Chlorophyceae, 19 algal taxa belongs to with an average elevation of 1261 m. Algal work on Class Bacilariophyceae, 1 algal taxa belongs to Kohima District has not been reported by any Class Coscinodiscophyceae, 2 algal taxa belongs to workers and so the present study has been carried Class Ulvophyceae and 8 algal taxa belongs to Class out to study the flora and resources of algae on some Zygnematophyceae. Out of these, 37 species are first freshwater habitat of Kohima district, Nagaland records for Nagaland. Materials and Methods Keyword: Algae • freshwater • Nagaland Samples were collected from 3 streams 2 ponds and *Corresponding author, 1 habitat each from drain, stagnant water and email: [email protected] constructed water tank during the month of September 2017 to April 2019, fixed in 4% formalin, brought to the laboratory and stored at 40C Introduction in the refrigerator for further studies. Photomicrographs of the algal specimens were taken In India, lots of algal diversity work has been carried using Motic microscope BA-210 and Euromex out and according to ENVIS Centre on Floral microscope. Diversity, BSI, 7310 species of algae belonging to 855 genera has been reported in India. Nagaland is a The Algal specimen were identified with the help of part of Indo- Burma Biodiversity hotspot has a rich earlier publications of (Clarence,1945), diversity of flora and fauna. However not much (Prescott,1951), (Haley and Lewis,1955), work has been done on algal diversity studies and (Desikachary,1959), (Nagumo and Osada, 1985), most work was concentrated on the Blue green (Shashi and Gupta,1998), (Parodi and Caceres, algae. 1993), (Ohtsuka ,2002), (John et al., 2002), (Ohtsuka et al.,2002,), (Wehr and Sheath, 2003), From moist soils and rice fields, 6 members of blue (Peerapornpisal et al.,2006), (Taylor et al., 2007), green algae and 2 fresh water algal taxa (Reddy et (Hauer, 2007;2008), (Arita and Ohtsuka, 2008), al.,1986), 64 algal taxas ( Singh 1997), 25 blue (Edward et al.,2010),(Souffreau et al., 2010), green algal taxa (Tiwari et al., 2009) and 4 taxa of (Taweesak & Siripen, 2011), (Kadirova et al., 2012), Published online: 30-04-2021
Journal of Advanced Plant Sciences 2021.11(1): 60-73 61
(Thiamdao et al.,2012), (Das and Adhikary, 2012; Anabaena variabilis Geitler & Ruttner (Plate 1, 2014),( Laungsuwo & Chulalaksananukul, 2013), Figure-2) (Souza & Felisberto, 2014), (Boyer, 2014), (Ramos (http://algae.ihb.ac.cn/english/algaeDetail.aspx?id=2 et al., 2015), (Kihara et al., 2009, 2015), (Kaštánek 10; Kadirova et al., 2012, 70:2) Vegetative cells et al.,2018) and the internet barrel shaped, 4-6 µm broad, constriction apparent; (https://www.algaebase.org/, Heterocyst spherical, oval shape; Akinete https://naturalhistory.museumwales.ac.uk/diatoms/H intercalary, 6-7 µm wide, not contiguous. ome.php, http://www.digicodes.info/, Locality- Jakhama, Kohima district http://galerie.sinicearasy.cz/galerie, Habitat- Small stream, drain https://diatoms.org/, ansp.org/dntf, Collection number- KVP-255, BOT NU; KVP-260, http://www.desmids.nl/index.html and www. BOT NU protist.i.hosei.ac.jp, GPS coordinates- 25˚35’05.7” N, 94˚08’04.5” E http://algae.ihb.ac.cn/english/Cultrues.aspx?phylum) Altitude- 1601 m Date of collection- 12-7-2018 Results and Discussion Genus-Cylindrospermum Kützing ex É.Bornet & A detailed study on the morphological characters i.e. C.Flahault cell size, shape, ornamentation, striae and raphe morphology, arrangement of the chloroplast, number Cylindrospermum majus Kützing ex Bornet & and arrangement of pyrenoids were studied. Flahault (Plate 1, Figure-1) (Prescott 1951, 530, 122:11,12; Tiffany and Britton Systmatic Enumeration: 1952,362,100:1145; Desikachary 1959, 360,80:1) Thallus in a mucilaginous sheath, vegetative cell 4-5 Phylum- Cyanobacteria µm wide and 5-7 µm long, constricted at the cross- Class- Cyanophyceae wall, almost parallel; Heterocyst spherical, oblong, Order- Chroococcales 5-6 µm wide; Akinete ovate with almost flattened Family- Microcystaceaea ends, 10-15 µm wide, 25-35 µm long. Genus- Gleocapsa Kützing Locality- Khuzama; Dziikou valley, Kohima district,
