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SAMOA Post-Disaster Needs Assessment SAMOA Post-Disaster Needs Assessment Following the Earthquake and Tsunami of 29th September 2009 Government of Samoa December 2009 GOVERNMENT OF SAMOA SAMOA Post-Disaster Needs Assessment Following the Earthquake and Tsunami of 29th September 2009 GOVERNMENT OF SAMOA | iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS his Post-Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) is a joint initiative of a cross-agency group comprising the World Bank (WB), the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the United Nations International Strategy for TDisaster Reduction (UN-ISDR), the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pa- cific (UN ESCAP) working jointly with the Government of Samoa, and with technical support from the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)1∗ and financial support from the Government of Australia. A number of multilateral and bilateral agencies and NGOs also made their each unique and outstanding con- tribution. The joint team is grateful to the Government of Samoa’s policymakers and senior officials for their leader- ship and cooperation throughout the assessment, particularly: Asuao Kirifi Pouono (CEO, MAF); Palanitina Tupuimatagi Toelupe (CEO, MOH); Maulolo Amosa (Assistant CEO, MWCSD); Toleafoa Elon P. Betham (General Manager, SPA); Taulealeausumai Laavasa Malua (CEO, MNRE); Ausetalia Titimaea (MNRE); Faleafaga Toni Tipa- maa (MNRE); Filomena Nelson (MNRE); James Moeono (LTA); The PDNA draws upon the findings of various assessments carried out in the immediate aftermath of the disas- ters by the government, the Inter Agency Standing Committee cluster teams, and nongovernmental organiza- tions. The PDNA greatly benefited from these initial assessments. The joint team is grateful to the following staff for their dedicated involvement and contribution: Alain Goffeau (Head, Project Administration Unit, South Pacific Subregional Office, ADB); Dr.Bruce Knapman (Economist); Kiyoshi Oswin Nakamitsu (Education Special- ist and Desk Officer, ADB); Stephen Blaik (Water Supply and Sanitation Specialist, ADB); David Smith (Regional Adviser on Development Policy, UNESCAP); Nokeo Ratanavong (Economic Affair Officer, UNESCAP); Jean-Luc Stalon (Senior Regional Crisis Prevention& Recovery Advisor and Program Manager, UNDP); Justin Locke (De- velopment Specialist, UNDP); Peniamina D Leavai (Climate Change Program Officer, UNDP); Moortaza Jiwanji (Disaster Risk Management Advisor, UNDP); Sala Georgina Bonin (Assistant Resident Representative/Human Development Policy Advisor, UNDP); Disa Weerapana (Senior Adviser, UN-Habitat), Mohammed Umar (MSc, Associate Professor in Agriculture, USP); John Perrottet (IFC); Leiataua Isikuki Punivalu (Managing Director, IPA Engineering & Management Consultants); Nadia Meredith-Hunt (Consultant, KVA Consult Ltd); Takayuki TOMIHARA (Project Formulation Advisor, JICA); Shona L van Zijll de Jong (Environmental Economist, National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd); Demetrios Papathanasiou (Team Leader, Senior Infrastructure Specialist, WB); Doekle Wielinga (Senior Disaster Risk Management Specialist, WB); Edward Charles Anderson (Disaster Risk Management Specialist, WB); Henrike Brecht (Disaster Risk Management Specialist, WB); Ian Mor- ris (Consultant, WB); Photographs used in this publication were taken by the assessment team unless otherwise indicated. To all of these contributors the team would like to express their deepest thanks and appreciation. 1 Since its establishment in September 2006, GFDRR has evolved into a partnership of 25 countries and regional and international organizations that are committed to helping developing countries reduce their vulnerability to natural hazards and adapt to climate change. Special thanks and appreciation are extended to the partners who support GFDRR’s work to protect livelihood and improve lives: ACP Secretariat, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, European Commission, Finland, France, Germany, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, and the World Bank. Financial and Insurance Instruments | v tabLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................... iii Acronyms and Abbreviations ...................................................................................................................viii Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................... xi Section I: Living with Disasters ..................................................................................................................1 1.1. Samoa’s Disaster Risk Profile .................................................................................................................1 1.2. The Tsunami of September 29, 2009 ....................................................................................................2 1.3. Early Recovery Framework ....................................................................................................................4 Section II: Economic and Sector Impacts and Needs ...............................................................................5 2.1. Assessment Methodology ....................................................................................................................5 2.2. Summary of Damage and Losses ..........................................................................................................7 2.3. Social Infrastructure............................................................................................................................10 2.3.1. Health .....................................................................................................................................10 2.3.2. Education ................................................................................................................................18 2.3.3. Community Infrastructure Religious and Cultural Heritage ........................................................21 2.4. Productive Sectors .................................................................................................................................26 2.4.1. Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries...........................................................................................26 2.4.2. Industry and Commerce ...........................................................................................................31 2.4.3. Tourism ....................................................................................................................................33 2.5. Economic Infrastructure ........................................................................................................................37 2.5.1. Housing ...................................................................................................................................37 2.5.2. Water Supply and Sanitation ....................................................................................................51 2.5.3. Energy .....................................................................................................................................55 2.5.4. Transport ..................................................................................................................................58 2.5.5. Communication .......................................................................................................................63 2.6. Cross-Sector Issues .............................................................................................................................68 2.6.1. Environment.............................................................................................................................68 Section III: The Economic and Social Outlook ........................................................................................75 3.1. Macro-Economic and Poverty Impact ....................................................................................................75 Section IV – Managing Disaster Risk .......................................................................................................81 4.1. The National Framework ....................................................................................................................82 vi | 4.2. Disaster Risk Reduction and Transfer ...................................................................................................82 4.3. Emergency Management ...................................................................................................................84 4.4. Coastal Infrastructure Management Plans...........................................................................................86 4.5. Needs Arising from the Tsunami .........................................................................................................88 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Samoa Hazard Profile Source: Munich Re, Last Update: 2/17/2009 ..............................................1 Figure 2 South Pacific Tsunami .................................................................................................................2 Figure 3 Modeled Results of The 29/09/09 Tsunami Wave Run Ups in Meters ...........................................3 Figure 4 Number of Affected Persons by Village
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