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The Ionian Islands COPY
∆ΩΡΕΑΝ ΑΝΤΙΤΥΠΟ FREE COPY PUBLICATION GRATUITE FRA OPUSCOLO GRATUITO ITA The Ionian Islands EJEMPLAR ESP GRATUITO GRATIS- www.visitgreece.gr AUSGABE Распространяется бесплатно GREEK NATIONAL TOURISM ORGANISATION THE IONIAN ISLANDS GREEK NATIONAL TOURISM ORGANISATION 04Corfu (Kerkyra) 22Diapontia Islands 26Paxoi (Paxi) 32Lefkada 50Kefalonia 68Ithaca (Ithaki) 74Zakynthos (Zante) CONTENTS 1. Cover page: Zakynthos, Navagio beach. Its white sand and turquoise waters attract thousands of visitors each year. Ionian Islands The Ionian Islands have a temperate climate, seawaters as deep as they are refreshing, in the area, reaching 4,406 m., registered as the greatest in the Mediterranean. verdant mountains, a rich cultural heritage and a carefree spirit; the ideal combination for Their mild, temperate climate makes them the ideal choice for vacation or permanent stay. your holidays during which you will enjoy a well-developed tourism infrastructure, hotels, In the wintertime, the mainland’s mountains buffer the bitter northern winds blowing to the restaurants, water sports centres, cultural events and numerous sights, historic monuments, direction of the islands while the hot summer weather is tempered by the mild northwestern and museums. meltemia winds and the sea breeze. The area’s air currents have turned many of the Ionian Scattered along the mainland’s western coastline, the Ionian Islands are a cluster of 12 Islands’ beaches into worldwide known destinations for windsurfing. large and small islands covering an area of 2,200 sq. km. There are six large ones: Zakynthos The Ionian Islands have been inhabited since the Paleolithic times. Since then, numerous (Zante), Ithaki (Ithaca), Kerkyra (Corfu), Kefalonia (Cephallonia), Lefkada (Leucas), and invaders and cultural influences have left their stamp on the islands. -
Herpetological Observations on the Greek Islands of Kefallinia and Zakynthos
Herpetological observations on the Greek islands of Kefallinia and Zakynthos MATT J. WILSON 48 Harehill RD, Littleborough, Lancashire OL15 9HE, UK E-mail: [email protected] CQUIRING information on the herpetofauna GEOGRAPHY Aof Kefallinia and neighbouring islands is Kefallinia is the largest of the Ionian Islands and somewhat difficult, and when this information is is almost twice the size of neighbouring Lefkada, located, it is not in plentiful supply. Very little has with a distance of 90 kilometres from the Skala been published on reptiles and amphibians in the region in the far southeast to Fiskardo at its most Ionian Islands, except Corfu, probably due to the northerly point. The island has very cold winters, variety of species present there. Relatively recent contrasted by very hot, dry summers during which contributions on the islands of Kefallinia and – as elsewhere in Greece – the majority of water Zakynthos include that of Clark (1970), sources dry-out. Kefallinia is a mountainous “Observations of the lizard and snake fauna of the island, and is generally drier than others in the islands Kephallinia and Zakynthos, Ionian Sea, Ionian group. The most evident and impressive Greece”, and also of significance is that by peak is Mount Ainos, which reaches a height of Keymar (1986), “Amphibians of the Ionian almost 1630 metres. This mountain is a National region: their origin, distribution and future”. Park and was declared so in 1962, not due to its Mention must also be made of D. Kock, whose herpetofauna but the Cephalonian fir (Abies work elsewhere in the Ionian group is also cephalonica), which covers the majority of the considerable. -
4 Days of Enjoyment in Kefalonia