Gleocapsa novacekii Komárek & Anagnotidis Habitat- Small stream; Edge of stagnant water (Plate 1, Figure-4) Collection number- KVP-297, BOT NU, KVP-236, (Hauer, 2007, 385, 3:b; Hauer, 2008, 132, 1:b) BOT NU Cell in colony, 40-60 µm in diameter often made up GPS coordinates- 25˚31’46.4” N, 94˚07’46.8”; of 16 cells, these cells are spherical, 3 µm- 8 µm in 25˚33’13.4” N, 94˚03’54.8” E size, usually in a group of 2-4 covered with Altitude-1731 m; 2451 m mucilage and then surrounded by yellowish brown Date of collection- 04-04-2019; 07-07-2019 outer mucilage which covers the whole colony. Locality- Dziikou valley, Kohima district Family- Stigonemataceae Habitat-Stagnant water Genus- Stigonema C. Agardh ex Bornet & Flahault Collection number- KVP-297, BOT NU GPS coordinates- 25˚33’13.4” N, 94˚03’54.8” E Stigonema tomentosum Hieronymus (Plate 1, Altitude- 2451m Figure-3) Date of collection- 20-09-2018 (http://galerie.sinicearasy.cz/galerie/cyanobacteria/h eterocytozni heterocytous/stigonema/stigonema- Order- Nostocales tomentosum ; Desikachary 1959, 606 Family-Nostocaceae Filaments mostly with one row of cell, sometimes Genus- Anabaena Bory ex Bornet & Flahault two, 18 µm-22 µm wide; Branches rise
Published online: 30-04-2021
Journal of Advanced Plant Sciences 2021.11(1): 60-73 62 perpendicular from the main filaments; cells Locality- Dziileke, Kohima district, Nagaland spherical or irregularly rounded, 6-11 µm long, Habitat- Stream Sheaths yellow-brown colour. GPS coordinates- 25˚62’95.0” N, 94˚01’18.7” E Locality- Dziikou valley, Kohima district Collection number- KVP-164, BOT NU Habitat- Edge of stagnant Altitude-2167 m GPS coordinates- 25˚33’13.4” N, 94˚03’54.8” E Date of collection-24-01-2018 Collection number-- KVP-297, BOT NU Altitude-2451 m Aphanochaete repens A.Braun (Plate 1, Figure-20) Date of collection- 04-04-2019 (http://protist.i.hosei.ac.jp/PDB/Images/Chlorophyta Order- Synechococcales /Aphanochaete/sp_04.html;Tiffany and Britton Family- Merismopediaceae 1952, 75,6:57) Genus- Aphanocapsa C. Nägeli Cells irregularly inflated, sub-cylindrical with hairy projections that are 9-12 µm long; Almost the whole Aphanocapsa grevillei (Berkeley) Rabenhorst length of the cells are attached to other algae, each (Plate 1, Figure-5) cell size ranges from 8-19 µm long. (Prescott 1951, 454, 101: 15-16, Tiffany and Britton Locality- Meriema, Kohima district 1952, 331, 90: 1047; Desikachary 1959, 134, 21: 9) Habitat-Pond Microscopic spherical colony 82-88 µm diameter Collection number- KVP-193, BOT NU-193 which is made up of numerous cells irregularly GPS coordinates- 25˚71’40.2” N, 94˚09’56.4” E distributed and embedded in a gelatinous sheath; Altitude-1399 m Cells 2-4 µm in diameter. Date of collection- 14-03-2018 Locality- Dziikou valley, Kohima district Habitat- Stagnant water Order- Chlamydomonadales Collection number- KVP-297, BOT NU Family- Volvocaceae GPS coordinates- 25˚33’13.4” N, 94˚03’54.8” E Genus- Eudorina Ehrenberg Altitude- 2451 m Date of collection- 20-09-2018 Eudorina elegans Ehrenberg (Plate 1, Figure-9) (http://protist.i.hosei.ac.jp/PDB/Images/Ch Phylum- Chlorophyta lorophyta/Eudorina/elegans/sp_14.html;Tiffany and Class- Chlorophyceae Britton 1952,17, 2:14) Order- Chaetophorales Colony ellipsoidal or spherical, 50-76 µm wide and Family- Chaetophoraceae covered by a gelatinous envelope; Cells slightly Genus- Draparnaldia Bory spherical, 7-14 µm in diameter. Locality- Dziikou valley, Kohima district, Nagaland Draparnaldia acuta (C.Agardh) Kützing (Plate 1, Habitat- Stagnant water Figure-16) Collection number- KVP-297, BOT NU (http://galerie.sinicearasy.cz/galerie/chlorophyta/chl GPS coordinates- 25˚33’13.4” N, 94˚03’54.8” E orophyceae/vlaknite- Altitude- 2451m filamentous/draparnaldia/draparnaldia-acuta; Tiffany Date of collection- 04-04-2019 and Britton 1952,69,11:81) Filaments dark green in colour, profusely branched Order- Sphaeropleales forming whorled fascicles, Cells barrel shape,30-100 Family- Microsporaceae µm wide; Main axis of secondary branches distinct, Genus- Microspora Thuret branches arising both alternating and opposite, tapering towards the apex; Chloroplast in the mid Microspora pachyderma (Wille) Lagerheim (Plate region of the cell. 1, Figure-10)
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Journal of Advanced Plant Sciences 2021.11(1): 60-73 63
