The Low Countries
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Born out of Rebellion: the Netherlands from the Dutch Revolt to the Eve of World War I: Ulrich Tiedau | University College London
09/25/21 DUTC0003: Born out of Rebellion: The Netherlands from the Dutch Revolt to the Eve of World War I: Ulrich Tiedau | University College London DUTC0003: Born out of Rebellion: The View Online Netherlands from the Dutch Revolt to the Eve of World War I: Ulrich Tiedau Arblaster P, A History of the Low Countries, vol Palgrave essential histories (Palgrave Macmillan 2006) Blom, J. C. H. and Lamberts, Emiel, History of the Low Countries (Berghahn Books 1999) Boogman JC, ‘Thorbecke, Challenge and Response’ (1974) 7 Acta Historiae Neerlandicae 126 Bornewasser JA, ‘Mythical Aspects of Dutch Anti-Catholicism in the 19th Century’, Britain and the Netherlands: Vol.5: Some political mythologies (Martinus Nijhoff 1975) Boxer, C. R., The Dutch Seaborne Empire, 1600-1800, vol Pelican books (Penguin 1973) Cloet M, ‘Religious Life in a Rural Deanery in Flanders during the 17th Century. Tielt from 1609 to 1700’ (1971) 5 Acta Historiae Neerlandica 135 Crew, Phyllis Mack, Calvinist Preaching and Iconoclasm in the Netherlands, 1544-1569, vol Cambridge studies in early modern history (Cambridge University Press 1978) Daalder H, ‘The Netherlands: Opposition in a Segmented Society’, Political oppositions in western democracies (Yale University Press 1966) Darby, Graham, The Origins and Development of the Dutch Revolt (Routledge 2001) Davis WW, Joseph II: An Imperial Reformer for the Austrian Netherlands (Nijhoff 1974) De Belder J, ‘Changes in the Socio-Economic Status of the Belgian Nobility in the 19th Century’ (1982) 15 Low Countries History Yearbook 1 Deursen, Arie Theodorus van, Plain Lives in a Golden Age: Popular Culture, Religion, and Society in Seventeenth-Century Holland (Cambridge University Press 1991) Dhont J and Bruwier M, ‘The Industrial Revolution in the Low Countries’, The emergence of industrial societies: Part 1, vol The Fontana economic history of Europe (Fontana 1973) Emerson B, Leopold II of the Belgians: King of Colonialism (Weidenfeld and Nicolson) Fishman, J. -
Distribution and Ecology of the Stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Flanders
Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim. 2008, 44 (3), 203 - 213 Distribution and ecology of the stonefl ies (Plecoptera) of Flanders (Belgium) K. Lock, P.L.M. Goethals Ghent University, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, J. Plateaustraat 22, 9000 Gent, Belgium. Based on a literature survey and the identifi cation of all available collection material from Flanders, a checklist is presented, distribution maps are plotted and the relationship between the occurrence of the different species and water characteristics is analysed. Of the sixteen stonefl y species that have been recorded, three are now extinct in Flanders (Isogenus nubecula, Taen- iopteryx nebulosa and T. schoenemundi), while the remaining species are rare. The occurrence of stonefl ies is almost restricted to small brooks, while observations in larger watercourses are almost lacking. Although a few records may indicate that some larger watercourses have recently been recolonised, these observations consisted of single specimens and might be due to drift. Most stonefl y population are strongly isolated and therefore extremely vulnerable. Small brooks in the Campine region (northeast Flanders), which are characterised by a lower pH and a lower conductivity, contained a different stonefl y community than the small brooks in the rest of Flanders. Leuctra pseudosignifera, Nemoura marginata and Protonemura intricata are mainly found in small brooks in the loamy region, Amphinemura standfussi, Isoperla grammatica, Leuctra fusca, L. hippopus, N. avicularis and P. meyeri mainly occur in small Campine brooks, while L. nigra, N. cinerea and Nemurella pictetii can be found in both types. Nemoura dubitans can typically be found in stagnant water fed with freatic water. -
Of a Princely Court in the Burgundian Netherlands, 1467-1503 Jun
Court in the Market: The ‘Business’ of a Princely Court in the Burgundian Netherlands, 1467-1503 Jun Hee Cho Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2013 © 2013 Jun Hee Cho All rights reserved ABSTRACT Court in the Market: The ‘Business’ of a Princely Court in the Burgundian Netherlands, 1467-1503 Jun Hee Cho This dissertation examines the relations between court and commerce in Europe at the onset of the modern era. Focusing on one of the most powerful princely courts of the period, the court of Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy, which ruled over one of the most advanced economic regions in Europe, the greater Low Countries, it argues that the Burgundian court was, both in its institutional operations and its cultural aspirations, a commercial enterprise. Based primarily on fiscal accounts, corroborated with court correspondence, municipal records, official chronicles, and contemporary literary sources, this dissertation argues that the court was fully engaged in the commercial economy and furthermore that the culture of the court, in enacting the ideals of a largely imaginary feudal past, was also presenting the ideals of a commercial future. It uncovers courtiers who, despite their low rank yet because of their market expertise, were close to the duke and in charge of acquiring and maintaining the material goods that made possible the pageants and ceremonies so central to the self- representation of the Burgundian court. It exposes the wider network of court officials, urban merchants and artisans who, tied by marriage and business relationships, together produced and managed the ducal liveries, jewelries, tapestries and finances that realized the splendor of the court. -