4 days of enjoyment in Kefalonia Plan Days 4 4 days swimming at the best beaches and afternoon walks in the picturesque settlements! By: Christina Koraki PLAN SUMMARY Day 1 1. Sami About region/Main cities & villages 2. Drogarati Cave Nature/Caves 3. Cave Lake of Melissani Nature/Lakes 4. Antisamos Nature/Beaches Day 2 1. Fiskardo About region/Main cities & villages 2. Myrtos Beach Nature/Beaches 3. Assos About region/Main cities & villages Day 3 1. Argostoli About region/Main cities & villages 2. Lantern of Agioi Theodori Culture/Monuments & sights 3. Castle of Agios Georgios Culture/Castles 4. Monastery of Agios Gerasimos Culture/Churches & Monasteries 5. Avithos Nature/Beaches Day 4 1. Monastery of Kipouraion Culture/Churches & Monasteries 2. Platia Ammos Nature/Beaches 3. Petani Nature/Beaches WonderGreece.gr - Bon Voyage 1 Day 1 1. Sami Απόσταση: Start - About region / Main cities & villages Χρόνος: - GPS: N38.2514148, W20.64716880000003 2. Drogarati Cave Απόσταση: by car 3.8km Nature / Caves Χρόνος: 09′ GPS: N38.22719751377151, W20.62778308190616 3. Cave Lake of Melissani Απόσταση: by car 6.0km Nature / Lakes Χρόνος: 08′ GPS: N38.25696956372193, W20.62362771807716 4. Antisamos Απόσταση: by car 7.5km Nature / Beaches Χρόνος: 15′ GPS: N38.260570326997204, W20.673716763220227 WonderGreece.gr - Bon Voyage 2 Day 2 1. Fiskardo Απόσταση: Start - About region / Main cities & villages Χρόνος: - GPS: N38.458166, W20.57698019999998 2. Myrtos Beach Απόσταση: by car 24.9km Nature / Beaches Χρόνος: 35′ GPS: N38.3433388495615, W20.536390590856968 3. Assos Απόσταση: by car 11.8km About region / Main cities & villages Χρόνος: 19′ GPS: N38.37865201199259, W20.54058172390137 WonderGreece.gr - Bon Voyage 3 Day 3 1. -
Although Kefalonia Is One of the Largest Ionian Islands, It Is Also One of the Least Populated
WASTE COLLECTION IN EUROPE Yiassou! Collecting waste in Kefalonia Although Kefalonia is one of the largest Ionian Islands, it is also one of the least populated. Tim Byrne explains how the island has a different waste collection system to the rest of its neighbours, looks at its choice of refuse collection vehicles and asks whether the island meets EU legislation on working hours. EFALONIA HAS seven coast of Argostoli and collect the MSW from the dedicated refuse collection holiday resort of Lassi. One is also operational rounds or ‘programmes’ in the Poros, Skala area, one in Sami and Aghi as the Greeks class them. Efthiamia and one in Lixouri. There are no separate There is also an older Mercedes 2024 two municipalities on Kefalonia which collect their axle Faun Variopress unit working on its own Kmunicipal solid waste (MSW) separately like designated collection route around Mineas and their neighbouring islands e.g. Zakynthos, the area close to the Airport. Corfu. Instead a company was set up called the In the summer season, there are an Kefalonia Intermunicipal Enterprise for Waste additional four spare RCVs. These help the Management and Environmental Protection. larger rounds in the summer tourist season. This company is responsible for the entire These vehicles consist of a Steyr 91 two-axle collection and disposal of MSW on Kefalonia complete with Kaoussis Rotopress equipment. and also incorporates the subsequent collection The Steyr 91 two axle Kaoussis Rotopress and disposal of MSW for the neighbouring works near Fiskardo in the summer and three Island of Ithaca. Mercedes Sks two-axle complete with Kuka Rotopress equipment work in Lixouri, Mineas, Vehicle types Poros and Aghi Efthiamia in the summer. -
Ionian Sea, Western Greece) Earthquake Sequence: Damage Pattern on Buildings
16th World Conference on Earthquake, 16WCEE 2017 Santiago Chile, January 9th to 13th 2017 Paper N° 414 THE JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2014 CEPHALONIA (IONIAN SEA, WESTERN GREECE) EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE: DAMAGE PATTERN ON BUILDINGS S. Mavroulis(1), V. Alexoudi(2), A. Grambas(3), E. Lekkas(4), P. Carydis(5) (1) MSc Geologist, Department of Dynamic Tectonic Applied Geology, Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece, [email protected] (2) MSc Engineer, Department of Dynamic Tectonic Applied Geology, Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece, [email protected] (3) MSc Geologist, Department of Dynamic Tectonic Applied Geology, Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece, [email protected] (4) Professor of Dynamic Tectonic Appleid Geology and Disaster Management, Department of Dynamic Tectonic Applied Geology, Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece, [email protected] (5) Professor Emeritus, National Technical University of Athens,Greece, [email protected] Abstract The early 2014 Cephalonia earthquake sequence comprised two main shocks with almost the same magnitude (Mw 6.0) occurred successively in short time (January 26, February 3) and space (western Cephalonia, Paliki peninsula). The first event caused damage mainly in the Paliki peninsula, while the second aggravated damage induced by the first. The dominant buildings types are masonry, reinforced concrete (RC) and monumental buildings. Masonry buildings suffered the most due to their high vulnerability. RC buildings showed good performance due to their good construction quality. -