(Prescott 1951,108,8:3; Tiffany and Britton its width; Branches 30-50 µm wide, 3-6 times as 1952,26.5:47) long as wide. Cells cylindrical, 5-9 µm wide, thin wall and 1-2 Locality- Meriema, Kohima district times as long as wide, mostly constricted at cross Habitat- Stream wall and H-shaped junction is not very evident. Collection number- KVP-197, BOT NU Locality- Khuzama; Jakhama, Kohima district GPS coordinates- 25˚72’16.6” N, 94˚09’86.7” E Habitat- Small Stream Altitude-1200 m Collection number- KVP-236 BOT NU; KVP-260 Date of collection-14-03-2018 BOT NU GPS coordinates- 25˚31’46.7” N, 94˚07’46.5” E; Genus- Rhizoclonium Kützing 25˚35’05.7” N, 94˚08’04.5” E Altitude- 1731 m; 1601 m Rhizoclonium hieroglyphicum (C.Agardh) Date of Collection- 07-07-2019, 12-07-2019 Kützing (Plate 1, Figure-18) (Prescott, 1951, 142, 23:3; John et al., 2012, 470, Family- Scenedesmaceae 117:O ; Parodi and Caceres, 1993, 70:1) Genus- Scenedesmus Meyen Filaments long, unbranched, cell wall thin and smooth, cells cylindrical, 30-33 um long and 17-18 Scenedesmus acunae Comas Gonzáles (Plate 1, um wide. Chloroplast dense and fills up almost the Figure-19) whole cell. Locality- Khuzama, Meriema, Kohima (Souza and Felisberto , 2014, 117:25-26; Ramos et district al., 2015, 555, 3:a) Habitat- Stream,Pond Coenobia 2-4 celled, oblong-ellipsoid or long Collection number- KVP- 236, BOT NU; KVP-193, cylindrical with broadly rounded ends and slightly BOT NU-193 curved; arranged in single linear series; Chloroplast GPS coordinates- 25˚31’46.7” N, 94˚07’46.5” E; single, parietal with a pyrenoid at the centre. 25˚71’40.2” N, 94˚09’56.4” E Place- New Terongunyu, Kohima district Altitude-1731 m;1399 m Collection number- KVP-165, BOT NU Date of collection-07-07-2019;14-03-2018 GPS coordinates- 25˚52’49.9” N, 94˚11’10.4” E Altitude-1361 m Phylum- Charophyta Date of collection-05-09-2017 Class- Zygnematophyceae Order- Desmidiales Class- Ulvophyceae Family- Closteriaceae Order- Cladophorales Genus - Closterium Nitzsch ex Ralfs Family- Cladophoraceae Genus- Cladophora Kützing Closterium acerosum A.M.Scott & Prescott (Plate 1, Figure-11) Cladophora glomerata (Linnaeus) Kützing (Plate 1, (http://www.digicodes.info/Closterium_acerosum.ht Figure-8) ml; Prescott 1951, 518, 130: E; Tiffany and Britton (http://galerie.sinicearasy.cz/galerie/chlorophyta/ulv 1952,169, 52: 550) ophyceae/cladophora/cladophora-glomerata/ Cells 287 µm long and 28 µm wide, slightly curved, Prescott 1951,138,20:8,9; Tiffany and Britton tapers towards both ends, apices 5 µm, 1952,45, 13:93) longitudinal lines visible inside the cell and pores Thallus dark greem, Multicellular, filamentous and present at both ends. branched with large cylindrical shape cells having Locality- New Terogunyu, Jakhama, Kohima rounded apices. Branches originate below the apex district, Nagaland as a protrusion of a cell. Main branch 70-110 µm Habitat- Pond; Constructed water tank wide and length of the cells are 2-5 times as long as Collection number- KVP-133, BOT NU; KVP-259,
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Journal of Advanced Plant Sciences 2021.11(1): 60-73 64
BOT NU Cell wall smooth. GPS coordinates- 25˚52’49.9” N, 94˚11’10.4” E; Locality- Meriema; Khuzama; Jakhama, Kohima 25˚35’05.7” N, 94˚08’04.5” E district Altitude-1361 m; 1595 m GPS coordinates- 25˚32’20.2” N, 94˚08’24.9” E; Date of collection- 05-09-2017; 12-07-2018 25˚31’46.7” N, 94˚07’46.5” E ; 25˚35’06.8” N, 94˚08’03.2” E Genus- Closterium Nitzsch ex Ralf Habitat-Stream; Small stream; Constructed water tank Closterium acutum var. variabile (Lemmermann) Collection number- KVP- 197, BOT NU ; KVP- Willi Krieger (Plate1, Figure-12) 236, BOT NU; KVP- 259, BOT NU (http://www.digicodes.info/Closterium_acutum_var Altitude- 1200; 1731; 1595 m _variabile.html; Prescott 1951,519,129:F) Cell 235 Date of collection- 14-03-2018; 07-12-2019; 12-07- µm long and 8 µm wide, curved and tapers at both 2018 end, apices 1.5 µm; Cell wall smooth, slight bulge in the mid region on ventral side of the cell. Family- Desmidiaceae Locality- New Terongunyu, Kohima district Genus- Cosmarium Corda ex Ralfs Habitat- Pond Collection number- KVP-133, BOT NU Cosmarium laeve Rabenhorst (Plate 1, Figure-7) GPS coordinates- 25˚52’49.9” N, 94˚11’10.4” E (Prescott 1951, 541, 133:V; Altitude-1361 m http://www.digicodes.info/Cosmarium_laeve.html/) Date of collection-05-09-2017 Cell small, semi elliptical, 22 µm long and 16 µm Closterium