State of Play Analyses for Antwerp & Limburg- Belgium
State of play analyses for Antwerp & Limburg- Belgium Contents Socio-economic characterization of the region ................................................................ 2 General ...................................................................................................................................... 2 Hydrology .................................................................................................................................. 7 Regulatory and institutional framework ......................................................................... 11 Legal framework ...................................................................................................................... 11 Standards ................................................................................................................................ 12 Identification of key actors .............................................................................................. 13 Existing situation of wastewater treatment and agriculture .......................................... 17 Characterization of wastewater treatment sector ................................................................. 17 Characterization of the agricultural sector: ............................................................................ 20 Existing related initiatives ................................................................................................ 26 Discussion and conclusion remarks ................................................................................ -
The Art Market in the Dutch Golden
The Art Market in the Dutch Art 1600–1700 Dutch Golden Age The first great free market economy for art This painting is occurred in the Dutch Republic of the 1600s. an example of the This republic was the most wealthy and “history painting” urbanized nation at the time. Its wealth was category. based on local industries such as textiles and breweries and the domination of the global trade market by the Dutch East India Company. This economic power translated into a sizeable urban middle class with disposable income to purchase art. As a result of the Protestant Reformation, and the absence of liturgical painting in the Protestant Church, religious patronage was no longer a major source of income for artists. Rather than working on commission, artists sold their paintings on an open market in bookstores, fairs, and through dealers. (c o n t i n u e d o n b a c k ) Jan Steen (Dutch, 1626–1679). Esther, Ahasuerus, and Haman, about 1668. Oil on canvas; 38 x 47 1/16 in. John L. Severance Fund 1964.153 Dutch Art 1600–1700 Still-life paintings like this one were often less expen- sive than history paintings. (c o n t i n u e d f r o m f r o n t ) This open market led to the rise in five major categories of painting: history painting, portraiture, scenes of everyday life, landscapes, and still-life paintings. The most prized, most expensive, and often largest in scale were history or narrative paintings, often with biblical or allegorical themes. -
Literature of the Low Countries
Literature of the Low Countries A Short History of Dutch Literature in the Netherlands and Belgium Reinder P. Meijer bron Reinder P. Meijer, Literature of the Low Countries. A short history of Dutch literature in the Netherlands and Belgium. Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague / Boston 1978 Zie voor verantwoording: http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/meij019lite01_01/colofon.htm © 2006 dbnl / erven Reinder P. Meijer ii For Edith Reinder P. Meijer, Literature of the Low Countries vii Preface In any definition of terms, Dutch literature must be taken to mean all literature written in Dutch, thus excluding literature in Frisian, even though Friesland is part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, in the same way as literature in Welsh would be excluded from a history of English literature. Similarly, literature in Afrikaans (South African Dutch) falls outside the scope of this book, as Afrikaans from the moment of its birth out of seventeenth-century Dutch grew up independently and must be regarded as a language in its own right. Dutch literature, then, is the literature written in Dutch as spoken in the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the so-called Flemish part of the Kingdom of Belgium, that is the area north of the linguistic frontier which runs east-west through Belgium passing slightly south of Brussels. For the modern period this definition is clear anough, but for former times it needs some explanation. What do we mean, for example, when we use the term ‘Dutch’ for the medieval period? In the Middle Ages there was no standard Dutch language, and when the term ‘Dutch’ is used in a medieval context it is a kind of collective word indicating a number of different but closely related Frankish dialects. -
