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Which Ones Might Be the Most Important Countries to Move November 23, 2010 French Brazilian Italian Rev Indepence Unification 1775 Greek 1900 Mexican German American Independence Rev Independence Unification French Brazilian Italian Rev Independence Unification 1775 1900 Greek German American Mexican Independence Unification Rev Independence Which ones might be the most important countries to move towards a new nation? What conditions might have existed for so many of these countries to change their governments? November 23, 2010 Nationalism Quote "A country is not merely a geographic territory.... A country is the sense of love which unites as one all the sons and daughters of that geographic territory. So long as a single person amongst you has no vote to represent him in the development of the national life; so long as there is one person left to vegetate in ignorance while others are educated; so long as a single person that is able and willing to work in poverty through lack of a job, you have no country in the sense in which a country ought to exist. The right to vote, education, and employment are the three main pillars of a nation. The life of your country will be immortal so long as you are ready to die for your fellow men and women. " What are important elements of From Giuseppe Mazzini: nationalism according to this author? What are important elements of nationalism according to this author? -- not just geography -- must include democratic ideas -- equality to get education -- equality to get jobs November 23, 2010 I. Def Nationalism = pride in one’s country A.Components of Nat. 1. authority rest w/ citizens 2. feeling of community 3. sense of common history 4. “ “ “ future 5. “ “ “ religion 6. “ “ “ geography/home 7. “ “ “ enemy II. Pre-1860 Type of Countries A. nation-states = Great Britain + France B. # of small nation-states = Netherlands + Switzerland C. small kingdoms = Sardinia (Italy) D. empires = dynasties which controlled large areas for ex. Habsburg, Ottoman + Austrian November 23, 2010 III. South American Independence A. Spanish Colonial System 1.Treated ppl unfairly 2.Columbian Exchange left Native Americans weakened 3.Encomienda System ** Place these groups of people in the social pyramid according to their social rank. Upper Class Peninsulares Middle Class Creoles Mulataoes Mestizos Lower Class Africans Native Americans November 23, 2010 ** Place these groups of people in the social pyramid according to their social rank. Upper Peninsulares Class Middle Creoles Class Mulataoes Mestizos Lower Class Native Americans Africans B. Spanish Revolts 1.Inspired by a)Enlightenment = Locke, Voltaire, Rousseau + Montesquieu b) American Revolution 1776-1789 c)French Revolution 1789-1800 2.Leaders of What characteristics a)Simon Bolivar do these leaders b) Hidalgo have in common? c)Toussaint-Louverture November 23, 2010 VI. Crimean War (1854-1856) A. Causes = Russia attempted to take Romania/ Black Sea 1.France + Great Britain responded to defend Christianity + defend Ottoman Empire as a buffer state 2.Results = Congress of Paris a)Romania + Serbia protected by Europe b) no Russian ships in Black Sea c)ended Congress of Vienna rules V. Italian Unification A. Pre-Unification 1.Italy was divided into many states (see map) 2.widespread disgust w/ gov’ts November 23, 2010 Which group of people would stand in the way of a country's unification? the current leaders the rich, privileged classes neighboring nations B. Growth of Nationalism 1.Risorgimento = Italian nationalist phrase, “resurgence” goal to restore Italy to past power 2.inspiration => Mazzini a)philosopher + writer who expressed nationalism 3.Sardinia + Prime Minister Cavour a)Goals = progress, efficiency + fair gov’t (not democracy) b) foreign policy manipulate Europe to help unification 4. Garibaldi led “Garibaldi’s Thousand” or “Red Shirts” November 23, 2010 VI. German Unification A. German Confederation (1815-1866) 1.created by Congress of Vienna a)loose organization of 39 states b) legislature = diet = main goal = peace c)designed to be weak Whyto maintainwould this confederation balance of power be designed to be weak? B. Prussia 1.smallest of European major powers but dev. strong military 2.mid-1800’s felt threatened a)1848 Socialist Rev b) small role in European affairs c)Italian unification 3.goal = increase power by modernization of military BUT would cost $$$ November 23, 2010 4.Otto von Bismarck chief minister 1862 a)Generally impatient man against individual liberties + democracy b) dev. Realpolitik = “politics of reality” (i) gov’t + foreign policy must defend nation’s interests (ii) adjust to situation as they arose (iii) argued unification through “blood + iron” Otto von Bismarck's Blood + Iron Speech Given September 30th 1862 to a parliament group "... it is true that we can hardly escape complications in Germany, although we do not seek them. Germany does not look to Prussia's liberalism, but to her power. The south German States - Bavaria, Wurtemberg, and Baden - would like to indulge in liberalism, and because of that no one will assign Prussia's role to them! Prussia must collect her forces and hold them in reserve for an opportune moment, which has already come and gone several times. Since the Treaty of Vienna, our frontiers have not been favorably designed for a healthy body politic. Not by speeches and majorities will the great questions of the day be decided - that was the mistake of 1848 and 1849 - but by iron and blood. November 23, 2010 German Steel Production 1842-1914 c)Bismarck’s Wars (i) Denmark over Schleswig-Holstein (ii) Austrian-Prussian War 1866 (Seven Week War) (a) Prussia gained land (b) ended German confederation (c) Italy got Venetia from Austria (iii)Franco-Prussian War (a) goal = unify remaining German states (b) Ems Dispatch tricked Napoleon III to fight Prussian victory led to German unification November 23, 2010 Italian German Unification Unification Both Start with these items as you compare but be more specific -- methods used (peace or war) -- role of individual leaders -- types of gov't dev. GT: 533-539 -- nations they fought RT: 676-689 Italian German Unification Unification Both Start with these items as you compare but be more specific -- methods used (peace or war) -- role of individual leaders -- types of gov't dev. GT: 533-539 -- nations they fought RT: 676-689.
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