kuetzingii Brébisson (Plate 1, Figure- wide. Apices slightly depressed crenations absent, 13) sinus deep, Isthmus 7 µm wide. (Prescott 1951, 523, 130:N; Locality-Jakhama, Kohima district http://www.digicodes.info/Closterium_kuetzingii.ht Habitat- Constructed water tank ml) Collection number- KVP-259, BOT NU Cells 310 µm long, slightly curved, tapering towards GPS coordinates- 25˚35’06.8” N, 94˚08’03.2” E both ends, apices 2-4 µm; Middle area of the cell Altitude-1595 m broad with a width of 23 µm; Chloroplast present in Date of collection-12-07-2018 the broader region of the cell. Locality-Meriema, Kohima district Cosmarium speciosum P.Lundell (Plate 1, Figure- Habitat-Pond 6) Collection number- KVP-193, BOT NU-193 (http://www.digicodes.info/Cosmarium_speciosum.h GPS coordinates- 25˚71’40.2” N, 94˚09’56.4” E tml; Prescott 1951, 546, 135:F; Tiffany and Britton Altitude-1399 m 1952, 191, 5:584) Date of collection- 14-03-2018 Cells 53 um long and 34 um wide, slightly oblong to hemispherical shape; Sinus shallow, closed for most Closterium moniliferum Ehrenberg ex Ralfs (Plate parts, isthmus 16 um; Each semi cell has 22 1, Figure-14) crenations (4 on the apex) which are not so evident. (http://www.digicodes.info/Closterium_moniliferum Locality- Jakhama , Kohima district .html; Prescott 1951, 542, 133:M; Tiffany and Habitat- Drain Britton 1952, 172, 52:549) Collection number- KVP-260, BOT NU- Cell broad, 300 µm long and 48 µm wide, slightly GPS coordinates- 25˚35’05.7” N, 94˚08’04.5” E convex, slight bulge in the ventral side mid region Altitude-1601 m on the, rounded tapering ends with a width of 13 Date of collection-12-07-0218 µmm; Chloroplast having 3-4 longitudinal ridges;
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Plate 1. Fig. 1. Cylindrospermum majus 2. Anabaena variabilis 3. Stigonema tomentosum 4.Gleocapsa novacekii 5. Aphanocapsa grevillei 6. Cosmarium speciosum 7. Cosmarium leave 8. Cladophora glomerata 9. Eudorina elegans 10. Microspora pachyderma 11. Closterium acerosum 12.Closterium acutum var. variabile 13. Closterium kuetzingii 14. Closterium moniliferum 15. Hyalotheca dissiliens 16. Draparnaldia acuta 17. Penium margaritaceum 18. Rhizoclonium hieroglyphicum 19. Scenedesmus acunae 20. Aphanochaete repens. (Scale: Fig. 1-7, 9-13, 17-20= 10 µm; Fig. 8, 14, 15-16 = 50 µm)
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Journal of Advanced Plant Sciences 2021.11(1): 60-73 66
Genus- Hyalotheca Ehrenb`erg Genus- Hantzschia (Ehrenberg) Grunow Hyalotheca dissiliens Brebisson ex Ralf (Plate 1, Figure-15) Hantzschia amphioxys (Ehrenberg) Grunow (Plat (http://protist.i.hosei.ac.jp/PDB/Images/Chlorophy e 2, Figure-38) ta/Hyalotheca/sp_03b.html; (Tiffany and Britton,1952, 289.75:886; Boyer, http://galerie.sinicearasy.cz/galerie/streptophyta/zy 2014, 113, 32:9; Kihara et al., 2009, 96, 97:61) gnemophyceae/hyalotheca/hyalotheca-dissiliens; Prescott 1951, 589, 143:I; Tiffany and Britton Valves linear, 54 µm long and 11 µm wide, apex 1952, 56:631) round with sub-capitate ends and 6 µm wide; Cells 19 µm long and 31 µm wide, cylindrical Dorsal side convex, ventral side having depression shape, lateral side of the cell have medium in the middle; 7 straie in 10 µm. constriction of 29 µm wide; Mucilaginous sheath Locality- Jakhama, Kohima district that covers the cell is almost half the size of the Habitat- Drain cell. Collection number- KVP-260, BOT NU Locality- Jakhama, Kohima district GPS coordinates- 25˚35’05.7” N, 94˚08’04.5” E Habitat- Drain Altitude-1601 m Collection number- KVP-260, BOT NU Date of collection-12-07-2018 GPS coordinates- 25˚35’05.7” N, 94˚08’04.5” E Genus- Epithemia Kützing Altitude-1601 m Date of collection-12-07-0218 Epithemia sorex Kützing (Plate 2, Figure-34) (https://diatoms.org/species/epithemia_sorex;Tiffa Family- Peniaceae ny and Britton,1952, 281, 75:881) Cells 42 µm Genus- Penium Brébisson ex Ralfs long and 12µm wide, apex 5.2 µm wide and has rostrate end. Dorsal side of valve is convex with Penium margaritaceum Brébisson (Plate 1, almost flattened ventral side. Striae radiate, 8 Figure-17) striae in 10 µm (http://protist.i.hosei.ac.jp/PDB/Images/Chlorophy Locality- Jakhama, Kohima district ta/Penium/margaritaceum/margaritaceum_7.html; Habitat- Drain http://www.digicodes.info/Penium_margaritaceum Collection