PDF Viewing Archiving 300
Mémoires pour servir à l'Explication Toelichtende Verhandelingen des Cartes Géologiques et Minières voorde Geologische en Mijnkaarten de la Belgique van België Mémoire No 21 Verhandeling N° 21 Subsurface structural analysis of the late-Dinantian carbonate shelf at the northern flank of the Brabant Massif (Campine Basin, N-Belgium). by R. DREESEN, J. BOUCKAERT, M. DUSAR, J. SOl LLE & N. VANDENBERGHE MINISTERE DES AFFAIRES ECONOMIQUES MINISTERIE VAN ECONOMISCHE ZAKEN ADMINISTRATION DES MINES BESTUUR VAN HET MIJNWEZEN Service Géologique de Belgique Belgische Geologische Dienst 13, rue Jenner 13,Jennerstr.aat 1040 BRUXELLES 1040 BRUSSEL Mé~. Expl. Cartes Géologiques et Minières de la Belgique 1987 N° 21 37p. 18 fig. Toelicht. Verhand. Geologische en Mijnkaarten van België blz. tabl. SUBSURFACE STRUCTURAL ANAL VSIS OF THE LATE-DINANTIAN CARBONATE SHELF AT THE NORTHERN FLANK OF THE BRABANT MASSIF (CAMPINE BASIN, N-BELGIUM). 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Seismic surveys in the Antwerp Campine area 1.2. Geological - stratigraph ical setting 1.3. Main results 2. THE DINANTIAN CARBONATE SUBCROP 2. 1. Sei smic character 2.2. General trends and anomalies 2.2.1. Western zone 2.2.2. Eastern zone 2.2.3. Transition zone 2.3. Deformations 2.3.1. Growth fault 2.3.2. Collapse structures 2.3.3. T ectonics 2.3.3.1. Graben faults 2.3.3.2. Central belt 2.4. 1nternal and underlying structures 2.4.1. 1nternal structures 2.4.2. Underlying deep reflectors 3. RELATIONSHIP WITH OVERLYING STRATA 3.1. Upper Carboniferous 3.1.1. Namurian 3.1.2. Westphalian 3.2. Mesozoicum 3.3. -
A Short History of Holland, Belgium and Luxembourg
A Short History of Holland, Belgium and Luxembourg Foreword ............................................................................2 Chapter 1. The Low Countries until A.D.200 : Celts, Batavians, Frisians, Romans, Franks. ........................................3 Chapter 2. The Empire of the Franks. ........................................5 Chapter 3. The Feudal Period (10th to 14th Centuries): The Flanders Cloth Industry. .......................................................7 Chapter 4. The Burgundian Period (1384-1477): Belgium’s “Golden Age”......................................................................9 Chapter 5. The Habsburgs: The Empire of Charles V: The Reformation: Calvinism..........................................10 Chapter 6. The Rise of the Dutch Republic................................12 Chapter 7. Holland’s “Golden Age” ..........................................15 Chapter 8. A Period of Wars: 1650 to 1713. .............................17 Chapter 9. The 18th Century. ..................................................20 Chapter 10. The Napoleonic Interlude: The Union of Holland and Belgium. ..............................................................22 Chapter 11. Belgium Becomes Independent ...............................24 Chapter 13. Foreign Affairs 1839-19 .........................................29 Chapter 14. Between the Two World Wars. ................................31 Chapter 15. The Second World War...........................................33 Chapter 16. Since the Second World War: European Co-operation: -
The Impact of Charles V's Wars on Society in the Low Countries. a Brief Exploration of the Theme
The impact of Charles V's wars on society in the Low Countries. A brief exploration of the theme Hans Cools Universidad de Leidem In the first half of the sixteenth century most inhabitants of the Low Countries must have experienced, in one way or another, the effects of warfare. Charles V, who niled the Netherlands from 1515 until 1555, was at war during nventy-three years of his reign. In seventeen of these war years, at least part of the miKtary operations took place within the Low Countries or cióse to its borders ^. In fact, no natural frontier protected the Netherlands from invasions by Charles's principal adversaries, the french kings Francis I and Henry 11. Charles of Egmond, duke of Gelderland, and later William von der Marck, duke of Cleves, JüHch and Berg, whose territories stretched along the valleys of the Lower Rhine and the Maas, constituted until 1543 useful allies of the French. If the two aMies co-ordinated their actions, as they did on various occasions, they could strike the Habsburg govemment of the Netherlands wherever they wanted. During the reign of Charles V the nature of military operations and the scale on which they took place changed dramaticaUy. Roughly speaking, the size of armies mul- tiphed by five. In 1523 a joint English-Habsburg expeditionary forcé, under the command of Charles Brandon, duke of Suffolk, marched along the Somme valley towards París. This army numbered at the most eleven thousand men '. By the standards of the time, this was thought to be a formidable forcé. -
Track Changes Version