3-Dimensional Rocking and Sliding Case Histories in the 2014 Cephalonia, Greece Earthquakes
INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR SOIL MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING This paper was downloaded from the Online Library of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE). The library is available here: https://www.issmge.org/publications/online-library This is an open-access database that archives thousands of papers published under the Auspices of the ISSMGE and maintained by the Innovation and Development Committee of ISSMGE. 6th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering 1-4 November 2015 Christchurch, New Zealand 3-Dimensional Rocking and Sliding Case Histories in the 2014 Cephalonia, Greece Earthquakes E. Garini1, G. Gazetas2, I. Anastasopoulos3 ABSTRACT th A twin event earthquake sequence of an Mw6.1 on January 26 and an Mw6.0 eight days later on February 3rd shook the island of Cephalonia, triggering damage in structural and harbor infrastructure. The strongest three recordings of the double event are analyzed in this paper: the Chavriata, Lixouri and Argostoli accelerograms. The Lixouri record bears the effects of near-fault directivity, containing acceleration pulses in its normal to the fault (EW) component. The most extensive damage occurred in the numerous cemeteries of the region, with tombstone topplings and large slippages being the most conspicuous. Some specific “rigid block” failure case histories, from the cemeteries of Lixouri and Chavriata, are explored in the paper. The systems are modeled in 3D, as rigid blocks resting through Coulomb friction on horizontal base. The latter is excited by three component accelerations: two in the horizontal directions and one in the vertical. The rocking, sliding, twisting and overturning of such rigid systems offer a strong indication of the ‘destructiveness potential’ of ground motions, which explain the cemeteries extensive damage. -
Derived from New Seismological and Geodetic Data on the Ionian Islands, Greece
data Article Characteristics of Recent Aftershocks Sequences (2014, 2015, 2018) Derived from New Seismological and Geodetic Data on the Ionian Islands, Greece Alexandra Moshou 1,* , Panagiotis Argyrakis 1 , Antonios Konstantaras 2 , Anna-Christina Daverona 3 and Nikos C. Sagias 4 1 Institute of Geodynamics, National Observatory of Athens, Lofos Nymphon, 11810 Athens, Greece; [email protected] 2 Department of Electronic Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 3 Romanou Str., Chalepa, 73133 Chania, Crete, Greece; [email protected] 3 Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics Engineers, Faculty of Engineering, Egaleo Park Campus, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos Street, Aigaleo, 12243 Athens, Greece; [email protected] 4 Department Informatics and Telecommunications, Faculty of Economics and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, Akadimaikou G. K. Vlachou Street, GR-22131 Tripoli, Greece; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +30-21-0349-0152 Abstract: In 2014–2018, four strong earthquakes occurred in the Ionian Sea, Greece. After these events, a rich aftershock sequence followed. More analytically, according to the manual solutions of the National Observatory of Athens, the first event occurred on 26 January 2014 in Cephalonia Island with magnitude ML = 5.8, followed by another in the same region on 3 February 2014 with magnitude ML = 5.7. The third event occurred on 17 November 2015, ML = 6.0 in Lefkas Island and the last on 25 October 2018, ML = 6.6 in Zakynthos Island. The first three of these earthquakes caused moderate structural damages, mainly in houses and produced particular unrest to the local population. This Citation: Moshou, A.; Argyrakis, P.; work determines a seismic moment tensor for both large and intermediate magnitude earthquakes Konstantaras, A.; Daverona, A.-C.; (M > 4.0). -
Itinerary East Med 2 Weeks