number- KVP-260, BOT NU .html/) GPS coordinates- 25˚35’05.7” N, 94˚08’04.5” E Cells cylindrical, with broadly rounded apex, Altitude-1601 m 71µm long and 17 µm wide. Walls smooth; Cells Date of collection-12-07-2018 have 4 chloroplasts with 5 longitudinal ridges. Locality- Jakhama, Kohima district Genus- Nitzschia Hassall Habitat- Constructed water tank Collection number- KVP-259, BOT NU Nitzschia vermicularis (Kützing) Hantzsch (Plate GPS coordinates- 25˚35’06.8” N, 94˚08’03.2” E 2, Figure-30) Altitude-1595 m (Tiffany and Britton, 1952, 286,76:890; Boyer Date of collection-12-07-2018 2014, 120, 32:24,33:9; Solak et al., 2019, 159, 6:133) Phylum- Bacillariophyta Valves sigmoid in girdle view, 160-162 µm long, Subphylum- Bacillariophytina 9- 10 µm wide having wide and almost flat apex; Class- Bacillariophyceae Faint striae visible, 8 striae in 10 µm Subclass- Bacillariophycidae Locality- New Terogunyu; Jakhama, Kohima Order- Bacillariales district Family- Bacillariaceae Habitat- Pond; Drain
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Collection number- KVP-133, BOT NU; KVP- Family- Gomphonemataceae 260, BOT NU Genus- Gomphonema Ehrenberg GPS coordinates- 25˚52’49.9” N, 94˚11’10.4” E; 25˚35’05.7” N, 94˚08’04.5” E Gomphonema acuminatum Ehrenberg (Plate 2, Altitude-1361 m; 1601 m Figure-39) Date of collection-05-09-2017; 12-07-2018 (https://diatoms.org/species/gomphonema_acumin atum; Order- Cymbellales http://galerie.sinicearasy.cz/galerie/chromophyta/b Family- Cymbellaceae acillariophyceae/gomphonema?image_id=11415; Genus- Cymbella C.Agardh Tiffany and Britton 1952, 72:830) Valves clavate, 62 µm long and 16 µm wide with Cymbella lanceolata (C. Agardh) 2 constriction along the margin; C.Agardh 1830 (Plate 2, Figure-29) Valve broadens near the headpole forming sub (https://diatoms.org/species/cymbella_lanceolata;T capitates ends at the apex, footpole rounded; Striae iffany and Britton 1952,280,74:872; Boyer, radiate, 10 -12 striae in 10 µm. 2014, 62, 18:4) Valves long, lanceolate, 179 µm Locality- New Terogunyu; Meriema, Kohima long and 34 µm wide, broadly rounded apices that district are 10 µm wide; Doral side convex, ventral area of Habitat- Pond; Stream central region slightly swollen; Striae radiate Collection number- KVP-133, BOT NU- KVP- throughout, 7-8 striae in 10 µm. 197, BOT NU Locality- Khuzama, Kohima district GPS coordinates- 25˚52’49.9” N, 94˚11’10.4” E; Habitat- Small stream 25˚52’49.9” N, 94˚11’10.4” E Collection number- KVP-236, BOT NU Altitude- 1361 m; 1200 m GPS coordinates- 25˚31’46.2” N, 94˚07’46.4” E Date of collection- 05-09-2017; 14-03-2018 Altitude-1731 m Date of collection- 07-12-2018 Gomphonema affine (J.Schumann) Grunow (Plat e 2, Figure-40) Cymbella tumida (Brébisson) Van Heurck (Plate (Ohtsuka et al., 2009, 140:45; Taylor at al., 2007, 2, Figure-28) 117) (Tiffany and Britton 1952, 278, 74:860; Taylor at Valves clavate shape, 43 µm long and 9 µm wide al., 2007: 105) with broadly rounded headpole of 4 µm and Valves broadly lanceolate, 59 µm long and 21 µm rounded footpole of 3.5 µm wide. Striae radiate, wide, broadly rounded sub-capitate ends, apex 6 not so evident, 11 striae in 10 µm µm wide; Dorsal margin convex, ventral area Locality- New Terogunyu, Kohima district slightly arched; 9-12 striae in 10 µm. Habitat- Pond Locality- New Terogunyu; Meriema; Khuzama; Collection number- KVP-133, BOT NU Jakhama, Kohima district GPS coordinates- 25˚52’49.9” N, 94˚11’10.4” E Habitat- Pond; Stream; Small stream; Drain Altitude- 1361m Collection number- KVP-133, BOT NU; KVP- Date of collection- 05-09-2017 197, BOT NU; KVP- 236, BOT NU; KVP-260, Order- Eunotiales BOT NU Family- Diploneidaceae GPS coordinates- 25˚52’49.9” N, 94˚11’10.4” E; Genus- Diploneis Ehrenberg ex Cleve 25˚52’49.9” N, 94˚11’10.4” E ; 25˚31’46.2” N, 94˚07’46.4” E; 25˚35’05.7” N, 94˚08’04.5” E Diploneis ovalis (Hilse) Cleve (Plate 2, Figure- Altitude-1361m; 1200 m; 1731 m;1601 m 27) Date of collection- 05-09-2017;05-09-2017; 07- (http://symbiont.ansp.org/dntf/gallery.php?g=Dipl 12-2018; 12-07-2018 oneis&r=N-P; Haley and Lewis,1955, 18, 2:1;
