DOCUMENT RESUME ED 328 409 SE 051 883 AUTHOR Madison, Bernard L.; Hart, Therese A. TITLE A Challenge of Numbers. People in the Mathematical Sciences. INSTITUTION National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council, Washington, DC. Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources. SPONS AGENCY National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C.; National Security Agency, Washington, DC. REPORT NO ISBN-0-309-04190-2 PUB DATE 90 NOTE 133p. AVAILABLE FROMNational Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20418 ($9.95). PUB TYPE Information Analyses (070) -- Reports - Research/Technical (143) EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS *College Mathematics; *Educational Improvement; Enrollment Projections; Enrollment Trends; Females; Higher Education; High Schools; Mathematics Curriculum; Mathematics Education; Minority Groups; *School Demography; *School Statistics; *Statistical Data ABSTRACT The mathematical sciences, based largely in academia, are crucial not only for the development of new knowledge but alsoas a needed resource in the education of our technological work force. As with other scientific professions, the challengeof meeting the growing need for workers in the face of shrinking supplies will require a program of national action, but the situation in the mathematical sciences is particularly severe. This 'eport describes the circumstances and issues related to the humanresources in the mathematical sciences, principalv students and teachers atU.S. colleges and universities. It contains data froma large number of existing sources and provides a comprehensive set of datadescribing the demographic situation in the mathematical sciences.Chapters include: (1) "Introduction and Historical Perspective"; (2)"The U.S. Labor Force and Higher Education"; (3) "College and University Mathematical Sciences"; (4) "Majors in Mathematics andStatistics"; (5) "Mathematical Scientists in the Workplace"; and (6)"Issues and Implications." A list of 123 references, 45 figures,and 22 tables of data are appended. (CW) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best thatcan be made from the original document. *****************************************************,***************** \'Y '\ " 1 \ C \\ ' -,.L U i- r i- r i- ; ! ? .. © "' ' .1 .... c,' ø4 Q(¼aq ' N il c ' \ &( ( )q*' ' L J'Lt 4_ k ;tr '\ ',( ,I\ c 4Cø' c' / ' t t; J\c' ' -c' : NN' \\\\L' . ';"-' ( - ,,,1 cvJ U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCAtION PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS Office0)EducationI Re5e5rch and Improvement MATERIAL IN MICROFICHE ONLY ''" ' EDUCATIONAl. RESOURCES INFORMATION HAS BEEN GRANTED BY CENTER (ERIC) Lr A is document has been reproduced as .,Ji I leceved tram the person or organization' ______________________________________ oignatirigt have been mad to improve t.-\.y.' reproduction quality Pointsotviewo opinionastatedinthiSdocu TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES ç ment cio riot necessarily represent official INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC):' 2 ,\" A CHALLENGE OF NUMBERS People in the Mathematical Sciences Prepared by Bernard L. Madison and Therese A. Hart for the Committee on the Mathematical Sciences in the Year 2000 Mathematical Sciences Education Board Board on Mathematical Sciences Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources National Research Council National Academy Press Washington, D.C. 1990 3 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was The National Reseal-Al Council was organized by the approved by the Governing Board of the National Research National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad Council. whose members are drawn from the councils of the community of science and technology with the Acr,demy's National Academy of Sciences. the National Academy ofpurposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The membersgovernment. Functioning in accordance with general poli- of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for cies determined by the Academy. the Council has become their special competences and with regard for appropriate the principal operating agency of both the National Acad- balance. emy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, thz public, and the This report has been reviewed by a group other than the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is authors according to procedures approved by a Report administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Review Committee consisting of members of the NationalMedicine. Dr. Frank Press and Dr. Robert M. White are Academy of Sciences. the National Academy of Engineer-chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National ing. and the Institute of Medicine. Research Council. The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, The Committee on the Mathematical Sciences in the Year self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged 2000, which was appointed at the beginning of 1988, is a ir scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the fur- three-year project of the Mathematical Sciences Education therance of science and technology and to their use for theBoard and the Board on Mathematical Sciences. ItF purpose general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter grantedis to provide a national agenda for revitalizing mathemati- to it by the Congress in 1863. the Academy has a mandatecal sciences education in U.S. colleges and universities. that requires it to advise the federal government on scien- tific and technical matters. Dr. Frank Press is president of Support tbr this project and for the publication and dis- the National Academy of Sciences. semination of this report was provided by grants from the National Science Foundation and the National Security The National Academy of Engineering was established Agency. in 1964. under the charter of the National Academy of Sci- ences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers.Cover photograph reprinted courtesy of the University of It k autonomous in its administration and in the selection of Maryland and with permission fmm John Consoli. pho- its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sc iences tographer. Copyright © 1989 by John Consoli. the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineer- Library of Congress C atalogue Card Number 89-64078 ing programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achieve- International Standard Book Number 0-309-04190-2 ments of engineers. Dr. Robert M. White is president of the National Academy of Engineering. Available from: The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy Press National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. eminent members of appropriate professions in the exami- Washington. D.C. 20418 nation of policy matters pertaining to the health of the pub- lic. The Institute ixts under the responsibility given to the S089 National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to he an advker to the federal government and, upon its own Summaries of this report may he obtained from MS 7.0(10, initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and 2101 Conmitution Avenue, N.W.. Washington. D.C. 20418 education. Dr. Samuel 0. Thier is president of the Institute of Medicine. Printed in the United States of America First Printing, April 1990 Second Printing, December 1990 L.. 41. Committee on the Mathematicai Sciences in the Year 2000 William E. Kirwan (Chairman), President, University of Maryland Ramesh A. Gangolli (Vice Chairman), Professor of Mathematics, University of Washington Lida K. Barrett, Dean, College of Arts & Sciences, Mississippi State University Maria A. Berriozabal, Councilwoman, City of San Antonio, Texas Ernest L. Boyer, President, Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching William Browder, Professor of Mathematics, Princeton University Rita R. Colwell, Director of the Maryland Biotechnology Institute and Professor of Microbiology, University of Maryland John M. Deutch, Provost, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Ronald G. Douglas, Dean, Division of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, State University of New York, Stony Brook Patricia A. Dyer, Vice President for A,:ademic Affairs, Palm Beach Community College Lloyd C. Elam, Distinguished Servict itofessor of Psychiatry, Meharry Medical College Sheldon L. Glashow, Higgins Professor of Physics, Harvard University Nancy J. Kopell. Professor of Mathematics, Boston University Donald W. Marquardt, Consultant Manager, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. David S. Moore. Professor of Statistics, Purdue University Jaime Oaxaca. Vice Chairman, Coronado Communications Moshe F. Rubinstein, Professor of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles Ivar Stakgold. Chairman, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Delaware S. Frederick Starr, Preskient. Oberlin College Lynn Arthur Steen, Professor of Mathematics, St. Olaf College Staff James A. Voytuk. Project Director Bernard L. Madison, Project Director (through August 1988) Therese A. Hart. Research Associate (through November 1989) Craig E. Hicks, Project Assistant Mathematical Sciences Education Board Alvin W. Trivelpiece (Chairman), Director. Oak Ridge NationalLaboratory Shirley A. Hill (Past Chairman), Curators' 2rofessor of Mathematics andEducation, University