CHARTER ITINERARY Itinerary Suggestion 4 Weeks Discovering Eastern Mediterranean FRASER CHARTER ITINERARY EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN The Best of East Med CROATIA Kotor to Dubrovnik 38Nm – 2H30 Dubrovnik to Mljet 23Nm – 1H30 Mljet to Hvar Island 58Nm – 4H00 Hvar Island to Trogir 25Nm – 1H45 Trogir to Skradin 37Nm – 2H30 Skradin to Vis 50Nm – 3H20 ITALY Vis to Cavtat 91Nm – 6H00 Cavtat to Saranda 195Nm – 13H00 Saranda to Anti Paxos 45Nm – 3H00 Anti Paxos to Lekfada 30Nm – 2H00 GREECE Lekfada to Kephalonia 38Nm – 2H30 TURKEY Kephalonia to Zakinthos 30Nm – 2H00 Zakinthos to Galaxidi 86Nm – 5H45 Galaxidi to Corinthe 37Nm – 2H30 Corinthe to Athens 30Nm – 2H00 Athens to Poros 30Nm – 2H00 Poros to Milos 65Nm – 4H20 Milos to Santorini 50Nm – 3H30 Santorini to Ios 20Nm – 1H20 Ios to Paros 23Nm – 1H30 Paros to Mykonos 23Nm – 1H30 Mykonos to Sifnos 40Nm – 2H40 Sifnos to Kythnos 26Nm – 1H45 Kythnos to Kea 15Nm – 1H00 Kea to Corinthe 65Nm – 4H30 Corinthe to Akteo 60Nm – 4H00 Akteo to Lekfada 60Nm – 4H00 Lekfada to Corfu 66Nm – 4H30 Corfu to Budva 170Nm – 11H30 Budva to Kotor 30Nm – 2H00 Itinerary based on a 15 knots cruising speed FRASER CHARTER ITINERARY EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN Kotor Embarkation in Kotor where your superyacht will we berthed. Captain & Crew will welcome you on-board. After familiarization with the yacht, you will be heading to your first destination. One of the must-see destinations around is Boka Kotorska (the Bay of Kotor), frequently referred to as the Mediterranean’s only fjord. Its steeply rising mountains watch over the ancient towns beneath them and superyacht heaven Porto Montenegro make it a must-visit destination. -
Preliminary Report on the Geological Effects Triggered by the 2014 Cephalonia Earthquakes
Preliminary report on the geological effects triggered by the 2014 Cephalonia earthquakes Papathanassiou G., Ganas A., Valkaniotis S., Papanikolaou M., Pavlides S. [email protected] [email protected] February 2014 1.Introduction Two strong earthquake events, ML (NOA) 5.8 and ML 5.7 occurred on Jan. 26, 2014 13:55 UTC and Feb. 3, 2014 03:08 UTC, re- spectively, in the island of Cephalonia induc- ing extensive structural damages and geo- environmental effects, mainly in the western and central part. According to the National 2nd event Observatory of Athens, Institute of Geody- aftershock namics (NOA; www.gein.noa.gr ) the epicen- tre of the first event (Fig. 1; NOA web re- port) was located near the town of Argostoli (the capital), while the second one was lo- 1st event cated to the north of village Livadi (Palliki Peninsula). Both earthquakes occurred on near-vertical, strike-slip faults with dextral sense of motion, in response to ENE-WSW horizontal strain in central Ionian Sea (Ga- Figure 1. Earthquake epicentres recorded by Na- tional Observatory of Athens (NOA) nas et al., 2013). This report is the outcome of three post-earthquake field surveys organized by NOA in collaboration with Earthquake Geology Group (http://eqgeogr.weebly.com/) of De- partment of Geology of AUTh. The field surveys took place immediately after the oc- currence of both earthquakes (Jan 28-31, 2014; Feb 4-6, 2014 & Feb. 6-9, 2014) and thus, we were able to report the triggered geo-environmental effects. In the following pages, a brief description of the earthquake-induced failures is presented while more information will be published after data processing. -
Kefalonia Island, Ionian
Argostoli 1 KEFALONIA It has been the capital town of the island since 1757. Argostoli is a modern town that keeps KEFALONIA many of the traditional architectural elements of the past. It has been built in an amphithea- 51 tre-like manner, overlooking Koutavos lagoon, a stopover area for many migratory birds. A large number of neoclassical buildings, large squares and churches grace the town. There is a remarkable diversity of cultural events as the town’s Philharmonic Band, choirs, and drama groups are quite active. Town promenade 47. Argostoli: the commemorative obelisk • To the central, spacious Vallianos Square, at Drapanos Bridge. where the statue of benefactor P. Vallianos vos lagoon is marvellous. stands surrounded by cafés, restaurants, and • To the Municipal Market, by the beach, bars. where the bust of local poet Nikos Kavvadias • To Napier’s Garden, named after British Lord stands. High