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Journal of Advanced Plant Sciences 2021.11(1): 60-73 68 https://diatoms.org/species/diploneis_ovalis1) long, 8-15 µm wide; Cells joined along the length Valves elliptical-ovoid shape with round apices, of the cells forming ribbon like colonies; Ends 24 µm wide and 37 µm long. Longitudinal canal slightly undulated due to raised costae; Striae along the central region of the cell; Striae radiate slightly radiate, 6 striae in 10 µm. throughout, 9-11 striae in 10 µm Locality- Jakhama, Kohima district Locality- New Terogunyu, Meriema, Kohima Habitat- Drain district Collection number- KVP-260, BOT NU Habitat- Pond GPS coordinates- 25˚35’05.7” N, 94˚08’04.5” E Collection number- KVP-133, BOT NU; KVP-193 Altitude-1601 m BOT NU Date of collection- 12-07-2019 GPS coordinates- 25˚52’49.9” N, 94˚11’10.4” E; 25˚52’49.9” N, 94˚11’10.4” E Order- Naviculales Altitude-1361 m; 1399 m Family- Naviculaceae Date of collection- 05-09-2017; 14-03-2018 Genus- Navicula Bory
Family- Eunotiaceae Navicula cryptocephaloides Hustedt (Plate 2, Genus- Eunotia Ehrenberg Figure-24) (https://diatoms.org/species/navicula_cryptocephal Eunotia serra Ehrenberg (Plate 2, Figure-34) oides; Das and Adhikary, 2014, 236, 18:18) Valves lanceolate with rounded apex, 50 µm long (https://diatoms.org/species/eunotia_serra; Kihara and 14 µm wide. Straie radiate and widely et al., 2009,96, 95:47 ; Brant and Furey, 2011, spaced,7 straie in 10 µm. 222-224:1-35) Locality- New Terongunyu, Kohima district Valves arched, 81 µm long and 17 µm wide, Habitat- Pond dorsal margin with 14-15 bluntly pointed and Collection number- KVP-133, BOT NU evenly spaced undulations; Striae radiate,13 striae GPS coordinates- 25˚52’49.9” N, 94˚11’10.4” E in 10 µm. Altitude-1361 m Locality- Dziikou valley, Kohima district, Date of collection- 05-09-2017 Nagaland Habitat- Stagnant water Family- Pinnulariaceae Collection number- KVP-297, BOT NU Genus- Pinnularia Ehrenberg GPS coordinates- 25˚33’13.4” N, 94˚03’54.8” E Pinnularia subgibba Krammer (Plate 2, Figure- Altitude-2451 m 26) Date of collection- 04-04-2019 (Kihara et al., 2015, 30,46:209) Order- Fragilariales Valves are linear with slightly convex sides, 80 - Family- Fragilariaceae 83um long and 9-11 µm wide; Apex rostrate, 12 Genus- Fragillaria Lyngbye µm wide; Striae radiate in the centre and convergent towards the apices, 9 striae in 10 µm Fragillaria capucina Desmazières (Plate 2, Locality- Jakhama, Kohima district Figure-31) Habitat- Drain (https://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/? Collection number- KVP-260, BOT NU species_id=Lb63d2dbe4a4cd963 GPS coordinates- 25˚35’05.7” N, 94˚08’04.5” E https://www.biodiversidadvirtual.org/micro/Fragil Altitude-1601 m aria-capucina-img1514.html;Tiffany and Britton Date of collection-12-07-2019 1952, 234, 62:699) Valves rectangular in girdle view, 145- 150 µm
Published online: 30-04-2021
Journal of Advanced Plant Sciences 2021.11(1): 60-73 69
Pinnularia viridis (Nitzsch) Ehrenberg (Plate 2, Figure-25) Cells in colony joined along the length of the cell, (Kihara et al., 2015, 32; Taylor et al., 2007, 92) valves rectangular in girdle view, 150-155 um long and 9-12 um wide, 10 striae in 10 um Valves linear, oblong with slight medial swelling, Locality- New Terogunyu, Meriema, Kohima 196 µm long and 32 µm wide with rounded ends, district apex 18 µm wide; Striae radiate near the centre Habitat- Pond and convergent near the apices, 7 striae in 10 µm Collection number- KVP-133, BOT NU; KVP-193 Habitat- Pond; Drain BOT NU Locality- New Terogunyu; Jakhama, Kohima GPS coordinates- 25˚52’49.9” N, 94˚11’10.4” E; district 25˚52’49.9” N, 94˚11’10.4” E Collection number- KVP-133, BOT NU; KVP- Altitude-1361 m; 1399 m 260, BOT NU Date of collection- 05-09-2017; 14-03-2018 GPS coordinates- 25˚52’49.9” N, 94˚11’10.4” E; 25˚35’05.7” N, 94˚08’04.5” E Order- Rhopalodiales Altitude-1361 m; 1601 m Family- Rhopalodiaceae Date of collection- 05-09-2017, 12-07-2018 Genus- Rhopalodia (Ehrenberg ) O. Müller
