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Marine Benthic Algae of Lord Howe Island and the Southern Great J. Phycol. 44, 834–837 (2008) Ó 2008 Phycological Society of America DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00529.x BOOK REVIEW bulk of flora on Lord Howe Island prove to have Kraft, G. T. 2007. Algae of Australia: Marine Benthic tropical links. Originally, the focus of studies in the Algae of Lord Howe Island and the Southern Great Heron and One Tree islands area was the deepwater Barrier Reef, 1. Green Algae. Australian Biological red algae. Very soon, indications of a rich but lar- Resources Study and CSIRO Publishing, Colling- gely unknown deepwater flora appeared, with a wood, Victoria, Australia, 356 pp. AU$125. ISBN: remarkably high number of green algae that inhabit 9780643094321. the coral banks and deep channels around these islands, especially in the Wistari Channel. A series of scientific publications on the seaweed It was with great pleasure that I agreed to review flora of that region (Kraft 2000) or on specific this book. One reason was that after having met groups (Allender and Kraft 1983, Kraft 1984, Gerry Kraft in Sydney in 1998, I realized Gerry’s 1986a,b, Kraft and Olsen-Stojkovich 1985, Kraft and profound knowledge of seaweed taxonomy, next to Wynne 1996, Kraft and Millar 2005) has already his kindness and collegiality. A second reason was resulted from this research program. This book, that after a first glance at the book, I already had being the first one of a series on the seaweeds from the impression that I would be able to use numer- Lord Howe Island and surroundings, is based on ous superlatives. This assumption was confirmed over 2,000 pressed herbarium specimens of green after detailed reading. algae in addition to more than 400 formalin-pre- W. H. Harvey initiated research on Australian served samples and several hundred microscope algae with his five-volume Phycologia Australica slides, deposited at the Herbarium, School of Bot- (1858–1863). H. B. S. Womersley (2003) recently any, University of Melbourne (MELU). Of course, published the last of a six-volume series, The Marine data and illustrations from the previous publications Benthic Flora of Southern Australia (1984–2003), dou- (mainly from Kraft 2000 on Lord Howe Island’s bling the number of genera (over 460) and species benthic green algae) are included in this book, but (1,137) of that continent and confirming the the descriptions as well as the discussions and illus- extreme diversity of marine benthic photosynthetic trations have been rewritten, completed, imple- organisms in this warm-temperate region. Recently, mented, and remounted. Moreover, the species the series Algae of Australia was started in 2006, of collected in Capricornia have been added. which this is the fourth volume. It is the first one In the introduction, maps, and descriptions are on the seaweeds from Lord Howe Island and sur- given of the islands, reefs, cays, and channels where roundings. specimens were collected: Lord Howe Island; Balls Kraft was a student of Womersley, and after his Pyramid; Wheatsheaf Islet; and the Capricorn thesis in 1974, he sought other exotic destinations Group with numerous islands and reefs, including in which to continue his research. He was drawn to Heron, Wilson, and One Tree islands and Wistari Lord Howe Island, an isolated volcanic outcrop, Reef, localities where most collections were made. about 770 km north of Sydney and about a third of Lord Howe Island was conferred with World Heri- the way between Australia and New Zealand. His tage listing in 1982. More recently, the Lord Howe interest was piqued after learning that the island Island Marine Park was declared by both the New emerged in the middle of the Tasman Sea over six South Wales and commonwealth governments. million years ago, has never been connected to any Tightly controlled residential and tourist develop- major landmass, and is home to the world’s south- ment has left over 75 percent of the island in an ernmost coral reef. In spite of this potential for new almost pristine state, and the island’s conservation discoveries, only two studies had previously reported was promoted. on the marine plants of Lord Howe Island, one by According to the book (pp. 7–8), the likely affini- Zanardini (1874), who never visited the island, and ties of the green algae of Lord Howe Island can be the other by Lucas (1935). grouped in five categories: (1) those widespread in Kraft embarked on his first collecting trip to the the world’s warm seas, (2) those virtually cosmopoli- island in 1976. As elsewhere in Australia, red algae tan in cold and warm waters, (3) those previously contribute far more species than do the green and known only from the Northern Hemisphere (i.e., all brown algae together. Gradually, interest was grow- new Southern Hemisphere records), (4) those ing in the southern group of reefs and cays of the mostly known previously from the Indian Ocean, Great Barrier Reef, known collectively as Capricor- and (5) the endemics. As