Commissioner Sir Charles James Napier • To Drapanos stone bridge (also named De who, in the mid-19th century carried out many Bosset Bridge). Built by the British in 1813, it infrastructure works on the island. Though small is 900 metres long and links Argostoli with the in size, the garden has a large variety of tree opposite coast. Do visit the Municipal Cem- species. etery at nearby Drapanos village where there • To Rizospaston Street, bordered by palm are exquisite marble sculptures and monuments trees; this is the location of Risospaston Monu- created by famous artists. ment. • To the Archeological Museum, exhibiting • To Lithostroto, the town’s main street lined finds from various sites on the island, mostly with shops and haunts of the young. -
The Kefallinia Island Earthquake Sequence January- February 2014
THE KEFALLINIA ISLAND EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE JANUARY- FEBRUARY 2014 Panayotis PAPADIMITRIOU1, Nicholas VOULGARIS2, Vassiliki KOUSKOUNA3, Ioannis KASSARAS4, George KAVIRIS5, Kyriaki PAVLOU6, Andreas KARAKONSTANTIS7, George BOZIONELOS8 and Vasilis KAPETANIDIS9 A significant earthquake sequence was initiated on 26 January 2014 at the western part of the Kefallinia Island. The study area is located in the Ionian Sea (W. Greece) at the northwestern end of the Hellenic Arc – Trench, in a region dominated by the Kefallinia - Lefkada transform fault, which exhibits dextral strike–slip motion at a rate of 2–3 cm year−1 (Kahle et al., 1996; Cocard et al., 1999). This region is situated between the Hellenic subduction zone to the south and the Apulia - Eurasian collision zone to the north. Focal mechanisms reveal right-lateral strike-slip motion (Anderson and Jackson, 1987; Jackson and McKenzie, 1988), coherent with geodetic data, according to which the slip motion has a NNE–SSW direction (Cocard et al., 1999; Jenny et al., 2004). During the historical period, until 1900, 13 earthquakes with magnitude Μ≥6.0, have been reported in the Kefallinia region. The strongest event, of magnitude 7.4 and intensity X at Lixouri, occurred on 4 February 1867 (Papazachos and Papazachou, 2003; Stucchi et al., 2012). Major destructions were reported at the villages of the Paliki peninsula, while in Lixouri only two houses did not collapse. Ground ruptures were observed, as well as a tsunami of small height. Rock falls and liquefactions also occurred. In the Paliki peninsula 2612 houses collapsed, while only 4 in Argostoli, the capital and major town of the Kefallinia Island. -
Seismic Performance of Bell Towers in Kefalonia, Greece During the 2014 Earthquake Sequence
G.C. Manos and E. Kozikopoulos COMPDYN 2017 6th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering M. Papadrakakis, M. Fragiadakis (eds.) Rhodes Island, Greece, 15–17 June 2017 SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF BELL TOWERS IN KEFALONIA, GREECE DURING THE 2014 EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE G.C. Manos1 and E. Kozikopoulos2 1 Professor Emeritus and ex-Director of the Lab. of Strength of Materials and Structures, Aristotle Uni- versity, e-mail: [email protected] 2 Postgraduate student, Lab. of Strength of Materials and Structures, Aristotle University e-mail: {[email protected]} Keywords: Bell towers, In-situ Dynamic Measurements, Numerical Simulation, Earthquake Response, Soil-structure Interaction. Abstract. Bell towers are structures that are of particular interest regarding their dynamic and earthquake response, which has been the subject of research in the past. A large number of bell towers with dimensions much larger than the ones examined here are located in nu- merous cities in Italy and around the world. This paper deals with in-situ measurements as means of system identification of two bell-towers located in the island of Kefalonia, Greece which was subjected during the winter of 2014 in an intensive earthquake sequence. The height of both these bell towers is approximately 21.5m; they are made of reinforced concrete with a hollow cross-section. Their dynamic characteristics of these bell towers were meas- ured in-situ through a series of free vibration tests that were performed following the earth- quake sequence. Subsequently their dynamic response was numerically simulated employing a 3-D elastic numerical simulation shell elements.