Proposal new articles of association TRACK CHANGES VERSION CAMPINE Public limited liability company At Nijverheidsstraat 2, 2340 Beerse, VAT BE 0403.807.337 RLE Antwerp section Turnhout DRAFT COORDINATED ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION OPTING INTO THE NEW BELGIAN CODE ON COMPANIES AND ASSOCIATION SECTION I : Legal Form, Name, Registered Office, PurposeObject , Term Article 1 : Legal form and Name The company has the form of a limited liability company ("naamloze vennootschap") , which appeals or has appealed to the public savings . Its name is “CAMPINE”. Article 2 : Registered office The registered office of the company is located at 2340 Beerse, Nijverheidsstraat 2. However, the board of directors can decide to transfer its registered office to any other city in the country. The board of directors can decide to establish where it deems useful, whether in Belgium or abroad, branches administration offices, subsidiaries, stocks, or agencies. The company's website is www.campine.com. The company’s email address is [email protected]. Article 3 : PurposeObject The purposeobject of the company is to exploit the hereafter-mentioned exploitations and all similar establishments, either by practicing a metal industry or an industry of chemical products, either by adding or establishing industries or branches of industries, and this in order to enhance their productivity or to improve their return or production. In particular, the company will concentrate on the recycling of lead and other metal fabrics. Overall, the company is allowed to execute these industrial, commercial or financial transactions, which are to develop or to favour its industrial or commercial activities. Consequently, the company is allowed to merge with similar Belgian or foreign companies, by inscribing, purchasing of securities, contributing in kind, waiving of rights, leasing or renting or else, taking interests in all existing or future companies relating directly or indirectly with its company purposeobject . -
Famines in the Low Countries, Fourteenth to Nineteenth Centuries
1 Famines in the Low Countries, fourteenth to nineteenth centuries Daniel Curtis Jessica Dijkman Thijs Lambrecht Eric Vanhaute Introduction Episodes of dearth and famine can be discerned in documents from the Low Countries from as early as the late Carolingian period. Though as with other parts of Europe at this time, we rely ultimately on the perception and opinion of contemporary chroniclers, making it difficult to say anything particularly quantifiable or comparative. For example, one seventeenth-century humanist writer compiled a number of medieval chronicles detailing ‘twere zeit’ (hard times) in Frisia from as early as 851, and then intermittently disrupting the eleventh century in years 1006, 1051, 1062, and 1069 (Sax 1986: 145). Medieval chroniclers further noted serious periods of dearth in the twelfth century; one in 1146-47 connected with ‘carestia’ (pestilence or disease) and the ‘darkening of the skies’, suggestive of abnormal climatic conditions, while another in 1191 apparently was noted for its wide geographical impact (Kuys 1983: nos 220, 251; De Ram 1861: II, bk. 14, no. 2). Chronicles from ecclesiastical institutions are our main evidence for harvest failures and dearth in the thirteenth century too: abbot Menko of the monastery of Wittewierum remarked in Groningen in 1250 that city officials had imported grain from unknown ‘other lands’ to compensate for scarcity (Jansen and Janse 1991: 380-1). Quantifiable data appear from the fourteenth century onwards in the Low Countries, and then with increasing frequency in the transition into the early modern period. However, it is clear that research into the interaction between food availability and mortality in the late-medieval and early modern period is still a task fraught with source limitations and methodological difficulties. -
Introduction Day To
BELGIAN BIKE TOURS - EMAIL: [email protected] - TELEPHONE +31(0)24-3244712 - FAX +31(0)24-3608454 - WWW.DUTCH-BIKETOURS.NL The Flemish Beer route 8 days, € 669 Introduction Belgium is famous worldwide for its many different beers, with a brewing tradition dating back to the Middle Ages. Centuries ago, even children were given a bit of brew to avoid the undependable drinking water. Nowadays over 200 breweries operate here, creating a variety of styles from refreshing white ale to bolder tripels and quadrupels. On this cycling holiday, discover the origin of several of Belgium’s best beers and marvel at the lovely surroundings that produce them! Pedal into woodlands in the Campine, roll past the renowned Achelse Kluis abbey and cross the Dutch border into Noord Brabant. Explore the world playing card capital of Turnhout and go mad in Antwerp trying to see everything on your list. The friendly university town of Leuven lives up to its reputation and your week ends with a fun and quirky highlight: cycling through water! Day to Day Day 1 Arrival Genk Make your way to Genk today, receive a friendly welcome at your hotel and wander through delightful Molenvijver Park before dinner. Day 2 Genk - Heeze 75 km Kick off your tour riding quiet roads to Bocholt, home to Europe’s largest beer brewery museum. Breathe in the aroma and discover the steps leading up to a perfectly poured pint. The nature reserve at Beverbeekse Heide is a world of wetlands, woods and patches of heath. Pause in Achelse Kluis to see the abbey and adjacent brewery, shop, gallery and inn.