expected, the most bio- nia or the Capricorn Group, as these were expected geographical affiliations appear to be to the Great to be the most likely sources for species should the Barrier Reef rather than to adjacent and lower 834 BOOK REVIEW 835 latitudes on the Australian mainland or in New Zea- of the book is of great help for those who are not land. The most comprehensive account of green familiar with the terms used. I am not convinced algae from the Capricorn Group is that of the coe- that in step 41 of the key the thalli of Bryopsis have nocytic (multinucleate) forms, since ulvoid and no or only an indistinct percurrent axis is really cor- other taxa with uninucleate cells were far less rigor- rect (see illustrations of B. indica and B. vestita). ously sampled than were those at Lord Howe The indication of the page where the genus is dis- Island. The numbers of coenocytic species are cussed in the key is very useful since it avoids having greater in the Capricorn Group than at Lord Howe to go back to the index all the time. Island, but the gain is predominantly from those The generic key is followed by the core of the that are widespread in the tropical Indo-Pacific. Of book, the description and illustration of the 41 gen- the 13 species of Halimeda known from the Capri- era, 117 species, some of these including several corn Group (all Indo-Pacific), none occurs at Lord subspecies, varieties, or forms. For those who have Howe Island, although two endemic species occur been using Womersley’s books, the similarity is evi- there. Several genera of primarily Indo-Pacific spe- dent, with detailed descriptions, thorough discus- cies are present on the southern Great Barrier Reef sions, and superb illustrations. Even the microscopic but do not occur at all on Lord Howe Island, species Ulvella, Entocladia, and Blastophysa are mag- including Boergesenia, Penicillus, Pseudochlorodesmis, nificently illustrated. Rhipilia, Udotea, and Bornetella. Conversely, only the One new genus, Botryodesmis, and 11 new species endemic Botryodesmis and possibly one widespread are described (in the appendix, pp. 319–25): Ulvella species of Acetabularia are native to Lord Howe perfurcata, Ulva polyclada, Cladophoropsis planiuscula, Island but seemingly not Capricornia. C. herpa, Boergesenia magna, Codium gongylocephalum, Twenty-three taxa appear to be endemic to the C. reversum, Halimeda cereidesmis, Pseudochlorodesmis study areas, Lord Howe Island having 17, and Capri- monopodialis, Botryodesmis exocarpa, and Bryopsis pro- cornia six. As Kraft states, endemicity of seaweeds is funda. In addition, one new form is described (Hali- difficult to assess, especially since those species con- meda gracilis f. triloba), three new combinations are fined to deeper waters do not often feature in floris- made (Ulva howensis [Enteromorpha], Ulva flexuosa tic surveys in regions where they might also be subsp. paradoxa [Enteromorpha], Valonia nutrix [Ventri- expected. caria]), and one new name is proposed (Chaetomor- After the introduction, the systematic arrange- pha ochlofobians [Chaetomorpha solitaria]). ment is presented and discussed. In the footnotes, For each genus, the original publication is men- Kraft demonstrates his awareness of the latest phylo- tioned, the etymology is explained, and the type genetic concepts at the ordinal or family level. He species is mentioned. The generic description is distinguishes Tetrasporales (Palmellopsidaceae: given, followed by the number of species belonging Palmophyllum, 1 sp.), Chaetophorales (Chaetophora- to it worldwide, its ecology, and its biogeographic ceae: Uronema, 1sp., Stromatella, 1sp.), Ulvales (Ulvell- distribution. The last paragraph discusses the taxo- aceae: Ulvella, 3 spp., Entocladia, 2 spp.; Ulvaceae: nomic and ⁄ or phylogenetic position of the genus. Ulva, 9 spp., one of which has 2 subspp.), Cladopho- For genera, represented by several species in the rales (Cladophoraceae: Chaetomorpha, 4 spp., Rhizoc- study area, a key to the species is added. The species lonium, 1 sp., Cladophora, 14 spp.; Anadyomenaceae: are arranged as they are sorted out by the identifica- Microdictyon, 2 spp.), Siphonocladales (Boodleaceae: tion key. Personally, I would have preferred an Boodlea, 2 spp., Struvea, 1 sp., Phyllodictyon, 2 spp., alphabetical arrangement, because now one has Cladophoropsis, 4 spp.; Siphonocladaceae: Dictyosphae- either to look at the key or at the index to find a ria, 2 spp., Boergesenia, 1 sp.; Valoniaceae: Valonia,2 species, especially for genera with numerous species spp., Valoniopsis, 1 sp.), Bryopsidales (Chaetosiphon- (i.e., Cladophora, Codium, Caulerpa, Halimeda). aceae: Blastophysa, 1 sp.; Codiaceae: Codium, 8 spp.; The species name is followed by the citation of Caulerpaceae: Caulerpella, 1 sp., Caulerpa, 12 spp. the original publication, the type locality, the basi- and several varieties; Halimedaceae: Halimeda,16 onym and synonyms, and some recent bibliographic spp. and some forms; Udoteaceae: Avrainvillea,3 references.
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