Order-Licmophorales Rhopalodia gibba (Ehrenberg) O.Müller (Plate 2, Family-Ulnariaceae Figure-22) Genus-Ulnaria (Kutzing) Compère (https://www.keweenawalgae.mtu.edu/gallery_pag es/diatoms5.htm; Taylor et al ., 2007:132) Ulnaria ulna (Nitzsch) Compère 2001 (Plate 2, Cells in girdle view, Valve 77 µm long and 23 µm Figure-35) wide, central area of valves inflated, broad and (https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/496856-Ulnaria- flattened ends, apex 8 µm wide. Striae parallel, 7 ulna/browse_photos; striae in 10 µm. Costae prominent and extend https://www.biodiversidadvirtual.org/micro/Syned across the valve ra-ulna-Ulnaria-ulna-img3885.html) Locality- New Terogunyu, Kohima district Valves rectangular and slightly tapered at the Habitat- Pond apices,180 µm long, 4.4 µm wide and apices 3 µm Collection number- KVP-133, BOT NU- KVP- wide. Adjacent cells are joined throughout the 133, BOT NU length of the cell, Striae radiate throughout, 11 GPS coordinates- 25˚52’49.9” N, 94˚11’10.4” E striae in 10 µm Altitude- 1361 m Locality- New Terogunyu, Meriema, Kohima Date of collection- 05-09-2017 district Habitat- Pond Order- Tabellariales Collection number- KVP-133, BOT NU; KVP-193 Family- Tabellariaceae BOT NU Genus- Diatoma Bory GPS coordinates- 25˚52’49.9” N, 94˚11’10.4” E; 25˚52’49.9” N, 94˚11’10.4” E Diatoma mesodon (Ehrenberg) Kützing (Plate 2, Altitude-1361 m; 1399 m Figure-36) Date of collection- 05-09-2017; 14-03-2018 (http://www.diatomloir.eu/Diatodouces/Chloroplas tes.html; Nagumo and Osada, 1985, 137: 8) Ulnaria biceps (Kützing) Compère (Plate 2, Valves 19- 23 µm wide and 16.5-17 µm wide, Figure-32) rectangular shape in girdle view. Cells joined end (https://naturalhistory.museumwales.ac.uk/diatoms to end forming colonies /Home.php/, Das and Adhikary, 2014, 218, 17:9) Locality- New Terogunyu, Jakhama, Kohima
Published online: 30-04-2021
Journal of Advanced Plant Sciences 2021.11(1): 60-73 70 district, Nagaland Family- Melosiraceae Habitat- Pond; Constructed water tank; Collection Genus- Melosira C. Aghard number- KVP-133, BOT NU; KVP-259, BOT NU GPS coordinates- 25˚52’49.9” N, 94˚11’10.4” E; Melosira varians C. Agardh (Plate 2, Figure-33) 25˚35’05.7” N, 94˚08’04.5” E (https://diatoms.org/species/melosira_varians/; Altitude-1361 m; 1595 m Tiffany and Britton, 1952,221,59,673; Boyer, Date of collection- 05-09-2017; 12-07-2018 2014, 17,1:18,19) Cylindrical cells joined end to end forming a long Odontidium mesodon (Ehrenberg) Kirchner chain; Cells 30-33 µm long and 12 µm wide; (Plate 2, Figure-37) Numerous discoidal chloroplasts inside the cell, (https://diatoms.org/species/odontidium_mesodon) areola absent Cell 24.3 µm long and 19.2 µm wide, rectangular Locality- Jakhama, Kohima district shape in girdle view, prominent costae with Habitat- Drain punctuate striation between the costae. Collection number- KVP-260, BOT NU Locality- Dziileke, Kohima district GPS coordinates- 25˚35’05.7” N, 94˚08’04.5” E Habitat- Stream Altitude-1601 m GPS coordinates- 25˚62’95.0” N, 94˚01’18.7” E Date of collection- 12-07-2019 Collection number- KVP-164, BOT NU Altitude-2167 m Summary and Conclusion Date of collection-24-01-2018 Survey was done on a drain, stagnant water, Order- Thalassiophysales constructed water tank, 3 streams, 2 ponds, during Family- Catenulaceae the month of September 2017 to April 2019 from Genus- Amphora Ehrenberg ex Kützing Jakhama, New Terogunyu, Dziikou valley, Khuzama, Meriema of Kohima district to study the Ampohora ovalis Kützing (Plate 2, Figure-21) algal flora. (Tiffany and Britton 1952, 274,73,:855; https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/325558-Amphora) The study reveals the presence of 40 algal taxa Valves elliptic, 26.2 µm wide and 55 um long belonging to the belonging to 6 class i.e.,Class having almost blunt end, apices 3.9 µm wide; Cyanophyceae viz., Anabaena variabilis, Raphe linear and extending along the length of the Aphanocapsa grevillei, Cylindrospermum majus, cell; Striae slightly radiate centrally and becoming Stigonema tomentosum, Gleocapsa novacekii. convergent towards the apices. Class Chlorophyceae viz., Aphanochaete repens, Locality- New Terogunyu; Meriema, Kohima Scenedesmus acunae, Eudorina elegans, district Draparnaldia acuta, Microspora pachyderma. Habitat- Pond; Stream Class Baccilariophyceae viz., Ampohora ovalis, Collection number- KVP-133, BOT NU- KVP- Diatoma mesodon, Odontidium mesodon, 197, BOT NU Epithemia sorex, Fragillaria capucina,Ulnaria GPS coordinates- 25˚52’49.9” N, 94˚11’10.4” E; biceps, Ulnaria ulna, Nitzschia vermicularis, 25˚52’49.9” N, 94˚11’10.4” E Pinnularia subgibba, Pinnularia viridis, Diploneis Altitude- 1361 m; 1200 m ovalis, Rhopalodia gibba, Eunotia serra, Date of collection- 05-09-2017; 14-03-2018 Cymbella tumida,Cymbella lanceolata,Hantzschia amphioxys,Gomphonema acuminatum ,Gomphone Subphylum-Coscinodiscophytina ma affine,Navicula cryptocephaloides. Class- Coscinodiscophyceae Order- Melosirales Class Coscinodiscophyceae viz.,Melosira varians. Class Ulvophyveae viz Cladophora Published online: 30-04-2021
Journal of Advanced Plant Sciences 2021.11(1): 60-73 71
Plate 2. Fig21. Ampohora ovalis 22. Rhopalodia gibba 23. Epithemia sorex 24. Navicula cryptocephaloides 25. Pinnularia subgibba 26. Pinnularia viridis 27. Diploneis ovalis 28. Cymbella tumida 29. Cymbella lanceolata 30. Nitzschia vermicularis 31. Fragillaria capucina 32. Ulnaria biceps 33. Melosira varians 34. Eunotia serra 35. Ulnaria ulna 36. Diatoma mesodon 37. Odontidium mesodon 38. Hantzschia amphioxys 39. Gomphonema acuminatum 40. Gomphonema affine (Scale: Fig. 21-30, 32, 34, 35, 37-40= 10 µm; Fig. 31, 33, 36 = 50 µm)
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Journal of Advanced Plant Sciences 2021.11(1): 60-73 72 glomerata, Rhizoclonium hieroglyphicum and class Caroline S, Pieter V, Elie V, Koen S and Wim V Zygnematophyceae viz., Closterium acerosum, (2010). Tolerance of benthic diatoms from Closterium acutum var. variabile, Closterium temperate aquatic and terrestrial habitats to kuetzingii , Closterium moniliferum, Hyalotheca experimental desiccation and temperature dissiliens, Cosmarium speciosum, Cosmarium leave, stress. Phycologia. 49 (4): 309–324. Penium margaritaceum. Clarence E (1945). Desmids of the West End of Lake Erie. The Ohio Journal of Science Freshwater Algal diversity study was done for the 45(5): 180-205. first time in Nagaland by Das and Adhikary in 2012 Das S K and Adhikary S P (2012). Freshwater algae from Dimapur, Chumukedima, Peren and Wokha of Nagaland. The Journal of Indian Botanical where they reported 94 algal taxa. This study is the Society.91(1-3):99-123. first of this kind for Kohima district. Out of the 40 Das S K and Adhikary S P (2014). Freshwater algae algal species that have been reported, 37 species are of Eastern India. Daya Publication the first records from Nagaland. HouseAstral International Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi. pp 453. Among the species reported, Anabaena recta and Desikachary T V (1959). Cyanophyta. I.C.A.R. Cylindrospermum majus are heterocystous Nitrogen monograph on Algae. New Delhi. Pp 686. fixing cyanobacteria. Cladophora glomerata which Devi S D, Indrama T and Tiwari O N (2010). was reported from a stream in Meriema also has Biodiversity analysis and reproductive great economic potential. C. glomerata has anti- cultural behaviour of Cyanobacteria of North gastric, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, Eastern region of India having acidic hypotensive properties as reported by Peerapornpisa properties. The International Journal of et al. (2006) Antioxidant and anti-cancer agent also Plateant Reproductive Biology. 2: 127 – 135. (Laungsuwon and Chulalaksananukul, 2013). Edward G, Bellinger H and David C S (2010). It is consumed as food in Thailand (Thiamdao et Freshwater Algae Identification and Use as al., 2012) with high nutrient content (Taweesak and Bioindicatorsby.John Wiley &Sons, Ltd.Pp Siripen 2011). So far, no algae are being used as 394. food in Kahima district of Nagaland. Haley E H and Lewis R C (1955). Distribution and taxonomy of diatoms (bacillariophyta) in surface samples and a two-meter core from Acknowledgement Winslow marsh, Bainbridge Island, Washington The authors are thankful to the Head, Department of U.S. Department of the interior U.S. Botany Department for providing all the laboratory Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025- facilities. Authors also acknowledge the help of 3591 open-filereport.105pp. rendered by Algal Ecology Lab, NEHU, Shillong. Hauer T (2007). Rock-inhabiting cyanoprokaryota Our gratitude is also accorded to the UGC. Non- from South Bohemia (Czech Republic). Nova NET, New Delhi to one of the author for financial Hedwigia. 85: 379-392. assistance during the present investigation (author Hauer T (2008). Epilithic cyanobacterial flora of K.K) Mohelenská hadcová steppe Nature Reserve (western Moravia, Czech Republic) 70 years ago and now. Fottea. 8(2): 129–132. References John D M, Whitton B A and Brook A J (2002). The
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